enzymes & your body by malinda pires. enzymes are catalyst enzymes speed up chemical reactions....
Post on 21-Dec-2015
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Enzymes are Catalyst
• Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.•Animation Menu•Enzymes are catalyst to over 4000 biochemical reactions!
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GLO1_Homo_sapiens_small_fast.gif
Activation Energy
Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Activation_energy.svg
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College
Enzymes are Reusable
• Enzymes are reusable molecules found in living things.
• Animation Menu
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GLO1_Homo_sapiens_small_fast.gif
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College
Classifying Enzymes• There are 4 major categories of macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, &
nucleic acids
• Most enzymes belong to the class of proteins.• However, there are a few catalytic RNA molecules.
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1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Glucose-2D-skeletal.png 2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Phospholipids_aqueous_solution_structures.svg 3 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mouse-cholera-antibody-1f4x.png 4 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Benzopyrene_DNA_adduct_1JDG.png
Naming Enzymes
• Take the name of the substrate the enzyme works on and add the suffix -ase
• Example: Lactose Lactase
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lactase.jpg
Enzyme Form and Function
• Lock & key Model: The shape of an enzyme allows it to do a specific job much like a lock and key.
• Specificity - Animation Menu
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wardedlock.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Llave_bronce.jpg
Induced Fit Model• Enzymes can form to the shape of its
substrate.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Induced_fit_diagram.svg
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College
Denaturing Enzymes
• When an enzyme is denatured it is damaged.
• Denaturing changes the shape.
• Without the correct shape enzymes won’t function properly.
• HOW are enzymes denatured?– Temperature Animation Menu
– pH
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College
Enzyme Inhibitors
• Chemicals that prevent the enzyme from working.• Inhibitors decrease the enzyme reaction rate.
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Competitive_inhibition.svg
Enzyme Activators• Chemicals that help the enzyme work.• Activators increase the enzyme reaction rate.
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College
X
Activator
SubstrateBindingSite
ActiveSite
Enzymes are used all over your body!
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Digestive_system_diagram_en.svg