era of good feeling
DESCRIPTION
Era of Good Feeling. Nation Building: Foreign and Domestic. Era of Good Feeling?. James Monroe (Republican) President (1816-24) Factions within Republicans Old Republicans (Calhoun) New Republicans: Federalists in disguise (Webster) Actual Era of GF: 1816-1819 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Era of Good Feeling
Nation Building: Foreign and Domestic
Era of Good Feeling?• James Monroe (Republican)
– President (1816-24)• Factions within Republicans
– Old Republicans (Calhoun)– New Republicans: Federalists in
disguise (Webster)• Actual Era of GF: 1816-1819
– Younger generation of voters • Excited with natlism, growth and little
interest in Europe and wars of past
Connecting the States• Telegraph (Samuel Morse)• Roads and Turnpikes
– Turnpikes (private ventures)• Lancaster Turnpike link Philly and Lancaster
– The Old National Road (Maryland to Illinois) 1811
• Steamboats travel upriver (1807)– Robert Fulton “Clermont”
• Canals link rivers and lakes– Erie Canal first transportation link
between East and West, 1825• stimulates commercial growth esp. of N.Y
– Lower food prices in East
• Most important, railroads– Baltimore and Ohio 1828
Industry• Mid 19thc manuf. surpass agric in value• Samuel Slater from GB
– factory system 1791• Interchangeable parts (Eli Whitney)
– Mass production (1801)• Francis Lowell’s textile mill
– Located in Massachusetts– Combined all steps in one factory– Used young farm women (dorms)
• Wholesalers control distribution and markets widen– Cheap, efficient products more important
than finely finished ones.– Value of the skilled craftsman declined– Unions formed (very weak)
Economics and Politics• Legislation
– Fed and State govt help business– Encourage competition– Corporations can sell stock to raise capital– Bonds for canal and RR building
• The Court– Two Constant Principles
• The sanctity of contracts (property protected)• Supremacy of federal legislation
• Flectcher v Peck(1810)- GA and land fraud• 1st time use unconstitutional. Uphold contract
• Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) – N.Y gave Ogden monopoly of ferry travel to N.J. Gibbons competes
• Rules: Gibbons fine. State has no right b/c interstate trade. • McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)– Maryland placed tax on Bank of
U.S. MY deemed BUS unconstitutional• Rules: upholds the constitutionality of the Bank. Overturns
a state law. Only feds can tax a fed. Institution. Fed. law supreme
• Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)—N.H. tries to change Dartmouth from private to public college
• Rules: charters are contracts and state cannot revoke.
Economics and Politics• Republicans adopt some Federalist
measures • Protective Tariff of 1816 (nationalism)• American System (Henry Clay)
– establish high tariffs (for East = sectionalism)– charter a national bank (2nd Bank)– federal aid for internal improvements
• Monroe object Const. not allow fed. govt.• Panic of 1819
– The B.U.S. decided needed stricter credit requirements
– Called in its loans, so state banks had to as well
– Land speculators unable to repay loans (West hurt the most= sect.lism)
– banks failed and depositors were wiped out
– Monroe did nothing
Foreign Policy• John Quincy Adams
– Secretary of State• Treaty of 1818
• GB and US share Oregon (10 yrs)• Recognize Canadian and US border• Rush Bagot Agreement (1817)
• Longest unfortified border in the world• Adams-Onis Treaty 1819
– Spain gives us Florida– U.S assumes $5 mill of debt Spain owes
Americans– U.S recognizes Texas belongs to Spain
• Monroe Doctrine 1823– American continents no longer subject to further
colonization.– Political systems of Europe dangerous b/c so
different from America – Cornerstone of U.S foreign policy with Latin
America
Rejecting Industrialism
• By 1825, pop. had doubled• By 1830s, 1/3 lived west of Appal.
– South needs more land; East fled b/c of embargo and war; Easier transports to West; Native Amer. Land; Immigrants
The Missouri Compromise: The Issues
• House rejects unless slavery abolished (North dominates)– Tallmadge amendment gradual end
of slavery in Missouri– Henry Clay compromise
• Wish to preserve balance between slave states and free states (Senate)
• Sectionalism rears its head
The Missouri Compromise 1820
• Maine comes in free• Missouri comes in slave• All territory north 36’30 will be free• All territory south will be slave• Exposed rift between North &
South
Economy & Sectionalism
• Market stimulates specialization – West farms to feed– North manufactures– South grows cotton
• Cotton– Bulk of the exports
• GB textile factories– Northern merchants benefits by
providing– Transportation– Manufacturing the cloth, then selling the cloth
Market Economy• End of self-sufficiency
– Ppl went to work, not work from home• Interdependence• Effects
– Women• Work force (single women)
– Domestic work or teachers; factory jobs rare– Replaced by immigrant workers
• Still, once married stopped working– Social mobility
• Wage earners vs merchants– North just as bad as South now
– Slavery• End to slavery? Not with cotton gin.• Even Northern workers slaves to the clock
CW
• To what extent was the Era of Good Feeling a truly nationalistic era.– Provide me with a thesis
• Mostly, somewhat, barely– Provide me with two topics
• 8 pts of o.i– Provide me with the proof of a
counterpt• 4 pts of oi.i