Page Section Line Comment Date Added

13 IV.E.1…phagocytosis is enhanced by opsonins

(IgG and C3a)

CORRECTION – C3b (and not C3a) is the opsonin.

Should read “(IgG and C3b)”06/21/2011

31 II. B. 2.Symptoms of skin bleeding include petechiae,

ecchymoses (> 3mm), purpura (> 1 cm)…

CORRECTION – Ecchymoses are >1cm and purpura are

> 3mm. Should read “…include petechiae, purpura

(>3mm), and ecchymoses (>1cm)”

06/21/2011

43 IV. B. 2.Aminolevulinic acid dehydrogenase (ALAD)

converts ALA to porphobilinogen

TYPO – The enzyme is ALA dehydratase (not

dehydrogenase).06/21/2011

49 I. BIntravascular hemolysis occurs episodically,

often at night during sleep

CLARIFICATION – More recent studies show that

hemolysis occurs throughout the day. Hence, the color

change (hemoglobinemia) seen in the first void upon

awakening is mostly due to urine production and

concentration of hemoglobin overnight (as opposed to

hemolysis occurring mostly at night). Of note, my

explanation in the text remains partly true and is an

excellent way to remember the pathophysiology of this

disorder.

06/21/2011

74 G. 3. Nitrates – vasodilate coronary arteries

CLARIFICATION – Nitrates do result in coronary artery

vasodilation. However, a more significant effect is

vasodilation of veins. This results in decreased venous

return to the heart, which in turn, decreases preload and,

hence, stress on the myocardium.

06/21/2011

96

Table 9.5, Squamous

cell carcinoma (under

characteristic

histology)

Kertain pearls or intracellular bridges TYPO – “intracellular” should read “intercellular” 06/21/2011

105 VI. B. 3.

May rupture leading to bleeding from the

gastroduodenal artery (anterior ulcer) or

acute pancreatitis (posterior ulcer)

CORRECTION – The gastroduodenal artery lies posterior

to the duodenum. Hence, rupture of a posterior (and not

anterior) ulcer would lead to bleeding from the GDA.

Should read “…gastroduodenal artery (posterior ulcer) or

acute pancreatitis (posterior ulcer).”

06/21/2011

128 V. A.Thick glomerular basement membranes on

H&E, often with ‘tram-track’ appearance

CLARIFICATION – ‘Tram-track’ appearance can be seen

in both type I and type II MPGN. However, it is more

commonly seen with type I (USMLE examiners do ask

about this!).

06/21/2011

199 Fig. 18.9 Gout. A, Tophi. B, Postive birefringence.

CORRECTION – The crystals in gout exhibit negative

birefringence (and not, positive birefringence). This is

correct in the text, but needs to be corrected in the image

caption.

06/21/2011

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