environmental product declaration - vallourec · this environmental product declaration in...

Environmental Product Declaration i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h I S O 1 4 0 2 5

MSH Sections from VALLOUREC & MANNESMANN TUBES

- Circular, square and rectangular

structural steel hollow sections -

Declaration number

EPD-VMT-2010111-E

Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V.

www.bau-umwelt.com

larissa.laufs

Neuer Name

larissa.laufs

Neuer Name

Summary

Environmental Product Declaration

Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. www.bau-umwelt.com

Program operator

V & M Deutschland GmbH Theodorstrasse 90 D-40472 Düsseldorf Germany www.vmtubes.de/msh

Declaration owner

EPD-VMT-2010111-E Declaration number

MSH Sections

This Environmental Product Declaration in accordance with ISO 14025 describes the specific environmental performance features of the building products declared herein which are manufactured in Germany by V&M Deutschland GmbH. It intends to promote the development of construction that is compatible with environmental and health requirements and discloses all the relevant environmental data.

This validated declaration is based on the PCR-Dokument Baustähle 2010-09 (Product Category Rules for structural steels).

Declared building products

It authorizes the holder to use the stamp of the Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. in connection with the declared products for a period of three years, starting from the issue date. The declaration owner is liable for the underlying information and evidence.

Validity

This declaration is complete and provides in detailed form: - Construction physical data - Information about the nature and origin of the raw materials used - Descriptions of the processes used in the manufacture of the declared products - Data on in-service condition, extraordinary impacts and re-use phase - Life cycle assessment (LCA) results - Evidence and verifications

Content

14 September 2010 Issue date

Signatures

Professor Dr.-Ing. Horst J. Bossenmayer (President of IBU) This declaration and the underlying rules have been reviewed and approved in accordance with ISO 14025 by an independent expert committee (SVA).

Verification

Signatures

Professor Dr.-Ing. Hans-Wolf Reinhardt (President of SVA) Dr. Frank Werner (Verifier appointed by the SVA)

Summary

Environmental Product Declaration

MSH sections are hot-finished structural hollow sections made from unalloyed and fine grain structural steels in accordance with DIN EN 10 210-1. Product description

MSH sections are used in a wide range of construction applications:

Industrial building construction

Bridge construction

Boiler frames and support structures

Grandstands

Sport complexes

Exhibition buildings

Airport terminals and hangars

Steel-glass façade structures

Offshore structures

Application fields

The life cycle assessment (eco-balance) was carried out in accordance with DIN ISO 14040 ff, based on data provided by V &M Deutschland and on the GaBi 4 database. The assessment was conducted as a cradle-to-grave assessment for the production phase of the products, taking into account all the upstream chains, such as raw material production, energy provision and transports. In addition to these production related aspects, the recycling potential of the structural steel hollow sections was considered in the life cycle assessment.

The use phase is not included in the analysis.

Life cycle assessment (LCA) framework

MSH sections

Parameter Unit / kg Total

(production and recycling)

Production Recyclingpotential

Primary energy, non-renewable [MJ] 13.720 27.246 -13.526

Primary energy, renewable [MJ] 0.667 0.667 4.35E-05

Global warming potential (GWP 100) [kg CO2 equiv.] 0.977 2.018 -1.042

Ozone depletion potential (ODP) [kg R11 equiv.] 6.33E-08 1.72E-08 -4.61E-08

Acidification potential (AP) [kg SO2 equiv.] 1.86E-03 4.88E-03 -3.02E-03

Eutrophication potential (EP) [kg PO4 equiv.] 1.59E-04 4.14E-04 -2.55E-04

Photochemical ozone creation

potential (POCP) [kg ethene equiv.] 2.88E-04 8.24E-04 -5.35E-04

Issued by: PE INTERNATIONAL GmbH, Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany

Further tests and verifications included in the Environmental Product Declaration:

Non-coated structural steel products require no verifications

Environmental Product DeclarationMSH Sections

Product group: Declaration owner: Declaration number:

Structural steels V & M Deutschland GmbH EPD-VMT-2010111-E

Issued 14-09-2010

Scope This Environmental Product Declaration covers hot finished circular, square and rectangular MSH sections manufactured at the V & M mills in Düsseldorf Rath and Mülheim (Germany).

1 Product definition

Product definition Hot finished structural steel hollow sections in unalloyed and fine grain structural steels in accordance with EN 10 210-1

Application fields: Building product for steel construction and mechanical engineering purposes:

Industrial building construction

Bridge construction

Boiler frames and support structures

Grandstands

Sport complexes

Exhibition buildings

Airport terminals and hangars

Steel-glass façade structures

Vehicle construction

Shipbuilding

Offshore structures

Agricultural equipment

Materials handling systems

General mechanical engineering

Placing on the market/ Codes of practice

DIN EN 10 210:Steel-glass façade structures in unalloyed and fine grain structural steels Part 1: Technical delivery conditions Part 2: Tolerances, dimensions and sectional properties

DIN 18800 to DIN 18808: DIN 18800 to DIN 18808: German standards

for steel structures

Eurocode 3 (EN 1993-1-1 to EN 1993-1-12): European standards for steel structures

DASt Guidelines: supplementary guidelines issued by the German Steel

Construction Association Deutscher Ausschuss für Stahlbau (DASt) Quality control Quality and environmental management system conforming to ISO 9001 and ISO 14 001

Certificate for internal control of production (CE mark) for the Düsseldorf Rath and Mülheim plants

Technical delivery condition, properties

●Materials conforming to DIN EN 10 210-1 Steel grades: S 235 JRH S 275 J0H and J2H S 355 J0H, J2H and K2H




Issued 14-09-2010

S 275 NH and NLH

S 355 NH and NLH

S 420 NH and NLH

S 460 NH and NLH

● Product designation according to DIN EN 10 210

a) Order quantity (weight or total length)

b) Length type and range or length (see

DIN EN 10 210-2)

c) Product form details:

HFCHS = hot finished circular hollow section

HFRHS = hot finished square or rectangular hollow section

d) Steel designation according to DIN EN 10 210-1, 4.2

e) Dimensions (see DIN EN 10 210-2)

● Dimensions according to DIN EN 10 210-2:

Circular hollow sections: Outside diameters up to 2500 mm

Square hollow sections: Outer dimensions up to 800 x 800 mm

Rectangular hollow sections: Outer dimensions up to 750 x 500 mm

Wall thicknesses for all hollow section types: up to 120 mm

Technical delivery condition

MSH sections are supplied in one of the delivery conditions below:

Grades JR, J0, J2 und K2: hot finished;

Grades N und NL: normalized (by annealing and/or rolling)

Structural properties

Mechanical and technological properties at room temperature

General structural steels

(Detailed values according to DIN EN 10 210-1, Table A.3)

Minimum yield strength (depending on nominal wall thickness)

S 235 195 – 235 MPa S 275 225 – 275 MPa S 355 295 – 355 MPa




Issued 14-09-2010

Tensile strength (depending on nominal wall thickness)

S 235 350 – 510 MPa S 275 400 – 630 MPa S 355 450 – 680 MPa

Elongation, min. (depending on nominal wall thickness)

S 235 22 – 26 % S 275 19 – 23 % S 355 18 – 22 %

Impact energy

Grade JR Grade J0 Grade J2 Grade K2

27 J at 27 J at 27 J at 40 J at

+20°C+0°C

-20°C-20°C

Fine grain structural steels Values according to DIN EN 10 210-1, Table B.3

Minimum yield strength (depending on nominal wall thickness)

S 275 255 – 275 MPa S 355 335 – 355 MPa S 420 390 – 420 MPa S 460 430 – 460 MPa

Tensile strength

S 275 370 – 510 MPa S 355 470 – 630 MPa S 420 520 – 680 MPa S 460 540 – 720 MPa

Elongation, min., longitudinal / transverse

S 275 24 / 22 %S 355 22 / 20 %S 420 19 / 17 %S 460 17 / 15 %

Impact energy, min.

Grade N 40 J at -20°CGrade NL 27 J at -50°C

Physical properties

Density [g/cm³] 7.85

Modulus of elasticity [kN/mm²] (dynamic)

212

Shear modulus [kN/mm²] 81




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Thermal conductivity [W/mK]

True specific heat capacity

35 – 47

461 [J/kgK]

Thermal diffusivity [10-6m²/s] 9.6 – 13 Mean coefficient of thermal

expansion 11.5 – 11.9

Fire safety Material class A1, non-flammable in accordance with EN 13 501-1

Magnetic behaviour magnetizable

2 Base materials

Base materials Primary products Table 2.1: Base materials for the production of continuously cast starting material for MSH sections in general and fine grain structural steels

Base materials for MSH sections

Element Content in %

Carbon ≤ 0.22

Silicon ≤ 0.60

Manganese ≤ 1,70

Phosphorus ≤ 0.040

Sulfur ≤ 0.040

Niobium ≤ 0.050

Vanadium ≤ 0.20

Aluminium, min. 0.020

Titanium ≤ 0.03

Chromium ≤ 0.30

Nickel ≤ 0.80

Molybdenum ≤ 0.10

Copper ≤ 0.70

Nitrogen ≤ 0.025

Iron Rest (≤ 99.5)

Raw material production and origin

Raw materials Coke

Most of the coke used as solid fuel for the blast furnaces stems from the steel mill's own coking plant. Iron ore

The pig iron is produced by melting iron ores, preferably from Brazil, Canada and Australia.




Issued 14-09-2010

Fluxes The fluxes, such as lime and olivine, are sourced from regional and international producers.

Regional and general availability

Alloys

High-grade Fe alloys and a wide range of different metals are used for the production of fine grain structural steels (low-alloy steels). (Information largely taken from the HKM steelworks' website www.hkm.de).

The raw material for steel production is iron ore. In 2000, about 1 billion tonnes of iron ore was produced worldwide, mostly in open cast mines. The most important ore supplying countries are Brazil, Australia, China, Russia, the Ukraine and Kazakhstan. World reserves are estimated to be about 800 billion tonnes. New iron ore deposits are being discovered all the time, most recently in China. So, even given today's high production level, iron ore supplies are assured for several centuries to come. In addition, scrap is being used in steel production to an ever increasing extent (up to 30 % per heat).

3 Production

Production (Starting material)

Production process

The blast furnace process is the basis for steelmaking. Charging materials supply to the blast furnaces is effected via the preliminary stages of the integrated steelmaking process, namely the coking plant and burden preparation, in which coke and sinters are produced

Ores and pellets suitable for direct charging are unloaded in the HKM works harbour and sieved before being fed to the blast furnaces.

The hot metal or pig iron is poured into ladles which are transferred to the steel plant by rail. At the steel plant, high-grade steels are produced from the pig iron using state-of-the-art equipment for secondary metallurgical treatment. Finally, the liquid steel is cast using advanced continuous casting technology which ensures uniform solidification and an optimum microstructure of the ingots and tube-making rounds. By-products

Mineral aggregates

Besides coke, sinter, pig iron, crude steel and continuously cast starting material, about 2 million tonnes of other products (e.g. slag) are produced each year, which are appropriately processed for use as mineral aggregates in other industry sectors and their production processes. Ecological potential This 100 percent utilization of the mineral materials represents an important contribution towards protecting natural resources and saving energy. Coal derivatives

The by-products from the processing of the coke oven gas, such as crude tar, crude benzene and sulfuric acid are used as starting products or reactants in the chemical industry.

(Information largely taken from the HKM steelworks' website www.hkm.de)




Issued 14-09-2010

Production (MSH section)

Production of MSH sections 1 The plug mill at Düsseldorf-Rath The continuously cast tube-making rounds are heated to about 1280 °C in a rotary hearth furnace and then rolled to a hollow bloom in the pierce rolling mill. From there, the hollow bloom is transferred to the plug mill for two rolling passes, during which its wall thickness is significantly reduced through the annular gap between the work rolls and the plug. After reeling, followed by reheating in a walking-beam furnace, the hollow receives its final dimensions in a multi-stand sizing mill. The square or rectangular cross section is formed on the last stands. Subsequently, the MSH sections are allowed to cool on the cooling bed and are then transferred to the finishing line.

Fig. 3-1: Schematic illustration of the plug rolling

process at the Düsseldorf-Rath mill 2 The Mülheim mandrel mill The continuously cast tube-making round is heated to rolling temperature in a rotary hearth furnace and then pierced. This is effected by two specially grooved work rolls, which are rotated in the same direction and inclined towards the rolling stock axis so that it moves helically over the piercing mandrel. Without reheating, a mandrel bar which serves as an internal tool is inserted into the bloom and the assembly is passed through the eight two-high stands of the mandrel mill.




Issued 14-09-2010

After rolling, the mandrel bar is pulled out of the tube, which is then reheated before being rolled to its final dimensions and cross section (circular, square or rectangular) in a stretch-reducing mill. Finally, the MSH sections are allowed to cool on the cooling bed and are then transferred to the finishing line either on roller tables or with the aid of cranes.

Fig. 3-2: Schematic illustration of the mandrel

rolling process at the Mülheim mill

Auxiliary materials / additives

Health protection / Production

Environmental protection / Production

Auxiliary materials

Diverse lubricants matching the various rolling processes

Measures for the prevention of health risks and harmful effects from the production process:

No health protection measures beyond the statutory OHS regulations for industrial operations are required throughout the production process. VMD aims to obtain OHSAS 18001 certification for all its locations.

The low environmental impact from the production process is being steadily reduced even further through regular evaluations and continuous improvement measures and campaigns within the TQM (Total Quality Management) framework.

All VMD production sites are certificated in accordance with ISO 14001.




Issued 14-09-2010

4 Product processing

Processing recommenda-tions

Hot and cold forming Hot and cold forming can be readily performed. Hot forming should be carried out in the temperature range of 1050 to 750 °C. Forming operations such as forging and upsetting should be carried out in the upper temperature range. For processes that stretch the material, the lower temperature range is recommended. For reduction ratios < 5 % during the last forming step, the temperature may drop to 700 °C. After hot forming, the material must be allowed to cool in still air. If a temperature outside the range of 980 to 850 °C has occurred during the last forming stage, hot forming must be followed by a normalizing treatment. After heavy cold forming operations for which the relevant guidelines (AD Merkblätter / Codes of Practice) specify subsequent heat treatment, stress relieving will suffice in many cases unless normal annealing is expressly specified by any other applicable specifications. Welding The steels are weldable by all current manual or automatic methods.

At ambient temperatures below approximately +5 °C and when welding wall thicknesses greater than 50 mm (with S 355 > 30 mm), a sufficiently wide zone should be preheated to between 80 °C and 200. The steel surface should be free from condensation.

Stress relieving (see “Heat treatment”) is generally not required unless explicitly specified in the applicable construction regulation, or when the reduction of residual welding stresses appears advisable in view of the type of welded structure and/or service conditions involved. Arc-welding should be carried out with appropriate consumables matching the steel's composition and properties. Their suitability must be verified. Products in S 355 and higher grades should preferably be welded using basic consumables. Heat treatment (reference values)

Designation Normalizing Stress relieving

S 235 900 – 930 °C

Cooling in air

520 – 600 °C

Cooling in still air

S 275 870 – 900 °C

S 355 890 – 940 °C

S 420 880 – 950 °C 530 – 580 °C

S 460 880 – 960 °C

Workpieces must attain the specified temperature through the entire cross-section.

Once the product has reached its hardening temperature no further soaking is required. For Grade N and NL steels, retarded cooling or tempering may be necessary after normalizing. Products with wall thicknesses greater than 25 mm, or with a wall thickness to outside diameter ratio > 0,15 may need accelerated cooling after austenitizing.




Issued 14-09-2010

When stress relieving general structural steels (Grades JR, J0, J2 and K2), a minimum soaking time of 15 minutes is recommended for wall thicknesses up 15 mm, 30 minutes for wall thicknesses > 15 mm to 30 mm, and 60 minutes for wall thicknesses > 30 mm.

When stress relieving fine grain structural steels (Grades N and NL), a minimum soaking time of 30 minutes is recommended. However, in the case of multiple annealing, the total soaking time should not exceed 150 minutes. For soaking times longer than 90 minutes, the lower temperature range should be used.

OHS Occupational health and safety protection:

Apart from the usual safety measures (e.g. wearing protective gloves), no other health protection measures are required when processing or fitting MSH sections.

Environmental protection Environmental protection:

Processing and fitting MSH sections does not cause significant environmental impact. Special environmental protection measures are therefore not required.

Leftover material Leftover material and packaging waste:

Leftover material scraps and packaging must be separated and disposed of in line with the local waste regulations. In addition the guidelines given under 7 "End of life" must be observed.

MSH sections are 100% recyclable.

Packaging MSH sections (circular, square or rectangular) are bundled with steel straps or secured with dunnage for shipment (waste key nos 150103 - wooden packaging, 150104 -metallic packaging).

All the packaging material used is recyclable.

5 In-service condition

Contents Contents in in-service condition:

MSH sections are manufactured from unalloyed and fine grain structural steels in conformance with DIN EN 10 210-1. The elements contained in the steel are listed in Table 2.1 above.

Environ-mental health effects

Resistance / in-service condition

General health and environmental aspects:

MSH sections do not carry any health risk for the user or for persons involved in their production or processing.

From the environmental point of view there is no restriction regarding the use of MSH sections.

Corrosion protection

Detailed information about corrosion protection is contained in the brochure "Technische Information 4 - Korrosionsschutz von MSH-Konstruktionen", which can be downloaded from www.vmtubes.de

6 Extraordinary impacts

Fire Fire behaviour: MSH sections meet the requirements of DIN 4102-1 for building material class A1, non-flammable".

Smoke gas development:

None.




Issued 14-09-2010

Water In the event of a flood, no negative environmental impact would arise from MSH sections because they undergo no change when exposed to water.

7 End of life

Re-use/ Recycling

MSH sections used for construction purposes are only partly reused after a building has been demolished. The major part goes to electric steelmaking plants, where it is used as scrap in melting shops (cf. Chapter 8-2, "Allocation").

MSH sections are 100 % recyclable.

Disposal Not applicable.

8 Life cycle assessment (LCA)

8.1 General

This Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was drawn up in accordance with ISO 14040/44, as well as the PCR-Dokument Baustähle (Product Category Rules for structural steels) and the constraints set out in the general guideline published by the Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. /IBU 2006/. The LCA covers all the relevant life cycle phases and is based on mill data collected at V & M TUBES Deutschland GmbH in 2008. The cradle-to-grave analysis is representative of structural steel hollow sections manufactured by V & M Tubes Deutschland GmbH.

8.2 Production of structural steel hollow sections

Declared unit

The Declaration relates to the production of 1 kg of structural steel hollow section.

System boundaries The system boundaries for the production phase of the declared structural steel hollow sections stretch from the production of the raw materials used through to shipment of the finished product. The production of auxiliary materials and other raw materials as well as internal transport routes are also included.

The production data stem from two locations of V & M Deutschland GmbH (Mülheim and Rath) and were averaged over Germany-wide industrial production data for 2008. The analyzed product thus corresponds to one kilogram of an average structural hollow section as manufactured by V & M in 2008.

The use phase of the structural steel hollow sections is not included in this study; it will have to be considered in the context of a building assessment. In addition to the production phase, the recycling potential of structural steel hollow sections has been included in the life cycle assessment.

Cut-off criterion

The production sites are located in Germany. Accordingly, the production processes as well as the preliminary stages such as electricity or fuel supplies take account of the relevant German constraints.

All the data from the mill data acquisition system, i.e. for all the materials, the consumption of thermal energy, internal fuel and electricity, all the direct wastes, as well as emission measurements were considered in the life cycle assessment.




Issued 14-09-2010

Internal transports up to and including the production phase, as well as material and energy flows accounting for less than 1 % of the assessed impact categories are all considered in the LCA.

Packaging materials and their recycling are not considered in this study due to their minor significance. Waste dumped (1 %) in the end-of-life phase was also neglected.

It can be assumed that the sum total of the neglected processes does not exceed 5 % of the assessed impact categories.

Machinery, plant and infrastructure required in production are neglected.

Transports External steel transports from Duisburg to Rath or Mülheim are taken into account. An average truck is used for this purpose. In the model, the distance between Duisburg and Rath is defined as 30km, and the distance between Duisburg and Mülheim as 10 km. The transports of the auxiliary materials and during the end-of-life phase can be neglected.

Transports on the works premises were included in the assessment. The means of transport here was a normal diesel train with an annual transport distance of 10 km. The internal transports were calculated on the basis of the annual tonnage (of structural steel hollow sections) handled by the means of transport used.

Period under consideration

Background data

This Life Cycle Assessment is based on production data from V & M Deutschland GmbH from the year 2008.

The life cycle for the production of structural steel hollow sections was modelled using GaBi 4, a software system for holistic balancing (German: Ganzheitliche Bilanzierung) developed by PE INERNATIONAL GmbH /GaBi 4 2009/. The background data on energy, transports and auxiliary materials were taken from the GaBi 4 database.

The reference area for the Life Cycle Assessment is Germany. Accordingly, the production processes as well as the preliminary stages such as electricity or fuel supplies are viewed under the constraints relevant in this country.

Data quality The life cycle for the production of structural steel hollow sections was modelled using GaBi 4, a software system for holistic balancing (German: Ganzheitliche Bilanzierung) developed by PE INERNATIONAL GmbH /GaBi 4 2009/. All the background datasets relevant to the production of the declared product were taken from the GaBi 4 database. The data used were last revised less than 8 years ago.

Allocation In the present study, material credits along the starting material production route are referred to as allocations. By-products such as benzene, sulfur, tar and blast-furnace slag are booked as material substitutions in the balance. For tar, the dataset bitumen is credited, for sulfur the dataset sulfur, and for benzene the dataset benzene. Blast-furnace slag is credited entirely (100 %) to the dataset "gravel".

Regarding the recycling potential, the following assumptions have been used:

The collection rate of structural steel hollow sections is 100 %

11 % of the collected structural steel hollow sections are re-used as such. In this context, the modelled production plan is used as a 100 % material credit.

88 % of the collected structural steel hollow sections are melted in an electric furnace, i.e. they replace primary steel. The remelting rate is 89 %.

1 % of the collected structural steel hollow sections are not retained in the model; this corresponds to a loss in the context of waste separation.




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Note on the use phase

The useful life of building products depends on the design, use and maintenance of the building. The use phase is not included in the assessment, because it is a maintenance-free and generally long-life product.

8.3 Representation of balance and evaluation

Life cycle balance The following chapters show the evaluation of the life cycle balance with regard to primary energy consumption and wastes.

Primary energy consumption

To produce 1 kg of structural steel hollow section, 27.2 MJ of non-renewable energy is consumed. The renewable energy consumption amounts to 0.7 MJ.

Table 8-1: Primary energy consumption in the production of 1 kg of structural steel hollow section in [MJ /kg]

Structural steel hollow sections

Parameter Production

Primary energy, non-renewable (MJ / kg) 27.246

Primary energy, renewable (MJ / kg) 0.667

Consumption of non-renewable primary energy:

In the production of structural steel hollow sections, approximately 80 % of the total non-renewable energy consumed goes into the production of the starting material (steel ingots / tube-making rounds). The production of the actual product accounts for 19 % of non-renewable (fossil) energy in the form of electric current and thermal energy. The last percent is distributed among internal transports and the production of auxiliary materials.

Consumption of renewable primary energy:

Renewable energy consumption amounts to 0.7 MJ/kg and is predominantly attributable to the production of the starting material (ingots / tube-making rounds).

Total primary energy consumption, i.e. renewable and non-renewable, amounts to 27.9 MJ per kg of structural steel hollow section. The most important influencing factor is starting material production, followed by electricity and thermal energy supplies to the equipment used to produce the structural steel hollow sections.

The chart below indicates the contributions of the individual process groups to the total primary energy consumption (renewable and non-renewable).




Issued 14-09-2010

Primary energy consumed in the production of 1 kg of structural hollow section

30.00

25.00

20.00

M J 15.00

10.00

Primary energy consumption from non-renewable sources [MJ]

Primary energy consumption from renewable sources [MJ]

5.00

0.00

Total Energy Starting material Additives Transport (external)

Fig. 8-1: Absolute consumption of renewable and non-renewable energy [in MJ / kg] by starting material, production, auxiliary materials, and transports involved in the production of structural steel hollow sections

A closer evaluation of the primary energy consumption (see Fig. 8-2) per 1 kg of structural steel hollow section produced reveals that hard coal is the main primary energy carrier. It is the main energy source in the production of starting material (steel ingots and tube-making rounds).

Within the energy mix, hydropower and wind energy are both equally important and account for the largest shares among the renewable energy sources used.

Fig. 8-2: Breakdown of energy consumption per kg of structural steel

hollow section by renewable and non-renewable primary energy sources




Issued 14-09-2010

The Table below presents the primary energy consumption due to the recycling potential.

Table 8-2: Primary energy consumption due to the recycling potential of von 1 kg structural steel hollow section [MJ /kg]

Total

Starting material credit Reuse EAF

(primary) credit

Primary energy consumption from renewable sources [MJ]4.35E‐05 ‐2.30E‐06 ‐2.32E‐06 4.81E‐05

Primary energy consumption from non‐renewable sources [MJ] ‐13.526 ‐16.342 ‐2.996 5.811

Primary energy consumption, total:

The primary energy consumption during the complete life cycle of 1 kg of structural steel hollow section amounts to 14.4 MJ.

Table 8-3: Life cycle primary energy consumption of 1 kg structural steel hollow section in [MJ /kg]

Total Production End of life

Primary energy consumption from renewable resources [MJ] 0.667 0.667 4.35E‐05

Primary energy consumption from non‐renewable resources [MJ] 13.720 27.246 ‐13.526

Secondary fuels

None used.

Non-renewable resources

Table 8-4 shows the proportion of non-renewable mineral substances (including oil and gas) of the total amount of non-renewable resources used, taking into account all the upstream chains. Table 8-4: Non-renewable resources used per 1 kg of structural steel hollow

section produced, including upstream chains

Non-renewable resources

Total kg 5.29

Iron ore kg 1.76

Waste (barren rock) kg 3.35

The proportion of non-renewable resources which go into the production of 1 kg of structural steel hollow section amounts to 5.29 kg, of which 96 % is accounted for by iron ore and barren rock. The remaining resources account for less than 1 % and are therefore not listed in the Table.

Wastes Table 8-5 breaks down the accumulated waste volume into three fractions: overburden/tailings (including mine processing residues), municipal waste (including domestic and industrial wastes) and hazardous waste (including radioactive wastes).




Issued 14-09-2010

At 84,4 %, starting material production accounts for the largest share in tailings (overburden and mine processing residues), followed by the energy consumption attributable to the production of the structural steel hollow sections (overburden), which makes up 15,6 %.

The hazardous waste volume (sludge) is entirely attributable to starting material production.

The Table below provides an overview of the waste accumulating over the life cycle of 1 kg of structural steel hollow section.

Table 8-5 Waste accumulation over the life cycle of 1 kg of structural steel hollow section

Structural steel hollow sections [kg/kg]

Parameter

Total (production and

recycling)

Production

Recycling

Overburden & tailings 2.747 3.666

-0.919

Municipal waste 0.0412 0.0169

0.0244

Hazardous waste 0.0034 0.0065

-0.0003

Impact assessment

Table 8-6 lists the contributions of the production of structural steel hollow sections to the impact categories global warming potential (GWP), ozone depletion potential (ODP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP) and photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP). Table 8-6: Assessed life cycle impacts from 1 kg of structural steel hollow section

Structural steel hollow sections [per kg]

Parameter Unit / kg Production Recycling Total

(production and recycling)

Global warming potential (GWP) [kg CO2 equiv.] 2.018 -1.042

0.977

Ozone depletion potential (ODP) [kg R11 equiv.] 1.72E-08 4.61E-08

6.33E-08

Acidification potential (AP) [kg SO2 equiv.] 4.88E-3 -3.02E-03

1.86E-03

Eutrophication potential (EP) [kg PO4 equiv.] 4.14E-04 -2.55E-04

1.59E-04

Photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP)

[kg ethene equiv.] 8.24E-04 -5.35E-04

2.88E-04

Figure 8-3 shows the relative contributions from the production of structural steel hollow sections to the various impact categories, broken down by the following process groups: starting material production, auxiliary materials, production of structural steel hollow sections, energy consumptions and internal transports. The dominance of starting material production is evident in all impact categories, with the exception of ODP.




Issued 14-09-2010

Fig. 8-3: Relative contributions from the production of structural hollow sections to environmental impacts (GWP, ODP, AP, EP und POCP), broken down by process groups

An examination of the impact categories across the process groups reveals the dominant influence of the starting material production group on the categories GWP, EP, POCP and AP. The hollow section production group's influence on GWP is limited to this category and results from the carbon dioxide emissions included in the model. Looking at the ODP it is clear that the main contributors are electric current, thermal energy and energy from natural gas. The credits for the by-products of starting material production (sulfur, tar, benzene and BF slag) are of minor significance.

9 Evidence and verifications

Non-coated structural steel products require no verifications

10 PCR document and review This declaration is based on the PCR-Dokument Baustähle 2010-09 (Product Category Rules for structural steels).

Review of the PCR document by Independent Advisory Board (SVA).

SVA President: Professor Dr-Ing. Hans-Wolf Reinhardt (Stuttgart University, IWB)

Independent verification of the declaration in accordance with ISO 14025:

internal external

Validation of the declaration: Dr Frank Werner




Issued 14-09-2010

11 References

IBU 2006 Leitfaden Umwelt-Produktdeklarationen (Version of 20.01.2006) für die Formulierung der produktgruppen-spezifischen Anforderungen der Umwelt-Produktdeklarationen (Typ III) für Bauprodukte, Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V., www.bau-umwelt.com

IBU 2009 Regeln für Umwelt-Produktdeklarationen – Baumetalle, September 2009

BBS 1997 Bundesverband Baustoffe, Steine und Erden (Hrsg.): Leitfaden zur Erstellung von

Sachbilanzen in Betrieben der Steine-Erden-Industrie, Frankfurt, 1997.

Eyerer und Rein- hardt 2000

Eyerer P., Reinhardt, H.-W. (Eds): Ökologische Bilanzierung von Baustoffen und Ge-bäuden – Wege zu einer ganzheitlichen Bilanzierung, Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel 2000

BBS 1999 Bundesverband Baustoffe, Steine und Erden (Eds): Wirkungsabschätzung und Aus-

wertung in der Steine-Erden-Industrie, Frankfurt, 1999.

BMVBW 2001 Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau- und Wohnungswesen (Eds): Leitfaden Nachhaltiges Bauen, Berlin, 2001.

Standards and laws

DIN EN ISO 9001 Quality management systems - Requirements (ISO 9001:2008); Trilingual version

EN ISO 9001:2008

DIN EN ISO 14001 DIN EN ISO 14001: 2009-11, Environmental management systems – Requirements with guidance for use (ISO 14001:2004 + Cor. 1:2009); German and English version EN ISO 14001:2004 + AC:2009

DIN ISO 14025 DIN ISO 14025: 2007-10, Environmental labels and declarations - Type III

environmental declarations - Principles and procedures (ISO 14025:2006); German and English version EN ISO 14025:2010

DIN EN ISO 14040 DIN EN ISO 14040:2006-10, Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework (ISO 14040:2006); German and English version EN ISO 14040:2006

DIN EN ISO 14044 DIN EN ISO 14044:2006-10, Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines (ISO 14044:2006); German and English version EN ISO 14044:2006

Application rules

DIN EN 10 210 Hot finished structural hollow sections in unalloyed and fine grain structural steels

Part 1: Technical delivery conditions, German version EN 10 210-1:2006

Part 2: Tolerances, dimensions and sectional properties; German version EN 10 210-2:2006

DIN EN 13501-1 Fire classification of construction products and building elements -

Part 1: Classification using data from reaction to fire tests; German version EN 13501-1:2007+A1:2009




Issued 14-09-2010

DIN 4102-1 DIN 4102-1:1998-05, Fire behaviour of building materials und building components - Part 1: Building materials; Concepts, requirements and tests

DIN 18 800 to DIN 18 808

German standards for steel structures

Eurocode 3 DIN EN 1993-1-1 to DIN EN 1993-1-12: European standards for the design of steel structures

DASt-Richtlinien Supplementary guidelines, issued by the German Steel Construction Association Deutscher Ausschuss für Stahlbau (DASt)

Data Sheets (WBL)

Data Sheets (WBL) issued by & M Deutschland GmbH: WBL 012 R: Unlegierter Stahl – Rohre, Hohlprofile für Konstruktionszwecke, Stähle:

S 235 JRH, S 275 J0H und J2H, S 355 J2H, Oktober 1994, überprüft 1999

(Unalloyed steel – Tubes, hollow sections for construction purposes, steel grades: S 235 JRH, S 275 J0H and J2H, S 355 J2H, October 1994, revised 1999

WBL 260 R: Feinkorn-Güten, schweißgeeignet – Rohre, Rohrerzeugnisse für Druck-

beanspruchung, Stähle: StE 420 N, WStE 420, TStE 420, EStE 420, Oktober 1994

(Fine grain structural steels, suitable for welding – Tube and pipe, tube products for pressure purposes, steel grades: StE 420 N, WStE 420, TStE 420, EStE 420, October 1994)

WBL 268 R: Fine grain steel, suitable for welding– Tubes and hollow sections for construction purposes, steels grades: S 460 NH and NLH, August 2002

Umwelt-Produktdeklaration MSH-Profile Seite 22

Produktgruppe Baustähle Erstellung Deklarationsinhaber: V & M Deutschland GmbH 14-09-2010 Deklarationsnummer: EPD-VMT-2010111-D

Editor:

Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. (IBU) Rheinufer 108 53639 Königswinter Tel.: +49 (0)2223 296679-0 Fax: +49 (0)2223 296679-1 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.bau-umwelt.com

Photo credits: V & M Deutschland GmbH

V & M Deutschland GmbH Theodorstrasse 90 D-40472 Düsseldorf Germany www.vmtubes.de/msh

In the case of any doubts, the original EPD “EPD-VMT-2010111-D” shall apply.

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