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Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development Assignment
Jamie Le Jambre EDST 2450-01 Summer 2014
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
Infancy Trust vs. Mistrust 0 - 1½ Hope
Babies face the crisis of trust vs. mistrust during the first year of life. Infants are uncertain of the
world where they live and look to primary caregivers to provide stability, consistency and basic
needs. Success in this stage results from reliable and
predictable support from others and develops the virtue of hope where the infant knows other
people are available as a source of support during times of need. Failure at this stage leads to
mistrust and fear.
The Theory
“Feeding My Baby” by Vicente Romero Redondo
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
Infancy Trust vs. Mistrust 0 - 1½ Hope
“Feeding My Baby” by Vicente Romero Redondo
In this oil painting, the artist depicts a woman nursing her child which provides nourishment and bonding time together. This baby knows that its mother will tend to
its needs including to be fed, comforted and kept safe in the
world. The baby has learned the mother can be trusted to
consistently provide these needs and be relied upon when the child
expresses those needs through crying or basic language.
Rationale
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
Infancy Trust vs. Mistrust 0 - 1½ Hope
“Feeding My Baby” by Vicente Romero Redondo
I’ve been fortunate enough with my own babies that I was able to nurse them as infants. It is a very powerful relationship and image
which is why I chose it to represent this stage. Even if
babies aren’t necessarily hungry, nursing is something they insist
upon if they are hurt, sick, tired or uncomfortable in new situations such as teething. It is a physical representation of the trust they
feel toward reliable parents.
Personal Experiences
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
Early Childhood Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt 1½ - 3 Will
Tying My Shoes photo of Avery Le Jambre
At this stage, children begin to become more mobile and assert
some independence from caregivers, wishing to make some decisions on their own like what
to wear. They wish to practice newly found skills and parents who support this development while assuring the avoidance of
too much failure will help develop the virtue of will, causing a child to be more confident and secure
in their abilities. Children not encouraged can develop shame
and self-doubt.
The Theory
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
Early Childhood Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt 1½ - 3 Will
Tying My Shoes photo of Avery Le Jambre
I chose this photo to represent this particular stage because
Avery was getting ready to go to dinner with family and her
newborn brother. She picked her own outfit and dressed herself.
She picked the hairstyle she wanted and knew she needed
mom’s help with that. Then, she wanted to tie her own shoes and show everyone what a big girl she was, but ended up being offered
help from daddy after tying without success.
Rationale
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
Early Childhood Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt 1½ - 3 Will
Tying My Shoes photo of Avery Le Jambre
Watching a toddler begin to explore all the new things they are able to do is a very exciting
age as a parent. Yes, there are the days where everything is “No!”
and walking away from authority. But, most days are filled with “I
want to help you, mommy.” or “I can do it myself, daddy.” The fine
line between allowing that independence and knowing when
to help can be hard, but luckily our toddler tends to say, “A little
help, please,” when needed.
Personal Experiences
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
Preschool Initiative vs. Guilt 3 - 5 Purpose
Timmy Time TV Show (2009-2012) | link
During this stage of development, children assert themselves more often and the primary feature is interacting with other children in
school. Key to this stage is play where children learn to plan
activities, make up games and initiate relationships with others. Success at this stage will lead to
the virtue of purpose where children are secure in the ability to lead others and make some
decisions. Failure at this stage can lead to doubt of abilities and guilt.
The Theory
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
Preschool Initiative vs. Guilt 3 - 5 Purpose
Timmy Time TV Show (2009-2012) | link
The main character in this show is Timmy the sheep who spends his days at school with teachers and
friends who help him to learn how to play games, share toys and understand the personalities and
expectations of others. He is a very adventurous little guy who
can get into some big trouble making messes or being
impatient, but is encouraged to direct energy and use initiative for
good when it comes to classmates.
Rationale
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
Preschool Initiative vs. Guilt 3 - 5 Purpose
Timmy Time TV Show (2009-2012) | link
It is important to teach kids at this age that you must learn how to
direct energies when it comes to interacting with others. Learning
about the personalities and approaches of others helps them figure out how to cooperate and negotiate as well as persuade in
order to lead others. “Why” questions I get often clarify social
rules or expectations. Cartoons like this and Curious George are very popular as they answer all
types of questions and teach social skills at the same time.
Personal Experiences
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
School Age Industry vs. Inferiority 5 - 12 Competency
Bart & Lisa Simpson The Simpsons Characters
As children face the crisis of industry vs. inferiority, they are
learning specific sets of knowledge like reading and math.
They are also looking more to their peer group now for approval and self-esteem. They will begin
to find and display their own unique competencies of value to
society and develop pride in accomplishments. The virtue of
competence results in success at this stage. Otherwise, they may feel inferior if they aren’t able to
succeed where others do.
The Theory
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
School Age Industry vs. Inferiority 5 - 12 Competency
Bart and Lisa Simpson are siblings and a good example of this stage
because they each excel at different kinds of societal skills
and fail at others. Bart is popular and athletic, but is insecure about
how proud others are of him as he is a troublemaker. Lisa is very good at academics and playing
the saxophone, but is very insecure about the fact that she is
a “nerd” and doesn’t have the same level of popularity or ease with her peers as her brother.
Rationale
Bart & Lisa Simpson The Simpsons Characters
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
School Age Industry vs. Inferiority 5 - 12 Competency
I remember this being the age range where I first really worried
about how I was perceived by others and what I could
contribute that was unique. I was tiny and not good at sports, but did well in school, was a strong singer and took extra care to be
nice to everyone since I experienced being picked on and didn’t want others to feel left out. The things that I enjoyed or was good at doing began to receive
extra attention and practice.
Personal Experiences
Bart & Lisa Simpson The Simpsons Characters
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
Adolescence Ego Identity vs. Role Confusion 12 - 18 Fidelity
Malcolm in the Middle TV show (2000-2006)
This stage consists of the transition from childhood to
adulthood and a focus on the future. The child begins to realize the roles they will likely occupy as an adult including career, family and housing and will experiment
with different hobbies, jobs, relationships and interests to
finalize an identity. Success will lead to fidelity where they are willing to accept others even if
there are some ideological differences. Failure can lead to role confusion moving forward.
The Theory
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
Adolescence Ego Identity vs. Role Confusion 12 - 18 Fidelity
Malcolm in the Middle TV show (2000-2006)
I chose this television show to represent this phase because
Malcolm, his friends and brothers struggle with their identities at
home, at school and in the world. Malcolm is a genius which brings with it very specific expectations
from parents and teachers, but he still wants to behave like a regular kid too. He has a hard time with
being labeled a nerd and the audience watches many of the
main characters go through this phase, dating, experimenting,
learning and forming identities.
Rationale
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
Adolescence Ego Identity vs. Role Confusion 12 - 18 Fidelity
Malcolm in the Middle TV show (2000-2006)
I honestly must say that I will always remember this phase in my life as often very confusing and painful, but also full of so
much promise and possibility. It is fun to see well written
perceptions of this phase such as this television show. There is
really a lot of being torn between what you have been and what you
want to be or could be and how your family, peers and self react
to these changes and your future plans.
Personal Experiences
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
Young Adulthood Intimacy vs. Isolation 18 - 40 Love
The Family Man Movie (2000) | link
During this stage, people begin to share themselves with others outside of family on a more
intimate level, often leading to longer term commitments like
marriage as well as other personal and professional relationships.
Success at this stage results in the virtue of love with a sense of security and safety in those
relationships. Failure in this phase is seen as avoidance or fear of these relationships, leading to
isolation and loneliness.
The Theory
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
Young Adulthood Intimacy vs. Isolation 18 - 40 Love
The Family Man Movie (2000) | link
This movie is about a man in his thirties who is single, very wealthy and successful in business who is allowed to experience what might
have been if he married his college sweetheart. He
experiences less financial wealth, but happiness in other forms with
a wife, family, friends and community. Each lifestyle costs
some elements of the other and he is given the opportunity to
resolve the intimacy vs. isolation crisis knowing both outcomes.
Rationale
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
Young Adulthood Intimacy vs. Isolation 18 - 40 Love
The Family Man Movie (2000) | link
I got married and had my children later in life than the norm and so I am fortunate enough to live in a time and with the options that
allowed me to experience my life in both ways and know I prefer
intimacy and love. Even if I wish I took advantage of more travel
opportunities or maybe this internship over that one, I think
this stage is more about what we value most as individuals. For me,
it is other people and so that is where I focus on investing my
energy and time.
Personal Experiences
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
Middle Adulthood Generativity vs. Stagnation 40 - 65 Care
My Next 30 Years song by Tim McGraw | link
During this stage, people settle careers, establish homes or
families and develop a sense of how they want to fit into the
bigger picture of society. Giving back can include raising children,
being productive at work or volunteering in our communities.
If people feel happy with what they are doing and are able to use
strengths to give back, they will develop the virtue of care. Failure
occurs if we don’t reach these objectives, feel less productive
and become stagnant.
The Theory
Now it’s time to focus in on where I go from here,
Lord have mercy on my next 30 years
My next 30 years, I’m gonna settle all the
scores, cry a little less, and laugh a little more
Find a world of happiness without the hate and fear,
figure out just what I’m doing here, in my next 30
years
My next 30 years will be the best years of my life,
raise a little family and hang out with my wife
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
Middle Adulthood Generativity vs. Stagnation 40 - 65 Care
My Next 30 Years song by Tim McGraw | link
Now it’s time to focus in on where I go from here,
Lord have mercy on my next 30 years
My next 30 years, I’m gonna settle all the
scores, cry a little less, and laugh a little more
Find a world of happiness without the hate and fear,
figure out just what I’m doing here, in my next 30
years
My next 30 years will be the best years of my life,
raise a little family and hang out with my wife
This song is about examining what has been learned in the first 30 years and what the narrator will
do with the chance of the next 30, starting with being a bit more
productive and less selfish. It is thankful for those first 30, but
that experience will better inform the next years, raising a family,
figuring out what they are doing here and doing more for others.
Even though the exact years are a little bit off, is speaks of focusing
on what will be next and likely the key focus and output of life.
Rationale
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
Middle Adulthood Generativity vs. Stagnation 40 - 65 Care
My Next 30 Years song by Tim McGraw | link
Now it’s time to focus in on where I go from here,
Lord have mercy on my next 30 years
My next 30 years, I’m gonna settle all the
scores, cry a little less, and laugh a little more
Find a world of happiness without the hate and fear,
figure out just what I’m doing here, in my next 30
years
My next 30 years will be the best years of my life,
raise a little family and hang out with my wife
I just absolutely love this song and think it is perfect for this phase. As I am just now beginning this
phase of my life, I must say that it really is the time you have to
examine what you really want to do for yourself and others in order to leave a legacy of your passion and joy behind. I don’t think the
first 30 years are wasted on youth, but necessary to prepare you to deal with choices at this phase – what are you going to spend your professional and personal life accomplishing?
Personal Experiences
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
Maturity Ego Integrity vs. Despair 65 - death Wisdom
Cocoon Movie 1985 | link
As people grow older and retire, they are able to slow down
productivity if they choose and explore life in a different manner.
It allows time to reflect on an entire life and contemplate
whether or not you feel a sense of satisfaction. Success in this phase leads to wisdom with knowledge gained from leading a successful life. Failure at this stage means feeling a lot of regret at missed
opportunities leading to depression and despair.
The Theory
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
Maturity Ego Integrity vs. Despair 65 - death Wisdom
Cocoon Movie 1985 | link
This science fiction story represents this phase because the
audience observes the lives of many older people at a
retirement home. Some of them are struggling with despair or
loneliness, but most developed integrity about their lives, though
are accepting of the slow progression of becoming less
independent and more frail. The characters find alien pods in their pool that give them back the gift
of physical and mental youth, along with keeping their wisdom.
Rationale
Stage Basic Conflict Age Basic Virtue
Maturity Ego Integrity vs. Despair 65 - death Wisdom
Cocoon Movie 1985 | link
I have found in working with the elderly at the end of their lives
that they have a sense of integrity and the virtue of wisdom as long as their accomplishments align
with the things they valued. There are always “what if” questions, but for the most part, if work,
family, service or faith was most important and they accomplished those things, they feel successful.
Those who did several of those things tended to be even more
happy and have more interesting stories and skills to share.
Personal Experiences