environmentaland social impact assessment project …

ENVIRONMENTALAND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTPROJECT REPORT FOR PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OF AMODERN ABATTOIR (SLAUGHTERHOUSE) IN OL KALOU

MUNICIPALITY, NYANDARUA COUNTY

Report submitted to the National Environment Management Authority(NEMA) in accordance with section 58 of Environmental Management

and Coordination Act,

PROPONENT

MUNICIPAL MANAGER

OLKALOU MUNICIPALITY,

PO BOX 701-20303 OL’KALOU Telephone: 0202660859 Email: [email protected]

NYANDARUA COUNTY

CONSULTANTSICONIC TWO INVESTMENT

P.O BOX 7 OLKALOU

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Project Report for proposed slaughterhouse in OlkalouMunicipality

CERTIFICATION

I/We, the undersigned certify that to the best of my/our knowledge and belief,

this report is correct and true reflection of the findings on the anticipated for

proposed construction of a modern abattoir (slaughterhouse) in Ol kalou

Municipality, Nyandarua County

For and on behalf of Consultants

Eng. Sammy K. Cheluleh

License No: 0629

Signature…………………………… Date………………………

I, certify that I have read this report for and on behalf of Proponent and that it is to

the best of my knowledge and belief correct and true.

Name: ..........................................................

Designation: ................................................

Telephone:………………………………..

Signature:…………………………….. Date:…………………………


Executive summary

This document is the report of an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) conducted for

the proposed modern slaughterhouse in Ol kalou Municipality. The project will be funded by the

County Government of Nyandarua through Urban Support Programme. The Environmental

Management and Coordination Act, 1999 requires that such projects undergo an Environmental

assessment to predict and evaluate their potential impacts on the environment. To this end

developers of such facilities are required to acquire an EIA license prior to their implementation. The

aim of EIA is to ensure that necessary mitigation measures for all probable adverse impacts are

incorporated into the project design and implementation to promote sustainable development. The

report was conducted in accordance with the provisions of the Environmental Management and

Coordination (Environmental Impact Assessment/Audit) Regulations, 2003, which outlines the scope

and the content of such a report.

Data for the compilation of this report was gathered through filed visits and direct measurements,

interviews with key stakeholders. Views of the members of the public were collected through semi-

structured questionnaires. In addition, photographs and GPS coordinates of the proposed site were

taken.

This report is organized in nine chapters as follows:

Chapter 1: The chapter gives general information about the project including the state of livestock

sector in the country, objectives and terms of reference of the study and description of

the proposed interventions.

Chapter 2: This documents the general background information of the area such as location,

administration, climatic conditions, soils and infrastructure.

Chapter3: The chapter describes the details of the proposed project including the design,

implementation arrangements and activities during construction and operation phase of

the project.

Chapter 4: The various legislative and regulatory provisions that might have an impact on the

implementation of the project are reviewed in this chapter.

Chapter 5: The chapter predicts impacts of the proposed project on the biophysical and socio-

economic environments. The main impacts will include:-


Creation of employment

Improvement of infrastructure

Impacts on livestock marketing and production

Impacts on health and safety

Environmental pollution

Impacts on soil and hydrology

The chapter also documents the recommendations made to minimize the potential adverse

impacts of the project while enhancing the positive impacts.

Chapter 6: The various project alternatives are discussed, these include no project option,

alternative sites and scale of operation. The proposed site is preferred based on various

factors but it was felt that there is need for additional land to accommodate the project.

Chapter 7: Findings of the public consultations

Chapter 8: The chapter summarizes the anticipated impacts during the various stages of

implementation of the project and the respective mitigation measures. The

responsibilities for the implementation of these measures are also presented.

The report winds up by presenting the key conclusions and recommendations. The main conclusions

is that the project will make significant contribution to the local economy through job creation,

opening up the area for more investments, infrastructural development, promotion of local linkages

and market among others. It is hereby recommended that;

Nyandarua County Government must control land use in the vicinity of the slaughterhouse

to prevent possible future conflicts.

the management of the project takes strong cognizance of the importance attached to

environmental health and therefore maximize efforts to safeguard the environment in all

operations and activities of the project.

the day to day construction and operation of the project be supervised to ensure that the

environment is not degraded unnecessarily. To achieve this, there is need for the developer

to obtain a written commitment from the project contractor to the effect that this report

shall be fully complied with during construction;

the proposed Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) should be fully

implemented;

explore generation of biogas from the slaughterhouse wastes


all necessary approvals, permits and licenses should be obtained at various stages of the

project;

an environmental audit should be conducted within 12 months of commencement to

evaluate the implementation of ESMP.


Table of contents

CERTIFICATION........................................................................................................................................2

Executive summary.................................................................................................................................3

1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................9

1.1 Livestock sector in Kenya..........................................................................................................9

1.2 Slaughterhouses in Kenya........................................................................................................9

1.3 The proposed action...............................................................................................................10

1.4 Project Justification................................................................................................................10

1.5 Need for EIA............................................................................................................................11

1.6 Terms of reference.................................................................................................................11

1.7 Methods and approaches.......................................................................................................11

2.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................12

2.1 Site and location.....................................................................................................................12

2.2 Physical and Topographic Features........................................................................................12

2.3 Climate of Nyandarua County................................................................................................13

2.4 Infrastructure..........................................................................................................................13

2.4.1 Electricity.........................................................................................................................13

2.4.2 Water Reticulation system..............................................................................................13

2.4.3 Sewerage System............................................................................................................13

2.5 Demography...........................................................................................................................13

2.6 Livestock Production..............................................................................................................14

3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION...............................................................................................................15

3.1 Project objective.....................................................................................................................15

3.2 Proposed design and facilities................................................................................................15

3.3 Construction activities............................................................................................................16

3.3.1 Excavation and foundation work....................................................................................16

3.3.2 Storage of materials........................................................................................................16

3.3.3 Masonry, concrete work and related activities..............................................................17

3.3.4 Structural steel work.......................................................................................................17

3.3.5 Roofing works..................................................................................................................17

3.3.6 Electrical works...............................................................................................................17

3.3.7 Plumbing..........................................................................................................................17


3.4 Implementation and management........................................................................................17

3.5 Slaughtering process..............................................................................................................18

4.0 LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK.........................................................................20

4.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................20

4.2 The Environmental Management and Coordination Act, 1999.............................................20

4.3 Environmental Management and Coordination water quality and waste management

regulations.........................................................................................................................................21

4.4 Public Health Act (Cap 242)....................................................................................................21

4.5 Physical Planning Act..............................................................................................................22

4.6 Water Act, 2002......................................................................................................................22

4.7 Penal Code Act (Cap.63).........................................................................................................22

4.8 Occupational Health and Safety Act (2007)...........................................................................22

4.9 The Stock and Production Theft Act Cap 355.........................................................................23

4.10 The Meat Control Act Cap 356............................................................................................23

4.11 The Meat Control (local slaughterhouse) Regulations, 2010.............................................23

4.12 The Hide, Skin and leather Trade Act (Cap 359).................................................................24

4.13 The Animal Disease Act Cap 364.........................................................................................24

4.14 The weights and measures Acts Cap 513...........................................................................24

4.15 Others.................................................................................................................................24

5.0 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES...........................................26

5.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................26

5.2 Creation of employment........................................................................................................26

5.3 Development of infrastructure...............................................................................................27

5.4 Stabilisation of livestock prices and market...........................................................................27

5.5 Increased capacity..................................................................................................................27

5.6 Anticipated negative Impacts during construction................................................................28

5.6.1 Impacts on air quality......................................................................................................28

5.6.2 Noise and vibration pollution..........................................................................................28

5.6.3 Solid waste management................................................................................................29

5.6.4 Strain of Infrastructure....................................................................................................30

5.6.5 Impacts on fauna and flora.............................................................................................31

5.6.6 Impact on Landscape......................................................................................................31


5.6.7 Hydrology and Water Quality Degradation....................................................................32

5.6.8 Soil Erosion......................................................................................................................32

5.6.9 Occupational health and safety impacts.........................................................................32

5.7 Impacts during operation.......................................................................................................33

5.7.1 Provision of employment opportunities.........................................................................33

5.7.2 Development of the area................................................................................................34

5.7.3 Waste generation and management..............................................................................34

5.7.4 Occupational health and safety concerns.......................................................................37

5.7.5 Noise pollution................................................................................................................38

5.7.6 Odour..............................................................................................................................39

5.7.7 Flies and rodents.............................................................................................................39

5.7.8 Increased demand on infrastructure..............................................................................40

5.7.9 Impacts on the public safety and health.........................................................................41

5.7.10 Stock theft.......................................................................................................................41

5.7.11 Impacts associated with treatment of hides and skins...................................................42

5.7.12 Impacts on population....................................................................................................43

5.8 Decommissioning Phase.........................................................................................................43

5.9 Environmental Impacts Matrix...............................................................................................45

6.0 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES.............................................................................................................47

6.1 No Project alternative............................................................................................................47

6.2 Alternative locations...............................................................................................................47

6.3 Scale of operation...................................................................................................................48

7.0 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION..............................................................................................................49

8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN...................................................................................51

9.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS..................................................................................58


1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Livestock sector in Kenya

The livestock sector contributes 3.3% of the GDP and accounts for 30% of gate value of agricultural

commodities. Livestock production is a major economic and social activity for the communities that

live in high rainfall areas for intensive livestock dairy production and in the arid and semi-arid

(ASALS) for meat. The production comprises mainly dairy and meat production, eggs, hides, skins

and wool from cows, sheep, goats and poultry. Red meat, comprising beef, mutton, goat and camel

meat, accounts for over 80% of all the meat consumed locally. About 67% of the red meat is

produced in the arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) under pastoral production system. Pastoralists

keep about 70% of the national livestock herd, estimated at about 9.7 million beef cattle, 13.9

million goats, 10.0 million sheep, and 0.8 million camels. The marketing of the beef animals is

currently conducted under the on and hoc basis with pastoralists, middlemen and butchers playing a

major role

The major constrains facing this industry include the fluctuations in weather, drought, floods and

unpredictable weather patterns that have direct effect in livestock feed and water supply, lack of

easier access to livestock market due to poor infrastructure, unavailability of suitable credits to

livestock farmers especially the quality breeding stock, lack of the commercialization of the small

holder sector, and the unfavorable international trade environment and trade barriers.

1.2 Slaughterhouses in Kenya

There were 65 operational slaughterhouses in Kenya in the year 2000. Sixty-three of these

slaughterhouses dealt with red meat. The other two, namely, Farmer’s Choice and Ken chic,

slaughtered pigs and poultry respectively. Kiamaiko and Mlolongo dealt exclusively with goats and

camels respectively. Only two out of the 65 slaughterhouses, i.e, Hurlingham and Farmer’s Choice,

are export standard slaughterhouses; the rest serve the local meat market. The annual output

capacity of Hurlingham and Farmer’s Choice is 10,000 cattle and 20,000 pigs respectively and both

are privately owned companies. Out of 63 slaughterhouses that deal in red meat, 32 are private

owned and the remaining are public owned by various local authorities, with annual average

capacity of 18,344 and 9,774 respectively (Source: Audit of the livestock marketing status in Kenya,

2002 by Jacob Aklilu)


1.3 The proposed action

The County government through the municipal board intends to put up a slaughter of domestic

standard in Olkalou Municipality. The total land size is about 5 acres at Presidential park 1 within the

Olkalou Municipality. The facility anticipates slaughter of 40 cows and 200 sheep and goats. The

facility will have the following structures:

Properly built and drained lairage erected not less than ten meters from the slaughterhouse

and equipped with adequate facilities for ante — mortem inspection and special lairage for

suspect animals

Fenced cattle races from the lairage to the slaughterhouse, properly drained and in a suitable

place equipped with facilities for washing the animals

Distribution room of adequate size

Separate room for the cleaning and treatment of intestines and stomachs

Separate room for the storage, disposal and treatment of inedible and condemned animals,

carcass and meat

Waste water disposal lagoons, condemned pit and blood tanks whose depth complies with

the general requirements

Dressing rooms, toilet rooms and urinals that are in sufficient numbers, ample in size and

conveniently located

Properly located facilities for cleansing and disinfecting utensils and hands of personnel

handling carcasses and meat.

1.4 Project Justification

Livestock farmers in the dry part of Nyandarua face perennial livestock losses during drought and

this has increased the people facing extreme poverty and hunger in the area. The proposal to put up

this modern slaughter house is seen as a long time solution as it will strengthen the marketing

channels and hence enabling the farmers earn an income from the livestock sales. The current

production systems in the area is also predominantly that of traditional livestock keeping

(substantially for subsistence and not economically driven) or a mixture of the two meaning that

there is opportunity and space to enhance productivity of the sector in the area and thereby expand

current livestock income levels.


1.5 Need for ESIA

This environmental and social impact assessment was commissioned by the County Government of

Nyandarua through the Municipal Board. It was aimed at fulfilling the requirements of section 58 of

the Environmental Management and Coordination Act, 1999. Slaughterhouses are listed in second

schedule of the Act as one of the projects whose impacts on the environment have to be assessed

before they are implemented. The main objective of the EIA is to ensure that adequate measures

are put in place to mitigate any possible negative impacts on the environment while maximizing the

positive impacts.

1.6 Terms of reference

To provide a detailed description of the proposed project in terms of location, objectives,

design, activities, material inputs, outputs, products and waste;

To provide a detailed description of the baseline environmental and socioeconomic

conditions of the project area;

To review relevant legal, policy and institutional framework applicable in the implementation

of the proposed project;

To provide a detailed description of the potentially affected environment;

To identify, predict and analyze the environmental and social impacts of the project,

including seeking neighbours’ and public views and concerns;

To provide an analysis of project alternatives in terms of site, design, implementation

technologies and provide reasons for preferred options;

To provide a detailed Environmental Management Plan proposing measures for mitigating

negative environmental impacts, cost for offsetting the measures, timeframe, responsibility

and monitoring indicators to implement the measures;

To provide an action plan for management of occupational/public health safety concerns

1.7 Methods and approaches

The environmental and social impact assessment was conducted in accordance with the provisions

of the Environmental Impact Assessment/Audit regulations, 2003. To achieve the set objectives,

data for compilation of this report was gathered through site visits, interview with local leaders and

key stakeholders, collection of public views through semi-structured questionnaires and literature

review. Photographs and GPS coordinates of the site were also taken.


2.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND

2.1 Site and location

The proposed project will be put up in Ol kalou Municipality at 2.3km from Olkalou town 150 m

metres off Olkalou- Gilgil Road at Presidential park 1. The GPS coordinates long 36.3764467 lat 0

2749884, at an altitude of 1921m above sea level. It can be accessed through a dirt road connecting

to Olkalou town through the tarmac. In general, the livestock will be delivered in trucks due to the

fact that some animals may be obtained from far. The area is zoned for abattoir use. The area has

very low population and is gently sloping eastwards.

2.2 Physical and Topographic Features

The main physical features of the County include Kinangop Plateau and Ol’kalou/Ol’joroOrok

plateau which have slopes that are interrupted by low undulating hills. The gentle slopes flatten to

plain-like features encouraging formation of marshlands and swamps. The County was affected by

volcanic and faulting which gave rise to major land forms, the Great Rift Valley to the west and

Aberdare ranges to the east. The highest point of the Aberdare ranges is 3999m above sea level.

There are steep slopes that have undergone great transformation through weathering creating

shallow valleys and gorges. The ranges drop gradually in a series of faults giving way to an

escarpment that has been broken into sharp valleys occasioned by change in levels of the river

courses.

There are eight permanent rivers; Malewa, Ewaso Narok, Pesi, Turasha, Chania, Kiburu, Mkungi and

Kitiri. Lake Ol’bollosat which is the largest water mass in the County is fed by streams and

underground water seepage from the Aberdare and Dundori hills. Human activities and clearing of

the catchments areas for settlement has affected its natural refilling system and its existence is

threatened.

These are igneous rocks, volcanic, and alluvium. Most rock systems have lines of weaknesses

occasioned by faulting which allows porosity and easy percolation. The soils in the County are of

volcanic origin and vary in both fertility and distribution. The County is endowed with moderate to

high fertile soils. Soils in the Kinangop and Ol’kalou plateau are poorly drained clay loams. However,

Ndaragwa, northern part of Ol’joroOrok and Ol’kalou has well drained clay loams. These soils have

different crop production potentials.


2.3 Climate of Nyandarua County

The County experiences moderate to low temperatures. The highest temperatures are recorded in

the month of December, with a mean average of 250 C while the lowest is recorded in the month of

July, with a mean average temperature of 120 C.

The cold air rises during clear nights on the moor lands of the Aberdare Ranges flows down the

Plateau, through the valleys west of the plateau. The temperatures in these valleys can fall to

between 1.20 C and -1.30 C which last for few hours before sunrise.

The County experiences two rainy seasons: Long rains from March to May with a maximum rainfall

of 1600 mm and short rains from September to December and with a maximum rainfall of 700 mm.

The rainfall intensity varies according to the location. Areas near the Aberdare slopes receive

sufficient rainfall with the plateau receiving scanty and erratic rainfall.

2.4 Infrastructure

2.4.1 Electricity

The area is supplied with power by the Kenya Power and Lighting Company (KPLC). The necessary

guidelines and precautionary measures relating to the extension and use of electricity to the plot

will be followed to access power.

2.4.2 Water Reticulation system

The water used at the site and its environs is obtained from the existing supply by Ol,Kalou Water

and Sanitation Company-OLWASCO. The site is to be connected a meter.

2.4.3 Sewerage System

The whole of Nyandarua County does not have a sewerage system so does Ol, Kalou the

headquarters. These are some of the issues that the County government addressing. Residents use

septic tanks to drain their effluents and other drain in the open. The proposed project will have a

waste water disposal system.

2.5 Demography

According to the Kenya Bureau of Statistic, Nyandarua had a population of 596,268 people in the

year 2009 and projected to 722,998 people by the year 2017. The population is described as young

as majority of the population about 43% are below 15 years and 69% are less than 30 years. This

means that majority are of school going age and youth which present challenges and opportunities


to develop them with quality education, training and infrastructure for the development of the

County. Majority of the population live in rural areas as only 26,653 people live in urban areas in the

County. The number of urban dwellers is estimated to increase to 30,241 by the year 2017.

2.6 Livestock Production

Livestock farming is also a major activity in the County and the main animals reared are indigenous and

exotic species of cattle, goats, sheep, rabbits and poultry. Dairy farming is the dominant enterprise in the

livestock subsector. Bee keeping is also being practiced by several farmers in the region. The main value

addition activities on livestock products include milk processing, cooling of milk, processing and

packaging of honey and leather tanning. Most of these activities are on small scale.


3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 Project objective

The objective of the proposed project is to establish a domestic standard slaughterhouse under

Kenya Urban Support Programme. The project will be run by the County Government of Nyandarua.

3.2 Proposed design and facilities

The proposed slaughterhouse will be located in Olkalou Municipality. It will have capacity for

slaughter of 20 bovines and about 10 sheep and goats. The facility will consist of the following:-

Stock holding area

1 laboratory

1 emergency slaughter area

Inspection area

2 large stock holding pens with capacity of 10 each (provided with water troughs)

2 small stock holding pens with capacity of 50 each (provided with water troughs)

1 suspect holding pens (provided with water troughs)

Offices

Weighing and surveillance area before entry into slaughterhouse

2 Offices

Parking lot

Slaughterhouse –this will be a single block (non-storey) made of stone wall and iron sheet roofing.

2 races separate for small and large stock

Stunning pen for bovine stock

Bleeding area –separate for small and large stock

Slaughter floor (flaying, evisceration, splitting, trimming, final washing, weighing, inspection )

Cold room for small stock

Suspect coldroom

Dispatch

Office

Tool store

Pracks and trimmings area


Pouch area

Hides and skins area.

Waste facilities

Manure shed

Hides shed

Hide store

Lagoons

Incinerator

Blood tank

Condemned carcass pit

Other

Pump house

Waste bin

The whole facility will occupy an area of 1 hectare.

3.3 Construction activities

3.3.1 Excavation and foundation work

Excavation will be carried out to prepare the site for construction of foundations. Some leveling of

the ground may be required and this may involve the use of heavy earthmoving machinery such as

bulldozers. The excavation and compaction of lagoons will need heavy machinery.

3.3.2 Storage of materials

Building materials will be stored on site. Bulky materials such as rough stones, ballast, sand and steel

will be carefully piled on site. To avoid piling large quantities of material on site, the contractor will

order bulky materials such as sand, gravel and stones in quotas. Materials such as cement, paint and

glass among others will be stored in temporary storage structures to be built for this purpose.

3.3.3 Masonry, concrete work and related activities

The construction of the building walls, foundations, floors, drainage systems, and perimeter fence

among other components of the project involves a lot of masonry work and related activities.

General masonry and related activities include stone dressing, concrete mixing, plastering, slab


construction, construction of foundations, erection of building walls and curing of freshly

constructed concrete surfaces. These activities are labour intensive and are supplemented by

machinery such as concrete mixers

3.3.4 Structural steel work

The building will be reinforced with structural steel for stability. Structural steel work involves steel

cutting, welding and erection or fitting.

3.3.5 Roofing works

Roofing activities will include raising the roofing materials such as iron sheets and structural timber

to the roof and fastening the roofing materials to the roof.

3.3.6 Electrical works

Electrical work during construction of the slaughterhouse will include installation of electrical

gadgets and appliances including electrical cables, lighting apparatus, sockets etc. In addition, there

will be other activities involving the use of electricity such as welding and metal cutting. All electrical

works will be carried out by a licensed electrician to the satisfaction of KPLC.

3.3.7 Plumbing

Plumbing activities will include metal and plastic cutting, the use of adhesives, metal grinding and

wall drilling amongst others. Installation of pipes for water supply and sewerage systems within the

slaughterhouse will be done by a qualified contractor.

3.4 Implementation and management

The proposed project will be funded by the County Government of Nyandarua. Once completed, the

slaughterhouse will be run the County which will be responsible for the day to day running of the

facility. The County will provide the staff and resources for the operation of the slaughterhouse. The

traders will pay for the services rendered which will in turn be used for the operation and

maintenance of the slaughterhouse. To this end, it is hoped that the facility will be self-sustaining.


3.5 Slaughtering process

In the discussion on slaughter activities, the focus will be on the slaughtering of cattle, sheep and

goats. According to the FAO (1993), these three types of animal make up almost 60% of the total

world meat production.

The animals will mainly comprise of sheep and goats, though the design will accommodate large

stocks such as cattle. The animals will be received and held in stock pens. The animals will be

supplied with water, but will not be fed unless they are kept more than 1 day. The animals will then

driven from the holding pens to the slaughtering area where the following activities will take place:

Stunning;

Suspension from an overhead rail by the hind legs;

Sticking and bleeding over a collecting trough. The collected blood may be disposed or

processed;

Hide removal (cattle)

Decapitation;

Opening of the carcass by cutting;

Inspection of the carcass;

Evisceration (removal of intestines and internal organs);

Splitting and cutting of the carcass; and

Cold storage or dispatch to the market.

They live weight of cattle slaughtering for meat production can vary from 250 kg to 600 kg,

depending on the age and breed of the animal. As a guide, heifers weigh 250-300 kg, cows 350-

400kg, and steer 400-600 kg. The slaughtering process involves stunning, hide removal, evisceration,

splitting and dispatch. Cattle and sheep are delivered to the abattoir/slaughterhouse and confined in

holding pens. Slaughtering process starts with stunning of the animal using a slaughter gun (License

required). The animal falls and slide into the slaughterhouse. Bleeding, or sticking, then takes place,

with the blood flowing into the drainage channel for disposal. The bled carcasses are conveyed to

the slaughter hall where dressing and evisceration take place. The first stage of this process,

dressing, can be performed as the carcasses hangs from the overhead rail. The head and hoofs are

removed. Hides are then removed. The carcasses are then opened to remove the viscera. The

stomach (paunch) and intestines are emptied of manure and cleaned in preparation for the market.

Edible offal (lungs, heart and liver) are separated. The carcass and then split, and then conveyed


through the overhead rail to the loading zone. Each carcass and its components are identified and

kept together wherever possible until inspection is complete.

By-products

Meat is the most significant product from the slaughterhouse, by weight and also in monetary

terms. However, by products can contribute significantly to the profitability of a slaughterhouse

operation since they generally have a commercial value. If animal by-products are not used

effectively a valuable source of revenue is lost, and the added and increasing cost of disposal cost of

disposal of these products is incurred by the company. Also, from an environmental perspective,

utilization of by-products reduces the overall environmental load of the process. More than 2% of

the carcass weight is often unaccounted for and is usually lost to effluent. Therefore, there is

potentially more that can be done.

Edible offal for human consumption, such as liver, heart and kidney are often separated and sold to

the market. The preparation of animal intestines for use is more involved process, requiring

emptying, and cleaning. Blood will be disposed into blood tanks within the facility.


4.0 LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

4.1 Introduction

There is a growing concern in Kenya and at a global level that many forms of development activities

cause damage to the environment. Development activities have the potential to damage the natural

resources upon which the economies are based. Environmental Impact Assessment is a useful tool

for protection of the environment from the negative effects of developmental activities. It is now

accepted that development projects must be economically viable, socially acceptable and

environmentally sound. According to Sections 58 and 138 of the Environmental Management and

Coordination Act (EMCA) No. 8 of 1999 and Section 3 of the Environmental (Impact Assessment and

Audit) Regulations 2003 (Legal No. 101), projects such as the one proposed require an

Environmental Impact Assessment project report prepared and submitted to the National

Environment Management Authority (NEMA) for review and eventual Licensing before the

development commences. This is necessary as many forms of developmental activities cause

damage to the environment and hence the greatest challenge today is to maintain economic

development without interfering adversely with the environment. This chapter discusses some of

the key legislative and regulatory framework that have direct impact on the project.

4.2 The Environmental Management and Coordination Act, 1999

The projects to be subjected to EIA are specified in the second schedule of the EMCA, 1999. The Act

gives every person in Kenya a right to a clean and healthy environment. It also confers upon every

person the duty to protect and safeguard the environment. Part V of the Act provides measures for

protection and conservation of the environment. Pollution of the environment through waste

disposal, noise, dust, radiation, pesticides, and smells is prohibited. The Authority (National

Environment Management Authority) may issue and serve on any person in respect of any matter

relating to the management of the environment a restoration order to require the person on whom

it is served to restore the environment as near as it may be to the state in which it was before the

implementation of a project or action. Thus the polluter pays principle shall apply. The Act also

provides for heavy penalties on any person who commits an environmental offence under Part XIII.

Section 148 provides that the Act shall prevail over any written law in force immediately before the

coming into force of this Act, relating to the management of the environment. Section 58 of the Act

requires that every new development project (listed in schedule II of the Act) must undergo an

Environmental Impact Assessment before its implementation. Besides the scheduled activities, the


Act empowers the Minister for the time being responsible for environmental matters to prescribe

for EIA appraisal and any other activity which in his view may cause significant adverse

environmental impacts.

4.3 Environmental Management and Coordination water quality and waste management

regulations

In the year 2007, two subsidiary legislations were gazetted by the minister for Environment and

Natural Resources whose impact the proponent should be aware of, the legislations are:-

Environmental Management and Coordination (Water quality) Regulations. 2006 legal notice

No 120, Kenya Gazette supplement No. 68 of 29thSeptember 2006, and

Environmental Management and Coordination (Waste Management) Regulations, 2006,

legal notice no 120, Kenya Gazette Supplement No 69 of 29thSeptember 2006.

Section 4(1) of the water quality regulations, 2006 prohibits any person from any act which may

directly or indirectly cause, or may cause immediate or subsequent water pollution. The next

subsection states that no person shall throw or cause to flow into or near a water resource any

liquid, solid or gaseous substance or deposit any such substance in or near it, as to cause pollution.

Standards for effluent to be discharged into the environment are set by the Act. Any person

discharging into the environment is required to apply for a discharge licence and maintain water

quality records. The standards to be met by effluent discharged into the environment are outlined in

the third schedule to the Act. On the other hand, the solid waste regulations, 2006 seeks to achieve

safe and responsible disposal of solid wastes. The waste generator is required to collect, segregate

and dispose solid wastes in the manner provided for under the regulations. Cleaner production

methods are to be employed to minimize wastes (section 5(1). In addition, section 7 requires that

any transporter of waste shall obtain a license from the authority. Such licensed transporter shall

conduct his/her operations in such a manner as not to cause scattering, flowing or emission of

noxious smells from such waste.

4.4 Public Health Act (Cap 242)

Part IX, section 115, of the Act states that no person/institution shall cause nuisance or condition

liable to be injurious or dangerous to human health. Section 116 requires that Local Authorities take

all lawful, necessary and reasonably practicable measures to maintain their jurisdiction clean and

sanitary to prevent occurrence of nuisance or condition liable to be injurious or dangerous to human

health. Such nuisance or conditions are defined under section 118 as waste pipes, sewers, drainers


or refuse pits in such state, situated or constructed as in the opinion of the medical officer of health

to be offensive or injurious to health.

4.5 Physical Planning Act

The Local Authorities are empowered under section 29 of the Act to reserve and maintain all land

planned for open spaces, parks, urban forests and green belts. The same section, therefore allows

for the prohibition or control of the use and development of land and buildings in the interest of

proper and orderly development of an area.

Section 30 states that any person who carries out development without development permission

will be required to restore the land to it original condition. It also states that no other licensing

authority shall grant license for commercial or industrial use or occupation of any building without a

development permission granted by the respective Local Authority.

4.6 Water Act, 2002

The Act subjects the discharge of effluent, trade wastes or solid wastes into or near a water body, to

strict controls as well as conservation of water resources. It Act imposes a general prohibition

regarding such discharges into or near a body of water that may cause pollution of water likely to be

used for human consumption or domestic use or in the manufacture of food for human

consumption. The effluent to be discharged must not contain any matter which might be poisonous

or injurious to public health, to livestock or to crops. The Act does, further empowers the relevant

institutions to establish water quality and discharge standards. Fuel Storage facilities have a

potential to pollute both surface and underground water sources through seepage of spilled fuel

and contaminated runoff.

4.7 Penal Code Act (Cap.63)

Section 191 of the penal code states that if any person or institution that voluntarily corrupts or foils

water for public springs or reservoirs, rendering it less fit for its ordinary use is guilty of an offence.

Section 192 of the same Act says a person who makes or vitiates the atmosphere in any place to

make it noxious to health of persons /institution, dwelling or business premises in the

neighbourhood or those passing along public way, commit an offence.

4.8 Occupational Health and Safety Act (2007)

The Act covers provisions for health, safety and welfare at workplace. It requires that workers must

be provided with suitable protective clothing and appliances including where necessary, suitable


gloves, footwear, goggles, gas masks, and head covering e.t.c while at work. Other provisions of the

act include:-

Secures safety and health for people legally in all workplaces

Prevents employment of children in workplaces where their safety and health is at risk

Encourages entrepreneurs to set achievable safety targets for their enterprises

Promotes reporting of work-place accidents, dangerous occurrences and ill health with a

view to finding out their causes and preventing of similar occurrences in future

Promotes creation of a safety culture at workplaces through education and training in

occupational safety and health

4.9 The Stock and Production Theft Act Cap 355

The act prohibits possession of any stolen stock or its production unlawfully. In some parts it says a

person found in possession of any stock, which may be reasonable suspected to be stolen or

unlawfully obtained once proved guilty he/she will be convicted to be penalties prescribed for theft.

4.10 The Meat Control Act Cap 356

The act stipulates control measures exercised over meat and meat products intended for human

consumption, and over slaughterhouses and places where such meat is processed. The act

mandates the inspection, officer to inspect meat before it is dispatched to consumer outlets. The act

also prescribed on how ‘condemned’ carcasses are supposed to be disposed with little or no danger

to members of the public. On condemned carcass, it says that the said meat should be banned or

buried in to a pit, which cannot be accessed, by dogs or other scavengers. The act gives guidelines

on the right equipment, tools and structures to be used in the slaughterhouse.

4.11 The Meat Control (local slaughterhouse) Regulations, 2010

The regulations provides all the requirements for the development and running of any

slaughterhouse in the country. The regulation 3 part 2 states that a person shall not slaughter an

animal except in a slaughterhouse. The act also categorizes slaughterhouses into three categories

according to regulation 4 part 3, the categories are:

a) Category A for large scale slaughterhouses

b) Category B for medium slaughterhouses

c) Category C for slaughter slabs

The above categories are defined with their specifications and requirements in the second schedule

of the act. The first schedule of the regulations is on the site accessibility and construction of the


slaughterhouses and it gives all the requirements in terms of infrastructure, size, drainage, waste

management, materials applied for the construction of the structures among others. It also

stipulates the sanitation requirements of any slaughterhouse, hygiene requirements, conditions and

facilities for meat inspection, meat inspection, packaging and labeling meat and meat containers

and records of the slaughterhouse.

The proposed slaughterhouse is an domestic standard slaughterhouse. The required land size is not

less than 2.5 hectares among other requirements as stipulated by the second schedule of the

regulations. The proponent is able to meet these requirements

4.12 The Hide, Skin and leather Trade Act (Cap 359)

The act is aimed at consolidating the law related to hides, skin and leather trade. It provides for

coordination and control of the trade and development of the hides, skin and leather industry. The

act provides for controlled handling of leather, skin and hides through issuance of buyers license. It

also regulates the processing steps used in hides and skin development through its inspectors.

4.13 The Animal Disease Act Cap 364

In this act, veterinary surgeons are empowered to quarantine animal movement from areas where

they suspect that a notifiable disease exists. The act also requires that an area initially occupies by

infected animals should be disinfectant and cleaned before new stock of animals should be

disinfected and clean before new stock of animals are introduced there.

4.14 The weights and measures Acts Cap 513

This is the principle Act dealing with weights and measures in Kenya, it defines the standards and

units to be used and the regulations to be adhered. Section 20 makes in an offence for any person to

use or possess or control for use for trade a weighing or measuring instruments not constructed to

indicate in terms of weight or measure as authorized by the act. The next section (section 21)

prohibits use for trade and weight, measure, weighing or measuring instrument, which is false or

unjust. It further requires that the measures weighing or measuring instrument used for trade to be

examined, verified, stamped or restamped at least once in every year-section 27 (1) and a certificate

of verification be issued (section 27 sub-section 7). It is under the provision that all scale and

weighing and balances used in the slaughterhouse are expected to meet.

4.15 Others

Other reviewed legislation relevant to construction of petrol stations include:

Food, drugs and chemical substances Act – (revised 1992)


There are also important International Conventions, Agreements and Treaties of which

Kenya is a signatory and relevant to the meat industry.


5.0 ANTICIPATEDENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION

MEASURES

5.1 Introduction

Development projects have direct and indirect impacts on the environment. The impacts can be

temporary or permanent, localized or widespread, significant or insignificant. The basis of the

concept of sustainable development is to create a balance between environment and economic

development. Environmental and social impacts of development projects must therefore be

assessed before their implementation with the aim of incorporating measures for enhancement of

positive impacts while minimizing any probable negative impacts. Slaughterhouses in particular can

have significant impact on the right of the public to a healthy and safe environment. While nature is

able to cope with certain amounts of waste via a variety of natural cleaning mechanisms, this can be

exceeded if the concentration of waste products increases. The nature’s mechanisms become

overburdened and pollution problems start to occur. The problems associated with slaughterhouses

are diverse and include; foul smell, vermins and rodents, spread of diseases and safety risks among

others. This chapter identifies and discusses key environmental impacts of the proposed

development in Olkalou Municipality.

5.2 Positive socio-economic impacts

Creation of employment

The proposed slaughterhouse will create employment during both construction and operational

phases. It is also likely that the labour force (mainly casuals) will be sourced from the local

community. The number of jobs to be created for the locals will depend on the capacity of the

contractor and availability of labour in Olkalou. It is highly recommended that the contractor should

give priority to local youths to take up the available job opportunities instead of bringing in workers

from outside, unless where special skills are required. During the operational phase of the project,

the slaughterhouse will be run by the Nyandarua County Government, it is expected that those

employed will mostly be from the local community. In general, the net impact of the project will

therefore be increased job opportunities for the locals. Hiring of staff must be transparent and must

give equal opportunities to men, women and youths.

Economic returns and secondary businesses

The construction of this slaughterhouse will act as an economic investment by the County

government for the people of Nyandarua County. Once operational, the slaughterhouse will


generate revenue for the County and hence help uplift living conditions of the locals. Many

secondary businesses are also likely to spring up during this construction and operation phases like

those providing foods and beverages to the construction workers. Others like the construction

material suppliers will also gain some additional Income during this phase. In addition, the

slaughterhouse may attract investments in complementary industries such as tanneries.

Development of infrastructure

The project will attract investment in basic infrastructure such as electricity, water and roads. Part of

the proposed project will the installation of electricity at the site. Being in an area designated for

light industries use, the availability of electricity in this area may encourage the other land owners

to develop their properties for various uses. The area is close to town and well accessible. This will

further boost its potential for development.

Stabilization of livestock prices and market

The large supply of livestock to the market influences their prices with the traders setting the prices.

The livestock are mainly sold to traders for market outside the County. Availability of

slaughterhouse with storage facility will help stabilize prices since the meat can be stored for a

longer time than the current situation. Most traders feel that high demand for livestock in terminal

markets outside the County and apparent low buying prices provides a profitable business

opportunity, and thus presence of large number of livestock traders in the County

As noted earlier in this report, there already exists a livestock. The establishment of the market

might therefore help provide infrastructure to facilitate slaughter of animals such that meat is

transported instead of live animals. This will help reduce losses suffered during transportation of live

animals to terminal markets as well as reducing cost of transportation. For this to be achieved, it will

be very necessary for the roads in the area to be constructed to make them passable throughout the

year as well as reducing the time taken to reach the market.

Increased capacity

Between 35-40 goats are slaughtered daily at the existing abattoir constituting 90% of all animals

slaughtered. The installed capacity of the proposed slaughterhouse will be more than thrice the

existing capacity. It will also have storage facilities and better facilities for maintenance of hygiene

and sanitation. Since only 5% of the livestock are consumed locally, the availability of standard

slaughtering facility with adequate storage can encourage traders to slaughter the animals the

transport meat to the market instead of live animals. Although this will depend on the condition of


roads, it is a possibility. The proposed slaughterhouse will have capacity to slaughter 40bovine and

200 sheep and goats.

5.3 Anticipated negative Impacts during construction

5.3.1 Impacts on air quality

The implementation of the project will impact on air quality during construction phase. This will be

as a result of dust generated by various activities such as excavation, transportation of materials,

masonary works e.t.c. In addition, exhaust emissions from project vehicles and machines are likely

to occur. This emission may not only result to air quality degradation but also respiratory diseases to

the employees upon inhalation. The impacts are likely to be limited to the construction site. The

proposed site has low human population and hence exposure will be limited. It is however

necessary that necessary measures be undertaken to safeguard human health.

Mitigation

Sprinkling of water on dusty surfaces

Switch off engine and machines when not in use to reduce emissions

Vehicles transporting materials such as sand to the site should be covered

Wet dusty sections of the roads used transportation trucks especially in populated areas

such as shopping centres

5.3.2 Noise and vibration pollution

Construction of the slaughterhouse may cause temporary, localized increase in background ambient

sound. The principal noise sources associated with slaughterhouse construction activities include

heavy equipment such as bulldozers, scrapers, and trucks. However, these noise sources will only

have a temporary impact for the duration of the construction. Transport of construction inputs to

the proposed site as well as the subsequent unloading and the loading of waste generated may

cause noise disturbances. Exposure of construction workers to high decibel sound may impact on

health. The noise levels should therefore be kept within the required decibels as per the

requirements of the Noise and excessive vibrations (pollution) Regulations, 2009. The level of

vibrations is not expected to be significant.

Mitigation

Provision of ear plugs or noise muffs to construction workers exposed to excessive noise

Regular servicing of vehicles and machines to reduce noise

Install noise screens around stationery sources of noise e.g concrete mixer and generators


5.3.3 Solid waste management

Large amounts of solid waste will be generated during construction of this slaughterhouse. These

will include metal cuttings, construction debris, excavated soil, paper bags, empty cartons, empty

paint and solvent containers, broken glass among others. The wastes may make the site unsightly or

can be a health hazard. The construction workers will also generate faecal waste during their day-to-

day operations. The generated waste needs proper handling to prevent environmental/health

disasters. The available facilities at the existing slaughterhouse will be used during construction. It is

also necessary that the wastes be separated at the source for ease of disposal. The anticipated

wastes during construction are non-hazardous in nature and no special handling will be required.

Mitigation measures

Collect site trash daily, especially during rainy and windy conditions

The construction waste should be collected, removed and disposed off only at authorized

areas.

Provide waste holding facilities in a specified area within the site

Segregate potentially hazardous waste from non-hazardous construction site waste. For

instance toxic liquid wastes (oils, solvents and paints) should not be disposed off together

with other construction debris.

Construction waste be recycled or reused to ensure that materials that would otherwise be

disposed of as waste are diverted for other productive uses. For instance, excess soil could

be used for back-filling. There is a gulley running along the western side of the site. The soil

can be used to rehabilitate the gulley and hence reduce further erosion.

Use durable long lasting materials that will not require replacement often thereby reducing

the amount of construction waste generated over time (practice source reduction)

The contractor shall put in place measures to ensure that construction materials

requirements are carefully budgeted for and to ensure that there are no surplus supplies

that may require disposal later.

Provision of facilities for proper handling and storage of construction materials to reduce the

amount of waste caused by damage or exposure to elements of destruction.

Use of building materials that have minimal packaging to avoid the generation of excessive

packaging waste


Off-site disposal of any solid wastes should be in accordance with the local authority by-laws

and the Waste Management Regulation, 2009.

5.3.4 Strain of Infrastructure

Water

The workers and the construction works will create an increased demand for water. Water will be

used in the mixing of concrete elements, creation of aggregates for construction works, wetting of

surfaces for softening or hardening after creating the formworks, watering of roads for dust control,

curing of the concrete structures, equipment cleaning, site clean-up and for personal use such as

drinking and washing activities by construction workers. The site has a water connection which will

be used during construction.

Mitigation measures

During construction recycling of water is recommended, where non –contaminated waste

water will be used to wet dry soil surfaces, cleaning equipment and mixing of mortar and

cement.

Proper utilization of water during construction activities to minimize wastage

Road

Once the construction phase commences heavy vehicular movement following the transportation of

construction inputs into the site is most likely to be experienced and more so likely to generate dust

and noise. The potential for traffic build up is not anticipated since the road to the site has small

number or vehicles. In the case of the trucks overloading there is a likelihood of road destruction

following excessive compaction and pressure on the road.

Mitigation measure

Sprinkling of water to reduce dust in populated areas.

Electricity

Welding activities such as cutting of reinforcement bars, installation of windows, doors and

slaughtering equipment like the convey belts will utilize electricity. Although the utilization will only

be on a minimal scale increased demand in the local and national electricity grid cannot be

overlooked. The workers are therefore encouraged to switch off electrical equipment and

appliances when not in use.

Mitigation

Use of efficient electrical appliances and equipment to minimize power losses

Switch off electrical appliances when not in use


5.3.5 Impact on soil profile

Impacts on soil / geology arising from slaughterhouse development activities occur mainly during

construction, earthworks and site restoration. The impacts may range from:

Soil erosion due to clearing of vegetation, increased earth movement, and construction

activities

Compaction of soil due to vehicle movements, causing reduced infiltration of water and

difficulty of penetration by plant roots on the site area.

Contamination of soil from the spillage of materials such as vehicle fuel or used oil and

Removal of fertile topsoil

Mitigation measures

Restrict the excavation to the required areas only

Avoid the use of very heavy equipment for the excavation instead encourage the use of

manual labour

Ensure all the vehicles transporting materials are in good condition and do not spill oil that

may contaminate the soil.

Ensure the building is set on a firm foundation to avoid any collapse and that standard

building materials and workmanship are employed.

5.3.6 Impacts on fauna and flora

During construction of the proposed slaughterhouse loss of vegetative habitats will occur, while

physical site disturbance and noise from construction activities will cause the temporary

displacement of most fauna from the vicinity of the construction site and adjacent areas. No

threatened species were found at the proposed site.

Mitigation measures

After the completion of the construction phase, establish vegetation cover by planting grass

that will help prevent soil erosion.

5.3.7 Impact on Landscape

The likely construction impacts of the proposed slaughterhouse on aesthetic resources include the

visual loss, loss of vegetation. However, the impacts will be minimized by limiting them to the

proposed site.

Mitigation measure


Limit de-vegetation to the site area.

Landscaping the compound to improve aesthetic value on completion of the project

5.3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality Degradation

Project related excavation could lead to surface water quality degradation if the excavated soil find

its way into water courses. There is no river close to the proposed site. Spills of contaminants such

as oil and greases on soil could result in pollution of water courses if the soil is eroded and

transported by surface run-off. The site is well drained but prone to soil erosion. It falls westwards at

an about 10% gradient and southwards at approximately 3%. The general drainage of the area is

southwards. Adequate measures must therefore be taken to minimize potential erosion of soil by

both wind and water.

Mitigation measures

Take measures to prevent and control soil erosion

Proper maintenance of vehicles and storage of fuels and lubricants to minimize contamination of

soil

5.3.9 Soil Erosion

This is loss of the top-most loose material on the earth surface (soil) down - slope or transportation

by the use of machinery or other equipment including animals. Soil movement is common in

construction activities. This mostly happens during the laying of foundations for the projects and site

clearing. The top loose material will be removed along the foundation lines, drainage lines and

lagoons. Excavation of soil and clearance of the site will expose the soil to agents of erosion such as

wind, water and animals.

Mitigation Measures

Avoid unnecessary movement of soil materials from the site.

Resurface (pave) footpaths that will be frequently used

Establish vegetation cover in open areas (especially grass)

Planting of trees around the perimeter fence to reduce the effects of wind as an agent of soil

erosion.

5.3.10 Occupational health and safety impacts

Construction activities pose significant risks to the construction personnel and property. Even the

most carefully supervised construction sites can pose significant risks this is because it involves


intensive engineering works. Activities such as erection and fastening of roofing material, metal

grinding and cutting, concrete works and steel erection could result to occupational health and

safety hazards. Falls from high elevation, injuries from hand tools and construction equipment, cuts

from sharp edges of metal, slips owing to slippery and uneven surfaces, electrification and collapse

of building sections could occur endangering the lives of workers. As a result therefore, adequate

measures should be taken to prevent such adverse effects on workers.

Mitigation measures

The contractor should provide adequate personal protective clothing and equipment such as

safety shoes, helmet, goggles, masks and gloves and sensitize the workers of using them.

The workers should not put excessive strain on machines and working equipments

Before excavation works begin the contractor should conduct an inspection on the project

site to establish any potentially hazardous material and unstable side works that could

threaten the lives of the workers.

Workers should be trained on the proper use of tools and protective equipment.

Great care must be given to excavations and the safety of the machinery, tools and other

equipment such as scaffolding, ramp or ladder must be guaranteed. Accident prevention

should be the overriding safety precaution. A qualified person should always be on site to

oversee the working

Any area that poses a physical threat to workers and/or pedestrians requires barriers or

guards.

Provide first Aid facilities, a trained first aider and an emergency plan at the site.


5.4 Impacts during operation

5.4.1 Positive impacts

Provision of employment opportunities

The operation of the slaughter house will provide employment opportunities to a wide range of

people. The slaughtering process will require personnel at various stages such as stunning, hoisting

the carcass, bleeding, splitting the carcass, evisceration and separation of offals. In addition, workers

will be required for inspection of the carcasses, cleaning of the facility and for management of the

facility. Depending on the specification of the livestock owners, the carcasses will need people to cut

into pieces as requested, packaging or storage. This creation of employment will enable the workers

earn an income hence enabling them provide for their basic needs and support their families.

Development of the area

There has been a general feeling that Olkalou have been marginalized. The proposed development

is meant to open up the area for more investments by exploiting the available resources. The

construction of this slaughterhouse and its subsequent operation will therefore enable the area

residents to sale their livestock for slaughter and especially during the dry season when animals die

due to lack of access to pasture. Development of infrastructure is also likely to take place and hence

opening up the area to other economic ventures.

Other benefits likely to accrue from the proposed project are:-

Generation of manure for use on farms

Stabilization of livestock prices

Promotion of complementary industries e.g tanneries

5.4.2 Negative impacts

Waste generation and management

Slaughterhouses generate substantial amount of wastes. These wastes can cause environmental

degradation if not properly managed.

Solid wastes

Sources of solid wastes:

Animal holding pens- There will be accumulation of animal droppings, urine, livestock feed

and animal dirt from these animal holding pens.


Slaughterhouse (Blood, paunch e.t.c) of all waste products, the waste in the form of blood

has the highest polluting value. Blood itself has a high BOD: 150,000 - 200,000 mg/l. Blood

will be produced in the killing area and the hide removal area.

Paunch (partially digested feed), is the second most important source of pollution. It may

substantially contribute to the total waste load if not properly handled.

Waste treatment area

Condemned carcasses and animal parts

Miscellaneous wastes such as bottles, papers e.t.c

The developer intends to dispose blood into blood tanks and condemned carcasses into a pit.

Manure will be held in a manure shed within the facility before disposal. The manure can be re-used

to improve soil fertility both on-site and off-site.

Summary of wastes generated and respective management measures:

Source Waste Mode of disposal

Animal wastes

Stockyard & lairage Manure Can be sold to farmers since does not any

treatment

Stunning & bleeding Blood On-site blood tanks/pits

Hide / skin removal Skin, hides Skin and hides shed on-site, sold to dealers

Evisceration Paunch manure and

by-products

On-site manure shed. Later sold to farmers or

used in the compound

Carcass dressing Flesh, grease, blood,

manure

Meat transported to market

Grease recovered from waste water

disposed in accordance with local

government by-laws or in condemnation pit

Small amount of blood from laughter floor

will end up in wastewater stream then

directed to treatment ponds

Manure to be sold out though some will end

up in wastewater stream.

By-products Grease, offal, horns,

hooves e.t.c.

Sold to market

Inspection Condemned

carcasses

Condemnation pit (on-site)


Human wastes

Offices Papers Designated site or recyclers. Bins to be

provided in strategic locations

Toilets Feaces & urine Septic tank systems

Miscellaneous Bottles, sweepings, papers e.t.c Designated site

Mitigation

Use of the animal droppings as farm yard manure

Manure can be directly spread on land-needs and be mixed with soil to prevent fly breeding,

reduce odour and avoid water pollution from surface run-off.

Manure be stockpiled and dried before being spread on land-need to be properly managed

to prevent flies and odors and reduce seepage (construct manure shed).

Sludge from sedimentation ponds can be allowed to dry spread as then used as manure.

Paunch content can be efficiently and economically disposed off by compositing as long as

offensive odors are controlled.

An area should be set aside where the manure and paunch content can be sun-dried. At this

area the paunch content will be heaped allowing excess water to drain into the waste pit and

the residue dried up and used as manure.

Provide litter bins for miscellaneous wastes likely to be generated from the normal

operations of the slaughterhouse.

Liquid Waste

An important environmental impact of the animal slaughtering processing results in the discharge of

liquid waste. Liquid waste can be divided into two: blood and wastewater. Waste water will be

generated from the general cleaning activities of the slaughterhouse and from the cleaning of the

innards materials like the animal intestines. This wastewater typically has high Biological Oxygen

Demand (BOD) and higher levels of nutrients. The kill floor area of the slaughter facility has by far

the most contribution of the wastewater with the water being rich in blood, flesh, fat and other

waste materials. The strength and composition of the waste water is also dependant on the nature

of the slaughtering process involved.

The contractor will therefore construct the bleeding area separate from the rest of the slaughter hall

by a gentle slope so that blood flows through a separate channel while wastewater from the rest of


the slaughterhouse drains through a separate drainage channel. There will be three blood tanks for

disposal of blood and an open lagoon system for treatment and disposal of waste water. The actual

depth of blood tanks and condemnation pit will be determined by site conditions such as ground

water table, nature of underlying soil, and the anticipated volume among other considerations.

Mitigation measures

The waste water drainage system should be well designed so a to allow separation of waste

water and blood at the source

No solid waste should be allowed to the drainage system as this may cause blockage and

odour

The blood tanks should be of required depth and should have air-tight covers to reduce

spread of oduor and risks of falls. The covers should be lockable.

The lagoons should be designed taking into consideration the amount of waste water to be

treated.

The quality of waste water released from the lagoons should be of standards as required by

NEMA and as such the management should acquire a licence for effluent discharge

The lagoons should be constructed and lined with impervious material to minimize possible

contamination of ground water.

Occupational health and safety concerns

Slaughter houses pose a significant amount of risks associated with slaughterhouse operations.

These risks include:

The possibility of contracting zoonotic diseases e.g. anthrax and brucellosis from infected

animals mainly this may further be facilitated by poor safety practices and unhygienic

behavior.

Cuts and bruises (injuries)-This can serves as a portal of entry for microbiologic agents,

culminating in serious infection to the injured individual

Lower back pains (musculoskeletal diseases)-This may result from physically demanding

work in the slaughterhouse.

Risk of falls, slips or trips-This may occur owing to wet surfaces or contaminated floors in the

working area.

Risky behaviors like failure to use PPEs such as shoes, masks, and glove may cause direct

injury or facilitate transmission of infection to an individual.

Mitigation measures


Animals being delivered for slaughter should undergo Pre-mortem inspection to reduce risk

of workers contracting zoonotic diseases

Keep walking and working surfaces clean and dry

Provide workers with anti slip footwear and other necessary protective clothing

The management should conduct regular health check-ups where workers can be vaccinated

against such zoonotic diseases.

Trainings and seminars on safety practices and hygienic behavior should be conducted

regularly.

Regular medical check-ups for all meat handlers

Provision of first aid facilities

Provide means of disinfecting the slaughterhouse and hand tools

Proper hygiene and sanitation, including provision of safe drinking water, detergents, hand

washing facilities, separate changing rooms for men and women and adequate toilets for

each sex

All measures shall be taken to control rats, mice, birds and insects from accessing the

slaughterhouse.

Noise pollution

Noise emissions from the operation of a slaughterhouse will be continuous, night –time limits which

are more restrictive than daytime limits, should be used as the appropriate noise criteria for

evaluating potential impacts to noise sensitive receptors. The design of the slaughterhouse should

be such that it meets the nighttime criterion of 65dB (A), thereby minimizing impacts of noise

emissions. Fans, refrigeration equipment and similar machines in the slaughter house may generate

noise disturbance though not significant. Noise disturbances from the holding pens may also occur.

To minimize the potential noise in the neighbourhood, measures for noise reduction at the source

and screening should be employed. Where the level of noise exceeds 85dB(A), appropriate ear

protection should be provided to the exposed workers.

Mitigation measures

Provide ear protection to workers exposed to high decibel noise

Avoid use of noisy machines and equipment

Plant trees along the boundary fence to reduce transmission of noise outside the facility


Animals should not be kept for more than two days without being fed. Where possible,

animals should be slaughtered within 24 hours.

Odour

Slaughterhouse operations may cause nuisance in terms of oduor to the workers and locals if not

well managed. The sources of odour from the proposed slaughterhouse may range from:

Waste effluents treatment works (the waste water may be rich in nutrients and have high

BOD)

Paunch content, and blood residue,

Oils and fats discharge

Animal effluent / manure runoff from lairage and storage areas.

From waste water treatment works

Mitigation measures

Heaping of paunch content should be done in a place away from residential areas and should

not be piled for long.

Condemned meat pit should have an air tight cover so avoid release of foul smell.

Plant more suitable trees along the perimeter fence and open spaces that will act as wind

breakers and hence reduce the effects of wind in spreading odour to the area residents.

Flies and rodents

The operations of the project are likely to attract flies and vermin such as rats, cockroaches and

mice. In the case of rats, they can cause food poisoning and transmission of diseases mechanically to

the people. This can be nuisance and hence measures to control them must be put in place. The

breeding for flies should be minimized through maintaining high standard of cleanliness and waste

management and the installation of fly trap devices. The rats can be exterminated by chemical

poisons but great caution must be exercised as some of them often have harmful effects on the

people.

Mitigation

Develop a rodent and insect control programme for the slaughterhouse

Proper fencing to keep off dogs, cats, poultry e.t.c

Increased demand on infrastructure


Water

Since the slaughterhouse will consume large volume of water, it will be necessary to develop and

implement measures to conserve water without compromising on hygiene and sanitation. This will

minimize the potential strain on public water supply.

Mitigation measures

Seek alternative water source to supplement public supply

Available water should be used responsibly to avoid waste

Install water reservoir tanks for use during time of water shortage.

Recycle waste water where possible e.g to irrigate grass and for dust control

Practice rainwater harvesting

Electricity

Electricity will be required for purposes such as lighting, cooling and heating. The consumption of

this electricity will result to additional load to the existing electricity supply. The consumption will

also have an increased demand on the national electricity grid. The management is advised hereby

to seek for alternative sources of electricity such as solar and wind energy.

Mitigation

Explore installation of biogas production plant. Methane gas generated during the normal

breakdown of animal wastes can then be used to heat water or for lighting. This an

environmental friendly source of energy;

Use of energy efficient electrical appliances

Formulate an energy conservation plan for the slaughterhouse with specific targets and

means of monitoring

Installation of alternative source of electricity such as generator

Harness solar energy for lighting and heating

Roads

Once the slaughterhouse operations commences there will be increased vehicular movement to and

from the facility. This will most likely result to traffic congestion from the turning of heavy trucks and

vehicles and even possible delays. As result of this traffic movement there is likelihood of increased

exhaust emissions into the air resulting to air pollution.

Mitigation

Provide separate entry and exit points for smooth flow of vehicles in and out of the facility

Improvement of road leading to the slaughterhouse


Impacts on the public safety and health

The operations of a slaughterhouse house need to be undertaken under very high standards of

hygiene. The standards cannot be compromised considering that the end product will be used for

human consumption. The following measures should therefore be undertaken to enhance hygiene

in the slaughterhouse and safeguard health and safety of the consumers.

Mitigation measures

Inspection of meat prior to release to the market

Disinfection programme for the entire slaughterhouse

Equipment such as tables, overhead rails and machines etc should be that it is easy to

dismantle or remove to facilitate cleaning and should be made of non-corrosive materials

Meat should be stored in clean containers which are solely used for meat storage and

transportation.

A condemnable pit should be constructed for the disposal of condemnable materials e.g.

meat considered unfit for human consumption by a veterinary doctor.

The working clothes used by the employees must be clean to protect the workers and should

be used exclusively used in the work area only.

Sanitary facilities must include a number of toilets /latrines and hand washing arrangements

for. All this facilities must be kept clean and should be well maintained

The management should encourage the employees to do hand washing before work starts,

after using the toilets, after touching dirty objects and materials and after smoking and

eating all this will help in reducing meat contamination.

A well planned, well executed and controlled cleaning and sanitation programme for

machines and equipment will be very important to achieve a hygienic standard.

Stock theft

There is a possibility that the operations of the slaughter house might result to the increased cases

of stock theft in the area and neighbouring villages. The slaughterhouse may act as an easier market

for stolen livestock. The management is therefore advised to adapt stringent measures whereby any

person delivering livestock for slaughter is required to produce all the relevant permits and

documents to proof ownership of the animals.

Impacts associated with treatment of hides and skins


Hides and skins are by-products of the slaughtering process. The proposed slaughterhouse will

generate large number of hides and skins depending on its capacity. These by-products can be

converted into valuable products through value addition to manufacture leather for both domestic

and export market. The hides, skins and leather sub-sector depend largely on the locally available

livestock resources.

At the existing slaughterhouse, traders carry the carcasses and their respective by-products

including hides and skins. There is therefore no post-slaughter treatment carried out at the facility.

There are also no established tanneries in the area.

The environmental impacts of hides and skins will depend on the nature of post- harvest treatment

applied, these could include salting, air-drying e.t.c. It is however worth noting that the proposed

slaughterhouse will not process hides and skins. Although, beyond the scope of this study, it is

highly recommended that the establishment of a tannery in the area be subjected to an

Environmental Impact Assessment to ensure that all the significant environmental considerations

are incorporated in the design of the project. Establishment of such a facility close to the proposed

slaughterhouse would facilitate value addition, reduce wastage of hides and skins and also create

employment. We find that the proposed slaughterhouse could promote complimentary industries

thus creating indirect employment opportunities as well as boosting local economy.

The environmental impacts associated with processing of hides and skins will mainly be off-site and

need to be considered based on specific sites and operations. It is however important for the local

authority to pay due diligence in town planning to avoid possible land use conflicts in future. For

instance, the town planner must control settlements around the slaughterhouse and tannery since

these facilities can have significant impacts on environment and public health.

Besides investments in physical infrastructure, building local capacity for production of healthy

livestock as well as provision of training slaughterhouse staff on how to remove and handle hides

and skins can help in producing high quality hides and skins. If achieved, this could have a significant

positive impact on the hides, skins and leather market, both domestic and export.


Mitigation

The County government must control developments and settlements around the proposed

slaughterhouse to prevent possible land use conflicts in future;

Establishment of hides and skin processing factory must undergo environmental impact

assessment before implementation

Training of staff on post slaughter handling and treatment of hides and skins

Promote animal health through improved provision of veterinary services- e.g, ticks control

can improve quality of hides and skins.

Impacts on population

While the proposed development will attract other investments in the vicinity, it is likely that the

population around it may increase. Although the area is zoned for light industrial use, without

proper planning, some of the plots could be converted for use as commercial or residential facilities.

This will lead to an increase in population around the slaughterhouse and this could result in

conflicts as well as exposing the public to health risks.

Mitigation

The County government must control settlements and land use around the proposed

slaughterhouse to prevent conflicts. The future land use in the area should be compatible

5.5 Decommissioning Phase

Decommissioning is an important phase in the project cycle and comes as the last to wind up the

operations/activities of a particular project The quality and standard such a project of this nature

have a lifespan of over 50 years of which will much dependent on maintenance levels as a result

therefore the chances of decommissioning in foreseeable future are minimal. In the event of its

occurrence, there will be some social implications which will involve the laying off workers who may

be employed thus losing their income, issues of safety and health etc. In brief demolition activities

will involve:

Demolition of the buildings

This is mostly hypothetical but may arise in cases where the premises age, the land zoning is altered

and there is poor maintenance of the building prompting it to be demolished for renovation

purposes. Several measures have to be put in place to ensure that the project site returns to its

acceptable standards after demolition works. The workers can be injured by falling debris; dust


emanating from broken pieces of gravel can lead to respiratory infections. Demolished buildings can

also be an eye sore if not handled in a proper manner resulting to reduced aesthetic value of the

land.

Mitigation Measures

The contractor should ensure that actual bringing down of the buildings is done by the use of

the required machinery and procedure.

The workers should also be provided with proper protective equipment such as aprons,

helmets, ear muffs, dust masks and gloves.

The proponent and contractor should acquire approval of the demolition plans and

procedure

Fencing off of the site is appropriate to prevent injuries to the general public.

There should be disconnection of all utilities including electricity and piping systems.

Recovery of materials

This will involve the removal, reuse / recycling of the buildings foundation, Machinery and

equipment. Partitions and other demolition waste is not possible, the material should be taken to a

licensed waste disposal site. Recovery of debris can lead to respiratory infections due to the dust

from the broken pieces. The workers can also acquire cuts from roofing and nails.

Mitigation measures

The contractor should ensure that there is a fully stocked first aid kit incase of cuts or any

other kind of injury.

The salvaged material should be reused and recycled

The proponent and the contractor should ensure that they dispose the unwanted material

and debris to the areas zoned for this under the County Council.

Rehabilitation and landscaping of the site

This is meant to recover the value of the degraded environment thus rejuvenate the flora and fauna

of the area. This can be done through:

Backfilling of the foundation columns and open trenches.

Environmentally friendly vegetation to be planted in the area to reclaim the original state of

the site.


5.6 Environmental Impacts Matrix

For the purpose of this report a scale matrix has been applied based on Biswas and Agarwala (1992)

and modified to suit the project under consideration. The technique summaries environmental

impacts utilizing the matrix method, the predicted impacts are converted into an ordinal scale

(ranking) of impacts severity, as follows:

Severity Impacts score

No impacts 0

Negligible 1

Minor (slight or short term) 2

Moderate 3

Major (irreversible or long term) 4

Severe (permanent) 5

Limitations

The main limitation of the use of matrix method is that impact characterization involves subjective

prediction as well as assessment; in addition, higher order impacts are not accounted for using the

matrix approach i.e. secondary or tertiary impacts arising from the project.

Impacts matrix

Impacts

Impacts on natural environment

Pla

nn

ing

and

des

ign

Co

nst

ructi

on

Op

erati

on

Dec

om

mis

sio

nin

g

Soil disturbance 0 1 1 3

Removal of vegetation 0 1 2 2

Dust 0 1 1 2

Noise 0 2 3 3

Traffic congestion 0 3 3 1

Solid waste disposal 0 1 3 2

Odours 0 0 3 2

Fly and vermin 0 0 2 2

Impact on the landscape 0 2 0 2

Impact on the fauna 0 1 0 1

Air quality degradation 0 1 3 1

Waste generation 0 2 5 2


Groundwater pollution 0 0 1 1

Occupational health and safety concerns 0 1 1 2

Stock theft 0 0 2 0

Impacts on public health and safety 0 0 1 2

Creation of employment opportunities 1 3 4 2

Introduction of secondary business 0 3 3 3

Improvement of infrastructural services and facilities 0 1 3 0

Local economy 0 2 3 3

Manure for agriculture 0 0 4 3


6.0 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES

6.1 No Project alternative

The No Project Alternative option in respect to the proposed project implies that the status quo be

maintained. This means the land for the proposed project will continue to be idle or will be re-

allocated for alternative light industrial use. Such a scenario has serious economic implications for

the local community. It is expected that the slaughterhouse will not only help develop the area but

also attract other investments e.g tanneries e.t.c. This will have net effect of improving livelihoods of

the local community as well as improving livestock production. The proposed project is also likely to

promote marketing of livestock in the County and its neighbouring counties. The project will also

cushion the community against losses suffered during droughts (massive death of livestock). The No

Project Option is the least preferred from the socio-economic perspective due to the following

factors:

The economic status of Kenyans and local people would remain unchanged;

Local skills and resources would remain under-utilized;

No employment opportunities would be created for locals who would work in the proposed

project were it allowed to go on;

Discouragement for investors;

Development of infrastructural facilities (roads, electrical etc.) would be forfeited;

If the project is not implemented all the anticipated benefits will be forfeited. This scenario is not

favourable for economic and social development of the area. With the system of devolution

envisaged in the Kenya’s constitution, the devolved governments will have to rely and exploit their

available resources for their economic development. Since livestock is the most important natural

resource among this community, development of infrastructure such as the one proposed could

significantly help open up the area for more investments.

6.2 Alternative locations

The proposed location was selected on the basis of the following:-

The site is close to Olkalou town

The site is accessible

Availability of infrastructure such as water and electricity


Low population- most of the land in the vicinity is still undeveloped. This would therefore

minimize potential impacts on public health and safety.

Acceptability by the community- the location viewed as convenient by the residents within

the division. Interviews with local leaders indicated no objection as to the location of the

project.

There already exists another slaughterhouse slaughtering 35-40 shoats per day at full

capacity.

6.3 Scale of operation

The proposed slaughterhouse will have to meet standards for domestic slaughterhouse under the

Meat Control (Local Slaughterhouse) Regulations, 2010. The other option was the construction of a

category B or C whose capacities are 144 and 90 shoats per day respectively. Each category of

domestic slaughterhouse has specific land requirement. Establishment of whichever category of

slaughterhouse will serve to complement the capacity of the existing slaughterhouse.

The implementation of the proposed project is the best viable option as this would impact on the

local community and the national economy at large. Failure to implement the project will result in

forfeiture of the anticipated benefits while down-scaling the project will only reduce the benefits.

The environmental costs will also not be significant in the long-run as compared to the probable

economic benefits.


7.0 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

For any major development project that will involve the community taking part in the effective

running of the project, public involvement in the development is a key step for the sustainability of

the project. Public participation involves the information/ awareness creation of the general project,

all its activities and potential impacts that it may have. The perception of the society on the project

is important especially when it comes to the project ownership. If the community embraces the

project, it is likely to succeed as it would perceive it as a service for the society and if the community

is thoroughly involved in the development process, from the conceptualization to the

implementation, the project is likely to be embraced and owned by the community. The feel of

ownership guarantees the success of the project.

The process of public involvement for this project started out through the involvement of the local

leaders. The proposal to have a modern domestic scale slaughterhouse came from the local leaders

and was passed on to the relevant persons up the ladder in the County government. So when the

County government proposed the development of the slaughterhouse it was not a project just

imposed on the area. The community readily embraced the proposed project as it perceived as a

development that understood its needs.

The public involvement for the EIA was carried out through meetings and interviews with key

stakeholders in the area (Olkalou). Administration of questionnaires was also use to involve the

locals who were most likely to be affected by the project and its activities. This was carried out

through a stakeholders meeting.

The local community that was consulted was very positive about the project and the question they

had was only on when the project was to be implemented. The only concerns they had been on the

sufficiency of water for a project of that magnitude. Another concern was on waste management

and they recommended the management put in place an effective waste management system for

the smooth running of the plant. The public also had concerns on the targeted market being outside

of the area and larger towns in the country. The infrastructural base of the area was poor in terms

of road networks as it is only served by earth roads that made the area inaccessible during the rainy

seasons. However they were optimistic that such a project would attract infrastructural

development of the area.


The public that was consulted included the locals, the slaughterhouse workers and businessmen.

They all perceived the development in a positive manner as a tool that would lead to the area

development. All the respondents who were involved perceived it as a potential source of

employment and the fact that it would be centrally located in the NYandarua County, the distance

to the slaughterhouse would be lessened and this would also reflect in the cutting of costs for

livestock disposal. However, there were also concerns on the development in terms of security,

water problems experienced in the area, the fact that the slaughterhouse would be modernized and

concern that machinery may take over human labor and also the distance to the livestock sale yard

being far from the proposed slaughterhouse site.

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Project Report for proposed slaughterhouse in Olkalou Municipality

8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Project stage Activity Potential impact Proposed mitigation measures Responsibilities

Pre-construction

Location anddesign

Grass and shrubs Landscaping and re-vegetation County/ Contractor

Land acquisition Fencing of land for slaughterhouse

Land size not adequate for category A slaughterhouse.

Obtain approval from County Allocation of more land. At least 2.5Ha are required

for this type of slaughterhouse.

County

Design Chance of surface and ground water contamination

Lining of bases and sides of ponds and drainage system with impervious material

County/ Contractor

Construction Movement ofvehicles andmachinery

Nuisance to people due to generation of dust, noise andsmoke

Road improvements Sprinkle water on roads passing through populated

areas such as shopping centres Maintenance of vehicles to minimize hazardous

emissions

County/ Contractor

Site clearance Loss of vegetation cover Limit clearance to necessary areas Siting the slaughterhouse in area of minimum

impacts

County/ Contractor

Loss of biodiversity Plant vegetation on completion of project County/ Contractor

Excavation Soil erosion Limit excavation to necessary areas only County/ Contractor

Possible pollution of water courses

Stabilization of excavated surfaces County/ Contractor

Generation of dust Sprinkling of water on dusty surfaces to reduce dust and erosion

County/ Contractor

Exposure of workers to dust Provide dust masks and other PPEs to workers County/ Contractor

Setting up andnormalconstructionactivities

Generation of dust from various activities e.g cement dust e.t.c

Sprinkle water on dusty surfaces Provide PPEs to exposed construction workers Take measure to limit spread dust from the site

County/ Contractor

Noise from vehicles and construction activities

Provide noise screens around stationery noise sources e.g generators

County/ Contractor



Servicing and maintenance of vehicles and machinery

Provide ear protection to exposed workers

Exposure to occupational risks and hazards e.g dust, noise, vibrations, sharps, accidents, falls e.t.c

Proper coordination of construction activities Provide appropriate PPEs including dust masks, ear

plugs/muffs, footwear, overalls, helmet, goggles e.t.c.

Provide first aid facilities at the construction site Minimize emissions by switching off

County/ Contractor

Visual intrusion Fence off the construction site County/ Contractor

Disposal of human waste Provide toilets for use County/ Contractor

Disposal of excavated soil Re-use for back-filling County/ Contractor

Disposal of miscellaneous construction waste packagingmaterials, scrap metals, timber e.t.c.

Recover and recycle or sell for recycling scrap metal e.g. pieces of metal and paint containers

Disposal of construction at designated site in accordance with local government by-laws

Segregation of wastes at the source for ease of management and disposal

Re-use waste water e.g. for dust control Provide a specific waste holding area on the site to

prevent littering

County/ Contractor

Welfare, hygiene and sanitation

Provide adequate safe drinking water Provide adequate toilets, washrooms and hand

washing facilities Provide changing rooms for workers at the

construction site Proper maintenance of sanitation facilities Separate toilets, washrooms and changing rooms

for each sex Formulate health and safety rules to be adhered to

County/ Contractor



by workers e.g prohibit eating in certain areas e.t.c.

Regulatory compliance Approval of building plans before construction of the slaughterhouse

Acquire EIA license prior to implementation of the project

County/ Contractor

Operation Transportationand holding ofanimals

Possibility of stolen animals being slaughtered at the facility

Surveillance and strict vetting and issuance of permit

COUNTY

Noise from animals Animals should not be held for long before slaughter Provide water to animals

COUNTY

Soils erosion in pens Rotation of animals to curb soil erosion Pavement of lairages

COUNTY

Possible transmission of diseases

Examination of livestock before issuance of permit and slaughter

Quarantines where necessary Meat handlers must have valid medical certificates.

Those with communicable diseases should not be allowed into the slaughterhouse

Use of proper PPEs to minimize exposure to disease pathogens

Inspection of meat by licensed person Controlled access to the slaughterhouse

COUNTY

Health and safety Risk of fire and electrical safety

Install circuit breakers Provide adequate fire detection and fighting system

comprising of portable fire extinguishers, hydrant system, hose reels, water for fire fighting and fire alarm

Provide and mark fire escape routes and assembly point

Conduct fire safety training

COUNTY



Conduct fire drill once a year Gas cylinders should be kept in well ventilated and

secure place outside the slaughterhouse Formation and training of fire fighting team Maintenance of power outlets and ensuring that

conduits are well insulated.

Wastemanagement

Pollution of the environment Operation and maintenance programme for wastes treatment facilities

Design to ensure smooth low of wastewater and handling of solid wastes

Separation of wastes at various stages of slaughter for ease of management and disposal

Lining of waste treatment facility with impervious material

Incineration of hazardous materials or wastes Provide waste receptacles and collection bins in

strategic locations within the facility Re-use manure on farms Plant trees to control spread of odour, noise and

dust Proper handling and use of by-products e.g hides,

horns etc. Manure should not be kept for long Obtain effluent discharge license from NEMA Off-site disposal of waste should be in accordance

with the local government by-laws and national environmental regulations

Obtain license to operate an incinerator

COUNTY

Hygiene andsanitation

Exposure of workers and public to health hazards and

Use of PPEs by workers Maintain high standards of hygiene and sanitation

COUNTY



risks as stipulated in Meat Control (local slaughterhouse) Regulations, 2010

Develop a pest and insect control programme for the slaughterhouse

Regular internal inspections to promote hygiene andsanitation

Creation of awareness among workers on hygiene and sanitation

Provide adequate water for maintenance of hygieneand sanitation

Equipment and hand tools should be made of such materials as to facilitate cleaning and maintenance of required hygiene and sanitation standards

Disinfection programme

Occupationalhealth and safety

Exposure to health and safety risks and hazards

Facility should have adequate lighting and ventilation

Provide appropriate PPEs to workers based on type of hazard worker is exposed to

Formation of health and safety committee Formation of environment health and safety policy Maintain floors walls and ceiling in sanctuary and

safe conditions Effective Operation and Maintenance programme Provide warning and information signs where

necessary Training of workers in Healthy and Safety Develop emergency response plan for workplace Conduct Healthy and Safety audits on annual basis

in accordance with OSHA, 2007

COUNTY

Environmental Exposure to health & safety Conduct waste water analysis in accordance with COUNTY



monitoring &conservation

risks water quality regulations, 2006 Conduct environmental audits on annual basis

Conservation of environment Plant grass and trees on open spaces to protect soil from agents of erosion

Promote environmental conservation activities among local community

Formulate policies on conservation of water, electricity and other natural resources

Explore the use of renewable resources such as solar energy and biogas for lighting and heating

Implement soil and water conservation measures to prevent soil erosion and enhance water conservation e.g through rain water harvesting and recycling

COUNTY

Staff welfare Working conditions Provide PPEs Ensure occupational health and safety conditions as

stipulated in OSHA, 2007 Full compliance with labour laws including provision

of PPEs, training of workers, welfare facilities, terms of employment, e.t.c

Have training programme for staff based on training needs assessment

COUNTY

Aesthetics Loss of aesthetic value of the site

Proper landscaping of the compound to enhance beauty

Provide litter bins within the facility to minimize littering

Prompt repairs to maintain facility in good condition Plant trees to reduce visual intrusion

COUNTY

Regulatorycompliance

Non-compliance may interfere with smooth

Obtain necessary permits and licenses for operation e.g food hygiene license, business permit e.t.c

COUNTY



running of the operations. Registration of workplace under OSHA, 2007 Obtain license for operation of incinerator Inspection of boilers, hoists and chains under OSHA,

2007 Medical check-ups for meat handlers Obtain effluent discharge license from NEMA


9.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The proposed slaughterhouse in Olkalou Municipality will have a number of positive impacts on

the local and national economy. The benefits of the slaughterhouse should however not lead to

adverse environmental impacts and therefore the measures suggested in this report should be

fully implemented. The developer and the operator need to be well conversant with ESMP and

fully implement the proposed measures.

Recommendations

Proper planning of the slaughterhouse to maximize use of the available land

The County Government of Nyandarua must control land use in the vicinity of the

slaughterhouse to prevent possible future conflicts. Human settlements and activities

that around the slaughterhouse must be minimized,

That the management of the project takes strong cognizance of the importance

attached to environmental health and therefore maximize efforts to safeguard the

environment in all operations and activities of the project.

That the day to day construction and operation of the project be supervised to ensure

that the environment is not degraded unnecessarily. To achieve this, there is need for

the developer to obtain a written commitment from the project contractor to the effect

that this report shall be fully complied with during construction. In addition, a similar

commitment will be necessary during handing over the project to the operator i.e

County Government of Nyandarua or any other operator. While this report is necessary

to obtain the necessary approvals as required under the laws of Kenya, this alone

cannot be enough to protect the environment without full implementation of its

recommendations;

The proposed Environmental& Social Management Plan (ESMP) should be fully

implemented.

The proponent should explore generation of biogas from the slaughterhouse wastes

Operational permits and licenses should be obtained prior to commencement of the

activities of the slaughterhouse

Fully comply with the requirements and standards provided from time to time by the

local authority and other relevant regulatory bodies


Annual environmental audits are conducted to monitor the impacts of the project.

environmentaland social impact assessment project …

Documents