esmp for nguzu edda (afikpo south lga...

ESMP for Nguzu Edda (Afikpo South LGA Headquarters) Gully Erosion site in Ebonyi State


ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)

(Final Draft Report)

For

NGUZU EDDA (AFIKPO SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT HEADQUARTERS) GULLY EROSION INTERVENTION SITE, EBONYI STATE

UNDER

THE NIGERIA EROSION & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROJECT (NEWMAP)

WORLD BANK ASSISTED

By EBONYI STATE -NIGERIA EROSION & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROJECT

(EBS-NEWMAP) ABAKALIKI, EBONYI STATE

June, 2014

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ii ESMP for Nguzu Edda (Afikpo South LGA Headquarters) Gully Erosion site in Ebonyi State

Table of Contents Content Page Cover Page i Table of Contents ii List of Tables v List of Figures vi List of Maps vi List of Boxes vi List of Abbreviations/ Acronyms vii Definition of Terms ix Executive Summary x CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 2 1.2 The proposed Intervention Work 3 1.3 Need for ESMP for the Proposed Intervention Work 4 1.4 Objectives of this Environmental and Social Management Plan 4 1.5 Scope/Terms of Reference of the ESMP and Tasks 4 1.6 Approaches for Preparing the Environmental and Social Management Plan 4 1.6.1 Literature Review 4 1.6.2 Interactive Discussions/Consultations 4 1.6.3 Field Visits 4 1.6.4 Identification of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures 4 CHAPTER 2: INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 World Bank Safeguards Policies Triggered by NEWMAP and the Proposed

Activity 5 2.3 Summary of Relevant Local and Federal Policy, Legal, regulatory and

Administrative Frameworks 6 2.3.1 State Legislations 6 2.3.2 Ebonyi State Ministry of Environment 6 2.3.3 Ebonyi State Ministry of Local Government Regulations 6 2.4 Making the ESMP Responsive to Good Practice 7 CHAPTER 3: BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 8 3.0 Introduction 8 3.1 Location and Size 8 3.2 Description of the Proposed Intervention Site 8 3.2.1 The Watershed 9 3.3 Biophysical Environment 10 3.3.1 Hydrological Study 10 3.4 Geology 11 3.5 Soil Studies 11 3.6 Geotechnical Survey 11 3.7 Flora and Fauna 12 3.8 Water Resources and Quality Assessment 12 3.9 Climate and Meteorology of the Study Area 12 3.10 Noise Level Assessment 13 3.11 Air Quality Assessment 14 3.12 Environmentally Sensitive Areas 14


iii ESMP for Nguzu Edda (Afikpo South LGA Headquarters) Gully Erosion site in Ebonyi State

CHAPTER 4: SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS 15 4.1 Introduction 15 4.2 Transport Accessibility to Site 15 4.3 Settlement Pattern 15 4.4 The People and Religion 15 4.5 Economy 15 4.6 Occupation and Livelihood 16 4.7 Education 16 4.8 Age, Sex and Number of Children of Respondents 17 4.9 Awareness of the proposed Intervention Project 17 4.10 Respondents Important Valuables to be protected 18 4.11 Conflict Resolution 18 4.12 Health Status Assessment 19 4.12.1 Respondents Common Health Problems 19 4.12.2 Awareness of HIV/AIDS 19 4.12.3 Awareness of Malaria 19 4.12.4 Respondents Opinion on Causes of Health 19 4.12.5 Risk of health problem as a Result of the Intervention Work 19 4.12.6 Availability of health Care Facility 19 CHAPTER 5: ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS AND ANALYSIS

OF ALTERNATIVES 20 5.1 Introduction 20 5.2 Impact Identification and Evaluation 20 5.3 Potential Impacts of the Project 21 5.3.1 The Project Benefits 21 5.3.2 Negative Impacts 21 5.3.2.1 Construction Phase 21 5.3.2.2 Operation Phase 22 5.3.2.3 Decommissioning Phase 22 5.3.3 Irreversible Environmental Changes 22 5.3.4 Cumulative/Secondary Impacts 22 5.3.5 Environmental Justice 22 5.4 Analysis of Project Alternatives 25 5.4.1 No Project Option 25 5.4.2 Delayed Project Option 25 5.4.3 Go Ahead Option 26 5.4.4 Gully Treatment Option 26 CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 27 6.1 Introduction 27 6.2 Mitigation Measures 28 6.3 Residual Impacts after mitigation 28 6.4 Enhancement of Positive Impacts and Reduction/Avoidance of Negative Impacts 28 6.5 Waste Management Plan 35 6.6 Maintenance and Inspection of Treated Gully 35 6.7 Environmental Monitoring and Auditing 35 6.7.1 Site Inspection and Monitoring 36 6.7.2 Site Inspection and Maintenance 36 6.7.3 Site Inspection Frequency 36 6.7.4 Vegetation Establishment Monitoring 37 6.7.5 Maintenance Problems 37 6.7.6 Inspection and Maintenance Reports 37


iv ESMP for Nguzu Edda (Afikpo South LGA Headquarters) Gully Erosion site in Ebonyi State

6.8 Environmental Monitoring 37 6.9 Reporting Procedure 37 6.9.1 Complaints Register and Environmental Incidents 37 6.9.2 Record Keeping 38 6.11 Disclosure and Public Consultation Plan 42 6.12 Institutional Arrangements 43 6.13 Institutional Capacity Building and Training 43 6.14 Review and Revision of the EMP 43 6.15 ESMP Budget and Schedule of Work 43 Chapter 7 Public Consultations 47 7.1 Introduction 47 7.2 The Objectives of Community Consultations 47 7.3 The Stakeholders Consulted and their Concerns 47 CHAPTER 7: SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION 49 REFERENCES 50 APPENDICES 51


v ESMP for Nguzu Edda (Afikpo South LGA Headquarters) Gully Erosion site in Ebonyi State

LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1 Triggered Safeguard polices 5 3.1: Characteristics of the Gully Site 8 3.2: Nguzu-Edda Discharge Values for 50-Year and 100-year Return Periods 10 3.3: Time Concentrate at the End of the Gully 11 3.4: Ambient Noise Levels at project Intervention Zone 13 3.5: Results of Air Quality Measurements Taken at the Proposed Intervention Zone 14 4.1: A Summary of the Outcome of the Consultation Meetings 20 5.1: Consequence Severity, Likelihood Ranking & Risk Matrix Tables 22 5.2: Identified Potential Impacts 25 5.3: Gully Treatment Options 28 6.1: Environmental and Social Management Plan 30 6.2: Environmental Monitoring Plan Construction Phase 42 6.3: Summary of the Planned Stakeholder Engagement Schedule 45 6.4: Institutional Responsibilities 46 6.5: Training Modules on Environmental and Social Management 48 6.6: ESMP Budget and Implementation Schedule 49

LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1.1: Design of Gully control intervention work 3 3.1: Satellite Image of Nguzu-Edda, Afikpo South Gully Erosion Site 9 3.2: Delineated Map of the Proposed Gully Intervention Area 10 3.3: Average Relative Humidity in Study Area for the Period 2002-2012 13 4.1: Religion of Respondents 15 4.2: Primary Occupation of Respondents 16 4.3: Average Monthly Income 16 4.4: Distribution of PAPs by Educational Attainment 17 4.5: Age Distribution and Sex of Respondents 17 4.6: Marital Status and No. of Children of Respondent 17 4.7: Respondents Awareness of Proposed Reclamation Work 18 4.8: Respond Way of Conflict Resolution 19


vi ESMP for Nguzu Edda (Afikpo South LGA Headquarters) Gully Erosion site in Ebonyi State

LIST OF PLATES Plate Page 3.1: Typical Scenes of the Proposed Site 9 4.1: Some of the Stakeholders Met 21

LIST OF MAPS Map Page 1.1 Nigeria in Africa 1 1.2: Ebonyi State in Nigeria 1 1.3: Proposed Intervention Site (Nguzu-Edda) in Ebonyi State 2

LIST OF BOXES Box Page 4.1 A summary of the Outcome of the Consultation Meetings 20

LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix Page

1. Description of the Components of the Project -Engineering Profile of the Civil Works 50

2. Terms of Reference for the ESMP Preparation 51

3. Summary of World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies (10+2) 52

4. Environmental Quality Standards and Criteria - Permissible Levels 76

5. Stakeholders met and Summary of the Meetings, 78

6. Erosion and Sediment Control Measures 80

7. General Environmental Management Conditions For Construction Contracts 84

8. Indicative Framework for Assessing and Mainstreaming Gender Concerns 87


vii ESMP for Nguzu Edda (Afikpo South LGA Headquarters) Gully Erosion site in Ebonyi State

LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1 Triggered Safeguard polices 5 3.1: Characteristics of the Gully Site 8 3.2: Nguzu-Edda Discharge Values for 50-Year and 100-year Return Periods 10 3.3: Time Concentrate at the End of the Gully 11 3.4: Ambient Noise Levels at project Intervention Zone 13 3.5: Results of Air Quality Measurements Taken at the Proposed Intervention Zone 14 4.1: A Summary of the Outcome of the Consultation Meetings 20 5.1: Consequence Severity, Likelihood Ranking & Risk Matrix Tables 22 5.2: Identified Potential Impacts 25 5.3: Gully Treatment Options 28 6.1: Environmental and Social Management Plan 30 6.2: Environmental Monitoring Plan Construction Phase 42 6.3: Summary of the Planned Stakeholder Engagement Schedule 45 6.4: Institutional Responsibilities 46 6.5: Training Modules on Environmental and Social Management 48 6.6: ESMP Budget and Implementation Schedule 49

LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1.1: Design of Gully control intervention work 3 3.1: Satellite Image of Nguzu-Edda, Afikpo South Gully Erosion Site 9 3.2: Delineated Map of the Proposed Gully Intervention Area 10 3.3: Average Relative Humidity in Study Area for the Period 2002-2012 13 4.1: Religion of Respondents 15 4.2: Primary Occupation of Respondents 16 4.3: Average Monthly Income 16 4.4: Distribution of PAPs by Educational Attainment 17 4.5: Age Distribution and Sex of Respondents 17 4.6: Marital Status and No. of Children of Respondent 17 4.7: Respondents Awareness of Proposed Reclamation Work 18 4.8: Respond Way of Conflict Resolution 19


viii ESMP for Nguzu Edda (Afikpo South LGA Headquarters) Gully Erosion site in Ebonyi State

LIST OF PLATES Plate Page 3.1: Typical Scenes of the Proposed Site 9 4.1: Some of the Stakeholders Met 21

LIST OF MAPS Map Page 1.1 Nigeria in Africa 1 1.2: Ebonyi State in Nigeria 1 1.3: Proposed Intervention Site (Nguzu-Edda) in Ebonyi State 2

LIST OF BOXES Box Page 4.1 A summary of the Outcome of the Consultation Meetings 20

LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix Page

9. Description of the Components of the Project -Engineering Profile of the Civil Works 50

10. Terms of Reference for the ESMP Preparation 51

11. Summary of World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies (10+2) 52

12. Environmental Quality Standards and Criteria - Permissible Levels 76

13. Stakeholders met and Summary of the Meetings, 78

14. Erosion and Sediment Control Measures 80

15. General Environmental Management Conditions For Construction Contracts 84

16. Indicative Framework for Assessing and Mainstreaming Gender Concerns 87


ix ESMP for Nguzu Edda (Afikpo South LGA Headquarters) Gully Erosion site in Ebonyi State

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS BOQ Bill of Quantity BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BP Bank Policy CBO Community Based Organization CDD Community Driven Development CDA Community Development Association CDO Community Development Organisation CSO Community Support Organizations DO Dissolved Oxygen DS Dissolved Solids E(S)MP Environmental (and Social) Management Plan EA Environmental Assessment EAR Environmental Audit Report EIA Environnemental Impact Assessment ESA Environmentally Sensitive Areas ESIA Environmental& Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESSO Environmental and Social Safeguard officer FGN Federal Government of Nigeria FMenv Federal Ministry of Environment FPMU Federal Project Management Office GIS Geographic Information System HSE Health Safety and Environment IDA International Development Association IPM Integrated Pest Management LB Land Bureau LFN Laws of the Federation of Nigeria LGA Local Government Area MDAs Ministries, Departments & Agencies MDGs Millennium Development Goals MH` State Ministry of Health MIGA Multilateral Guarantee Agency MOE State Ministry of Environment MoH State Ministry of Housing MOW State Ministry of Works NEEDS National Economic Empowerment & Development Strategy NEWMAP Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project NGO Non-governmental Organization NIWA National Inland Waterways Authority NS Not Specified OD Operational Directives (of the World Bank) OP Operational Policy PPE Personal Protective Equipment RAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework RRC Road Rehabilitation Contractor SEPA State Environmental Protection Agency SMART Specific, Measurable, Achievable and Time-based SMENV State Ministry of Environment SPM Suspended Particulate Matter SPMU State Project Management Office TDS Total Dissolved Solids


x ESMP for Nguzu Edda (Afikpo South LGA Headquarters) Gully Erosion site in Ebonyi State

TOR Terms of Reference TSP Total Suspended Particulate LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS, Cont'd

UNITS OF MEASUREMENT CHEMICAL ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS

cfu/ml Colony forming unit per milliliter cm Centimeter dBA Decibel ft Feet g Gramme k Kilogramme g/cm Gramme per Centimeter Km Kilometer m Meter m3 Meter Cube meq Milliequivalent mg Milligramme mg/Kg Milligramme per Kilogramme mg/l Milligramme per Litre ml Millilitre mm Millimetre m/s Meter per Second NTU Turbidity Unit o/oo Parts per

thousand oN Degree North PH Hydrogen ion concentration ppb parts per billion ppm parts per million ToC Temperature in degrees Celsius

g Microgramme

S micro Siemen

m micrometer % Percentage

Al Aluminum C Carbon Ca Calcium CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate CCl4 Carbon Tetrachloride Cd Cadmium Cl Chloride CO Carbon Monoxide CO2 Carbon Dioxide Cr Chromium Cu Copper Fe Iron H Hydrogen H2O water H2S Hydrogen Sulphide Hg Mercury K Potassium Mg Magnesium Mn Manganese N Nitrogen Na Sodium Na2PO4 Sodium phosphate NaOH Sodium hydroxide NH3 Ammonia NH4

+ Ammonium ion

NH4F Ammonium flouride Ni Nickel NO2

- Nitrite ion

NO3- Nitrate ion

NOX Nitrogen Oxides O2 Oxygen P Phosphorus Pb Lead PO4 Phosphate SiO2 Silicate SO2 Sulphur dioxide SO4 Sulphate ion V Vanadium Zn Zinc


xi ESMP for Nguzu Edda (Afikpo South LGA Headquarters) Gully Erosion site in Ebonyi State

DEFINITION OF SOME TERMS Chutes Formed by battering gully heads to an acceptable slope depending on

the method used to stablise it in order to convey run-off safely to a lower level.

Drop structures Allow run-off to drop vertically to a lower level, where the energy is dissipated before flowing down the watercourse.

Erosion The action of water in which soil and rock material is loosened and removed which could be geological (soil-forming as well as soil-removing) or man-made by clearing, grading, or otherwise altering the land which can greatly accelerate the natural erosion process, including the breakdown of soil aggregates and the increased removal of organic and mineral particles. Erosion of soils that occurs at construction sites is man-made erosion.

Gully erosion Process whereby runoff water accumulates and often recurs in narrow channels and, over short periods, removes the soil from this narrow area to considerable depths.

Gully head Upper part of the gully (in topo-sequence) where the gully starts Gully offset Part of gully area which is located away from the gully embankment and

extended to the next land use type Gully sidewall Part of the gully between the gully offset and gully bed characterized by

high slope gradient, shallow soil depth, susceptible to erosion and mass movement, very dry in most of the time due to less water holding capacity.

Gully bed/floor Part of the gully on top of which the run off flows Gully Diversion Banks Diversion banks divert run-off from the gully head to a stable outlet. Gully control dams Dam is situated so that they 'drown' the gully head when the spillway is

operating. Gully floor stabilisation The long-term success of gully treatment with the establishment of a

good vegetative cover on the gully floor which prevents further gullying and allows the gully floor to gradually silt up reducing the fall over the gully head.

Landslide A down slope movement of rock and soil along a slip surface.

Shale Fine-grained rocks that contain between 50 and 100% clay sized particles with clay mineral constituting at least 25% of the total rock volume.

Structural practices Sediment and erosion control devices used to divert storm water flows away from exposed areas, convey runoff, prevent sediments from moving offsite, and can also reduce the erosive forces of runoff waters.


xii ESMP for Nguzu Edda (Afikpo South LGA Headquarters) Gully Erosion site in Ebonyi State

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES1 Introduction The Government of Nigeria is implementing the multi-sectoral Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP), which is financed by the World Bank, Global Environment Facility, the Special Climate Change Fund, and the Government of Nigeria. NEWMAP finances activities implemented by States and activities implemented by the Federal government. The project currently includes 7 states, namely Anambra, Abia, Cross River, Edo, Enugu, Ebonyi, and Imo. The lead agency at the Federal level is the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV), Department of Erosion, Flood and Coastal Zone Management. State and local governments, local communities and CSOs are or will be involved in the project, given that the project is a multi-sector operation involving MDAs concerned with water resources management, public works, agriculture, regional and town planning, earth and natural resources information, and disaster risk management. The development objective of NEWMAP is: to rehabilitate degraded lands and reduce longer-term erosion vulnerability in targeted areas. The Ebonyi State Government as one of the participating States represented by the State Project Management Unit (SPMU) has selected NguzuEdda gully site, a twin gully head as one of the priority sites for NEWMAP intervention activities. The Nguzu gully site is located in Edda, in Afikpo South Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. The site is located at the administrative headquarters of the Afikpo South Local Government Area, which lies on Coordinates 5.751N° and 7.826E°. The Local Government Headquarters is located on a spur. Available information indicated that the gully developed from the natural runoff channels on the sides of escarpment. The channel expanded over time due to natural and anthropogenic factors to form an active and complex gully that has defied the management efforts of the Local Government Council. The gully erosion site has two active and extensive gullies heads with an average depth of 22.5m and length of 610m and a total Catchments Area of 0.648 km

2. The situation of the gully poses serious threat to lives, properties and administrative

operations of the Local Government Headquarters. ES 2 Project Activities The proposed intervention works shall involve small-sized civil works and use of vegetation for the gullies stabilization, reclamation, protection and reinforcement to stop scouring action of flow velocity due to exposed soil surface. The proposed civil works include stone revetment to reclaim, protect and reinforce exposed soil surface to stop scouring action of water flow velocity with chute channel, stilling basin, apron and installation of rip-rap and gabions mattress at some areas of the gully in addition to the planting of vegetation. The components designed to cover the upstream of the gully to the downstream include the following: Channel, Road, Drains, Culvert, Check dam (3no) and Rip-Rap. The check dams are expected to help reduce the speed of water to the barest minimum as it travels down the slope. At the end of the check dams, there are rip-raps to protect the soil from further erosion. The gully is not developing downstream because the discharge is small. It spreads at the end of the gully and has a shallow flow with small erosive power. For this reason, no protection is required after the last check dam except a reno-mattress and rip rap which will spread the small discharge more and render it non-erosive.


xiii ESMP for Nguzu Edda (Afikpo South LGA Headquarters) Gully Erosion site in Ebonyi State

ES 3 Rational and Objective of the ESMP By design, the proposed intervention works shall involve small-sized civil works and use of vegetation for the gullies stabilization, reclamation, protection and reinforcement to stop scouring action of flow velocity due to exposed soil surface are expected to give rise to some adverse environmental and social impacts in the course of execution. To this end, the World Bank (WB)’ s Operational Policy, OP 4.01 on Environmental Assessment is triggered hence the need to develop a site specific, costed, measurable, and monitorable actions as contained in this Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP). The ESMP consist mainly the mitigation, monitoring, and institutional measures to be undertaken during the implementation and maintenance of the intervention work in order to eliminate adverse environmental and social impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels. It should be noted that a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) designed to identify and assess the displacement of people and assets at the site in the course of work was prepared alongside this ESMP. ES 4 Institutional and Legal Framework for Environmental Management The national and international environmental guidelines applicable to the operation of the NEWMAP have already been discussed in CHAPTER TWO of the ESMF prepared for the overall project. The World Bank has 10+ 2 Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies to reduce or eliminate the adverse effects of development projects, and improve decision making which are summarized in Appendix 3. Of these Safeguard Policies, the intervention work at the proposed site triggers Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) and Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) as indicated in Table 2.1. ES 5 Biophysical Environment and Socio-Economic Characteristics Gully erosion is a geomorphic process which occurs only when a threshold in terms of rainfall, topography, flow hydraulics, nature of vegetation, nature of soil and land use and capability has been exceeded. These are reinforced by human activities leading to further degradation of the environment. Essentially, to this end, the relevant biophysical environmental baseline conditions were captured and described, as presented in CHAPTER 3 of this ESMP. This provides the context upon which the proposed intervention activities were related to the environment to identify the impacts and develop the necessary mitigation measures. The socio-economic characteristics condition of the people of the proposed project location include the following situations, inter alia:. Item Feature Nguzu Edda. Though Afikpo South LG headquarters largely rural setting

Population 157,072 (2006 census) with growth rate of 2.83% and Nguzu Edda is estimated at 59,000 (Male 49% & Female 51%)

Area Coverage 378 km² Settlement Pattern Nucleated People & Religion Igbo and Christians (88%) and traditional worshippers (12%) Economy

Agriculture - major occupation and subsistence with food crops grown including yam, cassava, rice, cocoyam and maize while the cash crops include oil-palm, rubber, cocoa, banana and various types of fruits.

Income of Respondents

31.58% earn below N15,000, 26.32% earn between N15,000 and N30,000.28.95% earn between N30,001 and N60,000. The High income earners i.e. >N60,000 are 13.16%

Education Respondent

Majority (73%) secondary education, 18% had primary education while 9% had tertiary education.


xiv ESMP for Nguzu Edda (Afikpo South LGA Headquarters) Gully Erosion site in Ebonyi State

ES 6 Assessment of Potential Adverse Impacts and Mitigation Measures While the intervention work serves to rehabilitate degraded lands and reduce longer-term erosion vulnerability in the proposed project location, in the course of execution some negative adverse environmental and social impacts have been identified to be fallouts as summarized Table 5.2 of CHAPTER 5. Suffice it to say that these impacts are the short-term construction-related impacts and long-term operation unavoidable impacts. Unless good construction management practices are followed, the short-term construction-related impacts shall include: increased runoff, dust, noise and vibration and social impacts are likely on land use, displacement/interference with abutting assets, traffic and health and safety. The operational Phase are considered permanent and recurring problems and likely to consist mainly of waste generation, creation of standing pools, mud-holes and settling basins for breeding disease-carrying vectors, slips, trips & falls during inspections and maintenance, etc. While, in reality, an erosion control project is not expected to be decommissioned, in the event that this does occur, the likely impacts shall include: soil erosion resulting from improper reinstatement of excavated soil, paved surface or stabilised area with structures, air quality degradation and noise generation in the course of excavation to remove/breakdown structures, hazards/risks and accidents and Waste management problems The mitigation measures aimed at reducing the severity, avoiding or controlling of the identified impacts and where possible enhance environmental and social quality through the designed alternatives, and scheduling or other means have been developed. The measures proposed are specific, measurable, achievable and relevant to the proposed and time based (SMART). The measures also took into account the environmental laws in Nigeria, and internationally and the principles of sustainable development and best available technology. Most of the likely impacts due to the proposed project have been considered in the design and selection of treatment options. Table 6.1 of Chapter 6 outlines a summary of the potential impacts associated with the project, together with corresponding mitigation measures and other institutional responsibility. ES 8 ESMP Implementation and Management The successful implementation of the ESMP depends on the commitment of the sector and related institutions, and the capacity within the institutions to apply or use this ESMP effectively, and the appropriate and functional institutional arrangements, among others. Hence these key ESMP areas relevant to its successful implementation were included in the ESMP, namely: institutional arrangements, capacity building, environmental and social monitoring as contained in CHAPTER 7 of this ESMP. In order to effectively and efficiently implement this ESMP, a system for monitoring and auditing has been built into the overall management plan. Monitoring and auditing assist in the examination of management, employee knowledge, programme responsibilities, records & effectiveness

ES 9 Gender Issues Women are key to ensuring the sensibility and sustainability of the overall project management at the watershed management levels especially. As key players, managers and direct actors in managing natural resources in the watershed areas and addressing the household food security women gender participation is critical. The empowerment of women through generating employment, knowledge and skill development even without formal education would work well collectively through the encouragement of formation of cooperatives amongst them. Income generating activities directly relating to sustainable land and water management through soil, water and biodiversity conservation, including specific technologies


xv ESMP for Nguzu Edda (Afikpo South LGA Headquarters) Gully Erosion site in Ebonyi State

such as natural regeneration of vegetation/tree cover and agroforestry at the local levels should be strengthened amongst the women. The empowerment of women groups is essential for public good, to ensure for every watershed management and opportunities at least 60% of major activities should be targeted at women. A gender study that strives to mainstream gender concerns in the use of, access to and maintenance of the watershed and treated gully areas is relevant. Appendix 10 outlines some information that should be provided in an assessment of the challenges and opportunities for the gender concerns. ES 7 Stakeholders and their Concerns The key stakeholders identified and consulted in the area include leaders in the communities, individual people who own properties that will be directly or indirectly affected, and business owners, etc. At the meeting, the overview of the proposed project and appreciation of ESMP were presented. Furthermore, the challenges that could impede the implementation of the project and the support needed from all parties to ensure effective project and successful implementation were also discussed with the stakeholders. A summary of stakeholder perceptions, concerns and how these concerns were addressed is shown in below with more details of the public consultation in Chapter 7.

summary of the Outcome of the Consultation Meetings Issues/Comments Raised by Communities Response/How they were addressed at the meetings or

by the Project

Our people have previously benefitted from World Bank assisted project before and so are confident that this project is going to be a reality and are eagerly expecting its commencement.

As LGA members, we are happy with the intervention work. Where we have relocated to, though it is well built and modern, the building cannot accommodate all our activities

To what extent will the work go, i.e will it extend to the entryway from the major road to the L. G. A. complex where a new gully heads are forming?

When will the work commence as we do not want any other disaster to happen in this area because of this gully erosion. We have lost a number building to the gully erosion.

As far as we are concerned the project will receive our full support and cooperation.

We thank you for telling us this.

The support of the local government is also appreciated in terms of doing her own bit and rebuilding her structures that could be affected by the intervention work.

No. The intervention is for the major gully behind the Local Government Headquarter which has been abandoned due to the menace of the gully erosion.

Once the preparatory stage has been concluded which include the environmental and social studies and report submitted and approved with other elements of the work completed then it will commence.

We are happy to know this and look forward to the support, especially your taking up the responsibility to rebuild the structures that could be affected in course of the intervention work.

ES 10 ESMP Budget and Schedule of Work ESMPs have associated costs to effectively implement the environmental and social management measures. The Budgets for the ESMP include the environmental management costs other than the good engineering practices, cost of environmental and resettlement monitoring. All administrative costs for implementing the ESMP shall be budgeted for as part of the project costing. The cost of each measure have been estimated and included in the overall ESMP budget is N9, 050,000.00 (Nine Million, Fifty Thousand Naira Only) as indicated in Table a.. The key elements of the implementation schedule and estimated timeline are outlined in Table 6.8.


xvi ESMP for Nguzu Edda (Afikpo South LGA Headquarters) Gully Erosion site in Ebonyi State

Table a: ESMP Budget Summary

S/No Element Responsible N

1 Mitigation Measures SPMU ESSO, Contractor, MH, MOE &

MOW

3,600,000.00

2 Monitoring & Audit Contractors/Site Committee members/SPMU 3,100,000.00

3 Training SPMU , Contractor/HSE Officer, consultant, management

1,500,000.00

Sub-total 8,200,000.00

10% contingency 820,000.00

Grand total 9,050,000.00

ES 11 Disclosures and Public Consultation Plan All reasonable efforts must be made to disclose/display this ESMP to the public at strategic points within the project’s area of influence so as to allow all stakeholders read and understand how they stand to be affected by the project. It should also be disclosed at the Federal Ministry of Environment and the Ebonyi State Ministry of Health and Environment A key element of sustaining stakeholders’ support in any project execution is to consult and communicate with the stakeholders effectively and to engage them as early as possible with the project which has been done in the course of preparation of the intervention work and further enhanced during the preparation of this ESMP. Like any other business function, stakeholder engagement needs to be managed and driven by a well-defined strategy. A Stakeholder engagement plan has been designed to Stakeholder Engagement and Communication Process as shown in CHAPTER 7. ES 13 Summary and Recommendations The proposed intervention work is part of the overall aim to rehabilitate degraded lands and reduce longer-term erosion vulnerability at the proposed site. Inter alia, the intervention at site would ensure:

Reduced loss of infrastructure including roads, houses, etc. Reduced loss of agricultural land and productivity from soil loss caused by surface erosion.

Progressive restoration of vegetative cover, improved environmental conditions and more humid local microclimates expected to increase vegetation cover for wildlife and carbon sequestration.

Environmental improvements due to land stabilization measures which preserve the landscape and biodiversity.

It is expected that multiplier effects such as employment opportunities, poverty reduction, enhanced national reputation and cultural promotion, among others, will ensue. On the other hand, some negative impacts could emanate from the intervention work were identified .Appropriate mitigation measures have been suggested on how to deal with the arising negative environmental and social impacts. Generally, this ESMP has revealed that:

The proposed intervention work is most desirable because of the obvious environmental, health and socio-economic benefits. These far out-weigh the negative impacts that could arise in the course of implementation.

Potential impacts of sufficient magnitude that could interrupt the execution of the project were not detected. Although, there were few negative impacts that may potentially occur due to the activities associated with the proposed works but adequate and SMART measures have been provided to address them.


xvii ESMP for Nguzu Edda (Afikpo South LGA Headquarters) Gully Erosion site in Ebonyi State

Mitigation measures and management plans have been suggested and developed for the negative impacts.

Appropriate institutional framework has been drawn up to implement the mitigation measures and environmental management plan while the proposed monitoring programmes shall be set in motion as soon as possible.

Thus the study has indicated that the proposed intervention work will not severely worsen the existing environmental, social and health as well as safe conditions of the people, generally. This inference is further made strong, owing to the fact that the technical and engineering design as well as other soft interventions such as reforestation for rehabilitating the degraded land and reducing longer-term erosion vulnerability have the potentials to create a more wholesome environmental conditions.


1

CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background The Government of Nigeria is implementing the multi-sectoral Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP), which is financed by the World Bank, Global Environment Facility, the Special Climate Change Fund, and the Government of Nigeria. NEWMAP finances activities implemented by States and activities implemented by the Federal government. The project currently includes 7 states, namely Anambra, Abia, Cross River, Edo, Enugu, Ebonyi, and Imo (Map 1.1). The lead agency at the Federal level is the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV), Department of Erosion, Flood and Coastal Zone Management. State and local governments, local communities and CSOs are or will be involved in the project, given that the project is a multi-sector operation involving MDAs concerned with water resources management, public works, agriculture, regional and town planning, earth and natural resources information, and disaster risk management. The development objective of NEWMAP is: to rehabilitate degraded lands and reduce longer-term erosion vulnerability in targeted areas. The Ebonyi State Government as one of the participating States represented by the State Project Management Unit (SPMU) has selected the Nguzu-Edda gully Erosion site as one of the priority sites to rehabilitate the degraded land. The Nguzu Edda gully erosion site is located in Nguzu Community, a suburban in Edda Clan in Afikpo South Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, South-East Nigeria (Map 1.3). This gully site serves as the administrative headquarters of Afikpo South Local Government Area. The gully has a length of 280m, average width of 35.7m, average depth of 22.5m and a total catchments area of 0.648 km

2.

Globally, the site lies on the Coordinates 5.751N° and 7.826E°. The Local Government Headquarters is located on a spur. The gully developed from narrow valleys which could have provided pathways for run-offs at the Local Government Headquarters. Overtime these valleys developed into an active and complex gully that presently pose serious threat to lives, properties and administrative operations of the Local Government.

Field Work, 2014

Map 1.1: Nigeria in Africa

NIGER

CAMEROON

BENIN

CHAD

GULF OF GUINEA

Ebonyi State

SOKOTO

NIGER

KWARA

KEBBIZAMFARA

KATSINA

KANO

JIGAWA

YOBE BORNO

GOMBEBAUCHI

PLATEAU

TARABA

ADAMAWA

NASARAWA

BENUE

KOGIEKITIOSUN

OYO

ONDO

EDOENUGU

ANAMBRA

KADUNA

LAGOS

DELTA

BAYELSA

RIVERS

IMO ABIA

AKWAIBOM

CROSSRIVER

OGUN

AbujaFederalCapitalTerritory

km 0 50 100 150 200

miles 0 50 100

Map 1.2: Ebonyi State in Nigeria


2

Map 1.3: Proposed Intervention Site (Nguzu-Edda) in Ebonyi State 1.2 The Proposed Intervention Work Essentially, the intervention work shall include the civil engineering designs and vegetative land management measures. The bio-engineering design seeks to provide a more holistic and permanent solution to the gully erosion problem by recognizing three major contending variables, namely: man, earth and rain water. The components designed to cover the upstream of the gully to the downstream include the following: Channel, Drains, Culvert, Check dam (3no) and Rip-Rap (Appendix 1) The gully is not developing downstream because the discharge is small. Thus it spreads at the end of the gully and has a shallow flow with small erosive power. For this reason, according to the designs, no protection have been recommended after the last check dam except a reno mattress and rip rap which will spread the small discharge more and render it non-erosive. With regard to the engineering details of the Intervention Work, the general specifications are as outlined in international best practice standard literature such as British Standards (B.S. 892). The dimensions and the proposed profile drawings are presented in Figure 1.1.

BENUE STATE

ISHIELU

OHAUKWU

EBONYI

IZZI

ONICHA

EZZA SOUTH

ABAKALIKI

EZZA NORTH

IVO

AFIKPO SOUTHAFIKPO NORTH

IKWO

OHAOZARA

CROSS RIVER

STATE

ENUGU

STATE

ABIA STATE

SCALE

10 0 10 20

Local Govt. Boundary

State Boundary

Km.

SCALE

10 0 10 20 Project Location

Local Govt. Boundary

State Boundary

State Capital Federal Highways

Minor Federal Roads

Major State Roads

Km. Minor State Roads

To Enugu

To Iyahe

To Okigwe

To Obubra

To Itigidi

To Nkanu

To Abiriba

To Erei

To Oboloafor

Nguzu Edda

Abakaliki

N


3

Nguzu-Edda Gully Erosion Engineering Report, 2012

Figure 1.1: Design of the Gully control intervention work 1.3 Need for ESMP for the Proposed Intervention Work By design, the proposed intervention works shall involve small-sized civil works and use of vegetation for the gullies stabilization, reclamation, protection and reinforcement to stop scouring action of flow velocity due to exposed soil surface. To this end, this proposed project intervention activity triggers World Bank (WB)’ s Operational Policy, OP 4.01 on Environmental Assessment. In order to develop site specific, costed, measurable, and monitorable actions for the intervention site it became necessary to prepare this Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP). The ESMP mainly consist of mitigation, monitoring, and institutional measures to be undertaken during implementation and maintenance of the intervention work to eliminate adverse environmental and social impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels. It should be noted that parallel to this ESMP, a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), has been prepared to manage issues of involuntary resettlement or displacement that could result from implementation of the intervention work. Also, during the preparatory stage of the project, two national instruments, a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) which provides guidance for the mitigation and compensation of adverse social impacts and an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) which provides guidance on how general environmental and social impacts arising from these will be managed had been prepared. The ESMP and the RAP provides the specific actionable elements of these national instruments.


4

1.4 Objectives of this Environmental and Social Management Plan The overall aim of this ESMP is to document the actions necessary to prevent or minimize predicted negative impacts as well as provide a plan for systematic managing of the responsibilities associated with the proposed works. 1.5 Scope/Terms of Reference of the ESMP and Tasks The Terms of Reference is summarized in Appendix 2 of this ESMP. 1.6 Approaches for Preparing the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) The main approach for preparing the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) include the following: 1.6.1 Literature review Review of the existing baseline information and literature material was undertaken. This assisted in gaining a further and deeper understanding of the project and the environmental and social conditions that exist at the proposed site. Among the documents that were reviewed in order to familiarize and deeply understand the project and the project area included: Nigeria’s National laws and/or regulations on environmental assessments, World Bank Operational Policies, Project Appraisal document, Ebonyi State and Local Government periodicals and manuals and other relevant literature 1.6.2 Interactive Discussions/Consultations As a way of initiating the process of continual consultation and involvement of the public in the project, various discussions were held with some key relevant community groups/CDAs/CBOs and members of the public in the states. In addition, as part of the process of public consultation involvement a program for the disclosure of the ESMP to facilitate the work has been developed. 1.6.3 Field Visits Field visits were made to the intervention site, and in particular the sub-watershed as delimited in the given gully stabilization design. Particular interest was paid to the proposed civil engineering designs, vegetative land management measures and other activities aimed at reducing or managing runoff that would be carried out within the sub-watershed. With this in mind, the natural resources and infrastructure that could be potentially affected during project implementation and operation were identified and assessed. Based on this, the management strategies needed to ensure that environmental risks are appropriately mitigated were designed for the intervention work. The various sites were visited with a view to gathering information on the baseline environmental conditions, institutional arrangement, etc. in relation to the project implementation. The field work informed the preparation of the existing conditions and any anticipated changes before the start of the sub-projects. Attention was paid to the physical environment (i.e. topography, geology, climate and meteorology, surface water hydrology); biological environment (i.e. flora types and diversity, rare and endangered species within or adjacent to projects intervention site, including wetlands, sensitive habitats); and socio-economic and cultural environment, such as population, land use, planned development activities, community structure, employment and labour market, sources and distribution of income, cultural properties – such as historical and archaeological significant sites, indigenous people, and traditional tribal lands and customs). 1.6.4 Identification of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures The potential impacts were identified through generic and specific assessment of the sites for anticipated changes that could result in the light of the socio-environmental conditions (project-environment interactions)

Mitigation measures have been proffered to either eliminate or minimize adverse environmental and social impacts of specific actions, projects or programs while also enhancing positive effects. The approach to mitigation has been primarily preventive principles of anticipated impacts based on well-known negative outcomes of project-environment interactions.


5

CHAPTER 2: INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2.1 Introduction The national and international environmental guidelines applicable to the operation of the NEWMAP have already been discussed in CHAPTER TWO of the ESMF prepared for the overall project. Nevertheless, this CHAPTER presents a succinct discussion of the World Bank Safeguard policies triggered by NEWMAP and the proposed activity. It also provides a Summary of relevant local and federal policy, legal, regulatory, and administrative frameworks. As may be needed, for more details, cross references should be made to the ESMF for the institutional and regulatory framework for this ESMP. 2.2 Summary of Relevant Local and Federal Policy, Legal, Regulatory, and Administrative

Frameworks As mentioned in the introduction above, the relevant national policy, regulatory and administrative framework in relation to the interventions is already presented in the ESMF. Below, an outline of some of the relevant regulatory instruments to this ESMP is given as they relate to the State and Local Government. 2.2.1 State Legislations In consonance with Part lll of the FMENV Act and the need to protect public health and safety, and to restore and enhance environmental quality, and sustain economic vitality through effective and efficient implementation of environmental programmes, the State Government has set up State Ministry of Environment (MoE) that takes charge of Environment affairs in the State. Inter alia, the Ministry is empowered to give direction to all issues concerning the environment, monitor and control pollution and the disposal of solid, gaseous and liquid wastes generated by various facilities in the states. Some of the functions of the State Ministry of Environment include:

(i) Liaising with the Federal Ministry of Environment, FMENV to achieve a healthy or better management of the environment via development of National Policy on Environment

(ii) Co-operating with FMENV and other National Directorates/Agencies in the performance of environmental functions including environmental education/awareness to the citizenry

(iii) Responsibility for monitoring waste management standards, (iv) Responsibility for general environmental matters in the State, and (v) Monitoring the implementation of EIA studies and other environmental studies for all

development projects in the State. Some of the regulations operational in the State include the following 2.2.2 Ebonyi State Ministry of Health and Environment The Ministry is responsible for the health of the State & the attainment of environmental sustainability (MDG 7). With regard to environment, the Key priorities include: Wastes to wealth, Refuse to resources and Trash to cash and Re-enforcement of environmental policies & attraction of NESREA The Ebonyi State Environmental Protection Agency enforces the laws in the State,

2.2.3 Ebonyi State Ministry of Local Government, Chieftaincy Matters & Rural Development The Ministry is saddled with the provision of supervisory roles to the Local Government Areas and Development Centers. It supervises the activities of the Traditional Institutions and monitors developmental activities of Town Unions and Development Associations.

Co-ordinating the activities of Local Government Councils;

http://www.ebonyionline.com/ebonyi-state-ministry-of-health-and-environment/


6

Resolving Local Government and Communal Boundary Disputes;

Maintenance of Law and Order in Local Government Areas in collaboration with Law Enforcement Agencies;

2.2.4 Local Government regulations The Local Government, without any specific laws on environmental management, is charged with the following responsibilities, inter alia:

Co-ordinating the activities of Local Government Council;

Maintenance of Law and Order in collaboration with Law Enforcement Agencies;

Collection of taxes and fees;

Establishment and maintenance of cemeteries, burial grounds and homes for the destitute or infirm

Establishment, maintenance and regulation of markets, motor parks and public conveniences;

Construction and maintenance of roads, streets, drains and other public highways, parks, and open spaces;

Naming of roads and streets and numbering of houses;

Provision and maintenance of public transportation and refuse disposal;

Registration of births, deaths and marriages; 2.3 World Bank Safeguards Policies triggered by NEWMAP and the proposed activity The World Bank has 10+ 2 Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies to reduce or eliminate the adverse effects of development projects, and improve decision making which are summarized in Appendix 3. Of these Safeguard Policies, the intervention work at the proposed site triggers Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) and Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) as indicated in Table 2.1. Table 2.1: Triggered Safeguard Policies

*NA= Not Applicable

Safeguard Policies Triggered by NEWMAP?

Triggered by Site-specific

Project?

Applicability to Project due to

How Project Address Policy Requirements

Yes No Yes No

Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01)

[x] [ ] [x] [ ] Civil works with site-specific impacts

ESMF prepared for NEWMAP & site specific mitigation measures developed in this ESMP

Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04)

[x] [] [ ] [x] NA* NA

Pest Management (OP 4.09)

[x] [] [ ] [x] NA NA

Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11)

[x] [] [ ] [X] NA NA

Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12)

[x] [ ] [x] [ ] Restriction of access to sources of livelihoods.

RPF prepared for NEWMAP & a standalone RAP spells out site specific issues to be addressed & how.

Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10)

[ ] [x] [ ] [x] NA NA

Forests (OP/BP 4.36) [ x] [] [ ] [x] NA NA

Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37)

[x] [] [ ] [x] NA NA

Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60)

*

[ ] [x] [ ] [x] NA NA

Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50)

[x] [] [ ] [x] NA NA

http://www.worldbank.org/environmentalassessment

http://www.worldbank.org/environmentalassessment

http://intranet.worldbank.org/WBSITE/INTRANET/OPSMANUAL/0,,contentMDK:20064724~pagePK:60001255~piPK:60000911~theSitePK:210385,00.html




















7

2.4 Making the ESMP Responsive to Good Practice In order to make the ESMP responsive to the objectives of good practice, the Nigeria’s EIA requirements and World Bank Enironmental Assessment were harmonised as far as possible. The principles inherent in the environmental and social standards of the World Bank Safeguard on Environmental Assessment are in tandem with the FMENV EIA procedures and processes. For instance, World Bank categorization of EA as A, B, & C corresponds in principle with the Nigeria EIA requirements of Category I, II and III, which in actual practice is done with regard to the level of impacts associated with a given project. However, in the event of divergence between the two the most beneficial, environmentally and socially speaking, shall take precedence in the execution of the intervention work and utilization of the ESMP instrument for project implementation


8

CHAPTER 3: BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 3.0 Introduction This CHAPTER provides an overview of the environmental characteristics of the project location and area of influence, particularly those elements of the environment that may be impacted upon by the project and which should be included in the monitoring programme. The environment in this context includes the biophysical components. 3.1 Location and Size The gully erosion site is located in the administrative headquarters of Afikpo South Local Government Area, on the Coordinates 5.751N° and 7.826E° in Nguzu Edda. Nguzu Edda gully is located in Nguzu Community, a suburban in Edda Clan in Afikpo South Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, South-East Nigeria. 3.2 Description of the Proposed Intervention Site The gully erosion has a length of 280 m, average width of 35.7 m, average depth of 22.5 m and it is located on a spur at the Local Government Headquarters (Table 3.1). The gully is made up of 2 gully heads located adjacent to each other, one being the main and the other the finger. The total length of the main gully is about 200 m, while the gully finger is about 80 m. An estimated 16,000 m

3 of soil has been

washed away downstream. Narrow valleys which could have provided pathways for run-offs at the Local Government Headquarters overtime developed into an active and complex gully that pose serious threat to lives, properties and administrative operations of the Local Government Headquarters. Many administrative blocks of the Local Government Council have collapsed into the gully and more are under serious threat. The Local Government Headquarter, in a rural-like setting community of Nguzu Edda., is isolated from other development in the community. There is no development around the immediate vicinity other than the local government structures and the existing natural vegetation and cashew trees which adorn the premises. There are two (2) entrances into the Local Government Headquarters; both of them are in very deplorable conditions because of the effect of run-off water which has further exacerbated the gully erosion along the two roads. At present, the Local Government Headquarters has been relocated away from the site area to a new location within the Edda Community. Plate 3.1 and Map 3.1 depict the scenario of the site environment. Table 3.1: Characteristics of the Gully Site

Gully characteristics Gully baseline conditions

Location Afikpo South Local Government Area Secretariat, Headquarter.

Description: Suburban, scantly dense residential area and partially cultivated, with human activities.

Nature and Extent A very active gully and its widening at the drop of every rain threatening the environment.

Geometry: Length: 280 m

Average top width 35 m

Average bottom width 14 m

Average depth 14 m

Catchments Area 0.528 ha

Severity Very active

NEWMAP Nguzu Edda Geotechnical Survey Report, 2012


9

Field Work 2014 Plate3.1: Typical Scenes of the Proposed Site

Field Work, 2014

Figure 3.1: Satellite Image of Nguzu-Edda, Afikpo South Gully Erosion Site. 3.2.1 The Watershed The watershed is situated in a rural area and therefore the coefficient of runoff used in the Rational formula is 0.44 for the determination of discharge. This was arrived at according to the land use/cover. It has a mean annual rainfall of 2,150 mm. The gully heads are at the summit of the landscape depicted by the contour line of 175 m from the topographic map (Map 3.2). Therefore, the watershed area for creating this gully system is assumed to be contributed by this area. The watershed area for the erosion site is 0.528 ha. The discharges corresponding to this area for different return periods have been calculated using the Rational formula which gives good results for small watershed areas. The results of discharge for 50-year and 100-year return periods are presented in Table 3.2.


10

Table3.2: NguzuEdda Discharge values for 50-year and 100-year return periods

Return Period

50-Year

100-Year

Discharge (m3/s) at Gully Head

0.17

0.5

NEWMAP NguzuEdda Geotechnical Survey Report, 2012

NEWMAP NguzuEdda Engineering Report, 2012 Fig. 3.2: Delineated map of the proposed gully intervention area. 3.3 Biophysical Environment Gully erosion is a geomorphic process which occurs only when a threshold in terms of rainfall, topography, flow hydraulics, nature of vegetation, nature of soil and land use and capability has been exceeded. Essentially, to this end, the relevant biophysical environment components are presented in this baseline condition description. Appendix 4 contains relevant environmental parameters benchmarks. 3.3.1 Hydrological Study Based on a Thirty-One Rainfall Gauge Stations across Nigeria, Mean Annual Rainfall (MAR) values of the zones were interpolated to generate MAR map for Nigeria. With the coordinates of the project site, MAR for the project area was estimated at 2,150 mm. Similarly, the rainfall intensities for the Return Period for 2, 5, and so on up to 100 years were generated as shown in Table 1 for 24-hour duration. It must be noted that the historical rainfall data was modified to take account of extreme climatic change by assuming 20% increase or decrease in the extreme rainfall event. The 24-hour duration rainfall intensities values were used to generate the IDF for the project site using the empirical template adopted for NEWMAP Workshop Clinic at the Calabar, Nigerian January, 2012. After proper delineation of the watershed, the highest points of the overland and channel flow, respectively, for the gully head were determined and computed as depicted above. Similarly, the Time of concentration at the Gully is shown in the Table 4.3.


11

Table 3.3: Time Concentration at the End of the Gully

Lov(m) N H1(m) H2(m) Sov Tov Lch(m) H2(m) Sch Tch Tc

132 0.1 176 175 0.00757 15.1 175 172 15.1

NEWMAP NguzuEdda Hydrological Report, 2012 3.4 Geology The site area falls within the Asu-River Geologic Group (Lower Cretaceous), Eze-Aku shale formation and Nkporo Formations. The Asu-River Group is composed of the oldest sedimentary rock which is made up of an alternating sequence of marine sandy shale, sandstone, limestone and siltstones. They were deposited during the transgression which took place at the beginning of the Albian age. They are poorly fossilized and the fossils are mainly ammonites. According to Orajiaka (1975), these sediments were folded during the Santoniantectonism, which was responsible for the formation of the Abakaliki Anticlinorium and the AfikpoSynclinorium. The EzeAku formation is characterized by hard grey to black shale and siltstone. Sandstones are minor and often lenticular. The site is made up mainly of hydromorphic soils which consist of reddish brown gravely and pale coloured clayey soil. They are mineral soils whose morphology is influenced by seasonal waterlogging caused by underlying impervious shales. The site is located on the southern part of the Ebonyi state which is relatively hilly compared with the northern axis which has a gentle terrain..with the highest elevation 530 ft (162m) above the datum level located at Afikpo, a metropolitan town. 3.5 Soil Studies The site area is made up mainly of hydromorphic soils which consist of reddish brown gravely and pale coloured clayey soil. The soil is rich for agriculture and it supports the growth of yam, cassava, maize, rice, etc. The soil material from the gully site could be classed as silty sand derived from weathered sandstone and limestone in the area. The soil material graded from dark brown to reddish yellow with lenses of grey sandy silt of moderately void ratio .These parameters make the soil in the area very erodible. A soil investigation conducted for the site in October, 2011 by Resource Exploration Engineering Co. Ltd, Kaduna.4.7.1. From the summary of the laboratory test carried out on soil samples from the gully site in (Table 4.3),35 Liquid Limit (LL) ranged from 13 to 49 with average of 37% while Plastic Limit (PL) ranged between 15 to with an average of 28%,and Plastic Index (PI) ranged between 0 (non-plastic) to 14 with an average of 13%. The percentage of materials passing sieve 200 ranged from 9 to 25 with average of 15%. The Optimum Moisture Content and Maximum Dry Density is 6% and 18% respectively. The UndrainedTriaxial test gave the cohesion to be 20 kN/m

2 and the angle of sheer resistance to be 180.

3.6 Geotechnical Survey The geotechnical investigations were made at the gully head and along the gully in order to identify and appreciate the soils quality and evaluate their geotechnical characteristics to aid the design of remedial measures for erosion control. The test results also provided that the material has good shearing strength value and permeability of 1x10-3cm/s (Appendix 4.). 3.7 Flora and Fauna The major characteristic of the vegetation of the intervention area is the abundant combination of varied plant groups whose branches intertwine to form a continuous canopy of leaves within the basin. The predominant vegetation visible along these zones are the grasslands, with scattered forests and woodland areas, as well as tropical rainforest which comprises tall trees with thick undergrowth and less branches. The proposed project area and its surroundings are in the secondary succession Rainforest with a mix of few forest flora. The area is a community of regenerating secondary plants, which has been left to fallow with some pockets of functional and abandoned farmlands, and extensive land being badly eroded


12

The important cultivated plants around the area include the followings, amongst others: are

Common Name Scientific Name

Cassava Manihot esculenta,

Maize Zea mays

Beans Vigna unguiculata

white yam Dioscorea esculenta

Mango Mangifera indica,

Cashew Anarcardium occidentale.

locust bean plant Parkia biglobosa

Butter plant Daniella oliverii

Iron wood Lophira lanceolata Based on interviews with the communities’ members, the wild animals found in the area are giant rat (Cricetaomys gambianus), ground squirrel (Xerus erythropus) and greater cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus), grass cutters, antelopes and wild pigs. Smaller animals such as lizards and skinks, as well as the larger ones like the monitor lizards were sighted including and a number of migratory birds during the field survey while some were seen foraging. The wildlife in the area is said to be greatly reduced because of excessive hunting and farming activities by the people. 3.8 Water Resources and Quality Assessment There are no sources of surface water close to the site and no available ground water source within 700 metres radius of the site. Thus, no water quality assessment was done. No impact is envisaged on this resource. 3.9 Climate and Meteorology of the Study Area The climate of the project area is humid tropics (i.e. semi-hot equatorial). It is controlled by latitudinal locations, prevailing (seasonal) winds and nearness to the Atlantic Ocean. There are two dominant air masses, namely:

(i) The dry Northeasterly Tropical Continental (cT) from across the Sahara, North of the West African region, and

(ii) The wet Southwesterly Tropical Maritime (mT) from across the Atlantic Ocean in the South. Separating the two air masses is an Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), often referred to as Inter-tropical Discontinuity (ITD) or Inter-tropical Front (ITF). The front oscillates with the apparent location of the sun towards the North and South of the equator thereby accounting for the dominant seasons of the area. Marginal alterations are also recorded due to other landform characteristics, especially the dominant ocean currents, configuration of surrounding shoreline and the generally flat topography of the region. Rainfall (i.e. amount and distribution) is the single most important element for defining the climatic seasons in the tropics where the project corridor is located characterized by two dominant seasons; the wet and the dry seasons. Other significant climatic elements in the area are sunshine (hours), atmospheric pressure, wind (direction and speed), and relative humidity. The pattern of some of these elements for the past ten years (2002 - 2012) is highlighted. Rainfall: Rain falls in many months of the year. However, the characteristics vary indirectly with latitudinal location but directly with the location of the ITD and monsoon-initiated winds. Traditionally, onset of rains in the project area actually starts around April, while cessation is about November. Considering the trend of rainfall in the area over a period of 10 years, it was observed that the lowest of about 0mm was recorded in December, while the highest peaked at 431mm in August. Temperature: Temperature values are high throughout the year over the project environment. Mean maximum ambient temperature values range between 32

oC in February and 28

oC in July and September,


13

while minimum temperatures range between 29oC in March and 27

oC in August. A quick overview of the

data indicates that higher temperatures were recorded at the peak of the dry season, between November and May, while lower temperatures were recorded in the rainy season, between June and October. It is obvious that the rains appear to have a moderating influence on temperatures.

Wind Speed and Directions The mean annual wind speed vary between a narrow range of 4.0 and 6.2 m/s. Speeds are higher between July and August, the period of August break. Conversely, at the peak of the rainy season in September and October, wind speeds are lowest, measuring between 4.1and 4.2 m/s. From December, wind speeds begin to rise steadily till March, just before the rain begins and later rises during the August break. There are slightly lower speeds in October/February while high wind speeds are obtained from March to September. The wind pattern follows the migratory ITD. According to the statistics available for the last ten years the prevalent wind directions is South-westerly. Often, the South-westerlies dominate the wetter period of the year in the area while North-easterlies dominate the drier season. Depending on the shifts in the pressure belts in the neighbouring Gulf of Guinea, they are interspersed respectively by South-easterlies and North-westerlies Humidity (RH) RH is usually in excess of 70%, especially during the peak of the wet season (Figure 3.3). This is understandable given the geographical location and the fact that rain falls almost all the year round. Highest values of 78% occur in June to October and the lowest value of 57% was recorded in February.

Figure 3.3: Average Relative Humidity in Study area for the period 2002 – 2012 3.10 Noise Level Assessment The noise level was measured using a sound level meter called N09AQ™ Environment meter, which was calibrated before being used for the analysis. The noise levels were taken at three sampling points; within the proposed site, 30m upwind and 30m downwind. The readings recorded from the digital meter were in decibels dB(A). The meter’s measurement range is between 35-100dB(A). A noise level smart sensor digital level meter measured at different points ranged from 40.1 to 52.1 ɖB(A). The noise values fall within the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMnEv) limits of 50 to 60ɖB(A) for residential areas. The noise level at different points is shown on Table 4.5.

Table 3.4: Ambient Noise levels at project Intervention Zone

S/N NOISE LEVEL (dB) FMENV LIMIT FOR RESIDENTIAL AREAS

N05.75128 E007.82536 1 40.1 50-60

N05.75190 E007.82528 2 42.2 50-60


14

N05.75293 E007.82620 3 52.1 50-60

N05.75115 E007.82586 4 40.1 50-60

N05.75229 E007.82300 5 50.4 50-60

Field Work, 2014 3.11 Air Quality Assessment The results of the baseline in-situ ambient air quality assessment were based on direct measurements using potable gas analyzers. The ambient air quality around the proposed project area was measured at three points around the project area. The air quality parameters were measured using the MultiRae™ 11 digital gas monitor. The levels of the air quality parameter measured are shown in Table 4.6. With the exception of hydrogen sulphide, Ammonia and oxides of sulphur level in proposed intervention area which was Not Detected (ND), the level of Nitrogen and Carbon monoxide gasses in the area was within the Federal Ministry of Environment’s limit for the gaseous compounding the proposed project area. The value for the Nitrogen oxide gas was uniform across the three sampled stations, and carbon monoxide (0.5ppm) gas was only detected at the last sampled site (station 3). If these gasses exceed the above threshold levels, its major effects are respiratory problems. CO emission is usually caused by incomplete combustion of fuels. The levels of suspended particulate matters range from 26 to 60µg/m-

3, and the values are below the

threshold limits set by the Federal ministry of Environment (FMEnv). Table 3.5 Results of Air Quality measurements taken at the proposed intervention zone

Stations Coordinates Parameter (µg/m3)

NOx

(ppm) SOx

(ppm) CO (ppm)

H2S (ppm)

NH3

(ppm) SPM ug/m

3

VOC (CH4)

N05.75128 E007.82536 0.50 <0.01 <0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.01 26.00 10

N05.75190 E007.82528 0.50 <0.01 <0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.01 43.00 ≤0.01

N05.75293 E007.82620 0.50 <0.01 0.5 ≤0.01 ≤0.01 60.00 25

N05.75229 E007.82300 0.04 <0.01 0.1 ≤0.01 ≤0.01 51.00 <0.01

FMENV LIMIT 75.00 26.00 10.00 <0.01 0.20 250.00 160.00

Field Work, 2014 3.12 Environmentally Sensitive Areas There are no threatened or endangered species — Plants and Animals reported in the zones. Also there are not any areas on or around the locations which contain important high quality or scarce resources which could be affected by the Project. There are no areas on or around the gully corridors that are occupied by sensitive land uses such as Schools, Places of worship and Community facilities except the local government structures which the RAP has taken care of in terms of management.


15

CHAPTER FOUR SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS 4.1 Introduction This CHAPTER focuses on the socio-economic characteristics condition of the people of the proposed project location include the following situations, inter alia: Item Feature Nguzu Edda. Though Afikpo South LG headquarters largely rural setting

Population 157,072 (2006 census) with growth rate of 2.83% and Nguzu Edda is estimated at 59,000 (Male 49% & Female 51%)

Area Coverage 378 km² Settlement Pattern Nucleated People & Religion Igbo and Christians (88%) and traditional worshippers (12%) Economy

Agriculture - major occupation and subsistence with food crops grown including yam, cassava, rice, cocoyam and maize while the cash crops include oil-palm, rubber, cocoa, banana and various types of fruits.

Income of Respondents based on Field Survey

31.58% earn below N15,000, 26.32% earn between N15,000 and N30,000.28.95% earn between N30,001 and N60,000. The High income earners i.e. >N60,000 are 13.16%

Education based on Field Survey from Respondent

Majority (73%) secondary education, 18% had primary education while 9% had tertiary education.

4.2 Transport Accessibility to Site The journey to Nguzu Edda is a long one. The road meanders through villages and goes through undulating hills and valleys. A visitor coming from the state capital, Abakaliki would first pass through Abakaliki-Afikpo road and then terminate in the Afikpo-Okigwe express road. It is worthy to note that the Abakaliki-Afikpo Road is in a terrible state of disrepair. The Abakaliki-Afikpo road forms a “T” junction with Afikpo-Okigwe Road at the Afikpo end of the road. A right turn at that junction brings us to Amasiri junction after about 2 kilometers journey. A left turn at Amasiri junction brings us to Nguzu Edda Road. In the State a total of 755.545Km of roads are tarred Some of the towns along the road include Amangwu-Edda, Owutu-Edda, Itim-Edda, Igbara-Edda, Ebonwana-Edda, Ogwuma-Edda, Ekoli-Edda before arriving at Nguzu Edda which hosts the Local Government Headquarters and the gully erosion site. The Local Government Headquarters is located at the right hand side of the road on top of a hill. The erosion site is directly located behind the Local Government Headquarters. Other access roads, which may be too long a journey, is either through Ohafia town or Umuahia town all in Abia State. The road connecting the two towns has a bus stop at Nguzu Edda junction. 4.3 Settlement Pattern: The nucleated form of settlement in the Afikpo sub-region consists of a compact grouping of compounds. The homesteads are concentrated in predefined areas, while the farmlands are separated away from the residential areas. In other words, two major land use zones exist in this case: the residential zone and the


16

farmlands. In some areas, these farmlands are in the form of seasonal gardens intermittently located in-between major communities (made up of tens of villages) Geographic and cultural reasons have often been offered as accounting for their clustered settlement form. 4.4 The People and Religion Christians constituted 88% of the respondents while the remaining 12% are traditional worshippers. There was no Muslim respondent found along the corridor (Fig. 4.1).

Fig 4.1: Religion of respondents 4.5 Economy Agriculture, which employs 70% of the state’s workforce, is the main economic sector of the area and is responsible for 27% of the GDP. With its adequate seasonal rainfall, the project area produces yams, maize, potatoes, rice, cashews, plantains, and cassava. Like most communities in Nigeria, agriculture is the predominant activity of the people. Agriculture is the major occupation of the people and about 70 per cent of the population is engaged in it. Subsistence farming is prevalent and farming is determined mainly by the seasonal distribution of rainfall. The main food crops grown are yam, cassava, rice, cocoyam and maize while the cash crops include oil-palm, rubber, cocoa, banana and various types of fruits. Modern poultry has been introduced and is practiced by a good number of people; hence there is adequate supply of eggs and other poultry products in the state. 4.6 Occupation and Livelihood Ethnically, the people are widely known to be very resourceful, hardworking, sociable, friendly, accommodating and peace loving. They are highly enterprising and are reputed for their business acumen. Skilled manpower resources are readily available in every field of human endeavour. Majority (75%) of the community members are predominantly farmers, while 8% are civil servant, 4% of the respondents trades to makes ends meet (Figure 4.2). The remaining 13% do other business such as Artisans (which is another primary occupation here), carpenter, etc. According to Figure 4.3, 31.58% of the respondents earn below N15,000, while 26.32% of them earn between N15,000 and N30,000.28.95% of the respondents earn between N30,001 and N60,000. The High income earners i.e. >N60,000 are 13.16% who carry out other different forms of business that were not readily identified.

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHRISTIAN

MUSLIM

TRADITIONAL

%

REL

IGIO

N

RELIGION OF RESPONDENTS


17

Fig. 4.2: Primary Occupation of Respondents Fig. 4.3: Average Monthly Income

4.7 Education Based on the questionnaire administered, the evaluation as shown in Fig 4.4 revealed that majority (48%) of the identified respondents have secondary school qualification and least (6%) are those with no formation education

Fig. 4.4: Educational Attainment of Respondents 4.8 Age, Sex and number of Children of Respondents The study revealed that most of the respondents (43%) were within the age bracket of 46-55 years old, 21% of the respondent age is above 65 years of age, the age bracket of 56-65 recorded was 16% and 36-45years are 10%. Those in the age bracket of 26-35 years old are 8% only (Fig. 4.5). Only 2% of the respondent fall within 18-25 years old, while there was no respondent found within the age bracket of less than 18years of age. About 80% of the identified persons were males, while the remaining 19% are females

Age of respondents (years) Sex of respondents

Fig 4.5: Age Distribution and Sex of Respondents Fig 4.6 shows that the majority of the respondents in the studied communities are married (79.31%), while 6.9% are single. The remaining 13.79% are either widow/widowers.

020406080

%

Occupation

RESPONDENTS OCCUPATION

0

20

40

%

Income in Naira

RESPONDENTS AVERAGE MONTHLY INCOME IN NAIRA

No Formal Educa…

Primary Educati

on …

Secondary

Educa…

Tiertiary 24%

Education

0204060

%

age 81%

19%

Sex of Respondent

MALE

FEMALE


18

Household size refers to the total number of persons living together as a family unit sharing basic facilities such as shelter, kitchen and so on. The study revealed that respondents who claimed that they were with no child, wife or husband account for 19%, 21% of the respondents have between 1 and 2 members and those with 3 and 4 members account for 24%, while 22% of the respondents have between 5 and 6 members. Some (14%) of the respondents have more than six or more members.

Marital status Respondents Household size

Fig 4.6: Marital Status and No. of Children of Respondent 4.9 Awareness of the Proposed Intervention Project Many of the respondents (94%) are aware that work is about to start on the gully corridor and see it as a welcome development while the remaining 6% are not aware(Fig 4.7).

Fig 4.7: Respondents Awareness of Proposed Reclamation Work 4.10 Respondents Important Valuables to be protected The erosion site rehabilitation activity is not envisaged to acquire new land. If at all, acquisition will not extend beyond the required space for remedial works within the 15m set back from the edge of the gully and area that will serve as camp, where equipment and materials will be stored and used. The site camp for equipment shall be carefully selected to avoid impacting on any social means of people. Based on the engineering design, the work is not expected to have adverse impact on the social life of people. As much as possible, activity inducing adverse impact has been avoided. The potential negative impacts that have been identified based on the inventory carried out are summarized below: No agricultural resources and other utilities have been identified to be within the setback that would be affected in the course of work or constitute hindrance to project activities. No vulnerable groups have been identified since it is only the local government secretariat that is affected. Only three permanent structures of the Afikpo South Local Government Council Headquarters secretariat shall be affected in the course of work. As at the time of this study, the Local Government Council Office had already been relocated to a different area within the community far away from the gully site. No relocation site is thus required during the intervention work.

NONE 19%

1-2 21% 3-4

24%

5-6 22%

> 6 14%

Household size of Respondent

0100

Yes No Don’t know

Series1 94 6 0

%

Respondents Awareness


19

4.11 Conflict Resolution While Court is seen as good to settle most issues (9%), as many as 91% of the respondents consider informal reconciliation with community leaders as the best with less acrimony (fig 4.8).

Fig:4.8 Respond way of conflict Resolution 4.12 HEALTH STATUS ASSESSMENT This sub-section presents the baseline health data of communities in the project territory. It is comprised mainly of information (perception) generated from sampled groups around the project site and members of the communities. 4.12.1 Respondents Common Health Problems Some of the respondents (43.5%) indicated that malaria was the most prevailing health problems, followed by typhoid fever (18%). Other health problems mentioned by the respondents include pile, dysentery, ringworm, measles, asthma, rheumatism, tuberculosis, and cough (38.5%). 4.12.2 Awareness of HIV/AIDS Overall,85.5% of respondents confirmed that they were aware of HIV/AIDS but only 0.9% admitted knowing persons living with HIV/AIDS. This implies the incidence of awareness is high. 4.12.3 Awareness of Malaria Many respondents had fever several times in the last one year. 17.7% of respondents had fever than 4 times, 15.2% three times, 14% twice and 20.8% once. This demonstrates that there was a recurring high incidence of fever among respondents in the last one year. 4.12.4 Respondents Opinion on Causes of Health Health problems are commonly traced to the causes. The respondents identified lack of or poor basic infrastructure (32.5%), bad weather condition (12.7%) and poor economic situation (52%) as the priority cause of their health problems. 4.12.5 Risk of Health Problem as a result of the Intervention Work Almost all respondent (94.7%) are of the opinion that they were not at risk of any health problem as regards the intervention work. The remaining respondents were not sure or feel they were at risk of health problems. 4.12.6 Availability of Health Care Facility Majority of respondents 89% stated that they were aware of health facilities in their communities while others indicated lack of knowledge of the existence of health care facility in their communities. As to the patronage, 67% visit the health care facility and the remaining 33% do make with traditional method of treatment.

9%

91%

Preferred ways of Conflict Resolution

COURT COMMUNITY LEADERS


20

CHAPTER 5: ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS AND ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5.1 Introduction This CHAPTER contains a summary of the impacts that are likely to result from the intervention work as a result of the interaction between the project components and the environmental elements. The method employed for impact identification and evaluation is also given in this CHAPTER. 5.2 Impact Identification and Evaluation The identification and management of impacts associated with work activities were based on a risk assessment method which involves:

Identification of intervention activities that may interact with the site environment.

Implementing controls to reduce the risk of impacts.

Monitoring the effectiveness of the controls. The key activities of the proposed intervention work were identified and then interacted through the pathways (or events) that may cause impacts on the environment. The associated potential impacts where then identified and listed. The risk of the impacts occurring was analysed by determining the consequence severity of the impacts and the likelihood of consequences occurring. The severity of the consequences was determined using a Consequence Severity Table and the likelihood of an impact resulting from a pathway was determined with a Likelihood Ranking Table, and then the level of risk was determined using a Risk Matrix (Table 5.1). To prevent or minimise the impacts, controls were placed on the pathways in this order of priority:

Elimination of the activity.

Substitution with a lower risk activity.

Best solutions (engineering and administrative) to reduce the impact of the event and/or control the activity.

Clean up or remediation measures to mitigate impacts after an event. Table 5.1: Consequence Severity, Likelihood Ranking & Risk Matrix Tables

Consequence Severity Table

Level Consequence

1 Insignificant No detectable impact to the existing environment

2 Minor Short term or localized impact

3 Moderate Prolonged but recoverable impact on the environment and commercial industries

4 Major Prolonged impact to the environment that may not be recoverable and threatens an ecological community, the conservation of species or the sustained viability of commercial industries.

5 Catastrophic Non-recoverable change to existing environment leading to loss of endangered species or creation of human health risk.

Likelihood Ranking Table

Level Likelihood

A Almost certain

The incident is expected to occur most of the time (i.e. every time).

B Likely The incident will probably occur in most circumstances (i.e. regularly, weekly)

C Moderate The incident should occur at some time (i.e. quarterly)

D Unlikely The incident could occur at some time during the life of the project.

E Rare The incident may occur only in exceptional circumstances or may never happen.


21

Table 5.1: Consequence Severity, Likelihood Ranking & Risk Matrix Tables, cont’d Risk Matrix Table

Where:

H (High impact) - Senior management involvement and planning needed S (Significant impact) - Senior management attention needed and careful planning and

implementation M (Moderate) - Impact Management responsibility must be specified L (Low impact) - Manage by routine procedures.

5.3 Potential Impacts of the Project 5.3.1 The Project Benefits The project is envisaged to have a range of positive environmental and social impacts. Some of these are a function of the objectives of the project, while others are a function of the way in which the project is designed to meet its objectives. The major benefits will occur in the form of improved erosion management and gully rehabilitation which will provide for:

Reduced loss of infrastructure including roads, houses, etc.

Reduced loss of agricultural land and productivity from soil loss caused by surface erosion.

Reduced siltation in rivers leading to less flooding and the preservation of the water systems for improved access to domestic water supply.

Reduced risks of floods (due to reduced siltation)

Progressively restored vegetative cover, improved environmental conditions and more humid local microclimates. This results in increased vegetation cover for wildlife and carbon sequestration.


5.3.2 Negative Impacts The proposed activities unfortunately are also likely to exert adverse impacts on the social and physical environment within which it is executed. These impacts can be divided into short-term construction related impacts and long-term operation unavoidable impacts. The short-term impacts include construction traffic, dust, construction related noise, and disruption of vehicle and pedestrian traffic. A more project specific potential negative impacts and the level of impacts that could emanate from the projects are summarized below according to the phase (Table 5.2). 5.3.2.1 Construction Phase Significant environmental impacts during construction are: Erosion and siltation, Increased runoff and flooding, Destruction of habitat and degradation of biodiversity, Air pollution, Water pollution and Noise pollution. In other words, the most damaging impact normally occurs during the construction stage.


22

Generally, due to the type, duration and nature of construction activities envisaged, the anticipated environmental impacts are not expected to be significant. Construction activities are one time activities and not permanent, about six months - one year. Based on the duration of the construction activities, impacts associated with construction activities are rated “Low” on duration. Nevertheless, unless good construction management practices are followed, the short-term construction-related impacts shall include impacts such as increased runoff, dust, noise and vibration. Social impacts are likely on land use, displacement/interference with abutting assets, traffic congestion and health and safety.

5.3.2.2 Operation Phase The operational Phase could be seen as the long-term, permanent activity and thus impacts under this as well as their management issues are considered recurring problems. Therefore, the impacts are expected to be long-term operation and unavoidable impacts. These are likely to consist mainly of waste generation due to the activities of the users, and also due to inspection, maintenance, etc. 5.3.2.3 Decommissioning Phase In reality, an erosion control project is not expected to be decommissioned. In case this project is decommissioned, the likely impacts are as follows:

Soil erosion resulting from improper reinstatement of excavated soil, paved surface or stabilised area with structures

Air quality degradation and noise generation in the course of excavation to remove/breakdown structures

Hazards/risks and accidents

Waste management problems 5.3.3 Irreversible Environmental Changes The proposed project sites will neither consume nor alter significant land, environmental and socio-cultural resources. The proposed project will not generate other significant demands on natural resources of the immediate or surrounding area nor disturb archaeological sites. Thus no long-term losses of significant resources are anticipated during the intervention works. 5.3.4 Cumulative /Secondary Impacts Cumulative impacts are changes to the environment that are caused by an activity in combination with other past, present and future human activities. The concept of cumulative effects is an important one. It holds that while impacts may be small individually, the overall impact of all environmental changes affecting the receptors taken together can be significant. When a resource is nearing its tolerance threshold, a small change can push it over. The objective of the cumulative impact assessment is to identify the environmental and/or socio-economic aspects that may not on their own constitute a significant impact but when combined with impacts from past, present or reasonable foreseeable future activities associated with this and/or other projects, result in a larger and more significant impacts. The envisaged cumulative /secondary impacts arising from the intervention works is considered minimal. This is based on the fact that the project area is not located close to any environmental sensitive area or human habitation; there is no known environmental degrading facility close to the project location. Most importantly, the project is an intervention work to rehabilitate devastated environment, per se. Thus, no environmentally disruptive impacts are associated cumulatively. The project plan includes the planting of vegetation which are environmentally supportive. 5.3.5 Environmental justice The intervention activity serves the entire public since the Secretariat Premises provides a service hub for all within the local government area and beyond. Thus it is not meant for a particular section of the society. The neighborhood within which the intervention will take place will rather be enhanced and not affected negatively by the physical environmental impacts more than other areas.


23

Table 5.2: Identified Potential Impacts S/N Envisaged Activities Potential Impact +/- Impact level

N L M H

A

Planning & Preparatory activities Civil Work Construction

1. Movement of Equipment & materials

Dust raising and noise generation

Increase in noise nuisance

Accidents

- X

2. Land acquisition for right of way

Displacement of asset

Negative perception and discontent expressions by members of the community.

- X

B Construction

BIOPHYSICAL ISSUES

1 Site clearing of set-back from edge of gully

Removal of Flora & fauna

- X

Earthworks - Excavation, grading, compaction, filling and other civil works

Increase in the amount of disturbed soil and could in turn increases the amount of erosion that can occur.

Increase sedimentation and runoff

Risk of pollution to any water courses downslope

Destruction of visual scenery

Damage to abutting land use construction sites

- x

2. General Treatment of the gully erosion

Failure due to poor integration between physical and biological measures.

Failure to complete the treatment works for any reason – tantamount to not getting the required protection and a waste of time and resources.

+/- x

3. Gully Stabilisation/Use of Vegetation as control & buffers Grass-lined Channel (Turf reinforcement mats)

Failure of lined drainage channels and energy dissipaters after major storms

Debris/ sediment accumulation in outlets and points where concentrated flow enters the channels, bank instability, and scour holes developing

- x

4. Structural Erosion and Sediment Control Practices - Structural practices used in sediment and erosion control to divert storm water flows away from exposed areas, convey runoff, prevent sediments from moving offsite, and can also reduce the erosive forces

Drainage lines and ephemeral waterways may have areas that could be ‘erosion starters’.

Degrade water quality downslope

Alteration of local hydrology

Damage of valuable ecosystems and habitats

The release of fine sediments and turbid water into water body can adversely affect the health and biodiversity of aquatic life in water body downstream, increase in the concentration of nutrients and metals, reduce light penetration into the water

- x

7 Use of heavy Equipment on site and

Vibration generate lateral waves to the - x


24

S/N Envisaged Activities Potential Impact +/- Impact level

N L M H

transport vehicles on the public roads

surrounding structure and could lead to failure

Contaminate ground or surface water when hydraulic oil, motor oil or other harmful mechanical fluids are spilled

Noise generation and air quality degradation, especially dust

Sediment transport from the site onto public roads or adjacent properties via the wheels, chassis and side of vehicles.

Disruption of visual scenery

8. Construction camp and crew

Soil contamination, Unhygienic work environment and disturbance of the neighbourhood

Dis-affection in the community

- x

9. Storing Materials/

Loss of the stockpiled material

Damage to valuable ecosystems and habitats

Leaks of hazardous materials from equipment or storage

- x

10 Social Issues Poor social interaction between community members and workers (from another social setting).

- x

11 Waste/Spoil disposal High volume of waste/spoil

Spoil tipped away from designated areas

- x

13 Local culture and society Socio-cultural values may be altered and the stability of communities adversely affected by presence of construction workers in the area

Exposure to rapid social change or tourism.

- x

14 Land use/Land take Displacement of assets or means of livelihood

- x

15 Utility Disruptions Construction activities and the need to realign utility supply lines

- x

16 Quarry for fill materials

Use of agricultural land

Exposure of other erosion prone sites

- X

17 Site Work – occupational &Public Safety and Health

Excavation exposes inhabitants and crew to risk of falls and injuries in excavation pits

Use of equipment and movement of vehicles includes accident rates/ traffic hazards.

Burrow Areas for fill materials could lead to accidents

Exposure to atmospheric emissions from construction equipment

Exposure to excessive and continuous noise and vibration from construction

- x


25

S/N Envisaged Activities Potential Impact +/- Impact level

N L M H

activities

Risk of water source pollution

Dust emission

C Operation and Maintenance

1 Maintenance

Poor maintenance create gullies and standing pools

Create mud-holes, potholes

Breed disease vectors in settling basins and retention ponds

- X

D Decommissioning

1 Break up old surface and soil, etc.

Cause soil erosion

Degrade water quality

Dust generation

Damage valuable ecosystems and habitat

Disruption of the secondary/ newly emerged flora

- x

*N = Neutral, L=Low, M=Moderate, H = High 5.4 Analysis of Project Alternatives In the context of this ESMP, analysis of project alternatives refers to the performance of the natural and socio-economic resources with or without the project or with or without the implementation of the measures of this ESMP and/or other safeguard instrument considered appropriate. For this intervention work, a number of viable options that can be considered include: the no project option; delayed project; alternative site/location and project execution option presented as follows: 5.4.1 No Project Option The no project option implies that the intervention work shall not be executed; hence there is no need to carry out this study. This option is environmentally friendly as the site will remain in its current state and perhaps widen due to natural forces without even any interference from man. Nevertheless, this situation will worsen and put the activities of man and the environment into further jeopardy since the area is already exposed to the forces of erosion. The intervention work is designed to stop these forces and mitigate any negative impacts that may arise. Therefore, choosing the no project option will mean a loss of efforts made by all parties to ensure the erosive forces do not continue to pose risk to lives and the environment and even loss of job opportunity to Nigerians. The ‘no project option’ is therefore not considered a viable option. 5.4.2 Delayed Project Option This option implies that the planned intervention be delayed until a much later date. Such option is usually taken when conditions are unfavourable to project implementation such as in heavy rainfall, war situation, or where the host community is deeply resentful to it. Also, if the prevailing economic climate is not quite favourable, then delayed option may be feasible. None of these conditions is applicable at present. Further delay will mean the onset of heavy rainfall that is not favourable for the proposed treatment method. At present, both the economic and the political environment and natural environmental phenomena are most favourably disposed towards it. Therefore, the implication of delayed project option will mean that all the preliminary work and associated efforts/ costs incurred would have come to nothing. Also, because of inflationary trends, such a delay may result in unanticipated increase in project costs, which may affect the final target from the project. These, and other related problems make adopting the delayed option impracticable.


26

5.4.3 Go Ahead Option This option means going ahead to implement the intervention work. This also entails incorporating professional advice on the most practicable option such as are spelt out in this ESMP and other relevant safeguard instruments and/or best practices relating to the execution of the intervention. This will definitely reassure the public of their safety and the environment. It will also aid employment creation. The environmental threats from the gully erosion will be reduced drastically, if not totally solved in that area. This option is therefore considered the most viable and recommended for implementation. However, in going ahead, appropriate measures for the gully treatment must be adopted and applied. 5.4.4 Gully Treatment Option Treatment of gullies depends on a range of factors including: the size of the gully, whether it is actively eroding or not, the soil type, the size and frequency of water flow, the gradient of the area and the desired use of the land after rehabilitation. The situation of the proposed intervention area shows that the best option to be employed, especially at the gully head is Filling and compaction at Gully Heads with imported materials: The 2 gully heads are very close to offices and dwellings preventing the option of re-profiling, hence gully shall be filled with imported materials with slope batter of 1V:2H to reclaim part of the gully heads. The design of remedial works includes the following components:

i. Filling and compaction of imported material to reclaim the main and finger gully heads including slope batter, and protection with grassing.

ii. Provision of reinforced concrete diversion/collector drain across the community upstream of the gully dimensions 0.5 m wide X 0.5 m deep, to capture direct run-off running into the finger gully head. This would discharge into a catch pit at the main gully head.

iii. Provision of 0.75 m wide x 0.7 m deep chute channel with transition from 0.75 m to 1 m just before the stilling basin on fill slope to stilling basin at gully bed. Total elevation drop is 22 m.

iv. Provision of 1 m wide by 1.8 m deep by 4.5 m long stilling basin at gully bed. v. Gabion 6 numbers check dams along the gully bed. vi. Re-vegetation with local/domesticated grasses and trees. vii. Provision for topographic surveying and materials testing prior to, and during construction. viii. Demolition and removal of existing failed concrete structures. ix. Clearing and compaction to create access road to construction site. x. Maintenance and monitoring throughout the life of the gully structures.


27

CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.1 Introduction In order to ensure that environmental and social management objectives and actions are integrated into the project planning and design based on identified impacts, this CHAPTER has been developed. It provides specific description of the impacts identified, mitigation measures as well as the institutional arrangements, i.e. who is responsible for carrying out the mitigating and monitoring measures (for operation, supervision, enforcement, monitoring of implementation, remedial action, financing, reporting and staff training). The ESMP is implemented during the construction phase and, thereafter, throughout the project life cycle up to, and including, decommissioning. 6.2 Mitigation Measures The mitigation measures are activities aimed at reducing the severity, avoiding or controlling project impacts and where possible enhance environmental quality through the designed alternatives, scheduling or other means. Mitigation may be in the form of avoidance (alternative action taken to avoid impact), compensatory payment of money or replacement in kind for losses or recreation of lost/damaged habitat. The measures proposed are specific, measurable, achievable and relevant to the proposed and time based (SMART). The measures also took into account the environmental laws in Nigeria, and internationally and the principles of sustainable development and best available technology. Most of the likely impacts due to the proposed project have been considered in the design and selection of treatment options. Table 6.1 outlines a summary of the potential impacts associated with the project, together with corresponding mitigation measures and other institutional responsibility. 6.3 Residual Impacts after Mitigation Residual Effects can be considered as those that remain significant following the application of mitigation measures, although they are likely to have been reduced in magnitude as a result of the mitigation measure implemented. Overall, on balance, with the provision of the proposed mitigation measures as outlined in Table 6.1, the positive impacts of the scheme will considerably outweigh the negative impacts. The public as a whole will benefit from the completion of the scheme. Once the mitigation measures outlined are implemented, the residual impact of construction and operation on the different elements identified will not be significant. 6.4 Enhancement of Positive Impacts and Reduction/Avoidance of Negative Impacts. A Mechanism for Enhancement of Positive Impacts and Reduction/Avoidance of Negative Impacts has been developed as shown in Appendix 6 in relation to the

Project Concept and design,

Construction and Operation,

Control of Earthworks and

Erosion and Sediment Control Plan,

Control of Water Quality, Waste Management,

Control of Air and Noise Pollution

Environmental Code of Conduct for tender documents and

Social Integration and Participation All these management programmes have been developed as part of the ESMP to make it effective and functional. Appendix 7 highlights the General Environmental Management Conditions For Construction


28

Table 6.1: Environmental and Social Management Plan

S/N Activities

Envisaged

Potential Impact Mitigation measures

Monitoring

Indicators

Frequency Responsibilit

y

Cost (N)

A Moblisation/ Preparatory activities

1. Movement of

Equipment &

Materials

Dust raising and

noise generation

Noise

Increase in noise nuisance

Raise public awareness of unusual activity

Plan activities such that Regulatory limits are

not exceeded

Levels in relation to

regulatory limits

lower, Number or

absence of public

complaints

During

Moblisation/a

ctual

movement to

the

site/staging

Contractor,

SPMU

Environmental

and Social

Safeguard

officer

150,000.00

2 Movement of

Equipment &

Materials

Reduction in air

quality due to

vehicular movement

Employ fuel efficient and well-maintained

haulage trucks with proper exhaust system to

minimize emissions.

All parked vehicles on the site shall have their

engines turned off;

Service vehicles as at when due and stick to

manufacturers’ specifications in use

Develop and follow a controlled fueling,

maintenance and servicing protocol

Levels in relation to

regulatory limits,

Number or absence

of public complaints

During

Moblisation/a

ctual

movement to

the

site/staging

Contractor,

SPMU

Environmental

and Social

Safeguard

officer

3. Movement of

Equipment &

Materials -

Health & Safety

Issues -

Accidents -

Movement of heavy

equipment to

worksite which may

pose danger to

public

Place visible warning signs on roads and

vehicles

Raise public awareness of unusual activity

Zero accident/No of

accidents

During

Moblisation/a

ctual

movement to

the

site/staging

Contractor,

SPMU

Environmental

and Social

Safeguard

officer

Sub-total 150,000.00

B. Construction

BIOPHYSICAL ISSUES

1 Site clearing of

set-back from

edge of gully

Removal of Flora

&fauna

Displacement of

asset

Perform clearance in stages

Develop compensation plan for displaced asset

in line with the RAP that was prepared where

only the LG was identified as the only PAP

Absence of land

degradation due to

avoidable vegetation

clearance/no scar,

absence of complaint

from

PAP/communities

Once during

site

clearance

SPMU ESSO,

Contractor,

MH, MOE &

MOW, MoE

50,000.00 +

Payment via

RAP


29


S/N Activities

Envisaged


Monitoring

Indicators


y

Cost (N)

2. General

Treatment of the

gully erosion,

Failure due to poor

integration between

physical and

biological measures.

Failure to complete

the treatment works

for any reason –

tantamount to not

getting the required

protection and a

waste of time and

resources.

Careful planning and attention to detail

Remove the cause of the gullying. Ensure

quality work

Do gully filling only after the water flow that

caused the gully has been controlled or diverted

above the gully head. Otherwise fill placed in

the gully is likely to be undermined and washed

away.

Avoid filling gullies with rubbish, logs, rocks, car

bodies and other foreign material that are not

suitable.

Use earthen banks that divert runoff away from

the gully head, and convert it to slower, less

erosive flow away from the actively eroding

area.

Absence of failure

due to poor

integration between

physical and

biological measures

During

Construction

-weekly

SPMU ESSO,

Contractor,

MH, MOE &

MOW World

Bank

250,000.00

3. Gully

Stabilisation,

Use of

Vegetation as

control & buffers

- Grass-lined

Channel

(Turf

reinforcement

mats)

Accumulation of

debris, sediment

accumulation, died

grasses, shrub/bush

and tree planted,

lack of integrity

Design structures so that the flow in the gully is

reduced to a non-scouring velocity

Plant vegetation between the structures and the

gully stabilised

Locations of the structures must be placed so

that as much sediment is collected as possible,

while still ensuring that the structures are

stable.

Sites should also be relatively smooth at the

gully floor, and have a gentle slope between the

gully floor and sides.

Choose the right time to do it. From late Dry

season to early onset of rainy season before

heavy rains is generally a suitable time as there

is less chance of high volumes of run-off, yet

there is sufficient soil moisture and warmth to

promote the growth of vegetation.

Absence of debris

accumulation

No of debris remove

and repairs made on

outlets and points

where concentrated

flow enters channels,

structures.

No of inspection

made on lined

drainage channels

and energy

dissipaters after

major storms/rainfall .

During

Construction,

especially

after heavy

downpour of

rain-weekly

SPMU ESSO,

Contractor,

MH, MOE &

MOW

4. Earthworks -

Excavation,

grading,

Disturb the natural

drainage of site,

Increase the amount

Develop a site plan that does not require a

significant amount of grade changes–that fits

into existing land contours.

Number of drainage

lines and ephemeral

waterways that could

During

Construction,

especially

SPMU ESSO,

Contractor,

MH, MOE &


30


S/N Activities

Envisaged


Monitoring

Indicators


y

Cost (N)

compaction,

filling and other

civil works

of disturbed soil and

could in turn

increases the

amount of erosion

which can occur.

Increase

sedimentation and

runoff

Risk of pollution to

watercourses

Site that will not be re-disturbed for a long

period should be stabilized to reduce the

erosion force

These areas until they are disturbed again. E.g.

if soil excavated from a temporary sediment

Trap is stockpiled to be used later to backfill the

trap (when the area is stabilized) then the

stockpile

Carry out earthworks operations such that

surfaces have adequate falls, profiling and

drainage to control run-off and prevent ponding

and flooding.

Control run-off through silt/sediment traps as

appropriate to minimise the turbidity of water in

outfall areas.

be ‘erosion starters’.

No of Complaint from

the community due to

poor water

quality/sedimentation

after heavy

downpour of

rain

MOW

5 Use of heavy

Equipment on

site and

transport

vehicles on the

public roads

Vibration generate

lateral waves to the

surrounding

structure and could

lead to failure

Contaminate ground

or surface water

when hydraulic oil,

motor oil or other

harmful mechanical

fluids are spilled or

dumped

Spills, leaks or

injuries from any

type of hazardous

material (e.g.

bitumen, cement,

paint, explosives,

fuels, lubricants)

As much as possible avoid use of heavy duty

equipment like bulldozers, pay loaders and

trucks used in excavation and loading at the

control site,

Work schedule to minimize disturbance.

Alert the public when loud noise will be

generated

Sound-proofed machines shall be employed

Construction vehicle, machinery and equipment

move or station always in the designated area

only and do not carry activities beyond land

hired/given

Absence/number of

oil leakage/spill,

absence of impact on

structures/cracks/

Absence/number of

damage to abutting

construction

site

Absence/number of

complaint due to

noise & dust

generation

Absence of sediment

transport from the

site onto public roads

or adjacent properties

via the wheels,

chassis and side of

vehicles.

During

Construction,

SPMU ESSO,

Contractor,

MH, MOE &

MOW


31


S/N Activities

Envisaged


Monitoring

Indicators


y

Cost (N)

6. Construction

camp and crew

Soil contamination,

Unhygienic work

environment and

disturbance of the

surrounding

neighbourhood

Dis-affection in the

community

Identify suitable camp site in consultation with

relevant authorities

Regular collection and proper disposal of Solid

Waste.

Ensure and enforce good housekeeping

Wholesome

environment

Absence of conflict

with community

members

Daily/All

through

during

Construction

SPMU ESSO,

Contractor,

MH, MOE &

MOW

100,000.00

7. Storing

Materials/

loss of the

stockpiled material

Damage valuable

ecosystems and

habitats

Leaks of hazardous

materials from

equipment or

storage

Stockpiles should not be located within an

overland flow path.

In order to mitigate the flow of water away from

stockpiled material, flow diversion banks can be

constructed up-slope of the stockpile to divert

run-off.

install a sediment fence (or heightened bund

wall) on the downhill side

Presence/absence of

moved stored

material by rain/wind

Presence/absence of

leaks from substance

stored

Daily/All

through

during

Construction

SPMU ESSO,

Contractor,

MH, MOE &

MOW

Social Issues

1 Waste/Spoil

generation &

management

Waste generation

volume of

waste/spoil

Spoil tipped away

from designated

areas

As part of contract requirements, contractor will

be required to develop, implement and maintain

a Waste Management Plan during the

construction works with emphasise to minimise

waste and segregate waste

Protection of neighborhood from debris due to

construction

Minimize spoil by balancing cut and fill

wherever possible

Safe tipping areas identified and enforced.

Spoil traps constructed.

Dispose in approved sites

Volume of waste

generated and

disposal method.

Good waste

management plan in

place-acceptable in

light of best practice

Daily/All

through

during

Construction

SPMU ESSO,

Contractor,

MH, MOE &

MOW, Waste

Management

authority

150,000.00

2 Local people

excluded from

activities

Conflict Incorporate methods within the skills of local

people.

Contractors encouraged using local labour

wherever possible.

Number of

community members

involved in

construction

Twice during

construction

SPMU ESSO,

Contractor,

MH, MOE &

MOW Officer,

Local

100,000.00-


32


S/N Activities

Envisaged


Monitoring

Indicators


y

Cost (N)

Government/Si

te Committee

3 Quarry for fill

materials

Use of agricultural

land

Avoidance of agriculture lands as borrow areas

and other sensitive areas

Redevelopment of borrow areas

Redevelopment of quarries in case new

quarries are setup for the Project

Presence/absence of

scouring, erosion,

damage to property,

water supply

disruption.

Complaints from local

people

During

construction

SPMU ESSO,

Contractor,

MH, MOE &

MOW, Local

Government/Si

te Committee,

300,00.00.00

4 Site Work –

occupational

&Public Safety

and Health

Dust – water-

sprays to control

particulates.

Excavation - Expose

inhabitants and crew

to risk of falls and

injuries in

excavation pits

excavation slope

instability causing

injury/death

Use of equipment

and movement of

vehicles includes

accident rates/

traffic hazards.

excessive and

continuous noise

and vibration from

construction

activities

Risk of water source

pollution

Take safety precautions to protect being injured

by flying or falling rock

Poorly planned borrow pits and quarries pose

threats, ranging from falls from quarry faces to

drowning in quarry pits that have become

standing water reservoirs

Use equipment with low operating noise levels

Restrict construction works to day time hours in

location close to residence

Introduce traffic/speed control devices

Provide safety warning and instruction

signboards

Use of excavation dewatering, side-walls

support, and slope gradient adjustments that

eliminate or minimize the risk of collapse,

entrapment, or drowning

Provide safe means of ingress and egress from

excavations, such as graded slopes, graded

access route, or stairs and ladders

Zero

Accidents/incidents

Every day

during

construction

SPMU ESSO,

Contractor,

MH, MOE &

MOW, Local

Government/Si

te Committee,

250,000.00

Sub-total 1,200,000.00

C Operation and Maintenance

Operation -

Maintenance

and Utilization

of

Collapse of

structure/failure of

measures

Monitor and maintain intervention work for

continued stability and quality

Shortcomings in the control structures should

be corrected before they develop into serious

Number of failure of

structure

Once in three

months

during dry

periods and

Community,

Site

committee,

SPMU

1,000,000.00


33


S/N Activities

Envisaged


Monitoring

Indicators


y

Cost (N)

Rehabilitated

Gully

problems.

Any grass, shrub/bush and tree planted which

dies should be replaced

Treated gullies should be checked regularly and

the healing process monitored closely.

Structures built in

the gully for stabilization purpose should be

observed for damage especially during rainy

seasons and after heavy storms. Damaged

check-dams should be repaired immediately to

avoid further damage and the eventual

collapse.

Conduct gender study to assess the challenges

and opportunities for the mainstreaming of

gender concerns in the use of, access to and

maintenance of the gullies

Avoid delay repair even in small damage or

break of control structure

immediately

after heavy

down pour

during rainy

season

Environmental

and Social

Safeguard

Officer, MoE

MoW, FPMU,

World Bank

Operation -

Maintenance

and Utilization

of

Rehabilitated

Gully

Unsustainable use

of rehabilitated gully

areas crossing

different land uses

owned by different

land users/ Conflict

Disharmony in

Identification of users and development of a use

concept or management plan.

Before treatment of gullies, the users should be

identified and the boundaries should be clearly

demarcated, the gully rehabilitation process

should be objective oriented and responsibilities

of owners in managing, maintaining and

utilizing the gully should be agreed upon.

Number of

agreement signed

with Sustainable

users of rehabilitated

gully areas

Presence/absence of

land users/ Conflict

Disharmony in

Once every

six months

SPMU, FPMU,

Community

members,

World Bank

750,000.00

Operation -

Maintenance

and Utilization

of

Rehabilitated

Gully

Poor maintenance

of vegetated area,

Maintain healthy pasture swards on slope to

reduce bare ground.

Minimum or no tillage techniques that protect

soil structure as fine soil particles erode more

readily

Regular inspection.

Presence/absence of

Healthy vegetation

Once every

six months

Community,

Site

committee,

SPMU

Environmental

and Social

Safeguard

Officer, MoE

MoW, FPMU,


34


S/N Activities

Envisaged


Monitoring

Indicators


y

Cost (N)

World Bank

Sub-total 1,750,000.00

Decommissioni

ng

Cause soil erosion,

Degrade water

quality, Dust

generation, Damage

valuable

ecosystems and

habitat

Break up old surface and soil. Remove and

dispose of surfacing material if necessary and

loosen soil of previous track to accelerate

regeneration of vegetation

Reshape eroded or culled surfaces with out-

sloping, re-vegetate as needed.

Absence of soil

erosion, water quality

degradation and dust

generation

All through

the

decommissio

ning and

equipment/m

aterial period

Contractor,

SPMU

Environmental

and Social

Safeguard

Officer, Local

Government/Si

te Committee

500,000.00

Sub-total 500,000.00

Grand Total 3,600,000.00


35

6.5 Waste Management Plan During the construction and subsequent operation and maintenance phases, it is inevitable that discharges of materials to the environment will occur. If these are not controlled, they may act as a source of environmental disturbance or nuisance. The rehabilitation/construction activities could yield a variety of (waste??) in the form of construction materials, scrap metal, municipal wastes, etc. For effective management, the waste management plan during construction and operation phases will ensure that all the waste must be properly identified, minimized, segregated, properly stored, reused, tracked, monitored and audited. All the wastes that cannot be re-used will be safely managed and disposed of in a manner that meets FMEnv regulatory requirements. Furthermore, awareness shall be created amongst community members not to dump waste in treated gully erosion channels.

6.6 Maintenance and Inspection of Treated Gully In order to be effective, the intervention work must be properly designed, implemented, inspected and maintained. To maintain the integrity of the intervention work (treated gully) the site check shall include regular inspection. Maintenance generally shall focus on the following:

•

Eroded areas repaired immediately.

Debris removed and repairs made where necessary from the channel.

Outlets and points where concentrated flow enters the channel.

Seeded slopes identified for signs of erosion, filling these areas slightly above original grade, then roughen, reseed, and mulch as soon as possible.

Lined drainage channels and energy dissipaters at regular intervals and after major storms.

Sediment accumulation, piping, bank instability, and scour holes, and repair promptly

Use of sandbags during rainfall events if extra height is needed on the ridges of contour drains.

Repair or reinstate drains if destroyed by machinery movement or other forces.

Check dams cleaned after each significant storm event or when accumulated sediment reaches half the height of the check dam.

To this end, inspection system shall check:

Drains after rainfall or storms and outfall for erosion

Remove any accumulated sediment deposited in diversion channels where there is a risk of overtopping due to a lack of freeboard.

Vegetation is growing.

Check seeded slopes for signs of erosion.

Reseed areas to prevent sheet and rill erosion. Spot seed in small areas.

Lined drainage channels and energy dissipaters should be inspected at regular intervals and after major storms.

Check dams for undermining and/or short-circuiting and keyed into the channel banks a minimum of 18 inches to prevent flow around the dam

6.8 Gender issues Women are key to ensuring the sensibility and sustainability of the overall project management at the watershed management levels especially. As key players, managers and direct actors in managing natural resources in the watershed areas and addressing the household food security women gender participation is critical. The empowerment of women through generating employment, knowledge and skill development even without formal education would work well collectively through the encouragement of formation of cooperatives amongst them. Income generating activities directly relating to sustainable land and water management through soil, water and biodiversity conservation, including specific technologies such as natural regeneration of vegetation/tree cover and agroforestry at the local levels should be strengthened amongst the women.


36

The empowerment of women groups is essential for public good, to ensure for every watershed management and opportunities at least 60% of major activities should be targeted at women. A gender study that strives to mainstream gender concerns in the use of, access to and maintenance of the watershed and treated gully areas is relevant. Appendix 8 outlines some information that should be provided in an assessment of the challenges and opportunities for the gender concerns.

6.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND AUDITING In order to effectively and efficiently implement this ESMP, a system for monitoring and auditing has been built into the overall management plan. Monitoring and auditing assist in the examination of management, employee knowledge, programme responsibilities, records & effectiveness Specifically, this shall help to:

Improve environmental and social management practices;

Check the efficiency and quality of the environmental management processes;

Establish the scientific reliability and credibility of the ESMP for the project and

Provide the opportunity to report the results on safeguards and impacts and proposed mitigation measures implementation.

6.7.1 Site Inspection and Monitoring To continually achieve the benefits of the gully treatments, site inspection and monitoring program shall be ensured with the following objectives:

Ensure that the Gully Erosion Treatment and Control Plan (GETCP) is appropriate for the site and is being implemented effectively;

Ensure Gully Erosion Treatments are being appropriately maintained; and

Identify any works at the site that may be contributing to environmental harm. 6.7.2 Site Inspection and Maintenance Following the gully treatment/remediation work or installation of erosion and sediment control measures, a walkthrough or site inspection should be conducted to ascertain that all measures have been implemented in the field, that erosion is being controlled, and that sediment and other pollutants are not being transported off-site or into critical areas on-site. Any improper installation or any repairs necessary to complete the job should be noted at this time. Another purpose of the site walkthrough is to identify critical inspection locations and monitoring points where control measures will need to be routinely checked for performance and checked after storm events. These critical points must include:

• All disturbed areas of the site

• Material storage areas

• Locations where vehicles enter or exit the site

• All erosion and sediment control measures

• Discharge outfall visual monitoring points. The control measures must be in good operating condition until the area they protect has been completely stabilized and the construction activity is completed. In the absence of significant runoff events, all measures must be inspected by the contractor in accordance with any schedule required by the SPMU and Ministry of Works and before any predicted, significant rainfall. During rainfall events, the contractor’s inspector must have the ability to call out work crews to immediately repair the erosion and sediment control measures. Appropriate materials and equipment should be kept on hand to enable a quick and rapid response. 6.7.3 Site Inspection Frequency It is recommended that during the gully erosion treatment inspection should be carried out in the following manner:

At least daily during rainfall events;


37

At least weekly, even if the works are not being conducted;

Within 24 hours of a forecasted rainfall or storm event; and

Within 18 hours of a rainfall or storm event of sufficient intensity to cause run-off. Furthermore, the contractor daily must inspect active sites during storm water runoff and within 24 hours after any storm event greater than 0.5 inches in a 24-hour period. Active sites must be inspected at least every 7 days during periods of no runoff. Any site that is inactive for greater than 7 days must be inspected every two weeks. Exposed areas must be stabilized and inspected before a site is left in an inactive state. The inspector should record any damages or deficiencies in the control measures on an inspection report form. The damage or deficiencies should be corrected as soon as practicable after the inspection but in no case later than 7 days after the inspection. Any changes that may be required to correct deficiencies should also be made as soon as practicable after the inspection but in no case later than 7 days after the inspection. Inspections oversight should rest with the SPMU supported by the Ministry of Works with local knowledge, policies and procedures. Inspections of erosion control works should be conducted by a person clearly identified as responsible for this role and may be the project manager, site supervisor or principal contractor representative etc. All inspection details should be formally documented, filed and made available for inspection as required by PMU and relevant authorities. An example of a site inspection checklist is shown at Appendix 7.1 6.7.4 Vegetation Establishment Monitoring Since vegetation typically is the primary form of permanent erosion control, it is important to ascertain how quickly and how well the vegetation is becoming established. Monitoring for vegetation establishment should be conducted in accordance with local requirements. Vegetation should be monitored monthly to evaluate the following:

• The type of vegetation that is growing (as compared to the type of vegetation that was planted); The density of vegetation that is growing, including the percent of ground that is covered.

Based on regular evaluations of vegetation establishment, recommendations should be made as to whether the vegetation is establishing well, or whether additional measures should be taken, such as over seeding, fertilizing, erosion repair, or irrigation. Vegetation monitoring should continue until the vegetation reaches maturity and is providing the anticipated erosion control effectiveness. 6.7.5 Maintenance Problems The most frequent cause of failure is lack of preventative practices and poor maintenance of treatments administered. Erosion prevention and sediment control must be inspected regularly and operated and maintained using specific procedures to perform properly. Installation mistakes can also impair the performance of the measures. Inspectors should pay particular attention to maintenance problems and installation mistakes during inspections. 6.7.6 Inspection and Maintenance Reports Inspection reports should be prepared during each inspection conducted by the contractor or SPMU or Ministry of Works for civil works and Ministry of Agriculture for vegetation aspect, as the case may be. Reports should include information on damages or deficiencies, maintenance or repair activities, monitoring information, and vegetation establishment. Inspection reports should be kept for a period of three years after completion of final site stabilization. 6.8 Environmental Monitoring The Environmental monitoring activities shall be based on direct or indirect indicators of emissions, effluents, and resource use applicable to the intervention works. Monitoring frequency shall be sufficient to provide representative data for the parameter being monitored. Monitoring shall be conducted by


38

trained individuals who can carry out the monitoring and record-keeping effectively using properly calibrated and maintained equipment. Monitoring data shall be analyzed and reviewed at regular intervals and compared with the operating standards so that any necessary corrective actions can be taken. As part of monitoring programme, visual inspections and quality monitoring for light attenuation should be conducted daily, for instance. A categorized mitigation measures and its implementation is given in Table 6.2 while summary of Environmental Monitoring Plan during construction and operation is shown in table 6.3. 6.9 Reporting Procedure The nature of issues to report and manner of reporting are outlined below: 6.9.1 Complaints Register and Environmental Incidents Any environmental or social incidents shall be documented (Appendix 8). The report shall be transmitted to the relevant authority by the SPMU, where necessary/applicable. The reporting shall be with a view to taking appropriate mitigation measures. All complaints received should be investigated and a response (even if pending further investigation) is to be given to the complainant within 5 days. The following information must be provided:

• Time, date and nature of the incident/report;

• Type of communication (e.g. telephone, personal meeting);

• Name, house location and contact telephone number of person making the complaint. If this person wishes to remain anonymous then “not identified” is to be recorded;

• Details of response and investigation undertaken as a result of the incident/complaint;

• Name of person undertaking investigation of the incident/complaint;

• Corrective action taken as a result of the incident/complaint. The report shall be rendered for both internal (in-house) uses all phases of the project for internal and external (public) consumption through the regulators. 6.9.2 Record keeping Good records are the paper trail that will prove that this ESMP is working as intended. Keeping records of inspection of maintenance programme for erosion control measures, training programme, etc. will be useful to demonstrate that the ESMP is being complied with or not (Appendix 9). The type of records from the various management and monitoring programmes include:

• completed forms, checklists and maintenance logs

• identified problems and corrective actions undertaken

• monitoring data / results Some other types of records will also be valuable for assisting with the implementation of the ESMP and/or ESMP Review such as:

• Incident forms (especially pollution incidents and response, accidents, etc.)

• Internal and external communications regarding the ESMP (e.g. with waste management)

• Results of internal or external assessments and compliance visits.


39

Table 6.2: Environmental Monitoring Plan Construction Phase (Pre- Construction) Environmental Monitoring Plan Construction Phase (Pre- Construction)

S/No Activity/Issue Mitigation Measure Implementation Monitoring Activity Frequency Monitoring

Responsibility 1 Erection of

contractor

construction camp

Contractor to identify suitable camp site in

consultation with SPMU/ relevant MDAs

Contractor obtain approval for camp site from members of the public/Local government

Retain a record of discussions

Retain a record of approval

After each

discussion

Once

SPMU/Contractor

2 Materials testing SPMU to include requirement for independent materials testing in contracting documents

SPMU to ensure that Contractor complies with requirements

Retain copy of contracting documents with

the requirement

Check record of materials testing

Once

When

materials are

delivered

SPMU Site

Engineers

3 Operation of Contractor

construction

camp

Inclusion of requirement for regular watering of camp site and construction sites in contracting

documents

Contractor to implement approved Contractor work plan

submit monthly reports on Contractor implementation of approved work plan and

mitigation measures

Establish and maintain public complaints register

Include the following requirements for worker facilities in contracting documents

- Covered rubbish bins for scraps

- Adequately stocked first aid medical kits - Trained person to provide first aid assistance if

required

Include requirement in contracting documents for Contractor to provide facilities for disposal of solid

and liquid wastes

Contractor to undertake regular disposal of solid and

liquid wastes undertake frequent regular monitoring to ensure compliance with requirements

Retain copy of contracting documents with

the requirement

Maintain record of implementation activities

Daily monitoring

Ensure all complaints are recorded in the

register

Maintain a record of working hours

Maintain a record of discussions with local

members of the public in relation to requests

for extension of working hours

Maintain a record of any agreements for

extension of working hour

Retain copies of contracting documents with

requirement

Retain copies of waste disposal dockets

Maintain a photographic record of disposal

activities

Maintain documentary record of monitoring

activities

Once

Daily during

dry weather

condition

Daily

Monthly

As required

Once

As required

As required

Daily and

weekly

SPMU

Contractor

SPMU Site

Supervisor

4 Heavy

machinery

operation

Ensure contracting documents include specifications

relating to type, weight and operation of heavy

machinery

ensure that acceptance of CCMP includes

consideration of heavy machinery operation

Contractor to operate machinery in accordance with

accepted CCMP

Retain copy of contracting documents on

project files

Include reference in acceptance advice

Maintain record of inspections and public

complaints

Once

Once

Weekly

SPMU/Contractor


40

5 Excavation

generally Include requirement in contracting document for

Contractor to remove and dispose of surplus material at approved sites

Include the following requirements for Contractors in the contracting documents:

- Provide temporary services acceptable standard

where required - Undertake permanent repair works for disrupted

services within specified times

- Provide warning and safety signs in local language at excavation sites

- Provide PPE for site workers

Maintain photographic and documentary

record of Contractor material disposal

activities

Retain copy of approved list on project files


project files


project files

Maintain duplicate copies record of

Contractor performance


record of Contractor performance

Daily

Once

SPMU

SPMU/Contractor

6 Management of spills and

construction

debris

Ensure that requirements relating to spill management and debris are included in contracting

documents

Ensure that Contractor addresses spill management

and debris removal as criteria for acceptable Contractor work plan

Ensure that Contractor to promptly attend to any

spills


project files



Once

Daily

SPMU/Contractor

7 Social issues Continual undertake public consultation

Conclude all resettlement issues that may arise

SPMU to include requirement for continual

stakeholder consultations and public enlightenment in contracting documents

Retain copies of minutes of discussions After each

discussion

SPMU/Contractor

8 Health and

Safety Issues

a) SPMU to include requirement for contract document

need for contractor to mount in advance of the construction work awareness campaign relevant to

health and safety and adequate road signs to warn

pedestrians and motorists of construction activities, diversions, etc. provided at appropriate points.


project files



Once

SPMU/Contractor

9 Traffic Safety

and Traffic

Management

a) SPMU to include requirement for contract document

need for contractor

b) to ensure public safety, and meet traffic safety requirements for the operation of work to avoid

accidents.

c) be responsible for the safety along the corridor related to the site,

d) provide and maintain necessary barricades, suitable

and sufficient flashlights, flagmen, danger signals, and signs.


project files



Once

SPMU/Contractor


41

Table 6.3: Summary of Environmental Monitoring Plan during Construction and Operation

Component Parameters Method & Where Frequency Responsible* Cost (N)

Air quality Dust Visual Observation at location of activities

Everyday during construction SPMU/Contractor 250,000.00

PM, SO2, CO, NOX , CO2 Ambient air monitoring using standard method of sampling and analysis at established sampled locations for the baseline data

Annually or where visual observations indicate unpleasant scenario

SPMU/Contractor

Noise Level Disturbance/pinch Everyday during construction Contractor 50,000.00

Level Sensor measurement around the premises at established sampled locations for the baseline data

annually SPMU/Contractor

Erosion Top soil movement/ground cutting Control and retention of disturbed soil at earthwork

Visual assessment Routinely during construction Contractor 100,000.00

Water Quality pH, TSS, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Chlorine, total residual, Phenols, Total coliform bacteria, Temp, etc.

Standard method of sampling and analyses at established sampled locations for the baseline data

Where it is established that construction caused impact

Contractor/ Consultant 200,000.00

Annually SPMU/ Consultant,

Soil Quality pH, Conductivity, Heavy Metals, TOC, Total Hydrocarbons, Cations.

Sampling and analyses at designated locations

• monthly during construction; • Quarterly during the first 3 years of operation; • Half yearly Subsequently

200,000.00

Sediment retention pond

Sediment build-up Visual Assessment& decants/level spreaders/fore bay

After all rain. During heavy rain

Contractors/Site Committee members/SPMU

250,000.00

Vegetal Cover Vegetation growing well & maintained

Visual assessment Routinely Contractors/Site Committee members/SPMU

0

General Waste Management

Reduction, Segregation protocols, proper handling, storage, treatment, and transportation

Visual Assessment, General Aesthetics, hazard free environment along the corridor

Routinely, Daily Contractor/HSE Officer 100,000.00

Training

Responsible HSE behavior and culture

General HSE Awareness and specific training for workers

Routinely and as need arises SPMU Contractor/HSE Officer, consultant, management

1,500,000.00

Socio-economics

Project benefit opinions,

Lifestyle, no of livelihoods opportunities created, income, gender characteristics, no of women participating in watershed management programs, etc.

Questionnaires, direct observations and interviews.

Once in two years SPMU 250,000.00

Health & Safety

Incidents Hazard assessment Before Start of work and routinely

Contractor/SPMU Management

200,000.00

Total 3,100,000.00


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6.11 Disclosures and Public Consultation Plan All reasonable efforts must be made to disclose/display this ESMP to the public at strategic points within the project’s area of influence so as to allow all stakeholders read and understand how they stand to be affected by the project. It should also be disclosed at the Federal Ministry of Environment and the Ebonyi State Ministry of Health and Environment

A key element of sustaining stakeholders’ support in any project execution is to consult and communicate with the stakeholders effectively and to engage them as early as possible with the project which has been done in the course of preparation of the intervention work and further enhanced during the preparation of this ESMP. Like any other business function, stakeholder engagement needs to be managed and driven by a well-defined strategy. Table 6.4 provides a Summary of the stakeholder engagement plan while Appendix 1 provides Stakeholder Engagement and Communication Process.

Table 6.4: Summary of the planned stakeholder engagement schedule Activity Stakeholders / Community Frequency / Timeline

Pre-Construction / Prior to Project Commencement

Project email, postal address and contact details

All stakeholders Once-off establishment

Fact Sheet and FAQ sheets All stakeholders As required, subject to any updates on the Project

Briefings State Government , Local Government, Site committee, World Bank

As required, subject to the approvals process

Newsletters, Media and Advertising

All stakeholders As required, subject to any updates on the Project

Site tours Regulators, Site Committee, community, World Bank, etc

As required

Personal meetings Targeted stakeholders As required

Community Sessions Residents of affected areas/ Community and interest groups

As required, subject to approvals route and feedback from the community

Develop and disseminate Feedback and Complaints Mechanism and communications procedures

All stakeholders As required, subject to any updates on the Project

Briefings, Site Tours and Community Sessions - for development of the Rehabilitation and Closure Plan

Government authorities, Local communities, • Additional relevant stakeholders

Prior to Work Plan approval

Advertising / media release (update on milestones)

All stakeholders Regular

Project lunch All stakeholders Before civil works

Construction and operations

Ongoing community liaison Local community Ongoing

Project updates

All stakeholders Monthly

Responding to issues and inquiries as per Feedback and Complaints Mechanism

All stakeholders Ongoing / as required

Annual reporting All stakeholders Annually

Personal meetings All stakeholders Ongoing / as required

* Budget to be determined based on profile of stakeholders, duration, location and size


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6.12 Institutional Arrangements Since one of the main purposes of ESMPs is to establish responsibility for the activities that have to be undertaken, this sub-section details below, institutional arrangements and the roles and responsibilities of the various institutions in the implementation of the ESMP as outlined in Table 6.5. Table 6.5: Institutional Responsibilities

S/No Category Roles & Responsibilities

SPMU

Implementing authority, has the mandate to:

Co-ordinate all policies, programmes and actions of all road construction across the States

Ensure the smooth and efficient implementation of the project’s various technical programmes

Cooperate through a Steering Committee that provides guidance to the technical aspects of all project activities;

Maintain and manage all funds effectively and efficiently for the projects

State Ministries of works,

Site assessment and monitoring of works and engineering activities

State Ministry of Environment,

Lead role to ensure adherence to this ESMP and applicable standards, environmental and social liability investigations, Monitoring and evaluation process and criteria

Ministry of Lands, Survey and Urban

Compliance overseer at State Level, on matters of Land Acquisition and compensation and other resettlement issues,

Other MDAs Come in as and when relevant areas or resources under their jurisdiction or management are likely to be affected by or implicated projects such as utility.

World Bank Assess implementation Recommend additional measures for strengthening the management framework

and implementation performance.

Site Manager Ensure land disturbance activities are conducted in accordance with relevant legislation;

Minimise on-site erosion and control sediment in accordance with the site Erosion and Sediment Control Plan;

Communicate the content of, and any changes to the site Erosion and Sediment Control Plan to all employees and contractors; Inspect the operation of erosion and sediment control devices and initiate repair

or maintenance as required; Instruct employees and contractors in the purpose and operation of erosion and

sediment control devices and the need to maintain these devices in proper working order at all times;

Provide adequate onsite waste collection bins, ensure proper disposal, not to litter and not to create environmental nuisance;

Contractor Compliance to Bill of Quantity specification in procurement of material and construction and adherence to the ESMP and good practice

Site Engineers/Supervisors

Provide oversight function during construction and decommissioning to ensure adherence to good practice and the ESMP

Site Committee Ensure compliance to BOQ and quality

Local government Support in monitoring project execution within their domains to ensure compliance with this ESMP and other relevant requirements

Local Community Promote environmental awareness Assist and Liaise with other stakeholders to ensure proper siting and provision of

approval for such sites Support with provision of necessary infrastructures and engage/ encourage

carrying out comprehensive and practical awareness campaign for the proposed projects, amongst the various relevant grass roots interest groups.

CDA/CDOs Ensure Community participation by mobilizing, sensitizing community members;

NGOs/CSOs Assisting in their respective ways to ensure effective response actions, Conducting scientific research alongside government groups to evolve and


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devise sustainable environmental strategies and rehabilitation techniques, Organizing, coordinating and ensuring safe use of volunteers in a response action, and actually identifying where these volunteers can best render services effectively & Providing wide support assistance helpful in management planning, institutional/governance issues and other livelihood related matter, Project impacts and mitigation measures, Awareness campaigns

i Others/General Public

Identify issues that could derail the project

Support project impacts and mitigation measures, Awareness campaigns

6.13 Institutional Capacity Building & Training Based on the interaction with the relevant stakeholders, assessment and determination of the characteristics of all the relevant stakeholders with key roles in the project as well as the assessment of the institutional capacities of the different parties shall be involved in the ESMP implementation; areas of awareness creation and training/capacity building/strengthening have been identified. To enhance the respective roles and collaboration of the relevant stakeholders, the following broad areas for capacity building have been identified as deserving of attention for effective implementation of the ESMP. Specific areas for effective institutional capacity needs are given in Table 6.6.

Table 6.6: Training Modules on Environment and Social Management

Programme Description Participants Form Of Training

Duration/Location

Training Conducting Agency

Cost (N)

Sensitization Workshop

Introduction to Environment: Basic Concept of Environment, Environmental Regulations and Statutory requirements as per Government and World bank

Engineers and Environmental/Safeguard Unit, Procurements & other relevant groups

Workshop ½ Working Day

Environmental & Social Specialists of Design Consultant/External Agency engaged for capacity building

250,000

Module I Introduction to Environment: Basic Concept of Environment, Environmental Regulations and Statutory requirements as per Government and World bank

Engineer/MoE Lecture ¼ Working Day


150,000

-Module II Environmental Considerations in projects Management: Environmental components affected by project, Environmental Management Good Practices gully erosion control, Stakeholder and Community project Participation

Engineers MoE/ (Technical unit), Community leaders/CDOs/NGOs

Workshop 1 Working Day


300,000

Module III ESMP and its integration into Designs: Methodology of Assessment of Pollution Monitoring, Methodology for site selection of waste disposal areas, etc.

SPMU Engineer, Contractors/MOE,

Lecture and Field Visit

½ Working Day


200,000

Module IV Improved Coordination with other MDAs: Overview of PMU Projects, Environmental & Social Impacts, Statutory Permissions – Procedural Requirements, Co-operation & Coordination with other Departments

Officials of MoE and other line MDAs

Workshop 1day Environmental & Social Specialists of Design Consultant/External Agency engaged for capacity building

300,000

Module V Civil works and use of Vegetation for gully stabilization in environmental management practices: Roles and Responsibilities of officials/contractors/consultants towards protection of environment and

Officials of MoE, and other line MDAs

Workshop ½ day Environmental & Social Specialists of Design Consultant/External Agency engaged for capacity building

200,000


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Table 6.6: Training Modules on Environment and Social Management

Programme Description Participants Form Of Training

Duration/Location

Training Conducting Agency

Cost (N)

Implementation Arrangements Monitoring mechanisms

Module VI Monitoring and reporting system Community Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation

Engineers, MoE, & relevant MDAs, Community leaders/CDOs/NGOs

Workshop ½ day Environmental & Social Specialists of Design Consultant/External Agency engaged for capacity building

100,000.00

Module VII Alternative income generation program -income generating activities with [adequate] commercial potential in the agricultural and non-farm sectors. Agricultural methods and technology to increasing production on non-affected land and enhancing the treatment works at the gully site. Skill for off-farm work within or outside of the affected area

Community liaison and support professional, site committee members, local government staff, etc.

hands-on To be determined

Environmental & Social Specialists of Design Consultant/External Agency engaged for capacity building/World Bank

Seen as part of the normal operation cost

Total 1,500,000.00

6.14 Review and Revision of the ESMP There is need to review and update the ESMP regularly to ensure it reflects the unfolding situation that could occur on site and take into account changes that have occurred since this first version. The changes could be in the project description or new requirements/legislation coming into effect in the course of the project execution. Any changes to the ESMP need to be reflected in the information in the ESMP about the site, pollution controls and/or programmes and systems. Each of these will therefore also need to be updated. A copy of the revised version will be sent to relevant regulatory authorities as the case maybe. 6.15 ESMP Budget and Schedule of Work ESMPs have associated costs. Thus to effectively implement the environmental and social management measures necessary budgetary provisions shall be made for this ESMP. The Budgets for the ESMP include the environmental management costs other than the good engineering practices, cost of environmental and resettlement monitoring. All administrative costs for implementing the ESMP shall be budgeted for as part of the project costing. The cost of each measure have been estimated and included in the overall ESMP budget as indicated in Table 6.7. The key elements of the implementation schedule are shown in the Table 6.8. Table 6.7: ESMP Budget Summary

S/No Element Responsible Cost (N) 1 Mitigation Measures SPMU ESSO, Contractor, MH, MOE &

MOW

3,600,000.00

2 Monitoring & Audit Contractors/Site Committee members/SPMU

3,100,000.00

3 Training SPMU , Contractor/HSE Officer, consultant, management

1,500,000.00

Sub-total 8,200,000.00

10% contingency 820,000.00

Grand total 9,050,000.00


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Table 6.8: ESMP Budget and Implementation Schedule S/N Activity Description Responsible MONTH (Contruction) Operation

Gully Pre-Treatment

Gully Treatment Period

Gully Treatment Maintenance

1 2 3 4 5 6

1. Disclosure of ESMP Report PMU

2. Allocating Budget for ESMP PMU

3. Appointing Support Staff for ESMP

PMU

4. Review and Approval of Contractor’s ESMP and Sediment, Waste & Safety Plan

PMU

5. Finalisation of Engineering Designs

PMU/Contractor

6. Implementation of Mitigation Measures

PMU/Contractor

7. Supervising ESMP Implementation

PMU/Contractor

8. Environmental Auditing PMU/FMENV/MoE/ Environmental Consultant

A year after construction

9. Monitoring & Reporting on ESMP Implementation

PMU /Contractor

10. Environmental Training Contractor/HSE Consultant

11.


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CHAPTER 7 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS 7.1 Introduction The consultation conducted in the course of the preparation of this ESMP dovetailed into the one already initiated and established by SPMU, which is routinely carried out in the project zone. It is recognised that one key factor that exists in all successful approaches to project development and implementation is participation by relevant stakeholders. The more direct involvement of the local level people in the planning and management processes, the greater the likelihood that resource use and protection problems will be solved as well as the likelihood of development opportunities occurring in a balanced way and to the broad benefit of all communities in the project area. Community Participation was considered in the entire process as a fundamental tool for: managing two-way communication between the SPMU and the public, building understanding and improving decision-making by actively involving relevant stakeholders, especially the project affected persons and organizations with a stake and reducing the likelihood for conflicts. 7.2 The Objectives of Community Consultations

1. Canvass the inputs, views and concerns; and take account of the information and views of the public in the project design and in decision-making.

2. Obtain local and traditional knowledge that may be useful for decision-making; 3. Facilitate consideration of alternatives, mitigation measures and trade-offs and ensure that

important impacts are not overlooked and benefits maximized; 4. Reduce conflict through the early identification of contentious issues; 5. Provide an opportunity for the public to influence the designs and implementation in a positive

manner; 6. Improve transparency and accountability in decision-making; and Increase public confidence in

the project. 7.3 The Stakeholders Consulted and their Concerns The key stakeholders identified and consulted in the area include leaders in the communities, individual people who own properties that will be directly or indirectly affected, and business owners, etc. A list of those that had been met is shown in Appendix 5 and the issues discussed. Plate 4 shows Some Relevant Stakeholders met during the consultations. At the meeting, the overview of the proposed project and appreciation of ESMP were presented. Furthermore, the challenges that could impede the implementation of the project and the support needed from all parties to ensure effective project and successful implementation were also discussed with the stakeholders. A summary of the issues/comments raised by the various stakeholders and how the issues were/are addressed at the meetings or by the Project are highlighted in Box 4.1


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Box 4.1: A summary of the Outcome of the Consultation Meetings

Item Description

Place of Meeting PALACE OF HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS EZE EDDA XXIV OF NGUZU and Local Gvt Council

Date March 5, & 19th March, 2014,

Language of Communication

Igbo

Stakeholder Met & Attendance

The Edda King and his cabinet members, village heads, with the representatives of Nguzu Edda and Ebiri Edda representative of Ukejiogo age grade (a very powerful group famous for law enforcement and security), Site committee Members, Local Government council representatives, and women leaders, youth leaders.

Issues/Comments Raised by Communities Response/How they were addressed at the meetings or by the Project

Our people have previously benefitted from World Bank assisted project before and so are confident that this project is going to be a reality and are eagerly expecting its commencement.

As LGA members, we are happy with the intervention work. Where we have relocated to, though it is well built and modern, the building cannot accommodate all our activities

To what extent will the work go, i.e will it extend to the entryway from the major road to the L. G. A. complex where a new gully heads are forming?

When will the work commence as we do not want any other disaster to happen in this area because of this gully erosion. We have lost a number building to the gully erosion.

As far as we are concerned the project will receive our full support and cooperation.

We thank you for telling us this.

The support of the local government is also appreciated in terms of doing her own bit and rebuilding her structures that could be affected by the intervention work.

No. The intervention is for the major gully behind the Local Government Headquarter which has been abandoned due to the menace of the gully erosion.

Once the preparatory stage has been concluded which include the environmental and social studies and report submitted and approved with other elements of the work completed then it will commence.

We are happy to know this and look forward to the support, especially your taking up the responsibility to rebuild the structures that could be affected in course of the intervention work.

Afikpo South LGC Vice Chairman and other Stakeholders

Eze Edda xxiv witn His Cabinet and Site Comittement Members and Consultant

Plate 4.1: Some of the Stakeholders Met


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CHAPTER 8: SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS The proposed intervention work is designed to improved erosion management and gully rehabilitation which will provide for:

Reduced loss of infrastructure including roads, houses, etc.

Reduced loss of agricultural land and productivity from soil loss caused by surface erosion.

Reduced siltation in rivers leading to less flooding and the preservation of the water systems for improved access to domestic water supply.

Reduced risks of floods (due to reduced siltation)

Progressively restore vegetative cover, improved environmental conditions and more humid local microclimates expected to results in increased vegetation cover for wildlife and carbon sequestration.


It is expected that multiplier effects such as employment opportunities, poverty reduction, enhanced national reputation and cultural promotion, among others, will be enhanced. On the other hand, there are also some negative impacts that were identified. The ESMP has revealed that:

The proposed intervention work is most desirable because of the obvious environmental, health and socio-economic benefits. These far out-weigh the negative impacts that could arise in the course of implementation.

Potential impacts of sufficient magnitude that could interrupt the execution of the project were not detected. Although, there were few negative impacts that may potentially occur due to the activities associated with the proposed works but adequate and SMART measures have been provided to address them.

Mitigation measures and management plans have been suggested and developed for the negative impacts.

Appropriate institutional framework has been drawn up to implement the mitigation measures and environmental management plan while the proposed monitoring programmes shall be set in motion as soon as possible.

Generally, the study has indicated that the establishment of the proposed project will not severely impact negatively on the existing environmental, social and health as well as safe conditions of the people, locally, nationally or internationally. This inference is further made strong, owing to the fact that a number of the equipment that would be used at the location would be modern equipment and technologies that have the potentials not to constitute further environmental burdens in relation to the present existing environmental conditions.


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References

Commonwealth of Australia (1999): National Water Quality Management Strategy, Effluent Management Guidelines for Intensive Piggeries in Australia

CSIR. 2002. Guidelines for standardised Environmental Management Plans for projects within the water resource management component of the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. CSIR Report ENV-P-C 2002-032. Prepared for DWAF, Directorate: Social and Ecological Services, Pretoria.

Department of Environmental Affairs & Tourism (DEAT). 2004b. Environmental Management Plans, Integrated Environmental Management Information Series 12. Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria.

Echiegu P. U. (2011):Ebonyi State Presentation to the Joint Three Day Stakeholders Technical Workshop Held in Owerri (October 9 – 13, 2011)

Hill R.C. (2000): Integrated Environmental Management Systems in the implementation of projects. South African Journal of Science 96: 50-54.

Lochner, P. (2005): Guideline for Environmental Management Plans. CSIR Report No ENV-S-C 2005-053 H. Republic of South Africa, Provincial Government of the Western Cape, Department of Environmental Affairs & Development Planning, Cape Town.

Ministry Of Agriculture And Animal Resources (Minagri) (2010): Environmental Management Plan (EMP) For Nyanza 23 Sub Project , Land Husbandry, Water Harvesting And Hillside Irrigation Project (LWH) Prepared by Green and Clean Solution Ltd

Multiple Development Services (MDS )(2010): Environmental Management Plan for Infrastructure (a Multi-level Office Building Complex in Lekki, Lagos

Ramsay , J. (2006): Compendium on Relevant Practices on Improved Decision-Making, Planning and Management of Dams and their Alternatives, Key Issue – Environmental Management Plans, Final Report , United Nations Environment Programme Dams and Development Project, November

UNEP (1988): Environmental Impact Assessment, Basic procedures for developing Countries. World Bank (1999 ): Environmental Management Plan , OP 4.01 - Annex C January, po Federal Republic of Nigeria (1999): Summary of The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

Study Second National Fadama Development Project (NFDP II) Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (2003): Third National Fadama Development Project

(Fadama III), Rural Infrastructure, Manual No. 4, August J. Poesena, J., Nachtergaelea, J., Verstraetena, G., &Valentinb, C (2002): Gully erosion and

environmental change: importance and research needs, Catena 50 (2003) 91–13, www.elsevier.com/locate/catena

LAKEW DESTA & BELAYNEH ADUGNA (2012): A Field Guide on Gully Prevention and Control A Field Guide on Gully Prevention and Control, Nile Basin Initiative Eastern Nile Subsidiary Action Program (ENS AP)

Umec Associates, a Consulting Civil, Structural and Water Resources Engineering firm, is one of the consultants engaged by the Anambra State Ministry of Environment to study and design appropriate erosion control structures for St. Thomas Aquinas/Neros Plaza gully gully erosion site,

Uzoije, A.P, onunkwo, A, A, Ibeneme, S.I and Obioha, E.Y (2014): Hydrogeology Of Nsukka Southeast, – A Preliminary Approach To Water Resources Development, in American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-ISSN : 2320-0847 p-ISSN : 2320-0936 Volume-03, Issue-01, pp-150-162

Civil Contractors Federation (,2011):ENVIRONMENTAL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE GUIDELINEs EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL

International Journal of Engineering and Technology Volume 3 No. 1, January, 2013 ISSN: 2049-3444 © 2013 – IJET Publications UK. All rights reserved. 28

Awogbemi, A. (2013): Project Baseline Assessment Voice to the People (V2P): Making Governance Work for Poor and Marginalised People, Prepared for Christian Aid Nigeria, October.

http://www.elsevier.com/locate/catena


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APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Description of the Components of the Project - The Engineering Profile of the Civil Works Based on the geotechnical survey, it is clear that the problem arose from unguarded floodwater, adequate control measures are highly recommended. This includes control through construction of concrete flood channels, vegetative control methods, use of stone pitches or rip raps. River training to tame the flow pattern may be necessary as uncontrolled river can erode anything on its path including hard rock as shown below.

Nguzu-Edda Gully Erosion Engineering Report, 2012


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Appendix 2: Terms of Reference for the ESMP Preparation

Background

The Government of Nigeria is implementing the multi-sectoral Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP), which is financed by the World Bank, Global Environment Facility, the Special Climate Change Fund, and the Government of Nigeria. NEWMAP finances activities implemented by States and activities implemented by the Federal government. The project currently includes 7 states, namely Anambra, Abia, Cross River, Edo, Enugu, Ebonyi, and Imo. The lead agency at the Federal level is the Federal Ministry of Environment (FME), Department of Erosion, Flood and Coastal Zone Management. State and local governments, local communities and CSOs are or will be involved in the project, given that the project is a multi-sector operation involving MDAs concerned with water resources management, public works, agriculture, regional and town planning, earth and natural resources information, and disaster risk management. The development objective of NEWMAP is: to rehabilitate degraded lands and reduce longer-term erosion vulnerability in targeted areas. At State level, NEWMAP activities involve medium-sized civil works such as construction of infrastructure and/or stabilization or rehabilitation in and around the gullies themselves, as well as small works in the small watershed where gullies form and expand. These works trigger the World Bank’s Safeguard Policies including Environmental Assessment OP 4.01; Natural Habitats OP 4.04; Cultural Property OP 4.11 Involuntary Resettlement OP 4.12 Safety of Dams OP 4.37; Pest Management Safeguard Policy OP 4.09; and Projects on International Waterways OP 7.50. The environmental and social safeguards concerns are being addressed through two national instruments already prepared under the project: an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF). These framework instruments need to be translated into specific costed, measurable, and monitorable actions for specific intervention sites through the preparation of site-specific management and action plans. ESMF. In general, the ESMF specifies the procedures to be used for preparing, approving and implementing (i) environmental/social assessments (ESAs, or alternately both an SA or an EA) and/or (2) environmental/social management plans (ESMPs, or alternately both an EMP and SMP) for individual civil works packages developed for

each project. ESMPs are essential elements for Category B projects. RPF .The RPF applies when land acquisition leads to the temporary or permanent physical displacement of persons, and/or loss of shelter, and /or loss of livelihoods and/or loss, denial or restriction of access to economic resources due to project activities. It sets out the resettlement and compensation principles, organizational arrangements and design criteria to be applied to meet the needs of project-affected people, and specifies the contents of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for each package of investments. Objective and Scope of the Consultancy

The objective of the consulting services is to prepare an environmental and social management plan (ESMP) for the Ebonyi State sub-projects in Nguzu Edda (Afikpo South Local Government Headquarters) intervention site. This TOR covers only the Nguzu Edda (Afikpo South Local Government Headquarters) intervention site. Nguzu Edda (Afikpo South L.G.A. Headquarters) Intervention Site

The Nguzu Edda gully is located in Nguzu Community a suburban in Edda Clan in Afikpo South Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, South-East Nigeria. The gully which is in the administrative headquarters of Afikpo South Local Government Area, lies on the Coordinates 5.751N° and 7.826E° and has a length of 280m, average width of 35.7m, average depth of 22.5m and a total Catchments Area of 0.648 km2. The Local Government Headquarters is located on a spur. Narrow valleys which could have provided pathways for run-offs at the Local Government Headquarters overtime developed into an active and complex gully that pose serious threat to lives, properties and administrative operations of the Local Government Headquarters. Many administrative blocks of the Local Government Council have collapsed into the gully and more are under serious threat. The soil and geological formations, topography, denudative forces and anthropogenic factors are suspected to be responsible for the problem. Urgent intervention is therefore needed at the site to salvage the environment, save lives, property and government infrastructure and to restore the people’s confidence in Government. Details of the gully site are contained in Annex 2. The preparation of the ESMP requires that an engineering design for the site is available. It is also strongly recommended that high resolution digital imagery be acquired for each proposed site intervention. ENGINEERING DESIGNS: Detailed Engineering Designs for the Nguzu Edda site will be presented to the Consultant on request The ESMP is site-specific and consists of a well-documented set of mitigation, monitoring, and institutional actions to

be taken before and during implementation to eliminate adverse environmental and social impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels. The ESMP also includes the measures needed to implement these actions, addressing the adequacy of the monitoring and institutional arrangements for the upper and lower watersheds in the intervention site.


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The consultant will work in close collaboration with the engineering design consultants and NEWMAP State Project Management Unit’s (SPMU) safeguard team, and with other actors as directed by the SPMU. In that respect the sequencing of the technical/feasibility studies and the ESMP will be critical. The consultant will have to receive the draft technical/feasibility studies in order to take into account the technical variants of the proposed activities and also in return inform the technical design consultants of any major constraint that may arise due to the social and environmental situation on the ground. In each intervention site, the consultant will visit the full sub-watershed as delimited in the given gully stabilization design. These sub-watersheds are an average of four square kilometres in southern Nigeria. The consultant will take into account the proposed civil engineering designs, vegetative land management measures and other activities aimed at reducing or managing runoff that would be carried out within the sub-watershed. The consultant will assess natural resources and infrastructures potentially affected during project implementation and operation and select the management strategies needed to ensure that environmental risks are appropriately mitigated. Tasks of the consultant include the following: a) Describe the existing status of the sub-watershed and gullies; b) Identify the environmental and social issues/risks associated with the existing conditions; c) Select and measure appropriate baseline indicators (for example, m3/sec of runoff collected in the sub-watershed during a heavy hour-long rainfall); d) Develop a plan for mitigating environmental and social risks associated with construction and operation in the gully in consultation with the relevant public and government agencies; Identify feasible and cost-effective measures that may reduce potentially significant adverse environmental and social impacts to acceptable levels; e) Develop a time-bound plan for mitigating environmental and social risks associated with sub-watershed management in consultation with the relevant public and government agencies; Identify feasible and cost-effective measures that may reduce potentially significant adverse environmental and social impacts to acceptable levels; f) Identify monitoring objectives and specifies the type of monitoring, with linkages to the impacts assessed and the mitigation measures described above(in a-e); g) Provide a specific description of institutional arrangements: the agencies responsible for carrying out the mitigation and monitoring measures (e.g., for operation, supervision, enforcement, monitoring of implementation, remedial action, financing, reporting, and staff training) and the contractual arrangements for assuring the performance of each implementing agency; h) Define technical assistance programs that could strengthen environmental management capability in the agencies responsible for implementation; i) Provide an implementation schedule for measures that must be carried out as part of the project, showing phasing and coordination with overall project implementation plans; and j) Provide the expected capital and recurrent cost estimates and sources of funds for implementing the ESMP and inform accordingly the design consultants so that these costs are duly taken into consideration in the designs. The following socio-economic issues shall be addressed in the ESMP: • A summary of the impacted communities for the project: location, access, population (number, demographic and social characteristics); economy (employment rate, income distribution); services (types, capacity, and adequacy) and housing. Concern is the ability to provide work force, service new development and absorb and adjust to growth (worker/family). • A summary of the views of the population including vulnerable groups, determined through thoroughly documented discussions with local communities. These meetings and discussions must be documented and should show how issues and problems raised are or will be resolved (note that a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) could be developed for the Site, and this is covered under separate TORs). • Cultural: Summarize the possible effects of the project on historical/archaeological sites, heritage/artifacts, native religious or harvest sites of the affected communities and identification or development of mechanisms for handling chance findings. Information will be gathered from field surveys and secondary data sources (interviews, structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions). Other Tasks:

The consultant shall assist the SPMU to: (i) Register the ESMP with the environmental assessment (EA) departments at Federal and State levels; and (ii) Disclose the finalized ESMP at National, State, LGA and Community levels. Qualifications

The consultant(s) must have expertise and advanced degrees earned in relevant fields including but not limited to: civil/environmental engineering, environmental sciences, or the social sciences. Minimum experience should be eight (8) years with a minimum specific experience of four (4) years on planning related to infrastructure development or disaster response. The consultant(s) must have experience in design and preparation of an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for infrastructure projects. The consultant(s) must have competency and documented experience in social and environmental scientific analysis and development of operational action plans. The consultant(s) must have a working knowledge of World Bank operational safeguards policies gained through hands-on experience in the preparation and implementation of environmental and social management plans in an urban area. Deliverables and timing


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• Inception Report: One week after contract signing. • Week 4: A draft ESMP will be submitted for comments in Four weeks from the date of signing the contract. • Week 6: The draft final ESMP Report will take into account all comments, and will be submitted to the SPMU. • Week 8: The Final ESMP acceptable to Ebonyi State and to the World Bank. A comprehensive database of relevant

information collected in Excel format. Project-specific background documents

• Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) • Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) • NEWMAP Project Appraisal Document (PAD) • NEWMAP Project Implementation Manual (PIM) • World Bank safeguards policies • Intervention design Payment Schedule

20% of Contract sum on successful conclusion of inception deliverable 30 % of Contract sum on submission of Draft Report 40% of Contract sum on submission of Draft Final Report 10% of Contract sum of submission and Acceptance of Final Report Annex 1: Outline and Substance of the ESMP report

The ESMP Report shall be presented in a concise format containing all studies, processes, analyses, tests and recommendations for the proposed intervention. The report shall focus on the findings, conclusions and any recommended actions, supported by summaries of the data collected and citations for any references used. The ESMP report will include the following topics, organized in a suggested outline that can be adjusted for local needs: Cover page Table of contents List of acronyms and their definitions Executive Summary Chapter 1: Introduction • Description of the proposed intervention • Rationale for ESMP • Map Chapter 2: Institutional and Legal Framework for Environmental Management • Discussion of the World Bank safeguard policies triggered by NEWMAP and the proposed activity • Summary of relevant local and federal policy, legal, regulatory, and administrative frameworks Chapter 3: Biophysical Environment • Description of the area of influence and environmental baseline conditions Chapter 4: Socio-Economic Characteristics and Consultation with Stakeholders • Analysis of existing livelihoods opportunities, income, gender characteristics, age profile, health, transport access, existing community structures – at watershed, community, household, and individual levels • Analysis of existing formal and informal grievance redress mechanisms in and around the intervention area • Presentation of consultations with relevant stakeholders and affected persons • Other topics as relevant Chapter 5: Assessment of Potential Adverse Impacts and Analysis of Alternatives • Methods and techniques used in assessing and analyzing the environmental and social impacts of the proposed project • Discussion of alternatives to the current project and reasons for their rejection, including short description of likely future scenario without intervention; • Discussion of the potentially significant adverse environmental and social impacts of the proposed project Chapter 6: Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP),including: • Discussion of the proposed mitigation measures • Institutional responsibilities and accountabilities • Capacity building plan • Public consultation plan • Description of grievance redress mechanism (in alignment with the ESMF, RPF, RAP, and Project Implementation Manual) to address situations of conflicts or disagreements about some of the project activities • Monitoring and evaluation plan, including suitable indicators for the proposed project • Costs of implementing the ESMP Chapter 7: Summary, Recommendations and Conclusion Annex 1: List of Persons Met Annex 2: Summary of World Bank Safeguard Policies Annex 3: General Environmental Management Conditions for Construction Contracts/Civil Works. Annex 4: References Annex5: Summary of the data base of information collected for ESMP Annex6: Maps Annex7: Photos


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Appendix 3: Summary of World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies (10+2)

Use of Country Systems (OP 4.00). The Bank's environmental and social ("safeguard") policies are designed to avoid, mitigate, or minimize adverse environmental and social impacts of projects supported by the Bank. The Bank encourages its borrowing member countries to adopt and implement systems that meet these objectives while ensuring that development resources are used transparently and efficiently to achieve desired outcomes.

Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01). Outlines Bank policy and procedure for the environmental assessment of Bank lending operations. The Bank undertakes environmental screening of each proposed project to determine the appropriate extent and type of EA process. This environmental process will apply to all sub-projects to be funded.

Natural Habitats (OP 4.04). The conservation of natural habitats, like other measures that protect and enhance the environment, is essential for long-term sustainable development.

Pest Management (OP 4.09). The policy supports safe, affective, and environmentally sound pest management. It promotes the use of biological and environmental control methods. An assessment is made of the capacity of the country’s regulatory framework and institutions to promote and support safe, effective, and environmentally sound pest management.

Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12). This policy covers direct economic and social impacts that both result from Bank-assisted investment projects, and are caused by (a) the involuntary taking of land resulting in (i) relocation or loss of shelter; (ii) loss of assets or access to assets, or (iii) loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected persons must move to another location; or (b) the involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas resulting in adverse impacts on the livelihoods of the displaced persons. The ESMF and RPF reports discuss the applicability of this policy in detail.

Indigenous Peoples (OD 4.20). This directive provides guidance to ensure that indigenous peoples benefit from development projects, and to avoid or mitigate adverse effects of Bank-financed development projects on indigenous peoples. Measures to address issues pertaining to indigenous peoples must be based on the informed participation of the indigenous people themselves. Sub-projects that would have negative impacts on indigenous people will not be funded

Forests (OP 4.36). This policy applies to the following types of Bank-financed investment projects: (a) projects that have or may have impacts on the health and quality of forests; (b) projects that affect the rights and welfare of people and their level of dependence upon or interaction with forests; and (c) projects that aim to bring about changes in the management, protection, or utilization of natural forests or plantations, whether they are publicly, privately, or communally owned. The Bank does not finance projects that, in its opinion, would involve significant conversion or degradation of critical forest areas or related critical habitats.

Physical Cultural Properties (OP 4.11). Assist in preserving physical cultural resources and avoiding their destruction or damage. PCR includes resources of archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious (including graveyards and burial sites), aesthetic, or other cultural significance..

Safety of Dams (OP 4.37). For the life of any dam, the owner is responsible for ensuring that appropriate measures are taken and sufficient resources provided for the safety to the dam, irrespective of its funding sources or construction status. The Bank distinguishes between small and large dams.

Projects on International Waterways (O 7.50). The Bank recognizes that the cooperation and good will of riparians is essential for the efficient utilization and protection of international waterways and attaches great importance to riparians making appropriate agreements or arrangement for the entire waterway or any part thereof.

Disputed Areas (OP/BP/GP 7.60). Project in disputed areas may occur in the Bank and its member countries as well as between the borrower and one or more neighbouring countries. Any dispute over an area in which a proposed project is located requires formal procedures at the earliest possible stage.

Disclosure Policy (OP 17.50). Supports decision making by the Borrower and Bank by allowing the public access to information on environmental and social aspects of projects. This policy is mandated by six safeguard policies that have specific requirements for disclosure in country (Before project appraisal in local language and in English) and World Bank INFO-Shop (Before project appraisal in English). Documents can be in draft but must meet WB standards).


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Appendix 4: Environmental Quality Standards and Criteria - Permissible Levels

Ambient Air Quality Standards

S/N Emissions and Ambient Air Quality Indicators

Average Period World Bank Guideline

NAAQS

1 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 24 hour 20 26

10 minutes 500

2 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

1 year 40

24 hour 200 75

3 Particulate matter (PM10)

1 year 20

24 hour 50 250

4 Ozone 8 hour daily max 100 Nigeria National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

Air Pollutants Emission Limits

Particulates 250 (ug/m3)

SO2 0.1 (ppm)

Non-methane Hydrocarbon 160 (ug/m3)

CO 11 (ug/m3) or 10 (ppm)

NOX 0.04-0.06 (ppm)

Photochemical Oxidant 0.06 (ppm)

Noise Exposure Limits for NigeriaMaximum Permissible Noise Levels for General Environment

COLUMN COLUMN 2

Maximum Permissible NOISE LIMITSdB (A) (Leq)

DAY NIGHT

A Any building used as hospital, convalescence home, home for the aged,

sanatorium and institutes of higher learning, conference rooms, public

library, environmental or recreational sites.

45 35

B Residential buildings 50 35

C Mixed residential (with some commercial and entertainment) 55 45

D Residential + industry or small scale production + commerce 60 50

E Industrial (outside perimeter fence) 70 60

Above noise levels are weighed average in the facility over the hours defined for night and day below.

Time frame: use duration : Day - 6.00a.m – 10.00p.m, Night - 10.00p.m – 6.00a.m

The time frame takes into consideration human activity.

Maximum Permissible Noise Levels (Continuous or Intermittent Noise) from a factory or Workshop

Column 1 Column 2 Column 3

Leq dB (A) Duration (Daily) Duration (Weekly)

85 8 hours 40 hours

88 4 hours 20 hours

91 2 hours 10 hours

94 1 hours 5 hours

97 30 minutes 2.5 hours

100 15 minutes 1.25 hours

106 7.5 minutes 37.5 minutes

109 1.875 minutes 9.375 minutes

Noise Levels shall not exceed a Leq of: Factory/Workshops 85 dB (A), Offices 50 dB (A), Factory/Workshop Compound 75 dB (A).

World Bank Ambient Noise Standards*

Receptor One Hour LAeq (dBA)

Daytime 07:00 - 22:00 Nighttime 22:00 - 07:00

Residential; institutional; educational

55 45

Industrial; commercial 70 70


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Appendix 4: Environmental Quality Standards and Criteria - Permissible Levels

Comparative Figures of Limits for Substances Affecting the Acceptability of Water for Domestic Purposes

Substances WHO Limits International Limits

European Limits

USA Limits EEC Limits

Highest Desirable Maximum Permissible Guide Level Maximum Admissible

Phenolic compound (as phenol)

0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 - 0.001

Fluoride (as F)

1.0-1.7 - 0.2-1.7 0.7-1.5 - 0.7-1.5

Nitrate as (NO3)

50.100 - - 10 (as N) - 0.7-1.5

pH - 7.0-8.5 6.5-9.2 6.5-8.2 6.5-8.5 9.5 Copper(as Cu2+)

0.5 0.05 1.5 1.0 - 0.05

Iron(as Fe2+) 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.5 0.1 0.05 Manganese(as Mn2+)

0.05 0.05 0.5 0.1 0.02 0.5

Zinc (as Zn2+)

5.0 5.0 15 5.0 - 0.1

Magnesium(as Mg2+)

50.125 50-150 150 - 50 50

Sulphate(as SO4 2-

150 200 400 500 50 50

Hydrogen Sulphate (as H2S)

0.05 - - Sulphides - nil

Chloride (as Cl-)

200-600 200 600 350 5 200

Chlorine (free)

- - - nil - -

Anionic detergent

0.2 0.2 1.0 - - 0.1

Ammonia(asNH4)

0.5 - - 2.0(as N) 0.05 0.5

Carbon dioxide (free)

nil - - - - -

Calcium (as Ca2+)

- 75 200 - 100 -

Mineral oil - 0.01 0.5 0.5 - 0.01 Mineral oil with high Sulphur content

- - 0.1 0.1 - -

Turbidity (units)

- 5 25 1.5 5 10

Organics 0.2-0.5 - - -

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Environmental Social Management Plan for Gully Erosion Intervention Works –

Appendix 5: Stakeholders met and Summary of the Meetings,

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Item Description

Place of Meeting PALACE OF HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS EZE EDDA XXIV OF NGUZU

Date March 5, & 19th March, 2014,

Language of Communication

Igbo

Stakeholder Met & Attendance

The Edda King and his cabinet members, village heads, with the representatives of Nguzu Edda and Ebiri Edda representative of Ukejiogo age grade (a very powerful group famous for law enforcement and security), Site committee Members, Local Government council representatives, women leaders, youth leaders.

Opening Remark

After the opening prayer Mrs Chinwendu Okorie of Ebonyi State NEWMAP opened the session by giving an overview of NEWMAP and the proposed work at the gully site. She said that we have been hearing about this proposed action and have been in eager anticipation for its actualisation. Now it has come very close to being actualized. We have today to consult with you as we have done previously to seek your opinion on the social impact of the proposed work at the site. This is part of the requirements before the work could commence. The purpose of the visit with regard to RAP and ESMP and their uses were explained management tools that presents strategies and procedures for managing potential environment and social impacts associated with the proposed action. It was also emphasized that Resettlement Action Plan aims to assess and identify displacement of asset and people with regard to the proposed works at the gully erosion site and to prepare an action plan to be implemented in coordination with the civil works in line with World Bank Policies and Nigerian Laws.

The project The Government of Nigeria is implementing the multi-sectoral Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP), which is financed by the World Bank, Global Environment Facility, the Special Climate Change Fund, and the Government of Nigeria with the objective of rehabilitating degraded lands and reduce longer-term erosion vulnerability in targeted areas.

Need for the public Involvement

Information dissemination and consultation with stakeholders, especially the project Affected Person (PAPs) in order to reduce the potential for conflicts, minimises the risk of project delays, and enables the project to properly carter as a comprehensive development programme the needs and priorities of the PAPs. This provides an opportunity to all the stakeholders in the proposed sites to raise issues and concerns pertaining to the project, and allow the identification of alternatives and recommendations. Specific objectives of the public information campaign and public consultation include: fully share information about the proposed project, its components and its activities, with affected people, obtain information about the needs of the affected people, and their reactions to the proposed activities; ensure transparency in all activities related to land acquisition and ask local residents especially the Interested and Affected Parties about the problem anticipated with the project and how these can be overcome.

Stakeholders’ Queries and Concerns

1. Have the consultants visited the site? 2. To what extent will the work go i.e will it extend to the entrance of the L. G. A. complex

where a new head is forming? 3. What are the criteria for compensation? 4. When will the work commence?. 5. How will those with economic trees along the corridor be compensated?

Stakeholders’ General Perception about the Project

Generally happy about commencement of the socioeconomic survey express joy on the high level commitment by Word Bank and the Nigerian Government to execute the project. The Nguzu community and Ekoli community sacrificed a lot to build some council blocks and so will be so happy to see it brought back to functionality especially as the new place is not spacious enough. As far as they are concerned the project will receive their full support and cooperation. They have previously benefitted from World Bank assisted project before and so they are confident that this project is going to be a reality and are eagerly expecting its commencement.

Responses to Stakeholders’ Concerns/How Issues are Address by the Project(design/operation)

Yes the site has been visited severally and physical condition of the place has been evaluated, the engineering design has been made for construction. Once these environmental and social studies haven bene completed and report submitted and approved, then the work will commence. The questionnaires that will be administered will help to assess the socioeconomic condition of the host community. Another, will identify the project affected persons and evaluate their potential losses.

Other Activities Rrefreshment for the participants, Group photographs of stakeholders, Visit to the Local Government council and meeting the Vice Chairman and revisit to the gully site

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Appendix 6 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES (ADAPTED FROM Fraser Thomas Ahuareka Trust No.2 Ltd (2012)) Required erosion and sediment control measures will be installed and maintained during the works in accordance with best practice. This section summarises the proposed erosion and sediment control measures for the site during earthworks. Staging Staging reduces the time exposed ground is prone to erosion and breaks down earthworks into smaller work packages. This reduces the area and time from stripping topsoil to permanent stabilisation. Proposed Sequencing The expected sequence of bulk earthworks and associated activities is summarised below:

Install all silt/sediment control structures required for each stage for the main earthworks, including silt fences, flume/pipe drop structure, decanting earth bunds, sediment retention ponds, diversion drains/bunds and construction entrance for machinery access to site, as appropriate. Obtain approval from Engineer prior to commencing works

Remove vegetation as required

Strip topsoil and unsuitable materials and stockpile (separately) on designated stockpile areas

Spread excess topsoil over effluent disposal areas (after erosion and sediment control measures are installed)

Undertake earthworks, filling and compacting (with drying when required) all fill areas with cut volumes. Any unsuitable materials will be removed off-site as clean-fill (with approval) if unable to be disposed on-site.

Install essential services, wastewater & storm-water infrastructure, swales and culverts etc

Form inlet/outlet structures and diffuse discharge devices or energy dissipaters (detailed design to be completed)

Re-spread topsoil across cut/fill and disturbed areas not designated for hard stand

Mulch, hydroseed or grass all batters and exposed surfaces, as appropriate. Mulching or hydroseeding will be done on intermediate exposed surfaces, while grassing will be done on completed earthworks areas. This will be done progressively as different areas are completed and must be completed prior to 30 April, unless approval is obtained for “winter works”.

Vegetation Removal/Plantation Vegetation tends to improve erosion and sediment control by binding of the soil via root systems of trees, grass and other vegetation, which provides mechanical reinforcement and resists erosion by surface water. It also reduces surface water flows via increased seepage due to roots and by the evapotranspiration process. Vegetation strips also enhance the natural sediment filtering process. Vegetation removal within the disturbance areas shall be postponed as much as practicable prior to commencement of the stage area. These areas shall be stabilised as soon as practicable. Earthworks Trenchless methodology and mole plough installations will be encouraged as they generally cause less land disturbance. The majority of the below ground services can be installed by way of work packages that are no more than a couple of days long, undertaking excavation, laying bedding & pipe and final inspections prior to starting the next length. We believe this methodology will significantly reduce the time disturbed ground is exposed and allow permanent stabilisation measures to be taken as soon as practicable. Contour Drains & Surface Roughening Contour drains or excavated channels are constructed to convey water across sloping land on a minimal gradient, the purpose being to break overland flow down disturbed slopes by limiting slope length and thus the erosive power of runoff. Surface roughening can also be used to reduce runoff velocity and aid establishment of vegetative cover and assist in sediment trapping. Contour drains will be diverted into the dirty water diversion drains and constructed according to the table on

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Temporary Diversion Drains/Bunds Diversion drains/bunds will be installed upgradient of earthwork areas for the diversion of clean runoff flows around disturbed or exposed areas and discharged at appropriate locations following energy dissipation and flow distribution structures. Temporary pipe drop structures or flumes (constructed of watertight materials) will be utilised to convey clean water through the works area where required during stage overlaps or due to diversion hydraulics. These drop structures/flumes will protect the sediment removal devices from overloading due to upgradient runoff. Runoff collection drains/bunds will be used to collect dirty runoff from the topsoil stockpiles, access road, joint owned access ways, and bulk earthworks areas and convey it to the sediment removal devices.

Proprietary Sediment Retention Plant Due to the steep topography in some locations of the proposed earthwork areas and buffer zones, it may be necessary for the contractor to employ proprietary sediment retention plant. This will reduce the additional earthworks required to construct sediment retention ponds on steep grades and allow treatment at source rather than constructing extensive networks of diversion drains. It can also be utilised in conjunction with sediment ponds or decanting earth ponds for dewatering and maintenance. Stockpile Areas During earthworks, it is estimated that a total of approximately 40,000m3 of topsoil will be stripped from the bulk earthwork areas. In addition it is expected there will be some material unsuitable for engineered fill, imported material and material due to relocated as part of cut to fill bulk earthworks. All stockpiles will be located within the bulk earthwork areas or just outside, but within the catchment of the erosion and sediment control devices. Diversion bunds will be provided around the stockpile areas and laid to drain to the sediment removal devices. Dust Control Measures Appropriate dust control measures will be implemented at the site where necessary, such as the use of water carts to dampen exposed areas, or mulching. Dust control measures will be implemented in accordance with health & safety requirements and conditions of consent. Mulching, Temporary and Permanent Seeding The primary objective of erosion and sediment control is to minimise the time ground is exposed prior to permanent stabilisation. If delays occur during the works or an intermediate form of stabilisation is required (such as on stockpiles or on subgrade prior to final grading), mulching or hydro-seeding may be utilised. Permanent stabilisation can be achieved via the application of topsoil (100mm minimum), followed by seeding or planting. Permanent stabilisation is designed to permanently stabilise soil on disturbed areas to reduce sediment and runoff to downstream or off-site areas. Culvert Installation Procedure The following procedure applies to all culvert located in natural gullies and outlines culvert installation in terms of ESC:

a) Check all erosion and sediment controls and make necessary repairs. b) Install perimeter controls – silt fences and diversion drains/bunds, including a 300mm diameter

Siltsoxx or equivalent across the gully, below the works area. c) Install a temporary bund across the gully at the upgradient end of the works, to capture and

temporarily store any runoff flowing through the works area while step 4 is undertaken. This shall remain until all civil works are complete. Steps 3 and 4 will only be done during fine weather, ideally after several days without rain, and should be completed within one day. A 2m minimum width bund will be installed at an appropriate location comprising of a 1.0m nominal height of compacted earthen bund.

d) If required, runoff outflow flume will be by at least two 150mm diameter SN16 pipes installed

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through the bund at the base (1) and mid-way height (1) to provide further contingency, should these works continue beyond one day or an unexpected heavy rainfall event occur. These pipes will normally be capped. At nighttime or following heavy rainfall, they shall be connected to 150mm diameter non-perforated draincoil, which will be run through the works area to discharge to the natural stream channel below the lower Siltsoxx. If gravity flow is not possible, overland flows may be pumped through the works area.

e) Undertake required works within the bunded area to the relevant engineering specification, clearing the works area of any accumulated silt/sediment on completion of the works (manual removal or off-site tankerage).

f) Grass, hydros-eed or mulch where applicable. The use of biodegradable geotextile soil blanket may be required for the stream reinstatement.

g) Remove any Siltsoxx temporary bunds at the upper and lower ends of the works. The following measures will be undertaken during swale/culvert construction to minimise the potential for silt/sediment generation and erosion:

a) Completing the works as quickly as practical and after detailed planning of required work package inputs.

b) Working in dry weather to reduce the risk of runoff flowing down the open channel system. c) Constructing the culvert crossing using high quality materials in accordance with the

civil/geotechnical engineering specifications.

d) Monitoring of the silt fence at the downstream end of the works area following any significant rainfall event to ensure it is effective and not allowing silt/sediment to seep through it.

e) Integration with planting contractor to ensure planting as soon as practical.

MAINTENANCE The sediment control measures shall be regularly monitored during operations and after any significant rain event should this occur during construction. Maintenance of all structures including silt fences, decanting earth bunds, diversion drains and/or bunds shall be carried out throughout the course of site earthworks and restoration. Exposed surfaces should be stabilised with grass by hydroseeding or by geotextile fabric or mulching, and reinstated as soon as practicable after works. Maintenance shall be the responsibility of the contractor and shall be carried out daily-weekly and subsequent to any storm event that produces runoff. DECOMMISSIONING Sediment control works may only be decommissioned once it has been determined that all surface soils have been suitably stabilized through consultation and inspection by the contractor, council and design engineer. Decommissioning shall be undertaken by light weight equipment or manually where possible and include the following:

a. Respread any topsoil stockpiled and decommission the topsoil stockpiling area b. Backfill any temporary collection drains and/or remove any diversion bunds and turf or

sow grass seed as appropriate c. Removing all silt fences, and any accumulated silt/sediment and reinstating the ground

surface in those areas by turfing, sowing grass or planting as appropriate d. Remove the embankments, bunds and decant structure. Reinstate the areas by grassing e. Remove the construction entrance once earthworks are complete and mulch or sow

grass seed as appropriate f. Remove any temporary sediment control devices on stormwater inlets g. Integration with wetland planting contractor.

COMMUNICATION, INFORMATION AND MONITORING It is important that good relations be maintained with potentially affected neighbours and the local community throughout the duration of earthworks. Immediate neighbours will be informed of the intended scope and duration of earthworks and associated

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activities at least one week in advance. They will be kept informed of any changes to earthworks scheduling throughout the duration of the works. All site contractors, including sub-contractors shall be made familiar with this plan prior to the commencement of any site works.. SEDIMENT AND EROSION Sediment will be removed by the various sediment control measures proposed for this site, primarily silt fences, sediment retention ponds, decanting earth bunds and proprietary devices were required. Detailed design of these devices in accordance with best practice will be undertaken as part of a regional consent application. RUNOFF CONTROL Runoff volumes are likely to increase during earthworks due to a change in the ground surface from grass and vegetation to bare soil. Earthworks will be monitored on site by the supervising engineer, who will review sediment control performance. Overall, given the application of the aforementioned measures, the associated potential negative environmental effects are considered manageable. However additional mitigation measures for runoff control are able to be installed where deemed necessary. NEIGHBOURHOOD EFFECTS The main neighbourhood effects associated with earthworks are noise and dust. Dust from site earthworks and associated activities is considered to be minor and will be minimised by a number of measures, including wetting and mulching, to mitigate potential negative effects on neighbours. Noise will be produced by construction machinery and equipment during normal working hours over the earthworks period. Construction noise shall meet the limits in and be measured and assessed in accordance with NESREA requirements. Work shall not continue on the site if compliance with the above standard is not achieved. Mitigation measures to reduce noise levels will be implemented, if required. ECOSYSTEMS An assessment of ecological features, constraints and opportunities has been undertaken based on this report. Best practise site sediment controls to prevent degradation of the natural environment shall apply. Adequate measures shall be taken to minimise the potential for silt/sediment to enter the downstream receiving environments, while the proposed maintenance regime will check that these measures are in place and functioning properly. Hence, it is considered that the potential negative effects of earthworks on any ecosystems in the receiving environment will be avoided or mitigated by these means provided the measures are correctly constructed and maintained.

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Appendix 7: General Environmental Management Conditions For Construction Contracts

5.4.1 Project Concept Development schedule must be clearly defined and timing of construction spread evenly and according to phases. The innovative concept of design with nature, will not only minimize the impact of the project on the environment thus making it environmentally acceptable but will also enhance the project visually. Some of the concepts that are impeded in the concept that must be promoted in the final stage include:

Making use of natural topography where possible;

Exploiting natural features to merit and

Balancing cut and fill.

5.4.2 Designing The design needs to incorporate the findings of this ESMP or any other studies conducted such as hydrological, geo-technical or soil erosion risk areas. Mitigating measures proposed to minimize environmental impact need to be incorporated into the project design. Design of silt ponds and retention ponds for example should be able to cope with the surface run-off during construction and the most adverse weather conditions. 5.2.3 Construction and Operation During construction, earthwork is the most critical stage and the problems of soil erosion need to be urgently addressed. Soil erosion created a host of other associated problems including siltation, deterioration of water quality and flooding of areas downstream offsite. 5.4.4 Control of Earthworks Earthworks contribute the highest impact if not carried out with proper environmental control.. There is a need to plan the earthworks and implement control measures at the earliest stage. Appropriate sediment control measures must be put in place before earthworks commence. Earthworks shall be scheduled to avoid rainy season and detailed earthworks plan shall be prepared and endorsed by a professional engineer. 5.5.1 Environmental Code of Conduct- Integrating into project design and tender documents The mitigation measures and the general Environmental code of Conduct developed herewith shall be integrated into the project design and tender documents. Using this approach, the mitigation measures and code of conduct will automatically become part of the project implementation. By including mitigation measures in the contract or in specific items in the Bill of Quantities, monitoring and supervision, mitigation measure implementation shall be covered under the normal engineering supervision provisions of the contract. This is considered necessary in order to hold Contractors financially and in some cases criminally liable for adverse impact that result from failure to implement contracted required mitigated measures and code of conduct. The levels at which these shall be incorporated are outlined below: Project Design The mitigation measures should be integrated in the design of the project itself. Such a step will enhance the mitigation measures in terms of specific mitigation design, cost estimation of the mitigation measure, and specific implementation criteria. The mitigation measure integration in the design phase will also help in strengthening the benefits and sustainability of the project. Project Contract The project contractor should be bound by the parameters identified in the environmental and social assessment pertaining to specific mitigation measures in the contract. The final acceptance of the completed works should not occur until the environmental clauses have been satisfactorily implemented. Bill of Quantities The tender instruction to bidders should explicitly mention the site-specific mitigation measures to be performed, the materials to be used, labor camp arrangements, and waste disposal areas, as well other site specific environmental requirements. Such a definition would clearly exhibit the cost requirement to

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undertake mitigation measures, which otherwise might be lost as the bidders in an attempt to be more competitive may not include the price realistic enough to fund mitigation measures and other protection measures. Supervision and Monitoring The purpose of supervision is to make sure that specific mitigation parameters identified in the environmental and social assessment and as bound by the contract is satisfactorily implemented. Likewise, monitoring is necessary such that the mitigation measures are actually put into practice. Social Integration and Participation As a matter of principles, Social inclusions or community participation in the site project execution shall be managed, in particular through the inclusion of clauses that involve the following measures:

Community participation - Participation in decision- making built into the planning and implementation of the intervention works to allow local people a voice in matters concerning them.

Integration with host populations & promotion of social inclusion - Use existing local groups such as the site committees rather than form new ones –

Social Inclusion & Avoidance of elite Capture/ Vulnerable groups- Include special efforts (affirmative action) to fully integrate socially marginalized people into the society

Gender issues- The empowerment of women is essential for public good, so ensure opportunities to involve at least 50% women

Implementation Arrangements- Include and ensure community participation and oversight of the intervention work

Accountability in the use of public funds - Ensure participatory planning, budgeting and monitoring and public information dissemination on fund use

Implementation schedule - Affected persons and site committee members/CDOs/CDAs should be abreast of the schedule

Project Monitoring - Ensure local communities play a role in the monitoring framework.

Erosion and Sediment Control Plan Contractor should develop an Erosion and Sediment Control Plan with the objectives to:

Minimize disturbance to areas where erosion may occur, including steep slopes and exposed land

Stage construction to minimize the area worked on at any one time, to minimize the extent and duration of temporary stockpiles and to ensure revegetation can occur in a staged manner, so as to reduce the risk of silt/sediment running off the site and entering the downstream receiving environment

Ensure exposed areas are stabilized as soon as practicable by sowing or mulching to prevent erosion

Install perimeter controls such as diversion drains, silt fences and a construction entrance to prevent sediment leaving the site

Install temporary decanting earth bunds for silt/sediment removal from runoff. Install temporary sediment removal ponds for silt/sediment removal from runoff provide guidance

in case of unforeseen events including poor weather ensure all control measures are inspected and repaired after storm events

Ensure that the site is rehabilitated prior to the removal of sediment control measures Mitigate dust emissions from the site during earthworks so as not to adversely affect any nearby

properties Minimize potential environmental effects.

Control of Water Quality Other than sediment that can cause deterioration of water quality, the discharge of untreated sewage and sullage especially form workers’ quarters can be another source of pollutants. Temporary sanitary facilities that comply with the requirements of Sewerage Services should be provided in the workers quarters. Waste Management Plan

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Dispose overburden or earth spoils in designated spoil tips. Open burning of waste, construction materials such as formworks and bio-mass removed is strictly prohibited. These materials should be chipped and carted away to appropriate location or used as fuel. Create awareness amongst community members not to dump waste in the treated gully. 5.5.6 Control of Air and Noise Pollution As the need arises, water spraying facility shall be provided during earthworks and wheels of vehicles or machinery used for transportation of construction materials shall be cleaned before leaving the construction site so as not to litter the roads with mud and soil. Generally, noise in the boundary of the site shall be controlled with the use of manual machines that are equally effective as much as possible and noise level shall not exceed 55 dB(A) during the day as much as possible.

5.7 Example Format: EHS Incident Notification

EHS Incident Notification Provide within 24 hrs to the Supervising Engineer Originators Reference No:......................................................................................................... Date of Incident:................................................................. Time:........................ Location of incident:................................................................................................................... Name of Person(s) involved:....................................................................................................... Employing Company:.................................................................................................................... Type of Incident:............................................................................................................................ Description of Incident: Where, when, what, how, who, operation in progress at the time (only factual) Immediate Action: Immediate remedial action and actions taken to prevent reoccurrence or escalation Signature (Name, Title, Date):..................................................................................................... Contractor Representative

Contract: Period of reporting: EHS management actions/measures: Summarize EHS management actions/measures taken during period of reporting, including planning and management activities (e.g. risk and impact assessments), EHS training, specific design and work measures taken, etc. EHS incidents: Report on any problems encountered in relation to EHS aspects, including its consequences (delays, costs) and corrective measures taken. Include relevant incident reports. EHS compliance: Report on compliance with Contract EHS conditions, including any cases of non-compliance. Changes: Report on any changes of assumptions, conditions, measures, designs and actual works in relation to EHS aspects. Concerns and observations: Report on any observations, concerns raised and/or decisions taken with regard to EHS management during site meetings and visits. Signature (Name, Title Date): Contractor Representative

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Appendix 8 : Indicative Framework for Assessing and Mainstreaming Gender Concerns

Preamble

Nigeria made several commitments to ensuring that gender issues are not only a part of the

national discourse but also that they are integrated into policies and development programs.

These commitments are contained in frameworks such as the Vision 20:2020 Plan, the

National gender Policy and the United Nations’ MDGs framework.

To this end and as part of project preparation, a gender study and consultations with

communities should be conducted to assess the challenges and opportunities for the

mainstreaming of gender concerns in the use of, access to and maintenance of roads.

Objective

1. Ascertain how to promote women’s participation in the project and in

particular in treated gully maintenance activities.

2. Determine under what conditions women could participate in the community-

based treated gully maintenance activities.

As part of project preparation, a gender study and consultations with communities should be

conducted to assess the challenges and opportunities for the mainstreaming of gender

concerns in the use of, access to and maintenance of treated gully areas.

Focus/Scope of the Study

In particular, the study should provide information on:

- Women’s agricultural and income0generating needs: aims to assess women’s needs

and identify ways to address such needs, including during and after gully treatments.

- Women’s voice in community consultation: aims to identify mechanisms to ensure

women’s preferences are reflected in community consultations in the course of project

implementation

- Women’s participation in community-based maintenance: aims to identify context-

specific entry points and mechanisms (e.g. quotas) for women’s participation in the

maintenance of rehabilitated treated gully areas.

- Project impact on women’s livelihoods: recommend indicators or give indications on

sex-disaggregation of existing indicators to reflect the project direct and indirect impact

on women’s livelihoods.