Equality What is the difference between

Equality of opportunity Equality of outcome

How would you define equality?

Gilded:gold and glitter on the outside; empty, corrupt on the inside.

New York Mansions

The Other Half

Reasons for growth:I. Increased immigration

• many lacked money to buy farms, so stayed in cities

II. Rural Americans moved to cities• fewer people need on thefarms… machines did the work.

Developing Cities• crowding: skyscraperssteel made it possible to buildtall buildings

• mass transit: horse cars, then electric trolley cars subways

• tenements and ghettos:• infrastructure needed: pavedStreets, sewers, street lights,etc

What is a tenement? A multi-unit

dwelling consisting several apartments.

Did you know?

At the turn of the twentieth century almost half of the American population were living in tenement buildings.

Immigrants and Tenements Poor immigrants flocked to tenements as

places to live. Appealing to immigrants because of the

low cost. Uncovered by muckraker, Jacob Riis,

tenements usually had many delinquents and organized crime.

Floor Plan• Many were as small as 325 square feet•There would be 10-12 people living in one space.

Unsanitary Conditions There were no laws to enforce living

standards. All that was necessary was a fire escape

and one outhouse for every twenty people.

So many people live in each that they became filthy.

Public baths were made as a result of poor hygiene.

Crowding in Tenements Four families

would fit in an area fit for one family.

Multiple children slept in one bed which helped with the heat issues in the winter.

Did you know?Seventy out of one hundred deaths

in the 1840’s were among people living in tenements. Most of them occurred in children.

Crowding caused disease to spread much more easily throughout the tenements.

Apartments Today There have been

laws passed to improve conditions in apartments today drastically.

Many good sized apartments are between 800-1000 square feet.

They normally do not hold nearly as many people as tenements did.

Efforts to solve problems• Settlement Houses:

Community centers for the poor provided day care, recreation, English lessons, hygiene, cooking

• Jane Addams opens the 1st

settlement house in USA: Hull House … Chicago slums

Read Section 2, Chapter 15pp 446-451

Define all of the terms in the section Why did immigrants tend to group

together in the cities? What housing problems did urban

working-class families face? How did conditions in cities affect

people’s health? #4 Evaluating on page 451 Which problems from this time period do

people still face today?