epa edison - innovative stormwater real-time control
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Water Information Systems – Innovative Applications of Distributed Real-Time Control and Ambient Information Systems for Storm Water and CSO ControlTRANSCRIPT
Water Information Systems Water Information Systems Innovative Applications of Distributed Innovative Applications of Distributed
Real-Time Control and Ambient Real-Time Control and Ambient Information Systems for Storm Water Information Systems for Storm Water
and CSO Controland CSO Control
What is Technically Feasible and What is Technically Feasible and Practicable Now? Practicable Now?
Marcus Quigley, P.E. (CA), D.WRE, CPESCMarcus Quigley, P.E. (CA), D.WRE, CPESC
Geosyntec ConsultantsGeosyntec Consultants
Brookline, MABrookline, MA
The Big Picture What roles can and should technology play in What roles can and should technology play in
addressing specific urban water control problems?addressing specific urban water control problems? Can passive approaches achieve optimal solutions Can passive approaches achieve optimal solutions
given the realities of the built environment?given the realities of the built environment? What can we do with dynamic intelligent controls?What can we do with dynamic intelligent controls? What is the state of the art?What is the state of the art? Where are we heading? Where are we heading?
Initial ResearchInitial ResearchReal-Time Tide Gate Retrofit for Salt Mash RestorationReal-Time Tide Gate Retrofit for Salt Mash Restoration
Patent # 60/850,600 and 11/869,927
Real-Time Control – EPA 2006Real-Time Control – EPA 2006
Local Manual Control Local Automatic Control
Supervisory ControlAutomatic (Remote) Regional
Control
Automatic System-wide Global Control
Predictive System-wide Global Control
Recent Innovation by Others Recent Innovation by Others EmNet, Inc.EmNet, Inc.
(Timothy Ruggaber et al., 2008)(Timothy Ruggaber et al., 2008)
Novel Optimization Strategies (Wan and Lemmon)
Other Technologies – ZigBee Mesh NetworksOther Technologies – ZigBee Mesh Networks
Wellspring’s Aqura System (2009)
AMR
The ToolsThe Tools Distributed System DesignsDistributed System Designs
ScalableScalable Integrate/network systemsIntegrate/network systems
Embedded Models (VS-SWMM)Embedded Models (VS-SWMM) Runoff block calculations Runoff block calculations Internet rainfall data source or on-siteInternet rainfall data source or on-site
On-board compilersOn-board compilers Integrated web serversIntegrated web servers IP communicationsIP communications
Examples of What Can We AccomplishExamples of What Can We Accomplish
HydrologyHydrology Pre-development hydrograph matchingPre-development hydrograph matching
• HydromodificationHydromodification Site level CSO dynamic controlSite level CSO dynamic control
ReuseReuse Combination detention/reuse/harvesting facilitiesCombination detention/reuse/harvesting facilities
Water QualityWater Quality Adaptive detention time optimizationsAdaptive detention time optimizations
Scale IssuesScale Issues Site level systems acting at watershed scalesSite level systems acting at watershed scales
Predictive ManagementPredictive Management Integrate internet accessible sources into operational decisions Integrate internet accessible sources into operational decisions
(e.g., forecasts)(e.g., forecasts)
HydromodHydromod
Effective Work Index (W)
Range of Geomorphically Significant flows
Characteristics of Bed and
Bank Materials
c bi
Stream Flow
tWn
icbi
5.1
1
c
Normal Dry Weather Flow Level
Erosion Potential (Ep)Erosion Potential (Ep)
Post-UrbanPost-Urban
Pre-UrbanPre-Urban
Work DoneWork Done
TimeTime
Shear Shear StresStres
ss
pre
post
W
WEp tW
n
icbi
5.1
1
c
Concept behind flow duration Concept behind flow duration control standardcontrol standard
Pre vs. Post-Development Flow
Flow Bins
Fre
qu
en
cy (
cou
nts
)
Pre-Development Flows
Post-Development Flows
Post-Development Flows with Duration Control
Flow Bins
Fre
qu
en
cy (
cou
nts
)Matching Flow
Duration
QcQc
Flow-Duration Example 1Flow-Duration Example 1(Orange County, Gobernadora Canyon)(Orange County, Gobernadora Canyon)
Cumulative Frequency Distribution Gobernadora Catchment 3
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 1 10 100 1000 10000
HOURS OF FLOWS HIGHER OR EQUAL TO Q
FLO
W (C
FS)
Pre-Urban Runoff to Stream
Post-Urban Runoff to Stream
Post Urban Runoff with Controls
Cumulative Frequency DistributionChiquita Catchment 13
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 1 10 100 1000 10000
HOURS OF FLOWS HIGHER OR EQUAL TO Q
FLO
W (C
FS)
Pre-Urban Runoff to Stream
Post-Urban Runoff to Stream
Post-Urban Runoff with Controls
Flow-Duration Example 2 (Orange County, Chiquita Canyon)
What would be ideal?What would be ideal? Hydrograph matchingHydrograph matching Even better - model matchingEven better - model matching
Arbitrary watershed characteristicsArbitrary watershed characteristics Embedded modelEmbedded model Enables adaptive managementEnables adaptive management
VS-SWMMVS-SWMM Use desktop Model input filesUse desktop Model input files Same algorithmsSame algorithms Significant permitting advantages Significant permitting advantages
Advanced RainwaterAdvanced RainwaterHarvesting SystemsHarvesting Systems
Onsite Rainwater UseOnsite Rainwater Use PassivePassive
Rain barrel with drip hoseRain barrel with drip hose
Manually ControlledManually Controlled On-demand use On-demand use
Active Conventionally Controlled (“Harvesting”)Active Conventionally Controlled (“Harvesting”) Connected as non-potable water supply or irrigationConnected as non-potable water supply or irrigation Float switch drawdown or siphonFloat switch drawdown or siphon
Advanced Harvesting ControlledAdvanced Harvesting Controlled Optimized to minimize bypass or achieve other goalsOptimized to minimize bypass or achieve other goals
Advanced HarvestingAdvanced Harvesting
Simplest DefinitionSimplest Definition
Drain storage in advance of predicted rainfall Drain storage in advance of predicted rainfall or other triggeror other trigger
Roof Runoff
Irrigation
Stream
Conventional Harvesting SystemConventional Harvesting System
Non-potable Use
Overflow
Roof Runoff
Irrigation
Stream
Advanced Harvesting SystemAdvanced Harvesting System
Controlled Discharge
Non-potable Use
Overflow
Hardware DesignHardware Design Processor/ControllerProcessor/Controller
32-bit ARM 7 32-bit ARM 7 • 6 x 10 bit A/D I/O6 x 10 bit A/D I/O• 1 x 10 bit D/A I/O1 x 10 bit D/A I/O• 31 Digital I/O channels31 Digital I/O channels• 5000 lines of code 5000 lines of code • 10Mb Ethernet/IP Stack10Mb Ethernet/IP Stack• Built in web serverBuilt in web server• Embedded compilerEmbedded compiler• <1 W power consumption<1 W power consumption
CostCost <$40<$40
Rapid prototyping of daughter boardsRapid prototyping of daughter boards Other Systems – Single Board ComputersOther Systems – Single Board Computers
Advanced Harvesting Controller
5”
7”
Summary of FindingsSummary of Findings
Advanced harvesting systems function Advanced harvesting systems function nearly identically to control storm water nearly identically to control storm water independent of water use rates.independent of water use rates.
Reasonable conventional systems are Reasonable conventional systems are relatively ineffective for mitigating storm relatively ineffective for mitigating storm water peak discharge impacts on CSOs.water peak discharge impacts on CSOs.
Modeling Results – Flows to CSOModeling Results – Flows to CSO
Flow (cfs)
Per
cent
Le
ss T
han
Modeling Results – Frequent Flows to CSOModeling Results – Frequent Flows to CSO
Flow (cfs)
Per
cent
Le
ss T
han
Modeling Results – High Peak Discharges to CSOModeling Results – High Peak Discharges to CSO
Flow (cfs)
Hou
rs G
reat
er T
han
Water Information SystemsWater Information Systems
Saw a need to integrate forecast information Saw a need to integrate forecast information into distributed RTC systems.into distributed RTC systems.
What is the least expensive means for What is the least expensive means for getting data from the internet into the field getting data from the internet into the field
for real time control?for real time control?
•Move digital information “off the screen into the physical environment, manifesting itself as subtle changes in form, movement, sound, color, smell, temperature, or light. Ambient displays are well suited as a means to keep users aware of… general states of large systems…” (Ishii et al:, 1998)
Ambient Information SystemsAmbient Information Systems
•“Ambient displays have the ambitious goal of presenting information without distracting or burdening the user.” (Mankoff et al. 2003)
Ambient Information SystemsAmbient Information Systems
Ambient Information in Electric Ambient Information in Electric Power Use/Grid FeedbackPower Use/Grid Feedback
Analog MetersAnalog Meters Digital MetersDigital Meters Automated Meter ReadingAutomated Meter Reading Fixed Data Collection Networks/AMIFixed Data Collection Networks/AMI Web AccessWeb Access Online Dashboards/Hardware Online Dashboards/Hardware
DashboardsDashboards Integrated Smart Controllers/Self- Integrated Smart Controllers/Self-
Organizing NetworksOrganizing Networks Ambient Information ServicesAmbient Information Services Intelligent AgentsIntelligent Agents
Water Meter Technology ProgressionWater Meter Technology Progression
Ann Arbor, MIAnn Arbor, MI Web AccessWeb Access
Boston, MABoston, MA Web AccessWeb Access
Ambient Water Information SystemsAmbient Water Information SystemsGoal Information Conveyed to
IndividualTarget Outcomes
Reduce Consumptive Use Waste
Individual feedback on weekly cumulative water use, water pricing data, and/or system demand. Information regarding irrigation consumption best practice based on weather and/or climatic data. Indicating and alerting individuals to changes in local regulatory actions relative to consumptive use such as irrigation bans.
Reductions in consumptive use and changes in timing of use as a result of feedback and awareness of impacts.
Optimize Storm Water Control Usage
Information on how to optimize use of storm water controls that require individual participation (e.g., rain barrel, blue roof, or cistern management).
Optimal use of Rain Barrels or other controls which require operator control and decision making (e.g., drain or leave full) for volume control in urbanized areas.
Reduce CSO Impacts
Information regarding receiving water quality and CSO status in combined sewer areas.
Consumptive use changes based on direct impacts on receiving waters. These could include but are not limited to timing or other decisions about consumptive use and decisions about waste water quality (e.g., what do I send down the drain at a given time).
Water Beacon System DesignWater Beacon System Design
Geosyntec Water Beacon Server•Account Information•Conservation Targets•Water Bans/Alerts•Watch/Warning Source Data (e.g., CSO)•Telemetry Data (e.g., gauge data, flow)•Real-Time Modeling (e.g., Streeter Phelps)
Scheduled Query
Query Results
Color and Animation Data to Ambient Devices Servers
With Permission - Copyright Ambient Devices © 2008
With Permission - Copyright Ambient Devices © 2008
With Permission - Copyright Ambient Devices © 2008
With Permission - Copyright Ambient Devices © 2008
Thank You!Thank You!