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Environmental Monitoring Report

Monthly Report February 2014

GMS: Rehabilitation of Railway in Cambodia

Prepared by Nippon Koei in association with JARTS, for the Ministry of Public Works and Transport, the Kingdom of Cambodia, and the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 1 March 2014)

Currency unit – riel (KR) KR1.00 = $0.000251

$1.00 = KR3,980

ABBREVIATIONS

NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated.

This environmental monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

ADB – Asian Development BankCSC – construction supervision consultantEMP – environmental management planGMS – Greater Mekong Subregion

IEE – initial environmental examinationMPWT – Ministry of Public Works and Transport

NR – national roadPIU – project implementation unit

PPE – personal protective equipmentRRL – railroad line

KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA

MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT

RAILWAY REHABILITATION MANAGEMENT OFFICE

ADB LOAN NO 2288-CAM [SF], OFID P1125

ADB LOAN NO 2602, AUSAID GO187

GMS: REHABILITATION OF RAILWAY IN CAMBODIA

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT No. 29

February 2014

NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD.

In association with JARTS

GMS: REHABILITATION OF THE RAILWAY IN CAMBODIA ADB LOAN NO. 2288-CAM, OFID P1125, ADB LOAN NO. 2602, AUSAID G0187 Nippon Koei in association with JARTS

Environmental Monitoring Report 28, February 2014 Page 1

Table of Content

Page

1. General Background .......................................................................................................................... 2

1.1 Project overall .................................................................................................................................. 2

1.2 Project progress .............................................................................................................................. 2

1.3 Purpose of the report ..................................................................................................................... 2

2. Environmental Monitoring Program ................................................................................................ 3

2.1 Scope of works ................................................................................................................................ 3

2.2 Methodology .................................................................................................................................... 3

3. Results of Environmental Monitoring .............................................................................................. 4

3.1 Reviewing on Environmental Report of TSO, SINOHYDRO ...................................................... 4

3.1.1 Summary of Contractor’s Environmental Report ................................................................ 4

3.2 Field monitoring by CSC/Local Environmental Specialist .......................................................... 4

3.2.1 Southern Line ........................................................................................................................... 4

3.2.2 Northern Line ........................................................................................................................... 9

4. Summary and recommendations ..................................................................................................... 9

4.1 Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 9

4.2 Recommendations ........................................................................................................................ 10

List of Annex

ANNEX 1: Environmental Monitoring Matrix ............................................................................................ 11

ANNEX 2: Status of EMP Compliance ........................................................................................................ 14



1. General Background

1.1 Project overall

The GMS Rehabilitation of the Railway in Cambodia (RRC) involves two lines, Southern

Line and Northern Line. Southern Line connected from Phnom Penh to Sihanoukville with

total length of 265 km, and Northern Line connected from Phnom Penh to Poipet (Thai

border) with total length of 386 km.

The project is under management of Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT). The

design and construction supervision consultant is NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD in association

with JARTS. The construction contractor for RRL1 (Southern Line) and RRL2 (Northern

Line) is TSO-AS & NAWARAT Joint Venture (France and Thailand), but for RRL1, JV

partners were changed to TSO-SPCC Consortium since October 21, 2011).

1.2 Project progress

The project activities include design, platform improvement, bottom ballast relay, sleeper

and track relay, sleeper tamping, top ballast relay, welding (for Southern Line), and

rehabilitation/reconstruction some culverts in both lines, rehabilitation of bridge in SL, and

reconstruction of drainage system in Sihanoukville Station.

Site observation for SL in this month indicated that all work activities including maintenance

works was completed on 25 January, 2014 as well. However, base course activities have

been constructing at Sihanoukville Container Terminal inside Sihanoukville Port.

The specific work outputs for this period are presented as follows:

RRL-1: Rehabilitation of Southern Line, the track from Bifurcation to Sihanoukville Port was

connected. From June 2013, most of the civil works were substantially completed. Taking

over certificate as of 15 July 2013 was issued on 10 August 2013.

ICB3-W3: Welding of P43 rails on SL: The works under the original scopes and integrated

rail management under Variation Order No 3 were totally completed.

ICB3-W17: Construction of Sihanoukville Container Terminal is on-going. The actually site

works was fully started in August 2013. The works in February 2014 are mostly

embankment, and production of interlocking concrete blocks (ICB) near the construction site

within the Port of Sihanoukville. To the end of February 2014, the work progress achieved

progress was only 20% and the accumulated progress to the end of February 2014 was

approximately 35%.

1.3 Purpose of the report

As full implementation of the IEE procedure of the project, the Environmental Specialists of

Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) have two main roles as following:

- Supervise the monitoring of implementing mitigation measure of the contractor

during the construction stage; and

- Submission of the Environmental Monitoring Report (EMR) to MPWT-PIU and ADB.



The environmental monitoring report is to follow up the contractor’s implementation on

environmental mitigation measure in construction stage as stated in EMP and other

environmental safeguards in construction contract documents. Guidance and instruction will

be prepared to enforce the contractor to follow the environmental mitigation measure as

stated in IEE report and construction contract documents.

2. Environmental Monitoring Program

2.1 Scope of works

The major tasks for the environmental monitoring in construction stage include:

Field monitoring on contractor’s environmental mitigation measure performance

in both project lines (Northern and Southern lines);

Guidance to Contractor’s personnel on environmental monitoring aspect, in the

field practice;

Recommend to TSO, SINOHYDRO to implement all EMP as stated in IEE report

and other environmental safeguards in construction contract documents; and

Instruct TSO/SPCC, SINOHYDRO to take an action to mitigate or rectify on

other issues that find out.

2.2 Methodology

At this stage, mainly site observations are conducted for monitoring the implementation of

environmental mitigation measures:

Site monitoring: Use environmental monitoring matrix, borrow pit matrix, hearing

(directly ask the question to the project workers and people living nearby the

project sites), and visual: During the field observation on environmental

mitigation measure that implemented or rectified by contractor (TSO/SPCC and

SINOHYDRO), the CSC/Environmental Specialist used the environmental

monitoring matrix for construction phase (Annex1). Visual and hearing

methodology also has been applied for other environmental monitoring items,

and degree of impact have be recorded and photograph to proof the impacts

(good or bad) are used.



3. Results of Environmental Monitoring

3.1 Reviewing on Environmental Report of TSO, SINOHYDRO

Referring to the specification was reported that the contractors must prepare the monthly

progress report for submission to CSC/Local Environmental Specialist for reviewing and

taken action to minimize reverse environment, whereas contractors did not prepare this

report.

3.1.1 Summary of Contractor’s Environmental Report

For this month there is no Environmental reports has sent by the contractors (TSO, SINOHYDRO), although we have suggested them to include the environmental issues in their monthly progress report based on the contraction.

During that time, the maintenance activities of TSO/SPCC was completed on 25 January,

2014, while embankment work activities at Sihanoukville Container Terminal is completed

and on-going sub-base and base course construction activities.

3.2 Field monitoring by CSC/Local Environmental Specialist

The task work includes follow up on the environmental issues and monitoring on

environmental activities of the contractors (TSO/Sinohydro) in both project lines (SL and

NL), and investigation on other environmental items that had been occurred by the project

construction activities.

The field observation was conducted on 2-3 March, 2014 at Southern Line for ICB3-W17:

Construction of Sihanoukville Container Terminal, while the other line at the Northern Line is

not activity, and TSO stopped all the activities and moved all project’s equipment from the

site since 21 July 2012.

The environmental issues and environmental mitigation measure were described in

following paragraph, and the field recorded is included environmental compliance (the detail

in Annex 2).

3.2.1 Southern Line

Site observation was carried out at the Southern Line, since it is located in the Port

Authority of Sihanoukville (PAS) for ICB3-W17: Construction of Sihanoukville Container

Terminal, at there, sub-base and base course construction activities was done. The results

of environmental condition can be described in following:

1. Leaks and spills of hazardous material: Improper oil/fuel container storage at

Sihanoukville for ICB3-W17: Construction of Sihanoukville Container Terminal (photo

1), the contractor (SINOHYDRO) should have provided a suitable tank. At the

workshops and storage area of Sihanoukville Container Terminal construction was

observed that (i) improper oil/fuel drum storage, (ii) insufficient housekeeping.



Photo 1 : leakage of lubricant oil at SHV Photo 2 : Construction material storage at SHV

2. Soil erosion: In generally no sign of soil erosion for Southern Line during the site

monitoring in this month, due to the site activities was finished for operation phase at

the end of January 2014 from Kampot to Sihanouk stations and most of the

embankment are covered by vegetation that naturally grew and grass planted by

contractor since July and August 2012. On the other hand, at the site construction of

Sihanoukville Container Terminal, it is accelerated works base course activity due to

this month is the dry season. Therefore, this area the soil erosion may be not occurred

at the place.

Photo 3 : At Takeo Station Photo 4: Base course activity at ICB3-W17

3. Borrow pits/quarries: By February 2014, it is observed that no all borrow pits activities

were used as construction materials for Southern Line project.

4. Water quality: During field observation there was not signed of water laden into the

rice field or water body nearby the embankment of the railway, due to the

implementation phase was completed. At construction of Sihanoukville Container

Terminal, top of sub grade activity is also nearly complete for ICB3-W17.

5. Air pollution: Based on the field observation can be noted that no dust and emission

air from any polluted sources.



6. Noise disturbance: Noise and vibration come from the construction machineries at

inter locking concrete block maker is loudly outside to the residential area; however,

earplug protection were provided to workers who are working at the place.

Furthermore, base course still have been done at Sihanoukville Container Terminal

and at daytime only, photos 5 & 6.

Photo 5 & 6: SINOHYDRO’s workers worked at inter locking concrete were provided ear plug

7. Waste management: The workshops and storage areas in Kampot station have been

cleaned. The platform space in Sihanoukville is well cleaned after removing of the

workers camps.

However, the solid waste management at Sihanoukville Container Terminal is still poor

managed and strewed on the space around the site photo 7 & 8.

Photo 7& 8: Poor waste management at SHV ContainerTerminal

Photo 9 & 10: Workshop in Sihanoukville (ICB3-W17)



8. Liquid waste generation/Drainage: In generally no sign of liquid waste generation

from the project during the site monitoring in this month, most of the work activities

were completed at Kampot and sihanoukville stations due to the maintenance stage

were completed at all.

For ICB3-W17 at Sihanoukville, however; no bathroom and toilet facility, the workers

are always bathing or excreting at improperly place in the open space in the

construction site (photos 11&12). Therefore contractor should have provided properly

bathroom/toilet facility at there.

Photo 11: Temporarily bathroom at SHV for

construction workers

Photo 12: No toilet at SHV, workers always go

to excreting here.

9. Traffic problem: During the field observation, the monitoring team did not see any

traffic congestion as well as accident that caused by the project activities.

10. Damage road and bridge: Damaged culvert or bridge was not found on date of field

environmental monitoring.

11. Adequacy of facilities/equipment for workers: SINOHYDRO’s workers/staffs that are

working at Sihanoukville Container Terminal were provided this kind of PPE to all

workers/staffs (photo 13&14).

Photo 13&14: SINOHYDRO’s workers were provided PPE at all

12. Safety: Generally, the workshops and storage places have been equipped with

extinguisher capacity of 8kg (at least 2 bottles), but in the workshops and storage



places of Construction for Sihanoukville Container Terminal have not equipped with

extinguisher, however; first aid kits were provided insufficiently (photo 15), according

site observation and question to the leader of group worker.

SINOHYDRO’s workers whom are working at inter locking concrete were provided ear

plug for prevention the noise disturbance from their machinery at the place.

Photo 15: First aid kits were provided

(ICB3-W17) Photo 16: Water bottle were provided at

construction site (ICB3-W17)

Photo 17: Base course activities at SHV

(ICB3-W17) Photo 18: Inter locking concrete activities

at SHV (ICB3-W17)

Basically, the certificate of mines/UXOs clearance completion and the mine/UXOs

clearance completion must be submitted the report to the project director of GMS:

Rehabilitation of Railway in Cambodia before the project implementation, which stated

that mines/UXOs had been removed and destructed with no accident encountered.

Unfortunately at SHV Container Terminal subproject there are two suspected

unexpected Ordnances in excavation activity on 8th November 2013 at the site work,

but these issues were resolved already.

13. Construction-related complaint: No any complains by letter/verbal from villagers/Local

authorities had been occurred during this observation.

14. Other issues: During this month no any issues has happened.

SINOHYDRO CORPORATION LIMITED’s representative has promised with

CSC/Environmental Specialist that they will provide PPE at all to the workers who are

working at inter locking concrete block maker. On the other hand, first aid kits were



provided, but insufficient medical equipment, and equipped with extinguisher will be

install if possible.

3.2.2 Northern Line

No activity in the Northern Line, TSO stopped all the activities and moved all project’s

equipment from the site since 21 July 2012. The environmental condition is same as

September 2012.

4. Summary and recommendations

4.1 Summary

The result on environmental monitoring in February 2014 can be concluded as following:

(1) During that time, it is also observed, the project has no significant impacts on the

environment and people as well. The implementation of the above mitigation

measures reduces the occurrence of the following negative impacts: damage to

existing structures, dust generation control, generation of wastes, safety and

health, traffic congestion, while the generation of employment is enhanced.

(2) No sign of soil erosion during the site monitoring during this month.

(3) No sign of water laden into the rice field or water body nearby the embankment of

the railway.

(4) At Container Terminal construction site are poor managed of solid waste, because

no garbage bin had been provided.

(5) There is not traffic problem during site monitoring.

(6) Workers/staffs of SINOHYDRO were equipped with PPE at all, e.g. workers whom

are working at inter locking concrete at SHV Container Terminal such as ear plug,

gloves and mask see the above photos.

(7) CSC had coordinated with SINOHYDRO’s staffs to deal with environmental issues

that occurred during the implementation stage.



4.2 Recommendations

As requirement of the EMP in IEE report and missing environmental mitigation measure or environmental improvement of Contractors during construction stage as well as the comments from ADB on EMR, the CSC’s environmental specialist recommends in following points:

1. Contractor must daily control scheduling of construction activities such inter locking

concrete at SHV Container Terminal to avoid any noise and vibration to villagers who living around the project area, doing locking concrete should only be done in day time;

2. Contractor must provide immediately eye glass, and musk to workers/teams are working with interlocking concrete block maker regulator machine as well as the workers whom are working around the machinery;

3. Contractor must immediately provide adequate/sufficient PPEs/safety tools to all project workers/staffs in appropriated working place/type, and ensure all the workers are properly use PPEs during working time. The workers no wearing properly PPE are not allowed to work in construction site;

4. Contractor must immediately provide adequate first aid kits to construction site;

5. Contractor must immediately inform any risks of mines or UXO are necessary during earthwork and do good cooperation with local de-mining authority CMAC or other local de-mining agency to deal on this issue;

6. Proper storage of toxic materials like fuel and oil;

7. Regular collection and disposal of spoils and excavated materials to designated location to avoid sedimentation/siltation of nearby water bodies;

8. Contractor should have provided/equipped with extinguisher capacity of 8kg (at least 2 bottles) to each construction sites.



ANNEX 1:

Environmental Monitoring Matrix



Project name: GMS: REHABILITATION OF THE RAILWAY IN CAMBODIA Environmental Monitoring Matrix (Construction Phase) Location: Kampot Station and Sihanoukville Container Terminal Inspection Date: 3-4 March 2014 (for February, 2014) Name of Inspector: Bun San

No. Description Impact Location Extent1 Mitigation Measures Degree

2 Remarks

3

1 Hazardous wastes generation; possible leakage and spillage of hazardous material

Fuel storage area; Construction site of SHV Container Terminal (Workshop & Storage material)

N

Storage area is sited away from watercourse, drains 4

Storage area has concrete floor, bund/dike, wall; pallets are used 1

Hazardous wastes handling and management training 2

Safety signal, posters 2

Cleanup equipment and procedure are in place 3

Key person in charge 3

2 Soil erosion Construction sites; Earthwork area

Slope design

Embankment at the site of SHV container terminal.

Compaction

re-vegetation

3 Borrow pit/quarry hazards Borrow pit/quarry areas (see separate matrix for all pits)

Slope

No need construction material from borrow pit at RRL1.

Depth (m)

Perimeter fences

Warning signs

4 Water quality; sedimentation

Project site

N

Dust-generating activities away from waterways 4

Drain discharges have low (suspended) solid 4

5 Water quality: floating wastes

Project site N

Proper waste disposal 2

Waste management training 2

Cleanup 2

6 Air quality: dust generation Project site; Access road; Community N

Water spray 4

Covers on transport materials, storage area 3

Mask for workers 2

7 Noise Project site

M

Ear muffs for workers 1

Insulation/muffler for noisy equipment 2

Noisy activities at daytime only 2

8 Solid waste generation Project site; Workshop

N

Solid waste management training for workers 2 Garbage bins are in place 1



No. Description Impact Location Extent1 Mitigation Measures Degree

2 Remarks

3

Disposal site/method identified 3

Signage, posters 2

Key person assigned 3

9 Liquid waste generation Project site; Worker camp

Liquid waste management training for workers

Workers camps were moved away due to the project completion.

Sanitary toilets for workers

Functional drainage canals

Signage, posters

Key person assigned

10 Traffic problems Access road; Level crossing

N

Signage, directions 4

Traffic barrier 4

Traffic management plan 4

11 Damage to roads, culverts, bridges

Roads; culvert; bridge

Proper planning/preparation

Immediate repair of damaged structures

12 Adequacy of facilities/equipment for workers

Project site

N

Potable water supply 2 No toilet facility at SHV Container Terminal construction site Washing/bathing water supply 2

Sanitary toilets 1

Comfortable sleep/rest quarters 2

13 Safety issues Project site

N

Information/training 3 First aid kits, and equipped with extinguisher capacity of 8kg were not equipped at the site Signage, posters 2

Safety tools for workers 4

First aid kits 2

14 Possible conflict with communities and complaints from residents

Project site; workshop

N

Coordination with communities/leaders 3

Key person assigned 3

Documentation and resolution of complaints 3

Note: 1 - Describes the magnitude of impact: write N-nominal/minimal; M- moderate; E- extensive

2 - Describes the quality of mitigating measure: write 5- excellence; 4- very good; 3- good; 2- poor; 1- very poor

3 - Provide specifics/details on problem identified (e.g., exact location, specific concern, etc.), additional necessary mitigation measures and

corresponding target date of implementation, and other observations.



ANNEX 2:

Status of EMP Compliance



Status of EMP Compliance (Construction phase)

Project Activity Potential Environmental

Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Status of Compliance

Embankments,

site clearing,

piling works, and

construction

wastes to spoil

sites

1. Dust generation

The Contractor will be required to formulate and implement a Dust Abatement Program that includes spraying of water on roads and work areas within villages close to the road in the coming dry season.

Vehicles transporting materials should be covered with tarpaulin or similar material

Regular sprinkling of water is being done.

Base course as potential source of dust and noise is far from the project area.

2.Noise and vibration

The Contractor should consider proper scheduling of construction activities particularly in sensitive areas. Acoustic barriers or enclosures for working areas should be provided

No complaints from the people have been received so far as proper scheduling of works is being done.





3. Water contamination

Waste/used oil should be collected, properly stored and disposed to an approved site (according to national standard). Storage should be in drums raised off the ground and properly covered to keep rain water out. Lining or pan should be provided to contain any spills and simplify clean up.

The Contractor shall prepare a Spill Management Plan (including measures to be taken and equipment to be used) to ensure adequate cleanup of any spills

The contractors were also advised to improve oil/fuel storage facilities.

4. Loss of agricultural

land for borrow pits The contractor will use only licensed borrow

operators. There will be no side borrow permitted, unless agreed to with roadside residents.

Being complied.

5.Generation of wastes

Sufficient garbage containers should be provided in construction camps and work sites

Employ regular disposal of waste in an approved landfill or site at SHV Container Terminal

Maintain cleanliness/orderliness at workshop and work sites

Poor waste management at construction site in SHV port for ICB3-W17.

6. Safety and Health The Contractor should formulate and implement a

Health and Safety Plan to protect both the public and the workers. A trained first aid personnel and health facility should be provided on site.

Provide potable water and sanitary facilities to workers

Install warning signs like “safety first” at the

PPE should be provided to workers at all

Facilities such as toilet, bathroom, first aid kits, and potable water are provided to workers.





construction area

Provide Protective Personal Equipment (PPE) to workers e.g. safety shoes, hardhats, earplugs, etc.

7. Risk of land mine or

UXO Consultative meetings with local communities are

necessary to know clearly where there are risks of mines or UXO.

Guidelines have been issues and contractors are proceeding with necessary screening.

Taken into account – The demining group investigated the presence of UXOs

UXOs found at SHV Container Terminal site were removed as an emergency measure. The contractor sent the team back to the area. This should be done and a Clearance Certificate will be issued upon completion.

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