environmental product declaration schindler 3100 eu lower
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Environmental Product Declaration Schindler 3100 EULower impact, higher performance. Ecological facts and figures
Schindler Passenger Elevators
2 Schindler 3100 EU EPD
Representative unit*
Usage period for LCA 15 years **
Load (kg) 480
Speed (m/s) 1.0
Travel height (m) 12
Stops/Entrances 5/1
Car W/D/H (mm) 1000 /1300 / 2139
Door W/H (mm) 800/2000
Operation days/year 365
Usage category *** 2
Consolidated data from LCA 1999 and 2011
Installation at Milan, Italy * Comparability of the environmental data with different elevator systems may not be given.** Product usage time defined for the LCA. The complete environmental life-cycle impact is included without considering a modernization. *** according to VDI4707-1
Capacity 450 kg, 480 kg, 630 kg; 5, 6, 8 passengers
Travel height Max. 30 m, max. 10 stops
Entrance One- or two-sided
Door width 800 mm, 900 mm
Door height 2,000 mm, 2,100 mm
Drive Eco-friendly gearless machine, frequency controlled
Speed 0.63 m/s, 1.0 m/s
Interior Four colors and two stainless steel interior designs Fixtures Push-button control; Pick-up collective
and down collective
Key figures
Door types T2
3Schindler 3100 EU EPD
First we analyze, then we act.
Mobility is essential in the world we live and work. Every day, one billion people all over the world place their trust in Schindler. That‘s why we are committed to contintuously improve the environmental impact of our products and services along the whole life-cycle.
From design to recycling From the first sketches in design, right through to disposal and recycling, environmental assessment con-siderations are an integral part of product development. The assessment rigidly follows the ISO 14040 standard and is embedded in the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System, which is applied at Corporate Research and Development. Providing transparency in all phases.
Life-cycle Assessment (LCA)Schindler conducts Life-cycle Assessments of its products. The objective is to continuously improve the environmental performance of the product assessed. An holistic approach all the way.
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)The EPD provides verified information on the environ-mental impact of a product. The declaration is based on a comprehensive LCA and follows the ISO 14025 guideline. A complex issue made understandable.
Product Category Rules (PCR)Both the LCA and EPD refer to a pre-defined PCR*. Rules in the PCR are specifically defined for a product and stipulate how to collect data and calculate the climate impact, and how this information has to be presented. Detailed analysis, fact-based communication.
Life Cycle Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Market
Assessment
Analysi
s
Life-cycle Assessment – the base for improvement.
The environmental performance of the Schindler 3100 EU has im-proved by approx. 50 % as a result of PEcoPIT. The LCA of the latest generation of the Schindler 3100 EU showed significant improvements compared with the previous product generation.
* Overarching industry related PCR is in development. Currently the PCR is available from Schindler in cooperation with an independent third party. ** Comparison is based on the representative elevator system, see page 2. *** The PEcoPIT takes material used, energy during usage and disposal into consideration.
100
50
0 Time
Impa
ct in
%
| 2000 | 2011
Schi
ndle
r 10
0
Schi
ndle
r 31
00 E
U
-50 %***
Comparison of environmental impact **
4 Schindler 3100 EU EPD
Practical in planning, reliable in operation.
More efficiency means less impact.Schindler contributes to green buildings. The Schindler 3100 EU passenger elevator is a fully pre-engineered product in which all parts are perfectly adjusted, resulting in an elevator that saves both space and energy.
Drive– Gearless machine for smooth ride quality– Custom-designed motor for efficient start-stop
operation*, enabling a direct power transfer, avoiding loss of power
– Stable start without high peak current, quickly reaching a low energy-consumption level
– Frequency inverter with stand-by mode, regenerative PF1 inverter as option
– No oil is needed for lubrication– Compact, lightweight and durable design
that optimizes material usage and extends the product’s lifespan
Control– Car lights and ventilation are switched to
stand-by mode when not in use– Car panel and floor indicators operate
with low-power LEDs– Multi-bus control architecture reduces cabling,
material and waste– Down and selective collective controls for efficient
passenger transportation
Car and hoistway– Car lighting equipped with energy-saving lamps
or LED as an option– Central guiding system reduces mechanical
friction and energy consumption– Door drive with stand-by mode for safety
and energy conservation– Eco-effective design allows for more space
in the same shaft– Lead-free counterweight
* with reference to IEC 60034-1, duty type S5
5Schindler 3100 EU EPD
(Raw) materials, Pre-production
Production Logistics & Installation
Usage End of usage/Disposal
Three-phase approachThe aim is to determine the environmental impact of the elevator system from development to disposal. Based on the PCR, the assessment is separated into three modules – upstream, core and downstream – covering the energy and material flow. The results are shown for a specific function and a representative elevator unit.
Focus on material and energy Energy efficiency has been improved dramati-cally, especially compared to the previous product generation. In the past, the operational phase accounted for the main impact, now operation has become less dominant compared to material at a relatively lower level, thanks to continuous investment and effort in improving both energy and material efficiency.
Insights into the life-cycle outcome.
Downstream ModuleUpstream Module
Office Activities
Tests
Drive
Controller
Traction Media
Door
Car
Counterweight
Others
Drive
Controller
Traction Media
Door
Car
Counterweight
Others
Packaging
Transport
Installation
Others
Energy demand
Preventive &
Corrective
Maintenance
Others
Recycling
Incineration
Landfill
Transport
Packaging
Repl. Mat.
R&D incl. tests
100
50
0
Impa
ct in
% Environmental impact relative to total impact
Ecological Scarcity 2006: Total ReCiPe Endpoint (H, A): Total
Phases
Consolidated impact based on a lifetime of 15 years *
* Values shown refer to the representative unit of the Schindler 3100 EU, as shown on page 2
Core Module
6 Schindler 3100 EU EPD
Our mission. Lower emissions.
Impact per life-cycle phase – representative unitThe representative unit is a typical configuration of the Schindler 3100 EU (see page 2). The figures shown in the table are based on a lifetime of 15 years, without considering a modernization. The results provide an example of a typical environmental impact. The travel
distance over a lifetime of 15 years with 365 days of operation is based on the average usage, according to category 2 of VDI4707-1 and an elevator speed of 1 m/s. Over a life-cycle of 15 years, the total impact of a Schindler 3100 EU elevator system is 14.8 t CO2-equivalent.
Uncertainty of total values estimated about 20 %
* CED (Cumulative Energy Demand): Grey energy
The typical European electricity mix according to UTCE 2004 was applied.
Upstream Module
Core Module
Downstream Module
Total LCA
Units
kg CO2-Eq.
kg SO2-Eq.
kg NOx-Eq.
kg ethylene
Eq.
MJ eq.
MJ eq.
MJ eq.
MJ eq.
MJ eq.
points
UBP
R & D, Material
demand
4,500
29.1
25.1
2.15
59,400
11,200
2,600
3,700
76,800
591
10,200,000
Production,
Installation
3,300
10.0
8.8
0.3
47,200
23,600
7,900
4,400
83,200
346
3,360,000
Usage: Stand-by
& Travel energy
6,400
31
13.3
0.27
78,000
51,000
5,800
2,700
138,000
640
7,000,000
Maintenance,
Disposal
600
3.1
2.4
0.18
8,100
1,200
200
100
9,650
71
1,600,000
Total elevator
life-cycle
14,800
73.2
49.6
2.90
192,800
87,000
16,500
10,900
307,650
1,648
22,160,000
ImpactsClimate change
(IPCC 2007, GWP 100a)
Acidification potential (CML
2001, European average)
Eutrophication potential
(CML 2001, European
average)
Photochemical oxidation,
summer smog (CML 2001,
low NOx POCP)
CED *Fossil, non-renewable
energy resources
Nuclear, non-renewable
energy resources
Water, renewable energy
resources, potential
Renewable energy
resources, except water
(biomass, solar, wind, etc.)
Total energy resources
AggregatedReCiPe Endpoint (H,A):
Total
Ecological Scarcity 2006:
Total
7Schindler 3100 EU EPD
Impact per life-cycle phase – functional unitThe functional unit is defined as: demand / (rated load [t] × travel distance [km])The results given in the table cover the total life-cycle impact for a calculated functional unit. Whereby 1 tkm of a Schindler 3100 EU represent about one day of operation in its representative environment and usage category.
The travel distance refers to a usage period of 15 years and a frequency of daily use as per VDI 4707-1 usage category 2. Applying the functional unit approach permits comparison of different elevator systems per unit of tkm, but the comparison is appropriate only for elevators in the same usage category.
Uncertainty of total values estimated about 20 %
* CED (Cumulative Energy Demand): Grey energy
The typical European electricity mix according to UTCE 2004 was applied.
Upstream Module
Core Module
Downstream Module
Total LCA
Units/tkm
kg CO2-Eq.
kg SO2-Eq.
kg NOx-Eq.
kg ethylene
Eq.
MJ eq.
MJ eq.
MJ eq.
MJ eq.
MJ eq.
points
UBP
R & D, Material
demand
0.95
0.0062
0.0053
0.00045
12.6
2.4
0.55
0.78
16.2
0.125
2,160
Production,
Installation
0.70
0.0021
0.0019
0,00006
10.0
5.0
1.67
0.93
17.6
0.073
710
Usage: Stand-by
& Travel energy
1.35
0.0066
0.0028
0.00006
16.5
10.8
1.23
0.57
29.2
0.135
1,480
Maintenance,
Disposal
0.13
0.0007
0.0005
0.00004
1.7
0.3
0.04
0.02
2.0
0.015
340
Total elevator
life-cycle
3.13
0.0155
0.0105
0.00061
40.7
18.4
3.49
2.30
65.0
0.348
4,690
ImpactsClimate change
(IPCC 2007, GWP 100a)
Acidification potential (CML
2001, European average)
Eutrophication potential
(CML 2001, European
average)
Photochemical oxidation,
summer smog (CML 2001,
low NOx POCP)
CED *Fossil, non-renewable
energy resources
Nuclear, non-renewable
energy resources
Water, renewable energy
resources, potential
Renewable energy
resources, except water
(biomass, solar, wind, etc.)
Total energy resources
AggregatedReCiPe Endpoint (H,A):
Total
Ecological Scarcity 2006:
Total
Impact: Environmental impact
Materials: Resource usage
Energy: Energy demand
Additional: Complementary information
8 Schindler 3100 EU EPD
Packaging material Material (kg) Total elevatorweight (%)*
Composition of packaging material*
Efficient – in space and material usage.
Used material – an overview The average recycled content of the European metal supply was considered in the calculations of environ-mental impact from materials according to the PCR. A cut-off was applied for recycling at the end of life.
Packaging materialThe table shows the typical composition of material used for packaging in relation to the total weight of the elevator system – once the elevator arrives on the construction site.
Schindler seeks to maximize the transport capacity per pallet for each delivery. Furthermore, almost all materials are suitable for recycling, e.g. paperboard and wood.
Used materials
143.00
0.90
0.00
121.60
1.00
Wood
Plastic
Polystyrene
Paperboard
Other materials
4.64
0.03
0.00
3.94
0.03
* Relation in reference to the total weight of elevator including packaging.
18 % Concrete
20 % Steel,
high-alloy/galvanized
52 % Steel,
non / low-alloy, cast iron
0.1 %
Lea
d Ac
cu |
0.1 %
Pla
stic
: ela
stom
ere
0.3 %
Pla
stic:
PU
foam
0.4 %
Plas
tic: h
aloge
n-fre
e
0.5 %
Elec
troni
c & e
lectri
cal c
ompo
unds
0.5 %
Plas
tic: h
aloge
n
1.0 %
Meta
l: cop
per
1.3 % Aluminium: prim
ary
2 % Glass, ceramic,
stone
4 % Wood/Fibreboard
9Schindler 3100 EU EPD
Material that mattersThe table shows the material weight of components and replacement material. The total weight installed is about 2.3 tons. An average material loss of 10 % in production was assumed additionally for the consump-tion of raw materials. The Schindler 3100 EU emits no
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) once it is installed or other harmful substances. The elevator can optionally be ordered halogen free – which includes the cabling and wiring. At the end of usage almost all material is suitable for recycling.
18 % Concrete
2 % Glass, ceramic,
stone
4 % Wood/Fibreboard 90 % recycling / 10 % landfill
90 % recycling / 10 % landfill
90 % recycling / 10 % landfill
90 % recycling / 10 % landfill
Return system, i.e. battery;
others as above
60 % landfill / 40 % incineration
60 % landfill / 40 % incineration
60 % landfill / 40 % incineration
60 % landfill / 40 % incineration
100 % landfill
100 % landfill
100 % incineration
50 % recycling / 50 % landfill
others as average
see elements
Material balance of elevator system
Steel, non/low-alloy, cast iron
Steel, high-alloy, galvanized
Aluminum: primary
Metal: Copper
Electronic / electrical
compounds
Plastic: halogen
Plastic: halogen-free
Plastic: elastomere
Plastic: PU foam
Concrete
Glass, ceramic, stone
Wood / Fibreboard
Lead Accu
Others
Total
Elevator
material (kg)
Replacement
material (kg)
Recycled
content (%)
1,196
469
30
23
11
11
10
2
7
409
50
86
1
2
2,308
19.4
9.9
1.0
0.1
0.7
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
2.1
0.7
34.7
38 %
38 %
33 %
22 %
average of
elements
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
75 %
none
see elements
End of usage/
Disposal scenario
Impact: Environmental impact
Materials: Resource usage
Energy: Energy demand
Additional: Complementary information
10 Schindler 3100 EU EPD
Schindler 3100 EU*A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Load (kg) 450
Speed (m/s) 1.0
Travel height (m) 19.15
Usage category 1
Specific travel demand C (0.91 mWh/(kgm))
Stand-by demand A (39 W)
Total demand per year 446 kWh
Energy without exposure.
Energy efficiencyIncreasing energy efficiency is essential in order to reduce the environmental impact of the elevator and the building. The longest phase in the life-cycle is the usage phase, which can be up to 30 years, depending on maintenance and modernization. Schindler provides data about energy efficiency based on the VDI 4707-1. The two Schindler 3100 EU exam-ples are classified as A and B, whereby A indicates the best efficiency class. The classification always refers to a specific configuration and is measured at the instal-lation site. Usage pattern, load capacity, energy saving options and site conditions influence the final rating.
Fact-based classification– Energy efficiency is classified according to the
VDI4707-1– the usage category is defined as 1 or 2 – a typical
residential building– stand-by energy accounts for about 60 - 80 % of the
total energy consumption p.a.– the certificate refers only to a single measured or
calculated unit– energy consumption is influenced considerably by
the frequency of use, travel speed and height
Energy efficiency classification
*Incl. special options, calculated results based on a measured
field installation.
Schindler 3100 EU – representative elevator as defined for the Life-cycle Assessment
Schindler 3100 EU – example of typically installed configuration
Schindler 3100 EU
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Load (kg) 480
Speed (m/s) 1.0
Travel height (m) 12
Usage category 2
Specific travel demand C (0.88 mWh/(kgm))
Stand-by demand B (52 W)
Total demand per year 722 kWh
Impact: Environmental impact
Materials: Resource usage
Energy: Energy demand
Additional: Complementary information
Certified by TÜV SÜD for a standard configuration at field installa-tion. Measurements based on the VDI 4707 guideline, issued in March 2010.
11Schindler 3100 EU EPD
Sound of silence.
Noise and vibrationThe sound made by an elevator can have an impact on the surrounding environment. Not every type of noise is equally disturbing. This depends strongly on the nature of the noise, relative background noise and on psychological aspects.When it comes to noise and vibration, there are several important aspects: Besides the obvious ones relevant for the whole building concerning the ride quality, such
as sound and vibration inside the car, there are others, e.g. door noise and the noise in the elevator shaft. The structure-borne noise in the walls is also important, because it radiates sound into adjacent rooms.Furthermore, there is noise created during the operation of an elevator, such as the noise of the cooling fan, the drive operation, the relay switching, the door, and the guide shoe sliding (only for a short time after the installation).
1 VDI 2566-2:2004 prescribes a maximum permissible A-weighted sound level
LpAmax in adjacent rooms of 30 dB(A).
2 VDI 2566-2:2004 specifies a maximum sound pressure
level in the hoistway of 75 dB(A).
3 The levels listed are the levels according to VDI 2566-2:2004.
The Schindler elevator systems generally fulfill these levels with a large
margin, depending on the type of wall.
4 VDI 2566-2:2004 specifies a maximum A-weighted sound pressure level
for door noise of 65 dB(A).
* incl. impulse noise
** Impulse noise
Noise and vibration performance
dB (A) Octave (Hz)
Adjacent rooms 1
Shaft 2
Structure-borne noise 3
Landing
Door noise 4
Pass-by noise
Impulse noise at top floor
Sound pressure level / Car
Vibrations (ride quality) / Car
Lateral
Vertical
30 *
62/65 **
60
60
55
62/65 **
ISO MPtP
< 15 mg
< 35 mg
63 – 500
ISO A95
< 10 + 3 mg
< 20 + 5 mg
Whisper,
leaves
rustling
Schindler
3100 EU
Noisy office
Jet taking off,
25 meters,
threshold of pain
Decibel
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Impact: Environmental impact
Materials: Resource usage
Energy: Energy demand
Additional: Complementary information
Discover more about Schindler´s environmental activities on: http://ccr.schindler.com
A big step to a small footprint.
Schindler Management Ltd. Global Business New InstallationsZugerstrasse 13 6030 Ebikon, Lucerne, Switzerland
www.schindler.com GM
S.EP
D.3
100
EN.1
2.13
.EU
Ecological Scarcity / UBP 6 Scarcity-oriented method for life-cycle impact assess-ments. It measures various environmental impacts, and shows the final result in a single score.
ReCiPe Methodology for life-cycle impact assessments evaluating various environmental impacts and showing the final result in a single source.
VDI4707-1Independent guideline on how to measure and classify the energy efficiency of elevator systems, published by the Association of German Engineers (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure).
GlossaryLCA – Life-cycle AssessmentAssessment methodology of the environmental impact of all relevant material and energy flows throughout the entire life-cycle of a product according to ISO 14040.
EPD – Environmental Product DeclarationA declaration that provides quantified environmental data using predetermined parameters defined in a Product Category Rule according to ISO 14025.
PCR – Product Category RuleA set of specific rules, requirements and guidelines for developing environmental declarations for one or more product categories.
EMS – Environmental Management SystemCovers development, implementation and management of environmental aspects according to ISO 14001.