equity research fundamental and technical analysis and its impact on stock prices with reliance...

1

A

PROJECT REPORT ON

“Equity Research: Fundamental and

Technical analysis and its impact on stock

prices”

FOR

BY

CHAUDHARI KAILAS NANABHAU MBA-II

2006-2008

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROF. MAHESH HALALE

SUBMITED TO

UNIVERSITY OF PUNE

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF MASTER OF

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

THROUGH VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

PUNE - 48

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

It’s a great privilege that I have done my project in such a well-organized and

diversified organization. I am great full to all those who helped and supported me in

completing the project.

First of all I would sincerely like to thank Mr. Rakesh P. Sonawane (Branch

Manager, Nasik), for his valuable guidance and kind co-operation during the project.

I am highly grateful to Mr. Nayan Bhandari (Business Associates of Reliance

money) for the help provided by them in various forms.

I am also thankful to our director Dr. Sharad Joshi and my project guide Prof.

Mahesh Halale for helping me in completing the project.

Last but not least, I am also thankful to all college staff and my friends for helping me

directly or indirectly in my project.

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TO WHOM SO EVER IT MAY CONCERN This is to certify that Mr. Kailas N. Chaudhari is a bonafide student of our institute.

He has successfully carried out his summer project “ Equity Research :

Fundamental and Technical analysis and its impact on stock prices” titled at

Reliance Money. This is the original study of Mr. Kailas N. Chaudhari and important

sources of data used by him have been acknowledged in his report .

The report is submitted in partial fulfillment of two years full time course of Masters

in Business Administration 2006-2008 as per rules.

___________________ ________________________

Prof. Mr.Mahesh Halale Dr. Sharad L. Joshi

(Project Guide) (Director)

Vishwakarma Institute of Management

CONTENT

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Sr.No. Topic Page No.

1 Executive Summery 1-3

2 Company Profile 4-5

3 Objective of Project 6-6

4 Research Methodology 7-7

5 Data Presentation 8-26

6 Data Analysis & Interpretation 27-59

7 Finding 60-61

8 Suggestion And Conclusion 62-64

9 Limitation 65-65

10 Bibliography 66-66

5

INTRODUCTION

6

COMPANY PROFILE

7

OBJECTIVE AND

RATIONALE

8

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

9

DATA PRESENTATION

10

DATA ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION

11

FINDINGS

12

SUGGESTION

AND CONCLUSION

13

LIMITATION OF STUDY

14

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

EQUITY ANALYSIS is the systematic study of the performance of companies in

stock market with help of fundamental analysis and technical analysis. Equity

analysis consists of fundamental analysis & technical analysis. While decision in

investment of shares should be base on actual movement of shares price measured

more in money & percentage term & nothing else.

In equity analysis, calculations are based on FACTS & not on HOPE. The subject of

equity analysis, i.e. the to attempt to determine future share price movement with the

help of RATIO ANALYSIS, STUDY OF GRAPH. Equity analysis does not discuss

how to buy & sell shares, but does discuss the methods, which enables the investor to

arriving at buying & selling decision.

The Technical Approach to investment is essentially a reflection of the idea that

prices moves in a trend that are determined by the changing attitude of investor’s

toward a variety of economic, monetary, political and psychological forces. The art of

technical analysis, for it is an art, is to identify a trend reversal at a relatively early

stage and ride on that trend until the weight of the evidence shows or proves the trend

has reversed.

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INTRODUCTION TO BSE AND NSE

Bombay Stock Exchange Limited is the oldest stock exchange in Asia with a rich

heritage. Popularly known as “BSE”, it was established as “ The Native Share &

Stock Brokers Association ” in 1875. It is the first stock exchange in country to obtain

permanent recognition in 1956 from the Government of India under the Securities

Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956. The Exchange’s pivotal and pre-eminent role in the

development of the Indian capital market is widely recognized and its index,

SENSEX, is tracked worldwide. Earlier an Association of Persons (AOP), the

Exchange is now a demutualised and corporative entity incorporated under the

provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, pursuant to the BSE (Corporatisation and

Demutualization) Scheme, 2005 notified by the Securities and Exchange Board of

India (SEBI).

With demutualization, the trading rights and ownership rights have been de linked

effectively addressing concerns regarding perceived and real conflicts of interest. The

Exchange is professionally managed under the overall direction of the Board of

Directors. The Board comprises eminent professionals. Representatives of Trading

Members and the Managing Director of the Exchange. The Board is inclusive and is

designed to benefit from the participation of market intermediaries.

The Exchange has a nation-wide reach with a presence in 417 cities and towns of

India. The systems and processes of the Exchange are designed to safeguard market

integrity and enhance transparency in operations. During the year 2004-2005, the

trading volumes on the Exchange showed robust growth.

The Exchange provides an efficient and transparent market for trading in equity, debt

instruments and derivatives. The BSE On Line Trading System (BOLT) is a

proprietary system of the Exchange and is BS 7799-2-2002 certified. The surveillance

and clearing and settlement functions of the Exchange are ISO 9001:2000 certified.

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SENSEX – THE BAROMETER OF INDIAN CAPITAL MARKETS

For the premier Stock Exchange that pioneered the stock broking activity in Indian,

128 years of experience seems to be a proud milestone. A lot has changed since 1875

when 318 persons became members of what today is called “The Stock Exchange,

Mumbai” by paying a princely amount of Re1. Till the decade of eighties, there was

no scale to measure the ups and downs in the Indian stock market. The Stock

Exchange, Mumbai (BSE) in 1986 came out with a stock index that subsequently

became the barometer of the Indian stock market.

First compiled in 1986, SENSEX is a basket of 30 constituent stocks representing a

sample of large, liquid and representative companies. The base year of SENSEX is

1978-79 and the base value is 100. The index is widely reported in both domestic and

international markets through print as well as electronic media. The entry and exit of

any specific stock depends on the market capitalization of the top 30 companies in the

market and are from different sectors.

NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE

The National Stock Exchange (NSE) is India’s leading stock exchange covering

various cities and towns across the country. NSE was set up by leading institutions to

provide a modern, fully automated screen-based trading system with national reach.

The Exchange has brought about unparalleled transparency, speed & efficiency,

safety and market integrity. It has set up facilities and procedures.

NSE has played a catalytic role in reforming the Indian securities market in terms of

microstructure, market practices and trading volumes. The market today uses state-of-

art information technology to provide an efficient and transparent trading, clearing

and settlement mechanism, and has witnessed several innovations in products &

services viz. demutualization of stock exchange governance, screen based trading,

Professionalisation of trading members, fine-tuned risk management systems,

emergence of clearing corporations to assume counter party risks, market of debt and

derivative instruments and intensive use of information technology. IDBI & other

financial institution with paid equity capital of Rs 25 cores set up NSE. It started

operation in Wholesale debt market in June 1994 & in equity, in Nov 1994.

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Reliance Money is a subsidiary company of Reliance Capital; one of India's leading

and fastest growing private sector financial services company, ranking among the top

3 private sector financial services and banking companies, in terms of net worth.

Reliance Capital is a part of the Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group.

Reliance Money is a comprehensive electronic transaction platform offering a wide

range of asset classes. Its endeavor is to change the way India transacts in financial

markets and avails financial services. Reliance Money is a single window, enabling

you to access, amongst others in Equities, Equity & Commodities Derivatives,

Mutual Funds, IPO s, Life & General Insurance products, Offshore Investments,

Money Transfer, Money Changing and Credit Cards.

Division of Reliance

Capital

Reliance money Reliance mutual fund

Reliance General and life insurance

Equities,

commodities, forex trading, services And distribution

house for financial products

An asset

management company-floating

fund offers for retail participation

Mediclaim, travel care, lip plans, life

Insurance, car insurance

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Reliance Capital offers a comprehensive direct equities service for our private clients, our services include:

• An equity portfolio review and recommendation service;

• Comprehensive and short form research reports on Australia's leading

Companies, together with regular economic and market reviews;

• Access to floats and new issues;

• Access to International shares and detailed research information

• Access to government bonds;

• Clients who may be looking for advice on not only stocks but also on hybrids,

warrants and options strategies

• Ongoing management of your portfolio aligned to your long term wealth

creation goals

• We can also provide access to Separately Managed Accounts (SMA's) and

Individually Managed Accounts for simple and transparent equities

administration.

To achieve long term financial success you will need a portfolio that increases in

value over time. One of the sectors best able to achieve this growth is Australian

listed shares.

Listed shares can provide you with an income stream through the payment of

dividends. Through dividend imputation, this income stream can be tax effective.

Depending on your particular requirements you may choose shares that focus on

growth opportunities, or on an income stream, or that provide a combination of both.

Reliance Capital’s approach to financial management has the flexibility to ensure that

your individual needs are met. Our step-by-step wealth management service helps

you structure a comprehensive financial strategy that meets both your immediate

financial requirements and your long-term wealth creation goals and objectives.

Reliance Capital applies academic research to the practical world of investing. Our

objective is to help clients develop globally diversified portfolios and to add value

through reduced costs and taxes.

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OBJECTIVE It was good opportunity to familiarize myself with the stock market i.e. the capital

market & their co-relation with economical environment through “ EQUITY

RESEARCH”. The analysis of equity gives me the opportunity to understand

thoroughly this behavioral pattern’s of different equity & overall capital market.

The main objective of the project research is as follows.

1. To Study the equity analysis and obtain the knowledge of equity market

2. To Study the present behavior & predicting the future behavior of equity in

stock market.

3. Obtain the knowledge about how to select the companies for investment.

To analyze the performance of company’s through Balance Sheet & Technical graph

of their shares.

RATIONALE The present market scenario has shown us the Boom in Share Market. Even some of

the research firms showed that Share Market is the fastest growing in India.

From last two years share market is in boom. Now it is possible for the investors to

trade from their own place. As compare to last two years there is a growth in the

number of share brokers and market analysts. Media is playing an important role in

these regards. Now the common man is also thinking of some investment in share

market. Too many investors invest their money for the short span, the intention is

speculative.

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RESEARCH METHODLOGY During my project, I collected data through various sources primary & secondary.

Primary source includes :-

1) Discussion with branch manager

2) Discussion with experts

3) Questionnaires for investors

4) Live trading in the market

Secondary source includes :-

1) Various books related to stock market

2) Books related to Financial Management

3) Web sites were used as the vital information source.

Reliance Money felt need of evaluating the price patterns of leading scripts

mainly from the five main blue chip companies and also interested in determining

the trends along with price performance in near future. This equity analysis will

facilitate to investor for profitable investment.

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EQUITY ANALYSIS

FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS The investor, while buying stock, has the primary purpose of gain. If he invests for a

short period of time, it is speculative but when he holds if for a fairly long period of

time, the anticipation is that he would receive some return on his investment. The

fundamental analysis is a method of finding out the future price of a stock, which an

investor wishes to buy. The method for forecasting the future behavior of investment

and the rate of return on them is clearly through an analysis of the broad economic

forces, industry analysis, the company analysis and ration analysis.

A. Influence of the economy on the company. These are the following factor: -

01. Economic Growth 02. Populations 03. Monsoons and Agriculture Production 04. Natural resources and availability of raw material 05. Industrial Productions 06. Inflation 07. Interest rate 08. Foreign exchange reserve 09. Balance of payment position 10. Budget deficits 11. Public debt and foreign debt 12. Domestic saving and capital output rate 13. Employments 14. Taxation policies 15. Infrastructure facilities 16. Government policies 17. Political Stability 18. International developments 19. Capital formations 20. Saving pattern 21. Economic indicators 22. Foreign direct investments 23. Rupee-Dollar Fluctuation 24. Stock News

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B. Industrial Analysis.

The industry analysis should take in to account the following factors as

influence the performance of the company, whose share prices are to be

analyzed.

Product Line.

It is also necessary to know the industries with a high growth potential like

computers, electronics, chemicals, diamonds, textiles etc. and whether the

industry is in the priority sector of the key industry group of capital goods or

consumers goods group.

Raw Material and Inputs.

Under these head, we have to look in to industries depending on imports of

scare raw materials, competition from other companies and industries and the

barriers to entry of new company, protection from foreign competition, import

and export restriction etc.

Capacity Installed and Utilized.

The demand for industrial product in the economy is estimated by the

planning commission and the Government, and the units are given licensed

capacity on the basis of these estimates.

Industry Characteristics.

It included whether the industry is cyclical, fluctuating of stable. It is also

important industry produce seasonal product or FMCG. It also included

demand of product freight charges, cost of production, advertisement cost,

skill of operation, profitability.

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Demand and Market.

It includes demand of the product in the market and price of raw material and

other input cost like freight, electricity, season, monsoon, etc. if the nature of

product is such as drugs, fertilizer or other consumer goods, whose price and

distribution control by Government.

Government Policy with regard to Industry

Government Policy is announced in the industrial policy resolution and

Subsequent announcement from time to time by the Government. The Policy

strategy as laid down in the five years plans according to planning

commission and expected demand in the economy.

Management.

If the promoters and the management are the efficient and capable of steering

the company through the difficult days such management likes TATA &

BIRLA, who have reputation, buildup their companies on the strong

foundation. The management has to be assessed in the terms of their

capabilities, popularity, honesty and integrity.

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TECHNICAL ANALYSIS The methods used to analyze securities and make investment decisions fall into two

very broad categories: Fundamental Analysis and Technical Analysis.

Fundamental analysis involves analyzing the characteristics of a company in order to

estimate its value. Technical analysis takes a completely different approach; it doesn’t

care one bit about the “value” of a company or a commodity. Technicians (some time

called chartists) are only interested in the price movement in the market.

Despite all the fancy and exotic tools it employs, technical analysis really just studies

supply and demand in a market in an attempt to determine what direction, or trend,

will continue in the future. In other words, technical analysis attempts to understand

the emotions in the market by studying the market it self, as opposed to its

components. If you understand the benefits and limitation of technical analysis it can

give you a new set of tools or skills than will enable you to better trader or investor.

DEFINITION

Technical analysis is a method of evaluating the securities by analyzing the statistics

generated by the market activity, such as past price and volume. In technical analysis,

analysts use charts and other tools to identify patterns that can suggest future

activity.

Just as there are many investment styles on fundamental side, there is also much

different type of technical traders. Some rely on chart patterns. In any case, technical

analysts exclusive use of historical price and volume data is what separates them from

their fundamental counterparts. Unlike fundamental analysis technical analysts don’t

care whether a stock is undervalued the only thing that matter is a security’s past

trading data and what information this data can provide about where the security

might move in the future

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Assumptions:

1. The Market Discounts Everything

A major criticism of technical analysis is that it only considers price movement,

ignoring the fundamental factors of the company. However, technical analysis

assumes that, at any given a time, a stocks price reflects everything that has or could

affect the company- including Fundamental Factors. Technical analysts believe that

the company’s fundamentals, along with broader economic factors and market

psychology, are all priced into the stock, removing the need to actually consider these

factors separately.

This only leaves the analysis of price movement, which technical theory views as a

product of supply and demand for a particular stock in the market.

2. Price Moves In Trends

In technical analysis, price movements are believed to follow trends. This means that

after a trend has been established, the future price movement is more likely to be in

the same direction as the trend that to be against it. Most technical trading strategies

are based on this assumption.

3. History Tends To Repeat Itself

Another important idea in technical analysis is that history tends to repeat itself,

mainly in terms of price movement. The repetitive nature of price movement is

attributed to market psychology; in other words, market participants tend to provide a

consistent reaction to similar market stimuli over time. Technical analysis uses chats

patterns to analyze market movements and understand trends. Although many of

these charts have been use for more than 100 years they are still believed to be

relevant because they illustrate patterns in price movements that often repeat

themselves.

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Line charts A style of charts that is created by connecting a series of data points together with a

line. This is the most basic type of charts used in finance and connecting a series of

past prices together with a line generally creates it.

Bar chart

A style of chart used by some technical analysts, on whom as illustrated below, the

top of the vertical line indicates the highest price a security traded at during the day,

and the bottom represents the lowest price. The closing price is displayed on the right

side of the bar, and the opening price is shown on the left side of the bar. A single bar

like the one below represents one day of trading.

These are the most popular type of chart used in technical analysis. The visual

representation of price activity over a given period of time is used to spot trends and

patterns.

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Candlestick A price chart that displays the high, low, open and close for a security each day over a

specified period of time.

There are many trading strategies based upon patterns in candlestick charting.

Technical analysis: the use of trend

One of the most important concepts in technical analysis is that of trend. The meaning

in finance isn’t all that different from the general definition of the term- a trend is

really nothing more than the general direction in which a security or market is

headed. Take a look at the chart below:

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It isn’t hard to see that the trend in figure is up. However, isn’t not always this easy to

see a trend.

There are lots of ups and downs in this chart, but there isn’t a clear indication of which direction this security is headed.

The Importance of Trend It is important to be able to understand and identify trends so that you can trade with

them rather than trade against them. Two important sayings in technical analysis are “

the trend is your friend” and “ don’t buck the trend” Illustrating how important trend

analysis is for technical trade.

Types of Trend There are three types of trend:

• Up Trends

• Downtrends

• Sideways/ Horizontal Trends

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As the names imply, when each successive peak and trough is higher, it’s referred to

as an upward trend. If the peaks and troughs are getting lower. It’s a downtrend.

When there is little movement up or down in the peaks and troughs, it’s a sideways or

horizontal trend. If you want to get really technical, you might even say that a

sideways trend is actually not a trend on its own, but a lack of a well-defined trend in

either direction. In any case, the market can really only trend in these three ways: up,

down or nowhere.

Uptrend Describes the price movement of a financial asset when the overall direction is

upward. A formal uptrend is when each successive peak and trough is higher than the

ones found earlier in the trend.

Notice how each successive peak and trough is located above the previous ones. For

example, the peak at trend is higher than the peak at uptrend. The uptrend will be

deemed broken if the next low on the chart falls below trend.

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Downtrend

Describes the price movement of a financial asset when the overall direction is

downtrend. A formal downtrend occurs when each successive peak and trough is

lower than the ones found earlier in the trend.

Notice how each successive peak and trough is lower than the previous one. For

example, the low trend is lower than the low at Point. The downtrend will be deemed

broken once the price closes above the high at high direction trend.

Downtrend is the opposite of uptrend.

Trend lines A trend line is a simple charting technique that adds a line to a chart to represent the

trend in the market or a stock. Drawing a trend line is as simple as drawing a straight

line that follows a general trend. These lines are used to clearly show the trend and

are also used in the identification of the reversals.

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As you see in above Figure, an upward trend lines is drawn at the lows of an upward

trend. This line represents the support the stock has every time it moves from a high

to a low. Notice how the price is propped up by this support. This type of trend line

helps traders to anticipate the point at which a stock’s price will begin moving

upwards again. Similarly, a downward trend line is drawn at the highs of the

downward trend. This line represents the resistance level that a stock faces every time

the price moves from a low to a high.

Trend Lengths: Along with this trend direction, there is three-trend classification. A trend of any

direction can be classified as a long-term trend, intermediate trend or a short-term. In

terms of the stock market, a major trend is generally categorized as one lasting longer

than a year. An intermediate trend is considered to last between one and three months

and a near-term trend is anything less than a month. A long-term trend is composed of

several intermediate trends, which obtain move against the direction of the major

trend. If the major trend is upward and there is a downward correction in price

movement followed by a continuation of the up trend, the correction is considered to

be an intermediate trend. The short term trends are components both major and

intermediate trends. Take a look a Figure to get a sense of how these three trends

lengths might look.

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When analyzing trends, it is important that the chart is constructed to best reflect the

type of trend being analyzed. To help identify long-term trends, chartists to get a

better idea of the long-term trend use weekly charts or daily charts spanning a five-

year period. Daily data charts are best use when analyzing both intermediate and

short-term trends. It is also important to remember that the longer the trend, the more

important it is; for example, a month trend is not as significant as five-year trend.

Channels A Channel, or channel lines, is the addition of two parallel trend lines that act as

strong areas of support and resistance. The upper trend line connects a series of highs,

while the lower trend line connects a series of lows. A channel can slope upward,

downward or sideways but regardless of the direction, the interpretation remains the

same. Traders will expect a given security to trade between two levels of support and

resistance until it breaks beyond one of the levels in which case traders can expect a

sharp move in Direction of the break. Along with clearly displaying the trend,

channel is mainly used to illustrate important areas of support and resistance.

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Above graph a descending channel on stock chart; the upper trend line has been

placed on the highs and lower trend line is on the lows. The price has bounced off of

these line several times, and has remained rang-bound for several months. As long as

the price does not fall below the lower line or move beyond the upper resistance, the

range bound downtrend is expected to continue.

Double Bottom A charting pattern used in technical analysis. It describes the drop of a stock (or

index), a rebound, another drop to the same (or similar) level as the original drop, and

finally another rebound.

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Double Top A term used in technical analysis to describe the rise of a stock, a drop, another rise to

the same level as the original rise, and finally another drop.

The double top looks like the letter “M”. The twice-touched high is considered a

resistance level.

Triple Bottom

A pattern used in technical analysis to predict the reversal of a prolonged downtrend.

The pattern is identified when the price of an asset creates three troughs at nearly the

same price level. The third bounce off the support is an indication that buying interest

(demand) is outweighing selling interest (Supply) and that trend is in the process of

reversing.

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Once the first bottom is created, the price reaches a peak and retraces back toward the

prior support. This is when buyer enters again and pushes the price of the asset

higher, creating bottom No.2. The price of the asset then created another peak and

heads lower for its final test of the support. The final bounce of the support level

creates bottom No.3 and traders will get ready to enter a long position once the price

breaks above the previous resistance (Illustrated by the black on the chart). This

pattern is considered to be a very reliable indication that the downtrend has reversed

and that the new trend in the upward direction. Sudden change in the price direction

of a stock, index, commodity or derivative security. Also referred to as a “Trend

Reversal”, “Rally” or “Correction”.

Triple Top A pattern used in technical analysis to predict the reversal of prolonged up trend. This

pattern is identified when the price of an asset creates three peaks at nearly the same

price level. The bonus off the resistance near the third peak is clear indication that

buying interest is becoming exhausted. The traders to predict the reversal of the up

trend use it.

1 2 3

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The three consecutive tops make this pattern visually similar to the head and

shoulders pattern but, in this case, the middle peak is nearly equal to the other peak

rather than being higher. Many traders will enter into a short position once the price

of asset falls below the identified support level. (Shown by the line in the chart

above).

Head and Shoulders Pattern A technical analysis term used to describe a chart formation in which a stocks price:

1 Rises to a peak and subsequently declines.

2. Then, the price rises above the former peak and again declines

3. And finally, rises again, but not to the second peak, and declines once

more.

The First and Third peaks are shoulders, and second peak forms the head.

The “Head -and –Shoulders” pattern is believed to be one of the most reliable trend

reversal patterns.

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Volume The number of shares or contracts traded in a security or an entire market during a

given period of time. It is simply the amount of shares that trade hands from sellers to

buyers as a measure of activity. If a buyer of a stock purchases 100 shares from a

seller, then the volume for that period increases by the 100 shares based on that

transaction.

Volume is an important indicator in the technical analysis as it is used to measure the

worth of a market move. If the market have made strong price move either up or

down the perceived strength of that move depends on the volume of that period. The

higher the volume during that price move the more significant the move.

Support The price, which, historically, a stock had difficulty falling below. It is thought of as

the level at which a lot of buyers tend to enter the stock. Often referred to as the

“Support Level”.

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Resistance The Price at which a stock or market can trade, but which it cannot exceed, for a

certain period of time. Often referred to as “Resistance Level”.

40

Moving Average- MA An indicator frequently used in technical analysis showing the average value of a

security’s price over a set of period. Moving averages are generally used to measure

momentum and define areas of possible support and resistance.

41

Infosys Technologies Ltd (Infosys) was incorporated on July 2, 1981, as a private ltd

company. It became public limited company. To became public limited company on

June 1992 and subsequently the name was also changed to Infosys Technologies Ltd.

It was the first Indian company to be listed on American Stock Exchange. The

company is one of India’s leading information technologies (IT) services companies.

Enterprise Services, Product R&D services and Consulting Services. The company is

having its Headquarters in Banglore and has 17 offshore development facilities like

Aerospace & Defense, Automotive, and Banking & Capital Markets. Communication

Services, Energy, Insurance, Healthcare, Media, Transportation Services etc., Infosys

Technologies came out with an IPO in Feb. 1993 at a premium of Rs 95 for a face

value of Rs 10 per share. Since then, it has issued three bonus issues (each in the ratio

of 1:1) and split its face value of Rs 5 each. In Feb 2000, the ADRs were split in the

ratio of 2:1. In 2004-05 the company has signed up 136 new clients and had a total

client base of 438 at the end of the year. The company’s product-FINACLE, is an

integrated core banking solution that is centralized, muliti-currency and multi-

language-enabled, functionally rich, and addresses both retail and corporate banking

requirements. During 2002, GOI has raised the investment limit in an Indian

Company for FII from 49% to the maximum level approved by FDI and the

maximum limit for the software industry as approved by FDI is 100% at present, the

company is in the plan of increasing the limit of such investment to 100%. In 2006

The Company has completed the construction of an employee training facility in

Mysore, India to further enhance our employee training capabilities. The Mysore

Training complex wills accommodate 4,500 trainees at a time.

42

INFOSYS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. (INFOSYS)

Type Audited Audited Audited Audited Audited

Date of begin 1-Apr-07 1-Jan-07 1-Oct-06 1-Jul-06 1-Apr-06

Date of End 1-Jun-07 31-Mar-07 31-Dec-06 30-Sep-06 30-Jun-06

Description Value {Rs.million} Net Sales 35510 35550 34540 32730 28670Other income 2550 1200 600 660 1290

Total income 38060 36750 35140 33390 29960

Expenditure -25410 -24070 -23050 -22190 -19930Operating Profit 12650 12680 12090 11200 10030

Gross Profit 12650 12680 12090 11200 10030

Depreciation -1340 -1330 -1290 -1100 -970Profit before Tax 11310 11350 10800 -10100 9060Tax -1030 -120 -1220 -1140 -1040Provision and Cost. -- 10 -- -- -30

Profit after Tax 10280 11240 9580 8960 7990Extraordinary Items -- - -- -- 60Net Profit 10280 11240 9580 8960 8050 Equity Capital 2860 2860 2790 2780 1380Reserves 119040 108760 93630 82730 76900

EPS 18 19.96 17.2 16.15 29.13

Result Type Q Q Q Q Q

43

Price Fluctuations of Infosys Tech

Date Open High Low Close 1-Jun-07 1933 1950 1932 1939 4-Jun-07 1950 1969 1909 1916 5-Jun-07 1920 1950 1908 1943 6-Jun-07 1974 1974 1930 1938 7-Jun-07 1847 1972 1847 1957 8-Jun-07 1950 1975 1912 1951 11-Jun-07 1974 1996 1970 1980 12-Jun-07 1962 1999 1962 1990 13-Jun-07 1715 1999 1715 1989 14-Jun-07 1995 2031 1995 2019 15-Jun-07 2030 2038 2000 2009 18-Jun-07 2025 2029 1986 1989 19-Jun-07 1990 1991 1942 1957 20-Jun-07 1966 1974 1950 1954 21-Jun-07 1954 1966 1935 1958 22-Jun-07 1965 1965 1935 1951 25-Jun-07 1951 1963 1919 1937 26-Jun-07 1930 1948 1920 1922 27-Jun-07 1931 1946 1928 1935 28-Jun-07 1940 1948 1913 1925 29-Jun-07 1950 1970 1920 1929 2-Jul-07 1944 1955 1929 1944 3-Jul-07 1950 1953 1935 1947 4-Jul-07 1961 1961 1922 1931 5-Jul-07 1931 1940 1910 1917 6-Jul-07 1847 1977 1847 1972 9-Jul-07 1989 2009 1986 1994 10-Jul-07 1995 2042 1995 2021 11-Jul-07 2000 2000 1925 1930 12-Jul-07 1950 1960 1915 1922 13-Jul-07 1932 1958 1922 1940 16-Jul-07 1945 1955 1928 1936 17-Jul-07 1940 1959 1934 1939 18-Jul-07 1941 1955 1935 1945 19-Jul-07 1948 2000 1946 1997 20-Jul-07 2000 2019 1971 1986 23-Jul-07 1974 1984 1931 1948 24-Jul-07 1948 1980 1941 1975 25-Jul-07 1976 2010 1945 1989 26-Jul-07 1998 2050 1995 2034 27-Jul-07 2001 2015 1962 2008 30-Jul-07 2008 2010 1966 1986 31-Jul-07 1990 2035 1955 1976

44

infosys

17001720

1740

1760

1780

1800

1820

1840

1860

1880

1900

1920

1940

1960

1980

2000

2020

2040

2060

2080

6/1/

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7

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/200

7

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/200

7

June & july 2007

Pri

ces

Open

High

Low

Close

Graph No.1 Technical analysis of Infosys Technology ltd. From the chart of Infosys Technology Ltd we can say that script is having bullish

trend as it is breaking new highs, it may further go up.

45

Fundamental: -

1. There is a fluctuation in equity dividend. There is no fixed policy regarding

payment of dividend.

2. Rupee Dollar Fluctuation- As most of software companies in India having

their clients in the abroad, mostly in USA. There fore their earning is getting

from of dollar. If the dollar price decrease its affect their revenue badly and

recently dollar price has come down to 40.53 from 42.95rs, it will affect forth-

coming results, and currently fundamentally, it is not looking strong.

3. In India, salary of software professional will be increasing, and it will

marginally affect profit of companies and because of that, EPS will be come

down.

4. Infosys technology Ltd. On July 2007 has announced that it has signed a

multi-million dollar outsourcing contract with Royal Philips Electronics. The

deal with Philips reinforces the company’s leadership position in

transformation based BPO services. The company’s BPO has significant

growth over 70% in revenues and an increase in client base of over one-third

in FY 2007.

5. Gross Profit Ratio of the Company is stable from last five years. It is a good

sign of consistency and smooth working of the company.

6. The Net Profit Ratio is constant for last four years. It means company has

good Future.

46

Reliance Industries Ltd. The Reliance Group, founded by Dhirubhai H. Ambani (1932-2002), is India's largest

private sector enterprise, with businesses in the energy and materials value chain.

Group's annual revenues are in excess of USD 22 billion. The flagship company,

Reliance Industries Limited, is a Fortune Global 500 company and is the largest

private sector company in India

Backward vertical integration has been the cornerstone of the evolution and growth of

Reliance. Starting with textiles in the late seventies, Reliance pursued a strategy of

backward vertical integration - in polyester, fiber intermediates, plastics,

petrochemicals, petroleum refining and oil and gas exploration and production - to be

fully integrated along the materials and energy value chain. The Group's activities

span exploration and production of oil and gas, petroleum refining and marketing,

petrochemicals (polyester, fiber intermediates, plastics and chemicals), textiles and

retail. Reliance enjoys global leadership in its businesses, being the largest polyester

yarn and fiber producer in the world and among the top five to ten producers in the

world in major petrochemical products.

The Group exports products in excess of USD 7 billion to more than 100 countries in

the world. There are more than 25,000 employees on the rolls of Group Companies.

Major Group Companies are Reliance Industries Limited (including main subsidiaries

Reliance Petroleum Limited and Reliance Retail Limited), Indian Petrochemicals

Corporation Limited and Reliance Industrial Infrastructure Limited.

Reliance Industries (RIL), a petrochemical major is the flagship company of Reliance

Group has business interests in textile, polyester, petrochemical, oil and gas and oil

refinery, polymer, chemical, Acrylic and fiber Intermediates. Reliance is worlds

largest producer of polyester fiber & yarn. The company is also worlds – 3rd largest

producer of paraxylene (PX), 5th largest producer of Mono ethylene glycol (MEG), 6th

largest producer of Purified terephthalic Acid (PTA) & 7th largest producer of

47

Polypropylene PP). Within the country, Reliance is the largest manufacturer of

Polyester Fiber & Yarn, PX, PTA and MEG. The market shares of the company are in

a leading position for all its major business in India. RIL has grown into

petrochemical major since its modest. Beginning with the systematic fabric mill at

Naorda. The company has set up text rising/twisting facilities in 1979. Further the

company has set up facility at Patalganga, Maharashtra to produced PFY in 1982,

PSF in 1986, and liner alkyl benzene (LAB) and PTA in 1988. The company has set

up petrochemical facility to produced HDPE and PVC at Hazira at Gujarat in

technical collaboration with DuPont and BF Goodich respectively.

48

Reliance Industries ltd.

Type UnAudited UnAudited UnAudited UnAudited UnAudi ted



Description Value {Rs.million}

Gross Sales 294930 273990 277710 295500 261660

Excise Duty -14370 -15040 -12990 -10760 -16440

Net Sales 280560 258950 264720 284740 245220

Other income 1050 850 420 220 440

Total income 281610 259800 265140 284960 245660

Expenditure -228790 -211960 -217630 -239090 -202850

Operating Profit 52820 47840 47510 45870 42810

Interest -2880 -2770 -2930 -2780 -2660

Gross Profit 49940 45070 44580 43090 40150

Depreciation -9580 -10220 -10620 -10180 -9070

Profit before Tax 40360 34850 33960 32960 31080

Tax -7720 -6320 -5970 -5820 -5610

Profit after Tax 32640 28530 27990 27090 25470

Net Profit 32640 28530 27990 27090 25470

Equity Capital 13940 13940 13940 13940 13940

EPS 23.4 20.5 20.1 19.4 18.3


49

Price Fluctuations Share of Reliance Industries Date Open High Low Close

1-Jun-07 1773 1780 1747 1751 4-Jun-07 1769 1769 1739 1742 5-Jun-07 1739 1751 1722 1745 6-Jun-07 1751 1758 1682 1691 7-Jun-07 1673 1707 1660 1669 8-Jun-07 1664 1698 1647 1657 11-Jun-07 1800 1800 1660 1666 12-Jun-07 1675 1712 1663 1699 13-Jun-07 1698 1710 1670 1675 14-Jun-07 1686 1703 1685 1696 15-Jun-07 1700 1710 1668 1682 18-Jun-07 1698 1698 1667 1672 19-Jun-07 1672 1730 1670 1727 20-Jun-07 1727 1749 1722 1733 21-Jun-07 1735 1748 1721 1734 22-Jun-07 1735 1735 1699 1705 25-Jun-07 1708 1714 1697 1709 26-Jun-07 1709 1720 1700 1703 27-Jun-07 1699 1720 1693 1699 28-Jun-07 1709 1715 1686 1692 29-Jun-07 1700 1711 1689 1701 2-Jul-07 1704 1712 1679 1684 3-Jul-07 1676 1713 1676 1707 4-Jul-07 1711 1732 1709 1718 5-Jul-07 1718 1725 1681 1710 6-Jul-07 1714 1731 1685 1710 9-Jul-07 1703 1719 1701 1711 10-Jul-07 1715 1715 1695 1703 11-Jul-07 1717 1719 1686 1703 12-Jul-07 1707 1725 1707 1719 13-Jul-07 1730 1791 1726 1773 16-Jul-07 1780 1789 1767 1777 17-Jul-07 1789 1839 1780 1828 18-Jul-07 1835 1839 1804 1823 19-Jul-07 1823 1909 1817 1893 20-Jul-07 1899 1915 1881 1892 23-Jul-07 1880 1915 1875 1909 24-Jul-07 1912 1931 1908 1913 25-Jul-07 1895 1912 1875 1903 26-Jul-07 1910 1949 1906 1942 27-Jul-07 1920 1936 1855 1868 30-Jul-07 1885 1899 1840 1849 31-Jul-07 1865 1902 1833 1894

50

Reliance

164516551665167516851695170517151725173517451755176517751785179518051815182518351845185518651875188518951905191519251935194519551965

01-J

un-0

7

07-J

un-0

7

13-J

un-0

7

19-J

un-0

7

25-J

un-0

7

29-J

un-0

7

05-J

ul-07

11-J

ul-07

17-J

ul-07

23-J

ul-07

27-J

ul-07

June & July 2007

Pri

ces

OpenHighLowClose

Graph No.2 Technical analysis of Reliance Industry: - The chart of Reliance Industry is looking bullish and No Correction is seen from the

last two months and stock is in full movement and candle sticks are showing positive

sign for long term investment.

51

Fundamental: -

1. Earning per share shows increasing trend from last four Quarters, it means

profit generation capacity is increasing.

2. Company has announced good result for last quarter that’s why it is

looking bullish.

3. Reliance has entered in Retail market they have already started

“RELIANCE FRESH ” out lets

4. With in a short span of six years as an E&P operator, the company has

discovered a hydrocarbons in the four offshore basin of India namely

Krishna, Godavari, Mahanadi, sourashtra and now cauvery, basin with

major commercial finds in deep water. This discovery establishes the

company as a pioneer in the challenging deep-water exploration.

52

The Company was incorporated on 24th December 1949 as Hindustan Electric

Company Limited. In 1965, the Company’s name was changed to Hindustan Brown

Boveri Limited (HBB). Pursuant to the Scheme of Amalgamation of Asea Limited

with HBB with effect from 1st January 1989, the name was further changed to Asea

Brown Boveri Limited (ABB) with effect from 13th October 1989.

Flakt India Limited was amalgamated with ABB with effect from 5th October 1995.

During 1994-95, a joint venture Company - ‘ABB Daimler-Benz Transportation AG’

(Adtranz) was established by ABB Zurich and Daimler-Benz AG, Germany, in

Germany. A subsidiary of Adtranz was incorporated in India viz. ’ABB Daimler-

Benz Transportation Limited which took over the Transportation Business of the

Company effective 1st January 1996.

ABB’s power generation business was globally transferred into the new 50-50 JV

with Alstom in 1999. In India the power generation business has been demerged and

transferred to ABB Alstom Power India Ltd. with effect from 1st April 1999. In

consideration of the transfer of the power business, each shareholder of ABB has

been allotted one share in ABB Alstom Power India Ltd. for every share held in the

company.

Capital:

The Authorised Share Capital of the Company is Rs.500,000,000 and the paid-up

share capital of the Company as at the end of the financial year ended 31st December

1999 is Rs.414,183,560, consisting of 41,418,356 Equity Shares of the face value of

Rs.10 each.

Shareholding Pattern:

Asea Brown Boveri Limited, India, is a partly owned subsidiary of ABB Asea Brown

Boveri Limited, Zurich, Switzerland (ABBZH). ABBZH and Fläkt AB, Sweden, a

100 percent subsidiary of ABBZH, hold 50.99% of Equity Shares in the Company.

The balance stake is held by: FIs 22.14%, FIIs 3.63%, MFs 2.32, Non-resident

Individual 0.08%, Nationalised Banks 0.15%, Bodies Corporate 0.93%,Directors and

their relatives 0.01%, NSDL (Transit) 1.95% and General Public 17.8%.

53

ABB LTD.

Type Un audited Audited Un audited Un audited Un audited

Date of begin 01/1/2007 01/10/2006 1/07/2006 1/04/2006 01/1/2006

Date of End 31/3/2007 31/12/2006 30/9/2006 30/6/2006 31/3/2006


Net Sales 13124.44 14263.15 10705.6 9742.21 8029.13

Other income 151.69 174.06 230.4 152.97 179.51

Total income 13276.13 14437.22 10936 9895.17 8208.63

Expenditure -11842.61 -12316.42 -9599.84 -8722.17 -7334.61

Operating Profit 1433.52 2120.8 1336.16 1173.01 874.03

Interest -10.02 -1.09 -2.47 -1.75 -1.94

Gross Profit 1423.5 2119.71 1333.68 1171.26 872.09

Depreciation -86.17 -71.16 -66.25 -65.21 -62.06

Profit before Tax 1337.33 2048.55 1267.43 1106.05 810.03

Tax -471 -699 -443 -387 -297

Profit after Tax 866.33 1349.55 821.43 719.05 513.03

Net Profit 866.33 1349.55 821.43 719.05 513.03

Equity Capital 423.82 423.82 423.82 423.82 423.82

EPS 20.44 31.84 19.38 16.97 12.11


54

Price Fluctuations Shares of ABB Co. Ltd


55

ABB

9001050120013501500165018001950210022502400255027002850300031503300345036003750390040504200435045004650480049505100

6/1/

2007

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2007

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7

For the Month of June & July 2007

Pri

ces

Open

High

Low

Close

Graph No.3 Technical analysis of ABB: - The stock of ABB is in consolidation phase that’s why its become unpredictable that

where it would be go. In 7th July 2007 in this period the company has declared record

date for stock spilt. (i.e. for every 1share= 5shares). Because the record date was new

the stock went up for upward 4800 level (upside at 200 points) & for this level it spilt

(4800/5) = 960Rs. & then went up again follow as it 400 in case volatile in the stock.

56

STOCK SPLIT

ABB

4350445045504650475048504950

6/1/

07

6/4/

07

6/7/

07

6/10

/07

6/13

/07

6/16

/07

6/19

/07

6/22

/07

6/25

/07

For the month of june 2007

Pri

ces

Open

High

Low

Close

Fundamental: -

1. ABB comes under capital goods sector it’s main competitors are siemens

and crompton greaves but ABB has strong order book than those

competitor. The next 5 to 6 year it is expected to be completed

2. Bags order worth 289 cr. from Delhi metro rail corporation.

3. ABB has very good EPS as compare to its competitor so stock is good.

ABB

900950

10001050110011501200

6/28/

07

7/1/

07

7/4/

07

7/7/

07

7/10/

07

7/13/

07

7/16/

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7/19/

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7/22/

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7/31/

07

Fot the month of July 2007

Pri

ces

57

Larsen & Toubro Limited (L&T) is a technology-driven engineering and construction

organization, and one of the largest companies in India's private sector. It has

additional interests in manufacturing, services and Information Technology. A strong,

customer-focused approach and the constant quest for top-class quality have enabled

the Company to attain and sustain leadership in its major lines of business across

seven decades.

L&T has an international presence, with a global spread of offices. A thrust on

international business over the last few years has seen overseas earnings growing to

18 per cent of total revenue. With factories and offices located around the country,

further supplemented by a wide marketing and distribution network, L&T's image

and equity extends to virtually every district of India.

L&T believes that progress must necessarily be achieved in harmony with the

environment. A commitment to community welfare and environmental protection

constitute an integral part of the corporate vision.

History

The evolution of L&T into the country's largest engineering and construction

organizations is among the more remarkable success stories in Indian industry. The

company was founded in Bombay (Mumbai) in 1938 by two Danish engineers,

Henning Holck-Larsen and Soren Kristian Toubro - both of whom were strongly

committed to developing India's engineering talent and enabling it to meet the

demands of industry. Beginning with the import of machinery from Europe, L&T

rapidly took on engineering and construction assignments of increasing

sophistication. Today, the company sets engineering benchmarks in terms of scale

and complexity.

58

LARSON AND TOUBRO LTD. (L & T)

Type Unaudited Audited Unaudited Unaudited Unaudited

Date of begin 01/4/2007 01/1/2007 1/10/2006 1/07/2006 01/4/2006

Date of End 30/6/2007 31/03/2007 31/12/2006 30/9/2006 30/6/2006


Gross Sales 45738.7 63657.4 41995.1 38043 35318.3

Excise Duty -686.6 -1175 -810.9 -682.3 -549.3

Net Sales 45052.1 62482.4 41184.2 37360.7 34769

Other income 2114.7 2041.4 1279.3 1117.3 474.3

Total income 47166.8 64523.8 42463.5 38478 35243.3

Expenditure -40821.6 -54384 -36928.9 -34978.8 -32328.6

Operating Profit 6345.2 10139.8 5534.6 3499.2 2914.7

Interest -157.2 -63.3 -12.2 -106.1 -157.7

Gross Profit 6188 10076.5 5522.4 3393.1 2757

Depreciation -424.1 -698.1 -356.7 -336.4 -308.9

Profit before Tax 5763.9 9378.4 5165.7 3056.7 2448.1

Tax -1995.4 -2370.7 -1726.7 -1044.5 -876.8

Profit after Tax 3768.5 7007.7 3439 2012.2 1571.3

Net Profit 3768.5 7007.7 3439 2012.2 1571.3

Equity Capital 567.6 566.5 561.1 280 278.3

EPS 13.3 24.95 12.27 14.39 11.37


59

Price Fluctuations of shares of Larson & Toubro Ltd.


60

LNT

180018501900195020002050210021502200225023002350240024502500255026002650270027502800

06-0

1-07

06-0

8-07

06-1

5-07

06-2

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06-2

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07-2

7-07

For the month of June & July 2007

Pri

ces

Open

High

Low

Close

Graph No.4

Technical Analysis: The chart of Larson & Toubro is looking I saw how support and

resistance levels can be penetrated by a change in investor expectations. This type of

a change is often abrupt and “news based”. In this section I will review “trends”. A

trend represents a consistent change in prices (i.e. a change in investor expectations)

As shown in the following chart, a rising trend is defined by successively

higher low prices. A rising trend can be thought of as a rising support level-the bulls

are in control and are pushing prices higher.

61

Fundamental: -

1. Larsen & Toubro Ltd (L&T) has announced that the Company has secured

two more Design and Build contracts from Delhi Metro Railway

Corporation (DMRC) for the construction of the underground station at

Saket (Delhi) and a tunnel as part of its Phase II Project.

2. Larsen & Toubro Ltd has announced that the Company has bagged an order

for Rs. 980 corers for the supply and installation of Blast Furnace from Tata

Steel for its project in kalinganagar orissa.

3. Larsen & Toubro Ltd (L&T) going to set up IT special economic zone with

Arun Excello at vallancheri Tamilnadu.

4. The company currently has order book worth Rs. 41600 corers.

62

The origin of the State Bank of India goes back to the first decade of the nineteenth

century with the establishment of the Bank of Calcutta in Calcutta on 2 June 1806.

Three years later the bank received its charter and was re-designed as the Bank of

Bengal (2 January 1809). A unique institution, it was the first joint-stock bank of

British India sponsored by the Government of Bengal. The Bank of Bombay (15

April 1840) and the Bank of Madras (1 July 1843) followed the Bank of Bengal.

These three banks remained at the apex of modern banking in India till their

amalgamation as the Imperial Bank of India on 27 January 1921.

Primarily Anglo-Indian creations, the three presidency banks came into existence

either as a result of the compulsions of imperial finance or by the felt needs of local

European commerce and were not imposed from outside in an arbitrary manner to

modernize India's economy. Their evolution was, however, shaped by ideas culled

from similar developments in Europe and England, and was influenced by changes

occurring in the structure of both the local trading environment and those in the

relations of the Indian economy to the economy of Europe and the global economic

framework.

First Five-Year Plan In 1951, when the First Five Year Plan was launched, the development of rural India

was given the highest priority. The commercial banks of the country including the

Imperial Bank of India had till then confined their operations to the urban sector and

were not equipped to respond to the emergent needs of economic regeneration of the

rural areas. In order, therefore, to serve the economy in general and the rural sector in

particular, the All India Rural Credit Survey Committee recommended the creation of

a state-partnered and state-sponsored bank by taking over the Imperial Bank of India,

and integrating with it, the former state-owned or state-associate banks. An act was

accordingly passed in Parliament in May 1955 and the State Bank of India was

constituted on 1 July 1955. More than a quarter of the resources of the Indian banking

system thus passed under the direct control of the State. Later, the State Bank of India

63

(Subsidiary Banks) Act was passed in 1959, enabling the State Bank of India to take

over eight former State-associated banks as its subsidiaries (later named Associates).

The State Bank of India was thus born with a new sense of social purpose aided by

the 480 offices comprising branches, sub offices and three Local Head Offices

inherited from the Imperial Bank. The concept of banking as mere repositories of the

community's savings and lenders to creditworthy parties was soon to give way to the

concept of purposeful banking sub serving the growing and diversified financial

needs of planned economic development. The State Bank of India was destined to act

as the pacesetter in this respect and lead the Indian banking system into the exciting

Field of national development.

64

STATE BANK OF INDIA Type UnAudited UnAuditid UnAudited UnAudited UnAudi ted



Description Value {Rs.million} Operating income 113865.1 115414.6 97359.4 93774.7 88361.5 Interest on advance 79885.2 70565.6 64135.5 59017.1 54673.5

Income on Investment 28943.6 28452.6 28331.2 28744 29402.1

Interest on Balances 4970.6 16270.3 3524.8 3959.8 3441.2 Other Intersts 65.7 126.1 1367.9 2053.8 844.7 Other Income 8425.8 28943 18110.3 14337.6 17626

Total Income 122290.9 144357.6 115469.7 108112.3 105987.5

Interest Expanded -68891.2 -72213.3 -57846.1 -54788.2 -49520.6 Operating Expenses -29785.1 -32460.2 -29074 -28598.4 -28102.4

Payment for Employees -20263.7 -20238.8 -20297.1 -19547.1 -19242.9 Other Operating Expenses -9521.4 -12221.4 -8776.9 -9051.3 -8859.5 Total Expenditure for Banks -98676.3 -104673.5 -86920.1 -83386.6 -77623 Operating Profit 23614.6 39684.1 28549.6 24725.7 28364.5

Profit before tax 23614.6 39684.1 28549.6 24725.7 28364.5

Tax -7762.8 -10626.3 -6237.1 -6067.4 -7559.1 Tax provisions and contingencies -1593.7 -14125.9 -11661.9 -6813.4 -12819.7

Profit after tax 14258.1 14931.9 10650.6 11844.9 7985.7

Net profit 14258.1 14931.9 10650.6 11844.9 7985.7 Equity Capital 5263 5263 5263 5263 5263

Reserves 305036.6 305036.6 271177.9 271177.9 271177.9 Percent of shares Govt.of India 59.73 -- -- -- -- Capital Adequacy Ratio in % 13.13 12.34 11.86 12.63 11.97

EPS 27.09 28.37 20.24 22.51 15.17


65

Price Fluctuations Of shares of State Bank Of India Date Open High Low Close

1-Jun-07 1364 1385 1356 1379 4-Jun-07 1400 1418 1390 1406 5-Jun-07 1400 1445 1393 1437 6-Jun-07 1445 1454 1381 1390 7-Jun-07 1382 1402 1353 1361 8-Jun-07 1331 1387 1321 1357 11-Jun-07 1356 1379 1336 1340 12-Jun-07 1354 1354 1306 1332 13-Jun-07 1325 1333 1280 1290 14-Jun-07 1300 1326 1295 1314 15-Jun-07 1325 1349 1307 1324 18-Jun-07 1340 1345 1313 1319 19-Jun-07 1325 1378 1313 1372 20-Jun-07 1383 1430 1373 1424 21-Jun-07 1433 1465 1400 1447 22-Jun-07 1445 1478 1445 1455 25-Jun-07 1460 1460 1434 1450 26-Jun-07 1456 1466 1443 1457 27-Jun-07 1455 1468 1435 1447 28-Jun-07 1460 1475 1448 1471 29-Jun-07 1472 1532 1472 1526 2-Jul-07 1530 1551 1523 1531 3-Jul-07 1548 1590 1542 1582 4-Jul-07 1599 1620 1556 1564 5-Jul-07 1575 1578 1532 1547 6-Jul-07 1550 1799 1527 1551 9-Jul-07 1556 1580 1536 1571 10-Jul-07 1578 1580 1546 1551 11-Jul-07 1540 1557 1515 1541 12-Jul-07 1548 1569 1548 1559 13-Jul-07 1565 1584 1554 1560 16-Jul-07 1560 1618 1545 1612 17-Jul-07 1615 1625 1574 1583 18-Jul-07 1589 1589 1560 1576 19-Jul-07 1577 1608 1577 1596 20-Jul-07 1610 1620 1576 1584 23-Jul-07 1584 1591 1567 1585 24-Jul-07 1605 1608 1567 1576 25-Jul-07 1570 1584 1536 1569 26-Jul-07 1570 1575 1542 1552 27-Jul-07 1520 1528 1470 1499 30-Jul-07 1524 1615 1510 1578 31-Jul-07 1622 1636 1540 1624

66

SBI

120012251250127513001325135013751400142514501475150015251550157516001625165016751700172517501775180018251850

6/1/

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7

For the Month of June & July 2007

Pri

ces

Open

High

Low

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Graph No.5 Technical analysis of State Bank Of India: - The chart of State Bank Of India is looking bullish and No Correction is seen from

the last two months and stock is in full movement and candle sticks is showing

positive sign for long term investment.

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Fundamental: -

1. RBI has increased CRR by 0.5 %. It may affect the performance of Bank

2. Interest rate hike.

3. State Bank of India (SBI) has informed BSE that the Bank has decided to

revise interest rates on domestic term deposits rate with effect from August

09, 2007.

4. Government of India also thinking about the merger of subsidiaries of State

Bank of India with in it. It will make huge impact on SBI stock.

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RESEARCH STUDY OF INVESTOR.

1) Where do you invest your money?

In the Reliance money, I have asked 200 people where you like invests your

money.

Investment types No. of respondents Percentage Stock market 40 20 Bank F.D 60 30 Real estate 80 40 Mutual funds 20 10 Total 200 100

Table. 1

No. of respondents

20%

30%40%

10%

Stock market

Bank F.D

Real estate

Mutual funds

Graph 6

Interpretation:

From the above table & pie chart, it represent that people invest only 20 % of money

in Stock market & 10% in Mutual Funds. 40% of people generally interested in Real

estate and Bank F.D 30%. Because the chances of risk and losses are minimum than

Stock Market & Mutual Funds. Even the returns are more in Stock Market & Mutual

Funds, but due safety people prefer Real estate and Band F.D.

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How will you decide a company for investment?

Selection of company for investment

No. of Respondents Percentage

Own Decision 30 15 Broker Advice 84 42 Speculation 46 23 Research Reports 40 20 200 100

Table 2

No. of Respondents

15%

42%23%

20%

Own Decision

Broker Advice

Speculation

Research Reports

Graph 7

Interpretation: From the above table & pie chart it represents that 42% of people

take Advice of Broker while investment in stocks, and 23% of people invest on the

basis of speculation, and 20% on basis of Research Reports by Technical analyst and

15% invest on there own decision. But many experts feel that if people invest money

in stock market by Research Report then chances of profit is high and losses are

minimum because Research Report give good suggestion and already they have

calculated risk in stocks so it will be beneficial while investment. If investment on the

basis of speculation the chances of losses are high and profits minimum. If you do not

have, any knowledge of stock market so should ask to your Broker who will advice

you in better way because these people have good knowledge than us.

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2) What kind of trading you do?

Types of Trading No. of Respondent Percentage Intra day 86 43 Short term 44 22 Medium Trading 22 11 Long term Trading 48 24 200 100

Table 3

No. of Respondent

43%

22%

11%

24%

Intra day

Short term

Medium Trading

Long term Trading

Graph 8

Interpretation: From the above Graph & Pie chart it represent that 43% people

do intraday in which the profit and risk both are the high but many research

suggest that it is always better to investment of money in long term than short

term or medium term or intraday (i.e. speculations). If we invest money on long-

term basis then returns are good & the risk is minimum. Therefore, it is always

good invest money for long-term basis

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2) What are the factors do you consider while selection of company?

Factor consider for selection of company

No. of Respondents Percentage

Fundamental Analysis 86 43 Technical Analysis 44 22 Both 20 10 Speculation 50 25 200 100

Table 4

No. of Respondents

43%

22%

10%

25%

Fundamental Analysis

Technical Analysis

Both

speculation

Graph 9

Interpretation : From the above Graph & Pie chart it represent that 43% of

people take the help of fundamental and 22% of people take the help of technical

analysis by which the risk can be calculated and profit can be maximize.

However, even that 25% of people invest on the basis of speculation, which is

risky. 10% are people invest money by both (i.e. fundamentally and technical) by

which prediction can be good. If people invest money on the basis of analysis

then the risk can be minimize and profit can be maximize.

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3) Where will you most prefer to invest your money? Most prefer companies No. of Respondents Percentage Large cap 105 52.5 Mid cap 40 20 Small cap 55 27.5 200 100

Table 5

No. of Respondents

52%

20%

28%

Large cap

Mid cap

Small cap

Graph 10

Interpretation : From the above Graph & table, we can say that 50% percent of

people like to invest money in Blue Chips companies because the volumes of trading

and good results are more. Therefore, the profit is more. Mid cap and small, give

minimum profit than blue chips or large cap.

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4) Which Companies shares will you buy?

Like to invest in sectors No. of Respondent Percentage I.T 110 55% Banking 60 30% Engineering 30 15% 200 100

Table 6

No. of Respondent

55%30%

15%

I.T

Banking

Engineering

Graph 11

Interpretation : From the above Graph & chart, we can say that 55% of people prefer

I.T. Sector for investment because these companies are strong by fundamentally and

it have large market capitalization than others. After that, 30% of people prefer

banking sector it has large market capitalization and after that, 15% of people like to

invest in Engineering companies.

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Finding 1. Infosys

With the reference to graph no.1, Technical analysis of script interprets that, wait &

watch because script forms interprets that after correction comes in stock it gets well

supported level.

Fundamental analysis interprets that EPS is per share Rs.19.96 in 2007

continues increasing last 5 year. Infosys fundamental analysis interprets that;

company gives equity dividend 300% this year.

It means that script is strong and investor should remain in stock for long

period. Returns are very good. The target price is Rs.2040.so there is an upside there,

the structure is positive but one needs to put a stop at around Rs 2020. Particular

stock has some news eg;-result, entering into new business, merger with other

company, & on basis of that news the price goes up or down.

2. Reliance Industries

With the reference to Graph no 2, Technical analysis of script interprets that, wait &

watch because script forms has always rising pattern over period. The fundamental

analysis interprets that; company gives equity dividend 100% this year. EPS is

Rs.20.5 per share. Reliance Industries shareholders & creditors approve Scheme of

Amalgamation. Gross Profit & Net Profit is also maintained. Reliance Industries

script is fundamentally strong. An investor should buy in current rally for long period.

Returns are very good. The starter price Rs 1945 so there is a structure is positive a

stop at around Rs. 1795.

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3. ABB

With the reference to Graph no 3, Technical analysis of script interprets that, wait &

watch because script forms Stock Split.

ABB Ltd. Fundamentally is shows that are much fluctuation in EPS is Rs.20.44 per

share. Company has decided the dividend but not declared.

Fundamental analysis suggests that it has a split stock that s why this stock is very

good for buy for delivery .Investor can buy a stock for long period of time the target

price is Rs.1500.

4. L&T

With the reference to Graph no 4, The technical analysis of the script interprets that

buy in up trend rally because of script has always rising pattern over period. L& T in

this script I found that fundamental analysis that, company gives equity dividend

500% this year. EPS is Rs.24.95 per share. Company also offers the bonus share 1:1

per share in 2007.gross profit & net profit is consistent. Script is fundamentally

strong. Particular stock has some news e.g.;-result, entering into new business, merger

with other company, & on basis of that news the price goes up or down.

5. State Bank of India

With the reference to Graph no 5, Technical analysis of script interprets that, rising

pattern over period. State Bank of India Fundamental analysis interprets that EPS is

improving EPS is Rs.13.13 per Share. Bank also gives equity dividends 150% this

year. Particular stock has some news e.g.;-result, entering into new business, merger

with other company, & on basis of that news the price goes up or down.

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Suggestion Chart

Script EPS Dividends Bonus Result

CMP Target Price

Stop-Loss Price

Infosys 19.96 300% -- Sale 1976 2040 2020

Reliance 20.5 100% -- ? HOLD 1894 1945 1795

ABB 20.44 -- -- Buy 1147 1500 1240

L & T 24.95 500% 1:1 Sale

2608 2750 2640

SBI 28.37 150% -- Buy 1624 1690 1630

SUGGESTION

Following are suggestions made based on study with reference to watch on NEAT

Screen, interaction with clients, data analysis and findings:

1. In IT sector Infosys is very good because it’s EPS is continuously increasing

and company have given 300 % dividend it means stock is strong by

fundamentally and technically it is also growing very well people should

invest in this stock

2. Reliance Industries is also looking strong by fundamentally and technically, in

future it is entering in to new business, merger with other company so this is

also good option for investment.

3. ABB is split stock, split-ratio was (4800/5) = 960 is split price that is why this

stock is very good for delivery due to split the price is down it was 4800

before split.

4. Technically L&T is in rising pattern, company offered the bonus share 1:1 per

share and gross profit and net profit is consistent. This is good stock for

investment

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5. As the largest bank in India SBI is also very good for investment, EPS is also

increasing it will entering into new business and it will merger with other

banks (State Bank of Sourashtra) on the basis of this price goes up or down.

6. Share market is growing sectors if people invest money in stocks the returns

will be good than Bank F.D & Real Estate. People also should invest money

Mutual Funds as per return concerns.

7. If people invest money on Research reports or broker advice then chances of

risk is low and chances of return will be high.

8. It is always better to invest money on long term basis than intra day because

intraday is nothing but a speculation

9. If people consider both i.e. fundamental analysis and technical analysis then it

will be better than speculation

10. Currently IT sector is in boom so it is better to invest money in IT and also

good in Banking sector

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CONCLUSION With the help of project I concluded that blue chip companies are playing very

important role in the share market. Lot of investors is investing their money in the

blue chip companies. And this is the reason that the volume of blue chip companies is

high.

During this period of two months I came to know that in the process of equity

analysis of blue chip companies two weapons are playing a vital role i.e. Fundamental

Analysis and Technical Analysis.

The concept of Fundamental Analysis studies the performance of blue chip

companies. With the help of Fundamental Analysis can know the past performance of

the blue chip companies. Fundamental Analysis considers the long-term performance

of companies and this helps the investors to invest their money for long term as well

as can get the good returns.

Technical Analysis comprises short-term analysis of blue chip companies. Technical

Analysis really just studies supply and demand in the market in an attempt to

determine what direction or trend will continue in the future.

The study of technical as well as fundamental analysis can give detail information

about the well running companies in the market. Before investing in any company

one should study these two concepts.

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LIMITATIONS OF STUDY

� To understand the overall working of share market, the period of 60 days is

not enough.

� Moreover, very few investor and agents have a detail knowledge of the study.

� A study is conducted in Nasik only, which restrict the scope of the study

� The data provided by the investor and the agents can’t be held true as 100%

correct.

� The study was conducted to understand with respect to fundamental and

technical analysis, which is a part of the equity share market.

80

� A to Z Analysis

� Dalal Streets

� www.bseindia.com

� www.nseindia.com

� www.reliancemoney.com

� www.moneycontrol.com

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