environmental manager, b&w, kvb-enertec products
TRANSCRIPT
John Downs Environmental Manager, B&W PGG, KVB-Enertec Products January 29, 2015
Introduction
What is a CEMS?
Regulatory Drivers for CEMS
Quality Assurance of CEMS
Summary & Question
A continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) is the total equipment necessary for the determination of a gas or particulate matter concentration or emission rate using pollutant analyzer measurements and a conversion equation, graph, or computer program to produce results in units of the applicable emission limitation or standard.1
1http://www.epa.gov/ttnemc01/cem.html
What is Emission Monitoring? Emission Monitoring Main Components Include: CEMS Hardware
Data Acquisition and Handling System (DAHS)
Stack Sample Probe
• Data Recorded, Processed and EPA Report Generated
• Plant Monitoring Emissions for Site Performance
• Site Emission Report Electronically Delivered to Plant Manager
• Analyzers • Flow meters • Conditioning Equipment • Programmable Logic
Controller • DAHS Software
Sample Extracted
Data Flow
System Design Technology
Data Flow
Software Technology
Emissions Source
What is a CEMS/DAHS?
• System Functions – Sample Flow
» Extraction » Conditioning » Analysis
– Calibration » Via Sample Lines » Direct to Analyzers
– Back Flush » Clears the Probe Filter » Clears the Stinger
• Modular Design – Multi-analyzer Flexibility – Simplified Maintenance – Standardized
Components • Integrated DAHS
Sta
ck
Cal
Gas
es
Drain
Vent
Heated Sample Line
CO Analyzer
O2 Analyzer
Calibration Panel
Prog. Logic Controller
Turbine Controller I/O
Anal
yzer
Out
put
Alarm Signals
Analyzer Rack DAHS Equipment
Serial I/O
Valve Control
Modem
Computer Monitor Printer
DAHS
Software
Condensate Pump
Ammonia Scrubber
Sample Pump
Sample Dryer
Moisture Sensor
Sample Conditioner
CEMS Shelter
Back Flush Air Instrument Air Supply
NOX Analyzer
Probe
System Components … Full Strength Extraction Design
System Components … Dilution Extraction Design
Freeze Protected Sample Line
Prog. Logic Controller
DAHS Equipment
Serial I/O
Modem
Computer Monitor Printer
DAHS
Software Flow
Control Panel
Dilution Control Panel
Shelter
Instrument Air Supply
Probe
Calibration Panel
Particulate Filter
Coalescing Filter
Charcoal Scrubber
CO2 Scrubber
Air Clean-up Panel
Eductor Pump Air Supply
CO2 Analyzer
Prog. Logic Controller
NOX Analyzer
CO Analyzer
SO2 Analyzer
Stack
Cal G
ases
Dilution Air Supply
Vacuum Gauge
• System Functions – Sample Flow
» Dilution » Transport » Analysis
– Calibration » Via Sample Lines » Full System » Direct Inject
– Dilution Air Clean-up » Removes contaminants from
dilution air » Reduces system
maintenance • Modular Design
– Multi-analyzer flexibility – Simplified maintenance – Standardized components
• Integrated DAHS
• Dilution CEMS – Used when emissions are
higher or sticky • Extractive CEMS – Regulatory & Process Control • CFDS – Coal Fired Detection Systems • Opacity, particulates and stack flow monitoring • Closed loop and remote emissions control • DAHS – USA Part 60, 63, & Part 75
(Data Acquisition and Reporting system/software) • Predictive emissions monitoring systems • Mercury CEMS; HCl CEMS, others
In-Situ CEMS Laser Fence-line Over time, CEMS have evolved to meet
specific drivers ◦ TDL ◦ PM ◦ HG ◦ HCL
FTIR Extractive System
Typical Hot/Wet Sample Conditioning System
Stac
k
Heated Sample Oven
Heated Sample Pump
FTIR Analyzer
Calibration Gas
Exha
ust M
anifo
ld
Back Flush Air Instrument Air Supply
Heated Sample Probe
181 C Heated Sample Line
Inferometer
Pressure Regulator
Cal G
as
Gas Cell
Teflon or Glass coated tubing
Probe Material: Hastelloy or Inconel
Computer: FTIR SW
Process Gas
Transmitter Receiver Flanges
Calibration Cell
Purge Cell
Laser
Detector
Window
Particulate Matter (PM) CEMS – Analyzer Techniques and Suppliers Popular Techniques:
• Light Scattering (TML, Durag, Sick-Maihak, PCME) • BETA Gauge (Durag, MSI)
Other Technologies • Optical Scintillation (PCME)
(Commonly used for bag house leak detection) • Electrification or Triboelectric (Codel, Auburn, PCME)
– Cannot be used for MATS • Opacity monitors – Optical Density
(does not meet US EPA PS-11) – Cannot monitor PM mass and low PM levels
• Opacity Monitors are adversely affected by changes in Particle size, shape, density changes
Beta Gauge Extractive
Dust
Back Scatter In-Situ
Back Scatter Extractive
PM Measurement Methods
Facilities that are subject to MATS are required to meet Hg emissions limits
Methods for demonstrating compliance include: 1. Qualifying as a Low Emissions EGU 2. Installation of a Hg CEMS or 3. Install and certify Hg Sorbent trap monitoring
system
Mercury Analyzer
Instrument Air Supply
Cal Gas Port
Inertial Probe
(convert Hg+2 to
Hg0)
(works on partial pressures of Hg)
PLC
Heated Teflon Sample Extraction Line Elemental Mercury
Calibration Line
Dilution Module
HgC
l 2 C
al
Gas
Uni
t Bypass vent
NetDAHS
CEMS Flow Data
Regulatory Database
Thermal Catalyst
Cooling Air and Cal Gas Sample Dilution Air
(NIST traceable)
Elemental Mercury Calibration Unit
Vent
Stack
Sample
Eductor Air
Air Cleanup Panel
Chiller
DI water injection
DI water discharge
Dilution Air Blowback
Air (heated)
Carr
ier G
as
Paired trains required Two traps – Two Sample paths
Typical Sorbent Trap Monitoring System
Continuous Emissions Monitoring …the Hardware
Stack Sample Probe
•Analyzers •Flow meters •Conditioning Equipment •Programmable Logic
Controller
Software Technology
Utilities, refineries, many other Industry
Monitored Emissions means Information
Information Flow
•Data Recorded, Processed and EPA Report Generated •Plant Monitoring Emissions
for Site Performance •Site Emission Report
Electronically Delivered to Plant Manager
Signal Flow
Sample Flow
System Design
Introduction
What is a CEMS?
Regulatory Drivers for CEMS
Quality Assurance of CEMS
Summary & Question
Facilities install CEMS to satisfy: ◦ Permit Conditions ◦ NSPS requirements ◦ NESHAP requirements ◦ Acid Rain requirements
Excess Emissions Annual Emissions Inventory requirements NBP, CAIR, CSAPR reporting Process Controls – APC control
Introduction
What is a CEMS?
Regulatory Drivers for CEMS
Quality Assurance of CEMS
Summary & Question
Quality assurance (QA) is defined as an integrated system of management activities involving planning, training, quality control, assessment, data review, reporting, and quality improvement to ensure that a process, item or service is of the type and quality needed and expected by the user.
QA is a management function that deals with
setting policy and running an administrative system of controls to ensure the usability of the product (e.g., data).
Quality control (QC) is defined as a system of technical activities that measures the performance of a process, item, or service against a defined set of criteria or standards established by QA requirements.
QC is a technical function that includes activities such as calibrations and analyses of check samples (performance evaluation samples, duplicates, spikes, blanks, etc.) to assess the bias and precision associated with sample results.
The objective of the QAP is to establish a series of QA and QC activities that will provide a high level of confidence in the data reported by the monitoring system.
A QAP is typically implemented per the monitoring and reporting requirements for 40 CFR 75 and 40 CFR 60.
A QAP my intentionally provide overlap and redundancy with the plant activities to ensure the highest quality data validity and availability.
A QAP provides guidelines for implementing QA and QC activities.
QA plan is a contract Site owns the plan and is stating that this is
how they (the site) will maintain and ensure that their CEMS data is valid.
So what is in the plan? ◦ Descriptions of the QA requirements ◦ Document control ◦ Schedule of activities ◦ Procedures for conducting activities ◦ Manufactures maintenance schedules
40 CFR 60, Appendix B Each CEMS type has specifications that the
system must be designed to meet and demonstrate that it meets the specifications: ◦ PS-1 – Opacity ◦ PS-2 NOX and SO2 ◦ PS-3 O2 and CO2 ◦ PS-4, 4A, 4B – CO ◦ PS-11 – PM ◦ PS-12A & 12B – Hg CEMS, Hg STS ◦ PS-18 – HCL –(?)
Part 60 and Part 75 specify QA requirements Limiting the QA plan to exactly what is stated
in these two regulations may not result in an adequate QA Plan. ◦ Facilities must design their QA plan to meet the site
conditions ◦ To meet the site regulatory drivers ◦ To ensure compliance with these drivers
Introduction
What is a CEMS?
Regulatory Drivers for CEMS
Quality Assurance of CEMS
Summary & Question
exclusive provider of KVB-Enertec Products & Services 2849 Sterling Drive Hatfield, PA 19440 215-996-9200 [email protected]
© 2015 Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc. All rights reserved. .28
Thank you for your participation.
If you have additional questions please email them directly to John Downs at [email protected]