esee 2011
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ESEE 2011. Improving e-waste policies: The role of post-normal indicators. Cédric Gossart. Jaco Huisman. What is e-waste?. Waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) > 50 Mt every year in the world Fastest growth rate among all types of wastes E-wastes are hazardous waste - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Improving e-waste policies:
The role of post-normal
indicatorsCédric
Gossart
Jaco
Huisman
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What is e-waste?
Waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)
> 50 Mt every year in the world
Fastest growth rate among all types of wastes
E-wastes are hazardous waste
They cause ecological, health, and ethical problems
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Life cycle of ICTs
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page 6http://ewasteguide.info/images_galleries
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page 7Credits: Cédric Gossart, StEP, http://www.step-initiative.org/pdf/annual-report/Annual_Report_2010.pdf
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E-waste policies
Europe: The WEEE directive
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/weee
http://www.step-initiative.org/
USA: A patchwork of heterogenous policies
http://www.electronicsrecycling.org
China: WEEE directive in place in 2011
http://www.bcrc.cn page 9
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How (in)effective?
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Sweden
Switzerland
Denmark
Belgium
Germany
Ireland
Austria
Hungary
United Kingdom
Czech Republic
Greece
Portugal
Slovak Republic
France
Netherlands
Luxembourg*
Poland
Slovenia
SpainRomania
Lithuania
ItalyEstonia
Latvia
"Official Collection" as % of EEE Put on Market (in the same yr)
65% of POM 2016
45% of POM 2013
2009 EU Collection ranking 3.1 Mton = +/- 37% of all WEEE/ = 28% of EEE (3yr placed on market)
* Luxembourg to high PPP to be properly estimated, Finland, Malta, Cyprus unknown** Germany: unclear treatment amounts after collection
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Carrots or sticks? « It depends… » (says the economist) Spin doctors’ piece of (expensive) advice:
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The StEP carrot: the E-waste Solutions Index
(ESI)
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Agregated index allowing us to evaluate and
compare the solutions put in place in any
country in the world to solve the e-waste
problem (=> incentives for governments to improve these
solutions –not much to be expected without strong policies).
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Why « post-normal »? (1)
SPRU + Turnpenny & Jones paper (ref. below)
PNS: response to Kuhn’s « normal science » (NS)
NS: “research firmly based upon one or more
past scientific achievements, achievements that
some particular scientific community
acknowledges for a time as supplying the
foundation for its further practice”
page 14Turnpenny, J., M. Jones, et al. (2010), "Where Now for Post-Normal Science? A Critical Review of its Development, Definitions, and Uses", Science, Technology & Human Values.
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Ravetz (1971): need to “deindustrialize science” (in ref.
below)
Funtowitz & Ravetz (1991): new methods must be
developed « when facts are uncertain, values in dispute,
stakes high and decisions urgent » (in ref. below)
It is the case with e-waste: too many risks of lock-in
because too many routines and vested interests =>
Policy evaluations should be designed in such a way
that they maximise their impact on the policy
process.page 15
Why « post-normal »? (2)
Turnpenny, J., M. Jones, et al. (2010), "Where Now for Post-Normal Science? A Critical Review of its Development, Definitions, and Uses", Science, Technology & Human Values.
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Characteristics of a PN indicatorDesigned to have a strong impact on the policy
process (too many complex systems are built and not even used:
see presentation by Tom Bauler in this conference):
MAKE A (social & environmental) DIFFERENCE
Simple to understand and to use (« better evidence
does not necessarilly lead to better decision », in ref. below)
Uses knowledge embedded in extended peer
communities => participation of a broad range
of stakeholders => use of a variety of knowledge
sourcespage 16
Turnpenny, J., M. Jones, et al. (2010), "Where Now for Post-Normal Science? A Critical Review of its Development, Definitions, and Uses", Science, Technology & Human Values.
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StEPADDRESS
Criteria selection
Benchmark
Progress Indicator
Input Module
Output Module
Modelling Module
Int. Comparison
Structured Information
ADDRESSTraining
Amounts Progress Knowledge
StEP ADDRESS project
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ESI construction
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ESI - Country X
Year: 2009,
Status
Relevancy
Area
Relevanc
y to area
Score/
Total ESI - Country X - Continued
Year:
2009,
Status
Relevancy
Area
Relevancy
to area
Score/
Total
Collection 50.0% Legislation 20.0%
Kg POM 26.0 kg % of all WEEE categories covered 100% 10.0% 2.0%
Kg WA 18.60 kg - not 0.0% 0.0%
Kg C&T 6.2 kg - in draft 25.0% 0.0%
C&T WA - enacted 100% 50.0% 10.0%
Category LHA 1.0 5.0 5.0% 0.5%Enforcement items
Category C&F 2.0 3.2 25.0% 7.8%POM amounts 50% 10.0% 1.0%
Category Small 1.0 4.0 15.0% 1.9%Treatment Annex II/ Haz. Materials 20% 10.0% 0.4%
Category IT 1.0 2.0 20.0% 5.0%Recycling % reported and checked 25% 10.0% 0.5%
Category Screens 1.0 4.0 20.0% 2.5%
WEEE imports/exports regular/
continuous checks 50% 10.0% 1.0%
Category Lamps 0.15 0.4 15.0% 3.0%Subtotal 100.0% 12.9%
Subtotal 6.15 18.57 100.0%20.7%Recycling infrastructure present 10.0%
Financing 15.0% State of the art recyclers, sufficient capacity 100% 50.0% 5.0%
Financing agreed and operational 100% 40.0% 6.0%Recycling standards developed 25% 10.0% 0.3%
Financing stimulating more collection 0% 40.0% 0.0%Recycling standards implemented 20% 10.0% 0.2%
Stakeholder cooperation running 50% 20.0% 1.5%Recycling standards audited 10% 10.0% 0.1%
Subtotal 100.0% 7.5%Mass balances tracked daily basis 5% 20.0% 0.1%
Consumer Education and Awareness 5.0% Subtotal 100.0% 5.7%
CSS doing mediacampaings 100% 40.0% 2.0%Total 49.8%
Level of consumer awareness/
willingness to hand in WEEE 35% 60.0% 1.1%
Subtotal 100.0% 3.1% page 19
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ESI benchmarking in some European countries (Turkey will be there soon…)
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Spain
France
UK
NL
B
L
GermanyPoland
DK
Austria
Italy
Greece
FinlandSweden
MaltaCyprus
Hungary
Slovakia
Czech Rep
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Norway
CH
Ireland
Bulgaria
Romania
Serbia
MAAL
BH
CRSL
POR
2005 Example
Spain
France
UK
NL
B
L
GermanyPoland
DK
Austria
Italy
Greece
FinlandSweden
MaltaCyprus
Hungary
Slovakia
Czech Rep
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Norway
CH
Ireland
Bulgaria
Romania
Serbia
MAAL
BH
CRSL
POR
2005 Example
Spain
France
UK
NL
B
L
GermanyPoland
DK
Austria
Italy
Greece
FinlandSweden
MaltaCyprus
Hungary
Slovakia
Czech Rep
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Norway
CH
Ireland
Bulgaria
Romania
Serbia
MAAL
BH
CRSL
POR
2010 Example
Spain
France
UK
NL
B
L
GermanyPoland
DK
Austria
Italy
Greece
FinlandSweden
MaltaCyprus
Hungary
Slovakia
Czech Rep
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Norway
CH
Ireland
Bulgaria
Romania
Serbia
MAAL
BH
CRSL
POR
Spain
France
UK
NL
B
L
GermanyPoland
DK
Austria
Italy
Greece
FinlandSweden
MaltaCyprus
Hungary
Slovakia
Czech Rep
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Norway
CH
Ireland
Bulgaria
Romania
Serbia
MAAL
BH
CRSL
POR
2010 Example
Spain
France
UK
NL
B
L
GermanyPoland
DK
Austria
Italy
Greece
FinlandSweden
MaltaCyprus
Hungary
Slovakia
Czech Rep
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Norway
CH
Ireland
Bulgaria
Romania
Serbia
MAAL
BH
CRSL
POR
2000 Example
Spain
France
UK
NL
B
L
GermanyPoland
DK
Austria
Italy
Greece
FinlandSweden
MaltaCyprus
Hungary
Slovakia
Czech Rep
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Norway
CH
Ireland
Bulgaria
Romania
Serbia
MAAL
BH
CRSL
POR
2000 Example
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A Turkish solution to e-waste : The e-mangal
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Thank you for your attention.
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Cédric Gossart
Associate Professor
Telecom Institute’s Business School
9, rue Charles Fourier - 91011, Evry Cedex
– France
Tél. : +33 (0)1 60 76 46 69 ; Fax : +33 (0)1
60 76 42 86http://etos.it-sudparis.eu/membres/CedricGossart/Home.htm