environmental management plan study for kangtangshiri hydro...

KANGTANGSHIRI HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN STUDYFOR KANGTANGSHIRI HYDRO ELECTRIC

PROJECT, ARUNACHAL PRADESH

WAPCOS LIMITED(A Government of India Undertaking)

76 C, Sector 18, Gurgaon - 122015, Haryana, INDIATel. +91-124-2397396,Fax. +91-124-2397392

Email: [email protected]

REVISED EMP REPORT

JANUARY 2014

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER-1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1.1 Introduction 1-11.2 Project Details 1-11.3 Salient Features 1-81.4 Construction Period 1-141.5 Land Requirement 1-14

CHAPTER-2 CATCHMENT AREA TREATMENT PLAN

2.1 Need for Catchment Area Treatment 2-12.2 Approach for the Study 2-22.3 Estimation of Soil Loss Using Silt Yield Index (SYI) Method 2-52.4 Watershed Management – Available Techniques 2-72.5 Catchment Area Treatment Measures 2-82.6 Cost Estimates 2-10

CHAPTER-3 COMPENSATORY AFFORESTATION ANDBIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION PLAN

3.1 Introduction 3-13.2 Compensatory Afforestation 3-13.3 Biodiversity Conservation 3-33.4 Budget 3-7

CHAPTER-4 FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PLAN

4.1 Introduction 4-14.2 Fisheries Status 4-14.3 Management Measures 4-24.4 Budget 4-2

CHAPTER-5 PUBLIC HEALTH DELIVERY SYSTEM

5.1 Introduction 5-15.2 Public Health Delivery System 5-15.3 Cost Estimates 5-3

CHAPTER-6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN LABOUR CAMPS

6.1 Introduction 6-16.2 Provision of Heating 6-16.3 Provision of Water Supply 6-16.4 Sanitation & Sewage Treatment Facilities 6-16.5 Solid Waste Management from Labour Camps 6-26.6 Provision of free fuel 6-56.7 Fire protection in Labour camp and staff colonies 6-66.8 Budget 6-86.9 Implementing Agency 6-8

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CHAPTER-7 MUCK MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.1 Introduction 7-17.2 Muck Generation and Disposal 7-17.3 Budget 7-4

CHAPTER-8 RESTORATION AND LANDSCAPING OF CONSTRUCTION SITES

8.1 Introduction 8-18.2 Quarrying Operations 8-18.3 Landscaping and Restoration Plan 8-18.4 Budget 8-2

CHAPTER-9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION

9.1 Introduction 9-19.2 Impacts due to Construction of Roads 9-19.3 Management Measures 9-29.4 Budget 9-4

CHAPTER-10 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN

10.1 Introduction 10-110.2 Need for Greenbelt Development Plan 10-110.3 Structure for Greenbelt Development 10-110.4 Scheme for Greenbelt Development 10-110.5 Budget 10-2

CHAPTER-11 CONTROLOF AIR POLLTION

11.1 Impacts on Air Quality 11-111.2 Mitigation Measures 11-111.3 Budget 11-311.4 Implementing Agency 11-3

CHAPTER-12 MEASURES FOR NOISE CONTROL

12.1 Impacts on Noise Levels 12-112.2 Mitigation Measures 12-1

CHAPTER-13 WATER POLLUTION CONTROL

13.1 Control of Water Pollution During Construction Phase 13-113.2 Control of Water Pollution During Operation Phase 13-1

CHAPTER-14 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS AND RESETTLEMENTAND REHABILITATION PLAN

14.1 Introduction 14-114.2 Study Objectives 14-114.3 Study Approach and Methodology 14-214.4 Project Affected Families 14-314.5 Socio-economic profile of the surveyed population 14-3

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14.6 Resettlement and Rehabilitation Principles 14-1214.7 Resettlement and Rehabilitation Interventions 14-1314.8 Estimation of Affected Land & PAFs 14-1314.9 Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan 14-1414.10 Institutional/ Administrative Arrangement

for Implementation of the R&R Measures 14-1914.11 Budget for R&R 14-23

CHAPTER-15 ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES

15.1 General 15-115.2 Energy Conservation During Construction Phase 15-115.3 Energy Conservation During Operation Phase 15-115.4 Energy Efficient Equipment 15-115.5 Budget 15-2

CHAPTER-16 LOCAL AREA DEVELOPMENT

16.1 Introduction 16-116.2 Local Area Development Plan 16-116.3 Budget for LADP 16-3

CHAPTER-17 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

17.1 The Need 17-117.2 Areas of Concern 17-117.3 Water Quality 17-117.4 Air Quality and Meteorology 17-217.5 Noise 17-217.6 Soil Erosion and Siltation 17-217.7 Ecology 17-317.8 Incidence of Water-Related Diseases 17-317.9 Landuse Pattern 17-417.10 Summary of Environmental Monitoring programme 17-417.11 Cost for Implementing Environmental Monitoring Programme 17-5

CHAPTER-18 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

18.1 Introduction 18-118.2 Dam Break Inundation analysis 18-118.3 Methodology 18-218.4 Results and conclusions 18-518.5 Disaster Management Plan 18-618.6 Manpower 18-1118.7 Cost Estimate 18-11

CHAPTER-19 COST ESTIMATES

19.1 Cost for Implementing Environmental Management Plan 19-1

ANNEXURES1) Annexure-I List of Project Affected Families (PAFs)2) Annexure-II Public Hearing Proceedings

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LIST OF TABLES

1) Table-1.1 Salient Features 1-82) Table-1.2 Land requirement for Kangtangshiri HEP 1-143) Table-2.1 Landuse pattern of the catchment area 2-34) Table-2.2 Criteria for erosion intensity rate 2-75) Table-2.3 Basis for selection of catchment area treatment measures 2-86) Table-2.4 Erosion intensity categorization as per SYI classification 2-87) Table-2.5 Area under different erosion categories 2-98) Table-2.6 Yearwise Cost Breakup for CAT Measures for Kantangshiri HEP 2-109) Table-3.1 Land requirement for Kangtangshiri HEP 3-110) Table-3.2 Ownership status of land to be acquired for Kangtangshiri HEP 3-211) Table-3.3 Cost of habitat improvement for avi-fauna in the study area 3-512) Table-3.4 Estimated cost of Biodiversity Conservation and Management Plan 3-713) Table-4.1 List of fish species in project area along with their common names 4-114) Table-4.2 Cost required for development of fish seed farm 4-215) Table-5.1: Details of Para-medical staff for dispensary 5-216) Table-6.1: Cost estimate for sanitary facilities for labour camps 6-217) Table-6.2: Chemical characteristics of municipal waste 6-218) Table-6.3: Composition of waste material in municipal refuse 6-219) Table-6.4: Cost estimate for solid waste management 6-520) Table-6.5: Cost estimate for LPG distribution for Staff 6-521) Table-6.6: Cost estimate for labour 6-622) Table-6.7:Cost estimate for provision of fuel 6-623) Table-6.8: Analysis of fire hazard in labour camps, colonies and other facilities 6-624) Table-6.9: Analysis of responsibility of EHS team in respect of Fire protection system 6-725) Table-6.10: Cost of fire protection in labour camps and staff colonies 6-826) Table-6.11: Cost estimate for implementation of various measures in labour camps 6-927) Table-7.1: Component-wise detail of muck to be generated 7-128) Table-7.2: Details of muck disposal areas 7-329) Table-7.3: Dimensions of muck disposal sites 7-330) Table-7.4: Break-up of cost for stabilization of muck disposal sites 7-431) Table-9.1: Details of expenditure for implementation of measures for management of

Impacts due to construction of roads 9-432) Table-11.1: Emission limits for DG sets prescribed by CPCB 11-233) Table-11.2: Cost estimate for implementation of air pollution control measures 11-334) Table-12.1: Maximum Exposure Periods specified by OSHA 12-235) Table-14.1 : Number of PAFs 14-336) Table-14.2: Distribution of surveyed population on the basis of religion 14-337) Table-14.3: Distribution of the surveyed families on the basis of Tribes 14-438) Table-14.4: Marital status of surveyed population 14-539) Table-14.5: Resident and non-resident population amongst PAFs 14-540) Table-14.6: Educational profile of the surveyed population 14-541) Table-14.7: Vulnerable population of the surveyed population 14-642) Table-14.8: Occupational profile of the surveyed population 14-643) Table-14.9: Livestock reared by surveyed population 14-844) Table-14.10: Ownership of agricultural implements and consumer durables by PAFs 14-845) Table-14.11: Structure of the household of the surveyed PAFs 14-946) Table-14.12 Source of energy for cooking of the of the surveyed PAFs 14-947) Table-14.13: Source of the Power Supply in the Surveyed PAFs 14-948) Table-14.14: Drinking Water Facility in the surveyed Population 14-1049) Table-14.15: Source of Drinking Water in the surveyed PAFs 14-1050) Table-14.16: Lavatory Facility amongst surveyed PAFs 14-1151) Table-14.17: Bathroom Facility in the household of PAFs 14-11

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52) Table-14.18 : Details of Project Affected Families 14-1453) Table-14.19 : Resettlement plan for Project Affected Families 14-1554) Table-14.20 : Scheme of MoTA identified for skill development of PAPs 14-1755) Table-14.21 : Summary of Area Development Activities 14-1956) Table-14.22 : Budgetary estimate for implementation of R&R Plan 14-2357) Table-16.1: Break-up of cost required for up-gradation of existing primary schools 16-258) Table-16.2: Details of scholarships 16-259) Table-16.3: Budget for up-gradation of PHSCs 16-360) Table-16.4: Budget for implementation of Local Area Development Plan 16-361) Table-17.1: Summary of Environmental Monitoring Programme during Project

Construction Phase 17-462) Table-17.2: Summary of Environmental Monitoring Programme during Project Operation

Phase 17-463) Table-17.3: Cost for Implementing Environmental Monitoring Programme during

construction phase 17-564) Table-17.4: Cost for Implementing Environmental Monitoring Programme during

operation phase 17-665) Table-18.1 Summary of wave profile in the event of Dam Break 18-666) Table-18.2: Status of Emergency 18-667) Table-18.3 Cost estimate for implementing DMP 18-1168) Table-19.1: Cost for Implementing Environmental Management Plan 19-1

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LIST OF FIGURES

1) Figure-1.1 Layout of Kangtangshiri HEP 1-132) Figure 2.1 Drainage Map for Kangtangshiri Catchment 2-23) Figure 2.2 Classified Imagery of the Catchment Area for Kangtangshiri HEP 2-44) Figure 2.3 Drainage Map of Kangtangshiri Catchment 2-55) Figure 2.4 Prioritisation of sub-water sheds for Kangtangshiri Catchment 2-96) Figure 2.5 Catchment Area Treatment measures for Kangtangshiri HEP 2-97) Figure 3.1 Nest Box 3-58) Figure 7.1: Cross-section of muck disposal Area-1 7-59) Figure 7.2: Cross-section of muck disposal Area-2 7-610) Figure 7.3: Cross-section of muck disposal Area-3 7-711) Figure 7.4: Cross-section of muck disposal Area-4 7-812) Figure 14.1: Distribution of male and female population in the PAFs 14-413) Figure 14.2: Land holding pattern of Project Affected Families 14-714) Figure 18.1 Inundation Map for Kangtangshiri Hydro-electric Project 18-12

Kangtangshiri Hydro Power Private Limited EMP Report

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CHAPTER-1PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1.1 INTRODUCTIONKangtangshiri Hydro Electric Project of Kangtangshiri Hydro Power Pvt. Ltd. is a run-of the

river project, located on Yargyap Chu with an installed capacity of 80 MW. The design

discharge of the proposed scheme is 94.86 cumec with the rated head of 92.94 m. The

proposed layout of the project has been finalized after studying various conceivable

alternatives in detail from techno-economical consideration. The design and project layout

optimization study has been carried out for proposed installed capacity.

The proposed layout envisages construction of the following structures on Yargyap Chu

River. Major project components like Head Race Tunnel and Adits, Desilting Chambers

Complex, Pressure Shaft, Adit-cum-surge Gallery, Power Intake and Underground Power

house, Transformer Cavern are located on Left Bank of the river and infrastructure

development facilities, office, colony, Muck dumping area etc. on Right bank of the River

1.2 PROJECT DETAILSLayout of Barrage/ Appurtenants and PowerhouseA barrage of 22 m height from river bed has been proposed at 790 m (Alternative site-2)

downstream of the confluence of Shilagamma Nallah and Yargyap Chu. The river bed level

at this location is at El.1880.0 m. The barrage comprises of a raised gated weir and sluice

bays adjacent to the intake. The crest level of sluice bays is kept at the river bed level to

keep the area near the intake relatively free of sediment deposit. The barrage portion

comprises of four bays of 6.5 m width each, separated by 3.0 m thick piers and one

contraction joint with double pier each of 3m thick has been provided at the centre of barrage

bays. The crest of raised weir is at El. 1883.0 m. Radial gates of 8.5 m height have been

provided along with breast wall and bottom of breast wall has been kept at El. 1891.5 m.

Two sluice bays of 6.5 m width and 8.5 m height each, separated by 3.0 m thick piers and a

twin

power intake to carry deign discharge + 20% additional as flushing discharge are also

provided for flushing out suspended sediments of size 0.25 mm and above, which will be

removed in sedimentation chamber. The under sluice bays are separated from barrage bays

by introducing double pier with contraction joint.

River Diversion ArrangementsThe capacity of the diversion flood for the diversion works has been worked out by the

criteria given in IS: 14815-2000 as;


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Maximum non-monsoon flow observed at the dam site

or,

25 years return period flow, calculated on the basis of non-monsoon yearly peaks.

The higher of the above two has been considered as the capacity of the design flood for

diversion and hence the diversion system has been designed to pass 1 in 25 years non-

monsoon flood of 935 m3/s.

The river diversion system comprises of;

diversion tunnel of Horse-shoe shaped section, 10.5 m diameter and 432.60 m long

on the left bank of Yargyap Chu

15 m high upstream cofferdam with rock fills, impervious central core and concrete

membrane on upstream slope

12 m high downstream cofferdam with rock fills, impervious central core and concrete

membrane on downstream slope

Diversion TunnelThe main concept of the diversion was to construct a diversion tunnel on the left bank of

Yargyap Chu. A Horse-shoe shaped diversion tunnel of 10.5 m diameter and 432.60 m long

with concrete lining up to 2.0 m from invert level has been provided to divert water around

the barrage. The left bank has been chosen as the topography and an exposed rock

outcrops concludes a tunnel with shorter length and considerable rock cover. The diversion

tunnel has been designed to pass 1 in 25 years non-monsoon flood of 935 m3/s.

Coffer DamsSuitable coffer dams located approximately 125 m upstream and 200 m downstream from

the barrage axis have been proposed. The free board of 1.0 m has been provided for

upstream and downstream coffer dams. The top width of the coffer dams has been kept as 6

m so as to provide sufficient space for movement of vehicles during construction of the

barrage. Coffer dams will be constructed as rock fill dam with an impervious central core.

Below the central clay core, permeation grouting of riverbed material up to about 2/3 of water

head in riverbed has been proposed to reduce the seepage of water.

The upstream face of the upstream coffer dam and downstream face of the downstream

coffer dam has been provided with concrete cladding.

At the upstream coffer dam location, the river bed level is at El. 1882.0 m approximately. The

upstream and downstream slopes have been proposed as 1.75(H):1(V) with the coffer dam

top at El.1897.0 m. The upstream coffer dam will be 15 m high with a base width of 58.5 m.

At the downstream coffer dam location, the approximate river bed level is at El. 1874.0 m

and the top level proposed is at El. 1886.0 m with an upstream and downstream slope of


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1.75(H):1(V). The downstream coffer dam has been kept 12 m high and about 48.0 m wide

at base.

BarrageThe diversion structure has been located across Yargyap Chu at 790 m downstream of the

confluence of Shilagamma Nallah and Yargyap Chu. The diversion barrage is designed for

permeable foundation. The river bed level at this location is at El. 1880.0 m.

A barrage of height 22.0 m from river bed level has been located at 790 m downstream of

the

confluence of Shilagamma Nallah and Yargyap Chu. The barrage comprising of a raised

gated weir and sluice bays adjacent to the power intake which is on the left bank. The crest

level of the sluice bay is kept at the river bed level (RBL) to keep the area near the intake

relatively free of sediment deposit. The RBL at this location is at El. 1880.0 m.

The barrage has been designed using Khosla’s theory assuming the foundation as

permeable. Cut-off walls have been provided at the upstream and the downstream ends of

the impervious floor taking into consideration scouring, uplift pressure and exit gradient. The

thickness of floor and exit gradient have been determined assuming FRL on the upstream

and no flow as well as HFL for standard project flood on the downstream.

Barrage BaysBarrage bays comprises of four bays of 6.5 m width each, separated by 3 m thick piers. The

crest level of the raised weir shall be at El. 1883.0 m. Radial gates of 8.5 m height each

along with 10.5 m high breast wall have been proposed over each bay.

The upstream impervious floor has a length of 70.0 m and for the downstream impervious

floor it is 66.0 m from the toe of the glacis. The bottom of the upstream, intermediate and the

downstream cutoff wall are kept at El. 1872.0 m, El. 1876.0 m and El. 1865.0 m respectively.

The total length of the impervious floor works out to 180.0 m. The value of exit gradient for

the worst case works out to 1 in 5.06, which is considered to be safe. To protect the alluvial

foundation from potential piping and scouring, flexible protection works are foreseen on both

the upstream and the downstream of the barrage. It comprises concrete blocks of 1500 mm

x 1500 mm x 1000 mm laid over 500 mm thick inverted filter.

Under Sluice BaysThe under sluice portion comprises of two bays each of 6.5 m wide and each bay shall be

separated by a 3.0 m thick pier. The crest level is kept at the RBL, i.e. at El. 1880.0 m. Two

numbers of 6.5 m wide x 8.5 m high radial gates have been proposed. The upstream

impervious floor has a length of 70.0 m and for the downstream impervious floor it is 66.0 m

from the toe of the glacis. The downstream floor length has been governed by criteria of


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ensuring the hydraulic jump formation within the stilling basin/ on the impervious floor. The

total length of the impervious floor works out to 180.0 m. The bottom of the upstream,

intermediate and the downstream cut-off wall are kept at El. 1872.0 m, El. 1876.0 m and El.

1865.0 m respectively as in the case of the barrage bays.

Energy DissipaterHydraulic jump type stilling basin has been proposed for energy dissipation. Except for the

design of free board which is to be designed for SPF, all other items can be designed for a

design flood of 100 year frequency. However, in the present case, the difference between

100 years frequency flood and SPF is very less and hence, the energy dissipater

arrangement has been designed for passing SPF. The stilling basin has been designed for

standard project flood of 2700 m3/ sec.

The HFL corresponding to standard project flood of 2700 m3/s works out to El. 1889.75 m at

downstream end of stilling basin. The downstream floor level works out to El. 1873.0 m. To

improve the performance of the jump type stilling basin and to ensure jump formation within

the basin, the latter has been supplemented with basin appurtenant, namely end sill.

Power IntakeA twin intake with bell mouth opening has been proposed on the left bank of Yargyap Chu to

draw the design discharge including 20% flushing discharge i.e. 94.86x1.2 = 113.8 m3/s.

The rock is available at considerable depth on left bank at a distance of 37 m upstream of

the axis of the diversion structure. Therefore, this location has been considered for side

Intake structure. The intake invert level has been kept at El. 1883.0 m, namely 3 m higher

than the River Bed Level of El. 1880.0 m. This is expected to prevent bed load and minimize

the suspended load entry into the intake. Moreover, the intake has been aligned at an angle

of about 100º with the weir axis to deflect the bed load away from the intake.

Provision has also been made for an automatic trash rack cleaning machine. The top of the

intake structure is at El. 1902.0 m.

The intake structure comprises four segments each of 6.0 m width. The total intake opening

area works out to (4 x 6.0x 8.5) 204.0 m2. The velocity of flow through the trash rack for the

intake design discharge of 113.8 m3/s, assuming 50% choking and 25% blockage due to

trash rack bars, works out to 1.488 m/s which is considered reasonable.

To minimize the head losses and to avoid cavitation two bell mouth openings have been

proposed. Each component shall have separate control and emergency gates.

Feeder TunnelsThe water from intake is diverted to twin underground desilting chambers through twin 6.0 m

concrete lined Horse Shoe-shaped feeder tunnels. The velocity through feeder tunnel will be


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of the order of 1.91 m/sec including 20% silt flushing discharge. The support system for

feeder tunnel is adopted same as for HRT.

The diversion tunnel will be cutting about 50.0m length of feeder tunnels and this segment of

feeder tunnel will be constructed after the closure of the diversion tunnel gate/ plugging. An

adit of 6.0 m diameter and 264.0 m long has been provided for construction of Feeder

tunnels from

the upstream of the coffer dam at El. 1902.0 m.

Desilting ChambersFor run-of-river hydroelectric project, to minimize the abrasion of the hydro-mechanical parts,

e.g. guide vanes, runner blades, seals etc. the sediment exclusion arrangement should be

so designed that the maximum possible quantity as well as size of sediment is excluded,

consistent with the cost of the structure. A system designed to exclude particles of size 0.25

mm and above should be considered adequate for most of the run-of-river schemes in the

country. In the present case also it is proposed to exclude particles of size 0.25 mm and

above.

Two nos. 12 m wide Desilting chambers with height of 22.1 m and length of 200 m have

been provided to remove 90% of particles having size greater than or equal to 0.25 mm. A

32.2 m upstream transition has been provided to reduce the velocity of water gradually in the

chamber to 0.3 m/sec. The chambers have been provided with central gutter to facilitate the

flushing of settled silt particles through the silt flushing tunnel. Separate silt flushing tunnel at

the end of each chamber shall join to form single silt flushing D-shaped tunnel of 2.0 m (W)

and 2.5 m (H), 126 m long, and it shall finally discharge the sediment back into the river

downstream of the barrage. Thus practically silt free water shall be led into the headrace

tunnel. The flow velocity in the combined flushing conduit will be more than 3.7 m/s which is

considered adequate to keep it free from sediment deposit. The desilting chambers are

connected to the head race tunnel through 4.5 m diameter, D-shaped connecting tunnels.

The connecting tunnels have been provided with gates to isolate one of the desilting

chambers from the other as and when needed. A gate operation tunnel has been provided to

operate these gates at the downstream of desilting chambers.

Each flushing tunnel has been provided with a gate to regulate the flushing discharge as well

as to isolate/close the individual flushing tunnel (in lean season), to be operated from a niche

provide in gate operation tunnel. A common passage from GOT with pressure doors has

been provided to access the midsection of two de-silting chambers for maintenance

purposes. A gate has been provided at the end of the silt flushing tunnel to avoid the silt

entry during flood.


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Head Race TunnelThe head race tunnel (HRT) shall be horse shoe-shaped and aligned on the left bank of

Yargyap Chu. While aligning the HRT the following points have been taken into

consideration:

Geological formation Adequate rock cover Clear of inhabitation Avoidance of sharp kink

Keeping in view the above considerations, the proposed HRT length works out to 371 m.

Two adits, 140 m and 421m long have been provided at the start and end of HRT

respectively.

Pressure ShaftAt end of the HRT, a 5.60 m diameter circular steel lined pressure shaft shall be provided.

The invert level of the HRT is at El. 1871.83 m at the junction of pressure shaft. The

pressure shaft consists of 10.0 m horizontal segment followed by 76.4 m vertical drop shaft

and again 32.5 m horizontal segment before bifurcating in to two 3.9 m pressure shafts,

suitably connected to main inlet valve of each unit of the power house. The center line of the

pressure shaft is at El. 1798.23 m. The steel lined section of pressure shaft is back filled with

concrete. To ensure proper contact of concrete with steel liner and rock, contact grouting will

be done in the pressure shaft through nipples provided in the liner.

Adit-4 of 7.0 m D- shaped and 430 m long has been provided for construction of pressure

shaft.

A connecting adit-5, 40 m long of the same size, between TRT and Adit-4, is provided for

construction of TRT.

Underground Powerhouse and Transformer CavernAn underground powerhouse has been proposed on the left bank of Yargyap Chu, which is

about 150 m upstream of confluence of Dohak Sokang Nalla with Yargyap Chu. The

dimension of the powerhouse cavern is determined by the dimension of the two (2) nos. of

40 MW Francis turbines, the generator and the associated ancillary plant. The units are

spaced at 16.50 m centre to centre and then the powerhouse size works out to 71.54 m (L)

x 18.0 m (W) x 43.50 m (H). The centre line of turbine is kept at El. 1798.23 m.

The minimum tail water level (TWL) is envisaged as EL 1802.23m for one unit running. One

number of electrically operated overhead travelling crane of 145T/ 25T capacity (EOT) is

provided for handling the heavy parts. The transformer units have been housed in a

separate cavern called transformer cavern adjacent to the powerhouse. Its size has been

fixed suitably to accommodate the transformer units and other associated applications and


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works out to 54.80 m (L) x 15.0 m (W) x 26.50 m (H). The hoisting arrangements of draft

tube gates has been located in the transformer cavern to allow any one turbine to be

dewatered for maintenance while by allowing the other one to continue generating.

Two draft tubes tunnels of 5.7 m diameter D-Shaped have been provided. It will extend up to

the

bottom of the transformer cavern and its gates will be operated from the transformer cavern.

From the transformer cavern, two D-shaped bus duct tunnels will be constructed at El.

1809.5 m to the powerhouse cavern at El. 1809.5 m and the size shall be 6 m (W) x 6 m

(H). One tunnel at the end shall be used as an approach tunnel to service bay and the size

of the approach tunnel shall be Dshaped 6 m (W) x 6 m (H). One D-shaped escape tunnel to

the transformer cavern shall also be provided at the same levels and its size shall be 4 m

(W) x 4m (H).

All excavations shall be done by drill and blast methods with rock support installed in line

with excavation and rock bolting shall be supplemented where necessary. Shafts shall be

forming using raise-boring techniques.

Tailrace TunnelWater emerging from the units shall be led into a tailrace tunnel through the draft tube

tunnels. A free flow D-shaped tailrace tunnel of size 6.0 (W) x 7.0 (H) m has been provided.

The invert level at the start of TRT has been kept at El. 1800.40 m while the outlet invert

level has been kept at El. 1800.3 m.. The HFL works out to El. 1806.5 m and El. 1814.0 m at

TRT outlet and MAT respectively. A connecting adit to tail race tunnel, takes off from the adit

to pressure shaft, for construction of TRT.

Adits, Ventilation and Main Access TunnelsAn adit cum ventilation tunnel of 6.0 m diameter and 126 m long has been provided to the

crowns of the transformer cavern and a branch of 104 m long has been provided to the

crowns of powerhouse cavern. This has a common entrance at El. 1820.0 m and is

branched off at El. 1824.0 m to the powerhouse cavern and the transformer cavern. Adit to

transformer cavern will be divided by brick wall to serve the purpose of ventilation tunnel and

cable tunnel.

A Main access tunnel (MAT) of 7.0 m diameter and 150.0 m long has been provided to

service bay level from the El. 1820.0 m. Switchyard

There is no flat terrace available to accommodate switchyard on the left bank of Yargyap

Chu. Therefore, switchyard is located at right bank of Yargyap Chu. The size of switchyard

has been worked out to 40 m x 30 m and developed by cutting and filling with supports.


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1.3 SALIENT FEATURESThe Salient features of the project are given in Table-1.1. The project layout map is given in

Figure-1.1.

Table-1.1 Salient Features of the project1. Location

State Arunachal PradeshDistrict West SiangDistrict Head Quarter AlongRiver/Stream River Yargyap chu, a tributary to SiyomLocation of Barrage site Near Kangtangshiri Village and 5 Km

from Mechuka Town2. Geographical Co-ordinates of Project

AreaLongitude 94o11’E to 94o13’ELatitude 28o33’N to 28o34’NAltitude ± 1900m to ± 1800 mAccess to the Project Near Kangtangshiri village and 5 Km

from Mechuka Town. West SiangDistrict, Arunachal Pradesh. Districthead quarter Along is 175 km.

Nearest Rail head Silapathar of Assam (330 km)Nearest Airport Dibrugarh of Assam (380 km)

3. HydrologyCatchment area at diversion site 810.0 km2

Annual Average Rainfall 2734 mmSource of Run-off Rain, snow and glacier meltAverage lean season flow (Dec.-Feb) 13.99 m3/sMinimum lean season flow 7.59 m3/sEnvironmental flow 2.82 m3/sAverage annual yield 2172 MCM90% Dependable yield 1849 MCM100-year Flood at diversion site 2632 m3/sStandard Project Flood at diversion site 2700 m3/s

4. River Diversion Arrangement25 years dry season design flood 935 m3/sDiameter of Diversion Tunnel 10.5m, Horse-Shoe shapedLength of Diversion Tunnel 432.6 mTop of upstream coffer dam 1897.0 mTop of downstream coffer dam 1886.0 mInvert of diversion inlet 1882.0 mInvert of diversion outlet 1874.0 m

5. Diversion StructureType Gated BarrageAverage River Bed Level EL 1880.0 mCrest Level of Barrage Bays EL 1883.0 mBridge Dock Level EL 1902.0 mBarrage Bays

No. of bays 4


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Width of each Bay Thickness of Piers Clear width of Barrage Bays Type and Height of Gate

6.5 m3 m38.0mRadial Gate of 8.5 m high

Under Sluice Bay No. of under sluice bays Width of Each Bay Thickness of Pier Clear Level of under sluice Bays Clear width of under sluice Bays Type of height of gate

26.5m3.0mEL 1880.0m19.0 mRadial Gates, 8.5 m high

Reservoir Full Reservoir Level (FRL) Minimum Draw Down Level

(MDDL) Live Storage

EL 1900.0 mEL 1891.5 m

0.46 Mm3

Energy Dissipation System

Length of basin from toe of slopingglacis in barrage bay

Length of basin from toe of slopingglacies in sluice bay

Total width of brain Cistern Level End Sill Level

Hydraulic Jump Type Stilling Basin

66.0 m

66.0 m

60.0 mEL 1873.0 mEL 1878.0 m

6 Power IntakeTypeSize of Intake

Invert Level of IntakeTrash Rack Type

Size of trash RackIntake Stop Log

Intake Service Gate

Side IntakeFour Bays each 6.0 m (W) x 8.5m (H)EL 1883.0 mMechanical Cleaning

4 nox. 6.0 m (W) x 8.5 m (H)1 no. Vertical lift Gate (6.0 m x 4.2 m)2 nos. Vertical lift Gate (6.0 m x 4.2m)

7. Feeder TunnelsTypeNumbersDiameterTotal LengthDesign Discharge with 20% flushingdischarge and 10% COLVelocity

Horse-Shoe shaped Concrete lined2 Nos.6.0 m392.46m & 318.27 m125.2 m3/sec

2.1 m/s

Adit-I to Feeder Tunnel from Intake side Size & Shape Length

6.0 m D-shaped260.0 m

8. Desilting ChambersType and numbers Underground, 2 nos.


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Size

Average Discharge through DCParticle size to be removedFlow through velocity

200.0 m (L) x 120.0m (W)x 22.1 m(H)114.78 m3/sec0.25 mm and above0.3 m/s

Adit-2 to bottom of Desilting chambers Size & Shape Length 6.0 m D-shaped

180.0 mGate Operating Tunnel

Size & Shape Length

6.0 m, D-shaped150 m

Silt Flushing Tunnel (Main)

Type Size Total Length

D- shaped concrete lined2.0m (W) x 2.5m (H)125.88 m

Silt Flushing Tunnel (Branch)

Type Size Total Length

D- shaped concrete lined, 2 nos.2.0m (W) x 2.0m (H)156.04 m, 137.31m

9. Connecting Tunnels Type Numbers Diameter Length

D-shaped, concrete lined2 nos.4.5 m172.39 m and 182.59 m

10. Head Race Tunnel Type Diameter Total Plan Length Slope Design Discharge Velocity

Horse-Shoe shaped, Concrete lined6.6 m370.87 m1(V): 61(H)94.86 m3/sec2.63 m/s

Adit-3 to HRT Size & Shape Length

6.0 m , D-Shaped140.0m

11. Adit-cum-Surge Gallery Type Size Length Slope Orifice Size Level of Intersection with HRT Top Level Minimum Up Surge Level

Restricted orifice typeHorse-Shoe shaped, 6.6m dia421.0 m1 in 114.25 m diaEL 1871.83 mEL 1910.0mEL 1905.4 mEL 1884.1 m


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Minimum Down Surge level12. Pressure Shaft

Type Nos.

Diameter Liner thickness Length Velocity in main Pressure Shaft Length of Twin Pressure Shafts

after Bifurcation Branch Pressure Shaft

Underground, steel linedOne no. starting from Head Racetunnel and bifurcating into two pressureshafts just before Power House.5.6 m circular shaped16mm118.9 m3.85 m/s24.7 m each

Circular 3.9 m diameter each

Adit-4 to Pressure Shaft Size & Shape Length

7.0 m , D-shaped430.0 m

13. Power House Complex Type of Power House Installed Capacity HFL (10000 year return period) Normal Tail Water Level Minimum Tail Water Level Rated head Design discharge Size of Power house cavern

(including Service bay)

Size of Transformer Cavern

Underground2x40 WEL 1814.0 mEL 1805.0 mEL 1802.23m92.94m94.86 m3/sL= 71.54mW=18.0 mH= 43.5 mL= 54.8 mW=15.0 mH= 26.5 m

14. Tail Race TunnelShapeSize & ShapeLength

D-shaped6.0 (W) x 7.0 (H)221.0 m

Adit-5 connecting b/w TRT and Adit-4 Size & Shape Length 7.0m, D-shaped

40.0 m15. Main Access Tunnel

Size & Shape Length

7.0m, D-shaped150.0 m

16. E&M Equipment Turbines Type No. & Capacity Rated head Speed Overloading

Vertical Axis Francis2x40 MW92.94 m250 rpm10%


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17. Power Generation Installed Capacity Design Energy (in 90% dependable

year with 95% M/c availability)

80 MW353.81 GWh

18. Estimated Cost Civil Work E&M Works

452.48 Crores156.00 Crores

19. Estimated Cost-For Tariff Calculation Escalation on Civil Works Escalation on E&M Works Interest During Construction Financing Charges Project Cost Including Escalation,

IDC &FC

43.60 Crore5.93 Crore68.33 Crore5.38 Crore731.72 Crore

20. Financial AspectsLevellized Tariff (10.73% Discounting)Tariff for Block of 1st Five Years

Rs. 4.23/kWhRs. 4.84/ kWh


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Figure-1.1: Layout of Kangtangshiri HEP


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1.4 CONSTRUCTION PERIODThe construction period of the project is 39 months.

1.5 LAND REQUIREMENTThe land requirement for the project is 37.31 ha, out of this about 18.56 ha of forest area

including 5 ha of river bed, 16.05 ha of non-forest land and about 2.7 ha of underground land is

also to be acquired for the project. The details are given in Table-1.2.

Table-1.2 : Land required for Kangtangshiri HEPS.

No.Components Total

Area(ha)

Forest Land Area(Ha)

Non-ForestLand

Area (ha)

Underground Area

(ha)SurfaceLandArea(ha)

RiverBedArea(ha)

1 Barrage Complex 3.3 2.1 0.5 0.7 -2 Reservoir Area 9.5 3.8 4.5 1.2 -3 Project Office 0.7 - - 0.7 -4 Permanent Colony 2.5 - - 2.5 -5 Temporary Colony 1.5 - - 1.5 -6 Contractor's Colony 1.1 - - 1.1 -7 Workshop & Store 1 - - 1 -8 Material Storage Area 1 - - 1 -9 Crushing Plant 1 0.1 - 0.9 -

10 Batching Plant 1 0.2 - 0.8 -11 Muck Dumping Area 5 2.63 - 2.37 -12 Project Road Area

including Switchyard andOffice Site near PowerHouse

6 3.72 - 2.28 -

13 Magazine Area 0.01 0.01 - - -14 Portal Area (Main

Access Tunnel, CableTunnel, VentilationTunnel & TailraceTunnel)

1 1 - - -

Underground Structure15 Underground Works 2.7 - - - 2.7

Total 37.31 13.56 5 16.05 2.7


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CHAPTER-2

CATCHMENT AREA TREATMENT PLAN

2.1 NEED FOR CATCHMENT AREA TREATMENT

It is a well-established fact that reservoirs formed by dams and barrages on rivers are

subjected to sedimentation. The process of sedimentation embodies the sequential

processes of erosion, entrainment, transportation, deposition and compaction of sediment.

The study of erosion and sediment yield from catchments is of utmost importance as the

deposition of sediment in reservoir reduces its capacity, and thus affecting the water

availability for the designated use. The eroded sediment from catchment when deposited on

streambeds and banks causes braiding of river reach. The removal of top fertile soil from

catchment adversely affects the agricultural production. Thus, a well-designed Catchment

Area Treatment (CAT) Plan is essential to ameliorate the above-mentioned adverse process

of soil erosion

Soil erosion may be defined as the detachment and transportation of soil. Water is the major

agent responsible for this erosion. In many locations, winds, glaciers, etc. also cause soil

erosion. In a hilly catchment area, as in the present case erosion due to water is a common

phenomenon and the same has been studied as a part of the Catchment Area Treatment

(CAT) Plan.

The Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) plan highlights the management techniques to control

erosion in the catchment area. Life span of a reservoir in case of a seasonal storage dams

and barrages is greatly reduced due to erosion in the catchment area. The catchment area

intercepted at the diversion structure of Kangtangshiri barrage site is 810 km2. The

catchment area intercepted at the diversion structure of Pemashelphu barrage site is 368

km2. The catchment area considered for treatment is about (810-368=442 km2) 44200 ha.

The sub-watersheds in the catchment area considered for the present study are given in

Figure-2.1

The catchment area treatment involves

Understanding of the erosion characteristics of the terrain and, Suggesting remedial measures to reduce the erosion rate.

In the present study `Silt Yield Index’ (SYI), method has been used. In this method, the

terrain is subdivided into various watersheds and the erodibility is determined on relative

basis. SYI provides a comparative erodibility criteria of catchment (low, moderate, high, etc.)

and do not provide the absolute silt yield. SYI method is widely used mainly because of the

fact that it is easy to use and has lesser data requirement. Moreover, it can be applied to

larger areas like sub-watersheds, etc.


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2.2 APPROACH FOR THE STUDYA detailed database on natural resources, terrain conditions, soil type of the catchment area,

socio-economic status, etc. is a pre-requisite to prepare treatment plan keeping in view the

concept of sustainable development. Various thematic maps have been used in preparation

of the CAT plan. Due to the spatial variability of site parameters such as soils, topography,

land use and rainfall, not all areas contribute equally to the erosion problem. Several

techniques like manual overlay of spatially index-mapped data have been used to estimate

soil erosion in complex landscapes.

Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computerized resource data base system, which

is referenced to some geographic coordinate system. In the present study, real coordinate

system has been used. The GIS is a tool to store, analyze and display various spatial data.

In addition, GIS because of its special hardware and software characteristics, has a capacity

to perform numerous functions and operations on the various spatial data layers residing in

the database. GIS provides the capability to analyze large amounts of data in relation to a

set of established criteria.

In order to ensure that latest and accurate data is used for the analysis, satellite data has

been used for deriving land use data and ground truth studies too have been conducted.

The various steps covered in the study are as follows:


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Data acquisition Data preparation Output presentation

The above mentioned steps are briefly described in the following paragraphs.

2.2.1 Data AcquisitionThe requirement of the study was first defined and the outputs expected were noted. The

various data layers of the catchment area used for the study are as follows:

Slope Map Soil Map Land use Classification Map Current Management Practices Catchment Area Map.

2.2.2 Data PreparationThe data available from various sources was collected. The ground maps, contour

information, etc. were scanned, digitized and registered as per the requirement. Data was

prepared depending on the level of accuracy required and any corrections required were

made. All the layers were geo-referenced and brought to a common scale (real coordinates),

so that overlay could be performed. A computer programme was used to estimate the soil

loss. The formats of outputs from each layer were firmed up to match the formats of inputs in

the program. The grid size to be used was also decided to match the level of accuracy

required, the data availability and the software and time limitations. The format of output was

finalized. Ground truthing and data collection was also included in the procedure.

For the present study Resourcesat-2 LISS III digital satellite data was used for interpretation

& classification. The classified land use map of the catchment area considered for the study

is shown as Figure-2.2. The land use pattern of the catchment is summarized in Table-2.1.

Table-2.1: Landuse pattern of the catchment areaCategory Area (ha) PercentageDense Vegetation 10996 24.88Open Vegetation 22340 50.54Barren/Open Land 2726 6.17Snow 7413 16.77Agricultural Land 271 0.61River/ Water body 439 0.99Settlements 15 0.04Total 44200 100.00


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Digitized contours from toposheets were used for preparation of Digital Elevation Model

(DEM) of the catchment area and to prepare a slope map. The first step in generation of

slope map is to create surface using the elevation values stored in the form of contours or

points. After marking the catchment area, all the contours on the toposheet were digitized

(100 m interval). The output of the digitization procedure was the contours as well as points

contours in form of x, y & z points. (x, y location and their elevation). All this information was

in real world coordinates (latitude, longitude and height in meters above sea level).

A Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of the area was then prepared, which was used to derive a

slope map. The slope was divided in classes of slope percentages. The slope map is

enclosed as Figure-2.3.


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Various layers thus prepared were used for Modeling. Software was prepared to calculate

the soil loss using input from all the layers.

2.2.3 Output PresentationThe result of the modeling was interpreted in pictorial form to identify the areas with high soil

erosion rates. The primary and secondary data collected as a part of the field studies were

used as an input for the model.

2.3 ESTIMATION OF SOIL LOSS USING SILT YIELD INDEX (SYI) METHODThe Silt Yield Index Model (SYI), considering sedimentation as product of erosivity,

erodibility and arial extent was conceptualized in the All India Soil and Land Use Survey

(AISLUS) as early as 1969 and has been in operational use since then to meet the

requirements of prioritization of smaller hydrologic units.

The erosivity determinants are the climatic factors and soil and land attributes that have

direct or reciprocal bearing on the unit of the detached soil material. The relationship can be

expressed as:

Soil erosivity = f (Climate, physiography, slope, soil parameters, land use/land cover, soil

management)


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Silt Yield IndexThe Silt Yield Index (SYI) is defined as the Yield per unit area and SYI value for hydrologic

unit is obtained by taking the weighted arithmetic mean over the entire area of the hydrologic

unit by using suitable empirical equation.

Prioritization of Watersheds/Subwatersheds:The prioritization of smaller hydrologic units within the vast catchments are based on the Silt

Yield Indices (SYI) of the smaller units. The boundary values or range of SYI values for

different priority categories are arrived at by studying the frequency distribution of SYI values

and locating the suitable breaking points. The watersheds/ sub-watersheds are subsequently

rated into various categories corresponding to their respective SYI values.

The application of SYI model for prioritization of sub watersheds in the catchment areas

involves the evaluation of:

a) Climatic factors comprising total precipitation, its frequency and intensity,

b) Geomorphic factors comprising land forms, physiography, slope and drainage

characteristics,

c) Surface cover factors governing the flow hydraulics and

d) Management factors.

The data on climatic factors can be obtained for different locations in the catchment area

from the meteorological stations whereas the field investigations are required for estimating

the other attributes.

The various steps involved in the application of model are:

- Preparation of a framework of sub-watersheds through systematic delineation

- Rapid reconnaissance surveys on 1:50,000 scale leading to the generation of a map

indicating erosion-intensity mapping units.

- Assignment of weightage values to various mapping units based on relative silt-yield

potential.

- Computing Silt Yield Index for individual watersheds/sub watersheds.

- Grading of watersheds/sub watersheds into very high, high medium, low and very

low priority categories.

The area of each of the mapping units is computed and silt yield indices of individual sub

watersheds are calculated using the following equations:

a. Silt Yield Index

SYI = (Ai x Wi ) x 100 ; where i = 1 to nAw

WhereAi = Area of ith unit (EIMU)Wi = Weightage value of ith mapping unit


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n = No. of mapping unitsAw = Total area of sub-watershed.

The SYI values for classification of various categories of erosion intensity rates are given in

Table-2.2.

Table-2.2 Criteria for erosion intensity ratePriority categories SYI ValuesVery high > 1300High 1200-1299Medium 1100-1199Low 1000-1099Very Low <1000

2.4 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT – AVAILABLE TECHNIQUESWatershed management is the optimal use of soil and water resources within a given

geographical area so as to enable sustainable production. It implies changes in land use,

vegetative cover, and other structural and non-structural action that are taken in a watershed

to achieve specific watershed management objectives. The overall objectives of watershed

management programme are to:

- increase infiltration into soil;

- control excessive runoff;

- Manage & utilize runoff for useful purpose.

Following Engineering and Biological measures have been suggested for the catchment

area treatment.

1. Engineering measures- Step drain- Angle iron barbed wire fencing- Stone masonry- Check dams

2. Biological measures- Development of nurseries- Plantation/afforestation- Pasture development- Social forestry

The basis of site selection for different biological and engineering treatment measures under

CAT are given in Table-2.3.


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Table-2.3: Basis for selection of catchment area treatment measuresTreatment measure Basis for selection

Social forestry, fuel wood andfodder grass development

Near settlements to control tree felling

Contour Bunding Control of soil erosion from agricultural fields.Pasture Development Open canopy, barren land, degraded surfaceAfforestation Open canopy, degraded surface, high soil erosion,

gentle to moderate slopeBarbed wire fencing In the vicinity of afforestation work to protect it from

grazing etc.

Step drain To check soil erosion in small streams, steps withconcrete base are prepared in sloppy area where silterosion in the stream and bank erosion is high due toturbidity of current.

Nursery Centrally located points for better supervision ofproposed afforestation, minimize cost of transportationof seedling and ensure better survival.

2.5 CATCHMENT AREA TREATMENT MEASURESThe total catchment area is 44200 ha. The erosion category of various watersheds in the

catchment area as per a SYI index is given in Table-2.4. The details are shown in Figure-

2.4. The area under different erosion categories is given in Table-2.5.

Table-2.4: Erosion intensity categorization as per SYI classificationWatershed number Area SYI values CategoryW1 2490 1210 HighW2 2634 1220 HighW3 1295 1210 HighW4 2304 1230 HighW5 1670 1210 HighW6 3676 1230 HighW7 2065 1150 MediumW8 2490 1150 MediumW9 3906 1210 HighW10 2812 1130 MediumW11 2080 1150 MediumW12 2777 1140 MediumW13 2955 1120 MediumW14 2599 1140 MediumW15 3104 1160 MediumW16 2098 1180 MediumW17 3245 1180 MediumTotal 44200


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Table-2.5: Area under different erosion categoriesCategory Area (ha) PercentageVery low - -Low - -Medium 26225 59.33High 17975 40.67Very High - -Total 44200 100.00

The objective of the SYI method is to prioritize sub-watershed in a catchment area for

treatment. The total area under high erosion category is 17976 ha. The various measures

suggested for catchment area treatment are mentioned in Figure-2.5, expenses of which

have to be borne by the project proponents.


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2.6 COST ESTIMATEThe cost required for Catchment Area Treatment is Rs. 690.5 lakh. The details are given in

Table -2.6.Table-2.6: Yearwise Cost Break up for CAT Measures for Kantangshri HEP

Measure

Year-I Year-II Year-III Total

PhysicalFinancial(Rs. lakh) Physical

Financial(Rs. lakh) Physical

Financial(Rs. lakh) Physical

Financial(Rs. lakh)

Gap Plantation 200 ha 100 200 ha 100 100 ha 50 500 ha 250Afforestation 125 ha 125 100 ha 100 100 ha 100 325 ha 325Nurserydevelopment

2 No. 8.0 - - - - 2 No. 8.0Maintenance ofnursery

- - - 3.6 - 3.6 - 7.2Barbed wirefencing

1 km 1.0 1 km 1.0 1 km 1.0 3 km 3.0Watch andward for 3years for 5persons

60 man-month 3.6

60 man-month 3.6

60 man-month 3.6

180man-month 10.8

Contourbunding 40 No. 14 40 No. 14 30 No. 10.5 110 No. 38.5Check dam 12 No. 24 12 No. 24 - - 24 No. 48.0

Total 275.6 246.2 168.7 690.5


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CHAPTER-3COMPENSATORY AFFORESTATION AND BIODIVERSITY

CONSERVATION PLAN

3.1 INTRODUCTIONConservation is the sustainable use of natural resources, so that it is preserved for future

generation as well. Natural conservation involves proper management of natural wealth,

places that sustain these resources besides the human pressure that affect the resources.

The need for conservation, preservation and management of biological diversity arises

because of threats to natural ecosystems by anthropogenic activities. In view of the foreseen

disturbance and degradation of natural ecosystems, a compensatory afforestation plan and

biodiversity conservation and management plan has been proposed for Kangtangshiri

hydroelectric project.

3.2 COMPENSATORY AFFORESTATIONThe Forest Department of Arunachal Pradesh is responsible for conservation and

Management of forests in the state. The objective of the compensatory afforestation is to

make up for the loss of forest land proposed to be utilized for construction of the proposed

Kangtangshiri hydroelectric project. The other objectives are to combat soil erosion,

afforestation and last but not least to maintain and improve the ecological and environmental

balance.

3.2.1 Impacts on ForestThe total land required for the project is 37.31 ha. A part of this land is required for labour

camps, quarry sites, muck disposal storage of construction material, siting of construction

equipment, which will be required temporarily and returned once the construction phase is

over. Permanent acquisition of land is required for barrage axis, submergence area, project

colony, etc. The details of land required for various project appurtenances is given in Table-

3.1. The ownership-wise status is given in Table-3.2.

Table-3.1: Land requirement for Kangtangshiri HEPS.

No.Components Total

Area (ha)Forest Land Area

(Ha)Non-

ForestLandArea(ha)

Underground Area

(ha)SurfaceLand

Area (ha)

RiverBed Area

(ha)1 Barrage Complex 3.3 2.1 0.5 0.7 -2 Reservoir Area 9.5 3.8 4.5 1.2 -3 Project Office 0.7 - - 0.7 -4 Permanent Colony 2.5 - - 2.5 -5 Temporary Colony 1.5 - - 1.5 -6 Contractor's Colony 1.1 - - 1.1 -7 Workshop & Store 1 - - 1 -8 Material Storage Area 1 - - 1 -9 Crushing Plant 1 0.1 - 0.9 -


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S.No.

Components TotalArea (ha)

Forest Land Area(Ha)

Non-ForestLandArea(ha)

Underground Area

(ha)SurfaceLand

Area (ha)

RiverBed Area

(ha)10 Batching Plant 1 0.2 - 0.8 -11 Muck Dumping Area 5 2.63 - 2.37 -12 Project Road Area

including Switchyardand Office Site nearPower House

6 3.72 - 2.28 -

13 Magazine Area 0.01 0.01 - - -14 Portal Area (Main

Access Tunnel, CableTunnel, VentilationTunnel & TailraceTunnel)

1 1 - - -

UndergroundStructure

15 Underground Works 2.7 - - - 2.7Total 37.31 13.56 5 16.05 2.7

Table-3.2: Ownership status of land to be acquired for Kangtangshiri HEPS. No. Type of land Area (ha)1 Forest land 13.562 Unclassified State Forest (River bed area) 5.003 Community Agricultural land 18.75

Total 37.31

It can be observed from Table-3.2, that about 13.56 ha of forest land (with forest cover) and

18.75 ha of community agricultural land. About 5 ha of river bed area, which is designated as

unclassified state forest land in Arunachal Pradesh will also be acquired.

The forest in the area has already been degraded due to a large-scale human interference.

Though the project area is located in an ecologically sensitive area, the forests in and

around the project area is quite degraded. The tree density in the dam site, submergence

area and power house is about 180 and 260 trees/ha respectively. Normally in a dense

forest, tree density is of the order of 1000-1200 trees/ha. Thus, in land to be acquired for the

project, the tree density is low to moderate. Likewise, no rare and endangered species are

observed in the forest to be acquired for the project. Thus, no adverse impacts are

anticipated on this account.

3.2.2 Compensatory AfforestationThe Forest Department of Arunachal Pradesh is responsible for conservation and

Management of forests in the state. The objective of the compensatory afforestation is to

make up for the loss of forest land proposed to be utilized for construction of the proposed

Kangtangshiri hydroelectric project. The other objectives are to combat soil erosion,


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afforestation and last but not least to maintain and improve the ecological and environmental

balance.

About 13.56 ha of forest land and 18.75 ha of community agricultural land 5 ha of river bed

area, which is designated as unclassified state forest land in Arunachal Pradesh will also be

acquired.

The Indian Forest Conservation Act (1980) stipulates:

- If non-forest land is not available, compensatory plantation is to be established on

degraded forest lands, which must be twice the forest area affected or lost.

- If non-forest land is available, compensatory forest are to be raised over an area

equivalent to the forest area affected or lost.

The land to be acquired for the project including submergence area and other project

appurtenances is about 37.31 ha, of which about 18.56 ha is the forest land. Now forest land

is identified for afforestation, it is proposed to afforest equivalent the forest land being

acquired for the project. Thus, a total of 18.56 ha of land needs to be afforested. The

afforestation work is to be done by the Forest Department.

The total expenditure required for afforestation as per the estimation of the Forest

Department under forest diversion proposal of 18.56 ha will be Rs. 30.01 lakh, NPV of

121.93 Lakhs and cost of trees to be paid to Forest Department.

During the study in various seasons at the proposed Kangtangshiri HE project, and following

IUCN Red List of threatened plant, none of the species falls under the IUCN Red Data List

category. However, only two species of herb Aconitum ferox and Picrorhiza kurroa fall in the

vulnerable category as per the Botanical Survey of India. These two species are well-known

herb in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. It is proposed to include these species as a part

of species under afforestation programmes. It is proposed to monitor the status of growth of

these species as a part of monitoring of afforestation programmes

3.3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATIONThe project area did not have any threatened category of species as classified by IUCN.

3.3.1 Habitat Improvement ProgrammeHabitat improvement programme is an integral part of biodiversity management. This

programme consists of bringing into useful association of those condition needed by a

species to reproduce and survive. The following activities have been proposed for habitat

improvement programme:

Afforestation: Area under forest and tree cover will be expanded through systematic

planning and implementation of afforestation and rehabilitation programme in degraded and

open forests and available non forest lands.

Regeneration of felled areas will be ensured in a time bound manner and productivity of

plantations will be increased through use of improved seeds and planting stock. The


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indigenous fruit bearing plants, vital from wildlife point of view are proposed to be planted so

as to enrich the habitat & ensure the sufficient availability of food. Monoculture will be

discouraged and mixed plantations of broad-leaved fodder, fuel wood and wild fruit species

will be promoted. This activity will increase forest cover and will provide habitat to the

animals. Afforestation programme in the degraded Forest Compartments, is proposed to be

carried out and species for this shall be finalized by the Forest Department. An amount of

Rs. 5.5 lakh has been earmarked for this purpose.

Avi-fauna : Forests are vital for the survival, foraging, breeding and nesting of avifauna.

Natural forests provide a variety of food materials to the birds not only in the form of nectar

of flowers, fruits, seeds etc. in the trees, shrubs, herbs and grasses but they also contain a

large number of insects eaten by birds. In the forests, food is always available for the faunal

component. Although most floral species flower during spring through summer but fruit

maturation and seed ripening takes place in them throughout the year. Therefore, first

strategy of improvement of habitat for birds is avoiding nest predation or brood parasitism

through maintenance of large contiguous forest tract. These areas have the ability to support

the largest number of forest interior birds and will also be more likely to provide habitat for

area sensitive species. It is more practicable to protect the existing forest area rather than

creating new forest area.

Another measure for habitat improvement for avifauna is to be installation of artificial nest

boxes in the influence zone and catchment area of the project after consultation with the

forest department as well as local NGOs. These nest boxes has been found to be quite

beneficial for attracting hole nester birds. The size and capacity of boxes vary from one

species to another.

Feature of a Nest Box:The characteristic features of nest box are listed below and shown in Figure-3.1.

Untreated wood (Jamun, mango, pine, cedar or fir) Thick walls (at least ¾ inches) Extended, sloped roof Rough or grooved interior walls Recessed floor, coated with primer and paint Drainage holes Ventilation holes Easy access for monitoring and cleaning Sturdy construction No outside perches

The entrance hole should have a 2-inch diameter and 6 inch depth from entrance hole. Nest

boxes are placed on trees at height from 10-12 ft. Such nest boxes designs have been used

with success.


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Figure-3.1: Nest Box

It is proposed that one qualified person be hired for a period of five years. An amount of

Rs.19.49 lakh can be earmarked for habitat improvement of avi-fauna in the study area. The

details are given in Table-3.3.

Table-3.3: Cost of habitat improvement for avi-fauna in the study areaS. No. Particulars Amount (Rs. lakh)

A Non-recurring Cost1 Afforestation-for habitate improvement 5.52 Cost of nests of different sizes (10”x10” to 20”x20”;

average cost Rs. 1000 per wooden box) andinstallation in the area along with the green belt (100)

1.00

3 Repair and maintenance of the nests 2.00B Recurring Cost (for 5 years)1 Salary for one skilled person @ Rs. 20,000 per month

for implementation and data collection including 10%escalation

10.99

Total Cost (A+B) 19.49

3.3.2 Conservation and cultivation of Medicinal PlantsIt is proposed to develop a Herbal nursery at appropriate location preferably in the Gram

Panchayat. Self help groups formed by women should be involved for the promotion of herbal

drugs from the kitchen stock and rare medicinal plants. Species of medicinal plants proposed

for plantation in the project area is given as below:


WAPCOS Limited 3-6

Artemisia nilagirica Cannabis sativa Centella asiatica Elaeagnus sp. Houttuynia cordata Lycopodium clavatum Lyonia ovalifolia Plantago major Rumex nepalensis Solanum viarum

For this programme to create at least one herbal garden, an amount of Rs. 10 Lakhs has

been earmarked for this purpose.

3.3.3 Anti-poaching MeasuresFor the improvement of vigilance and measures to check poaching number of measures

described below would be undertaken.

During construction phase in and around the main construction areas, i.e. the barrage site,

powerhouse site, etc. where construction workers congregate, some disturbance to the

wildlife population may occur. Therefore, marginal impacts may be on wildlife due to various

construction activities. In view of this it is recommended that 2 check posts be developed in

the major construction area i.e. near dam site, labour camps, to implement anti-poaching

measures during project construction phase. Each check post shall have 6 guards to ensure

that poaching does not take place in the area. The guards will be supervised by a range

officer. It is also recommended that the staff manning these check posts have adequate

communication equipment and other facilities. Apart from inter-linking of check posts,

communication link needs to be extended to Divisional Forest Office and the local police

station also.

Purchase of anti-poaching kits: To capture and translocate wild animals out of human

habitations or agricultural lands, various trapping equipments pertaining to anti-poaching

activities are needed. In the absence of these the staff faces difficulties and all efforts made

on this behalf are futile. For this an amount of Rs. 5.0 lakh has been earmarked. The anti-

poaching kits will include equipments for self defense of the staff as well.

Infrastructure Development: This includes antipoaching huts, rock shelters development

and residential quarters for forest guards. For effective monitoring, one watch tower is also

proposed to be established at an identified place having high pressure of biotic interference.

These basic amenities for the field staff to enable them to do effective patrolling in the areas.

For watch tower and accommodation an amount of Rs. 5.0 lakh has been earmarked.

Purchase of Survey equipment & Vehicle: In order to improve network and vigilance it is

required to develop a database IT infrastructure like laptops, G.P.S., inoculars, video as well


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as digital still cameras are essential. Purchase of field vehicle will help in increased

vigilance.

For better communication and purchase of survey equipment an amount of Rs. 5.0 lakh has

been earmarked.

Construction of Check posts: To improve vigilance for anti-poaching, better protection,

enforcement for control grazing practices the construction of control-grazing-cum-anti

poaching check posts. An amount of Rs. 9.0 lakh can be earmarked for this purpose.

An amount of Rs. 65.80 lakh has been earmarked for this purpose. The details are given as

below:

a) Salary Guards (6 nos.) @ Rs.8000 per month Rs. 5,76,000 One range officer @ Rs.25,000 per month Rs. 3,00,000 Total cost for one year Rs. 8,76,000

Cost for 3.25 years Rs. 31.90 lakh(Assuming 10% increase per year)

b) Purchase of anti-poaching kits Rs. 10.00 lakhc) Infrastructure development Rs. 10.00 lakhd) Purchase of Survey equipment & Vehicles Rs. 5.00 lakhe) Construction of check posts Rs. 9.00 lakh

Total Cost Rs. 65.80 lakh

3.4 BUDGETA total provision of Rs.115.30 lakh has been earmarked for biodiversity conservation. The


Table-3.4: Estimated cost of Biodiversity Conservation and Management Planimplementation

S.No. Particulars Cost (Rs. lakh)1 Compensatory afforestation 30.012 Afforestation-for habitate improvement 19.493 Conservation and cultivation of Medicinal Plants 10.003 Anti-poaching measures 65.80

Total 115.30


WAPCOS Limited 4-1

CHAPTER-4FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PLAN

4.1 INTRODCUTIONA river valley project may have adverse or beneficial effects on the fish fauna, depending

upon the particular situation and the fish fauna inhabiting the concerned river. Similarly it has

various impacts on the people, the livelihood of which depends on the fish. The construction

of the barrage leads the fragmentation of habitat, modification in hydrologic regime and may

have adverse effects on indigenous and migratory fish. On the other hand pondage provides

a large volume of water, which is beneficial with respect to fish culture and can play an

important role in the upliftment of economic growth.

4.4 FISHERIES STATUSThe fishery survey was conducted for three seasons namely, winter, summer and monsoon

using cast net. 50 castings each in the upstream and downstream of the barrage site were

done in different sections of the river. The major fish species observed during fisheries survey is

given in Table-4.1.

Table-4.1 :List of fish species in project area along with their common namesS. No Zoological name Common name Family

1 Cyprinus carpio Common Carp Cyprinidae2 Euchiloglanis sp ……. Sisoridae3 Garra gotyla gotyla Shimir Cyprinidae

4 Noemacheilus spp Rebio Balitoridae5 Pseudecheneis sulcatus Catfish Sisoridae6 Salmo trutta fario Brown trout Salmonidae7 Schizopyge progastus Snow tourt Cyprinidae8 Schizothorax richardsonii Trout Cyprinidae

Snow trout, a migratory fish species represented by Schizothorax sp. are endemic to

Himalayas. In winter months, when the water in upper reaches of these rivers gets very low,

snow trouts migrate downstream for a considerable distance and constitute the major

fisheries, particularly in the middle and lower stretches.

There is no fish landing centre in project area. It was also observed during field visit that no

large scale fishing activities are being practiced by the population in and around the project

area. During interaction with the locals and Fisheries Department, it was confirmed that there

are no fishermen families in the project area. However, few locals are involved in fishing

activities to augment their income. No family is fully dependent on fishery for earning his living.


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4.3 MANAGEMENT MEASURES4.3.1 Release of minimum flowThe requirement of flow in the downstream is directly related to the water temperature. After

construction of barrage on Yargyap Chu river, water is to be diverted for power generation. The

tail race channel will confluence in river Yargyap Chu at a distance of about 370 m downstream

of the barrage site. 20% of flows will be released throughout the year.

4.3.2 Sustenance of migratory fish speciesSince, migratory fish species are observed in the project area, scientific management of the

existing stock needs be adopted. It is proposed to implement reservoir and supplementary

stocking programmes for the project. It is proposed to stock the reservoir and river Yargyap

Chu for a length upto TWL of upstream site and upto FRL of the downstream project. The

rate of stocking is proposed as 100 fingerlings of about 30 mm size per km. For reservoir

area, stocking shall be 1000 fingerlings/ha of 30 mm size. The migratory fish species

namely, mahaseer and snow trout can be stocked. The stocking can be done annually by

the Fisheries Department, State Government of Arunachal Pradesh. To achieve this

objective, facilities to produce seeds of mahaseer and snow trout would have to be created

at suitable sites. The site would be identified in consultation with Fisheries Department

4.4 BUDGETThe total cost required for development of fish seed farm is estimated as Rs. 97.32 lakh. The


Table-4.2: Cost required for development of fish seed farmS.

No. Particulars Qty. Rate (Rs.) Amount(Rs. lakh)

A. Capital cost(Non-recurring expenditure)

1. Hatchery (20 troughs and 80 trays) 1 Lumpsum(LS)

5.00

2. Nursery ponds(3.0mx0.75mx0.5m)

9 30,000 2.70

3. Rearing ponds(10mx1.50mx0.5m)

4 50,000 2.00

4. Stocking ponds(30m x 6.0m x 1.5m)

2 15,000 3.00

5. Office, store, hut with infrastructure 2 LS 2.006. Laboratory 1 LS 2.007. Water supply (lumpsum) - LS 0.508. Other project cost (Drag nets, wide mouth

earthen pots, miniature hapa, buckets,bamboo poles etc.) (lumpsum)

- LS 1.00

Total (A) 18.12B. Working Capital /year (Recurring

expenditure)1. Salariesi) Farm Manager (one) @ 25000/month 3.00


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S.No. Particulars Qty. Rate (Rs.) Amount

(Rs. lakh)ii) Farm Assistants (one) @ Rs. 15000/ month 1.80iii) Farm Attendants (one) @ Rs. 8000/ month 0.96iv) Chowkidars (one) @ Rs. 6000/ month 0.722. Fish food (rice bran, oil cake, etc.) LS 1.003. Brooders-Kg 200 150 0.304. Ponds manuringi) Cow dung-Tons 20 200 0.04ii) Urea-Kg 100 10 0.01iii) Potash, phosphate-Kg 100 100 0.105. Lime-Kg 300 10 0.036. Training and Research LS 1.007. Chemical LS 1.008. Maintenance LS 1.009. Travel LS 1.00

10. Miscellaneous LS 1.00TOTAL (B)Total recurring expenditure for five yearsincluding 10% escalation (B)

12.9679.20

Grand Total (A+B) 97.32


WAPCOS Limited 5-1

CHAPTER-5PUBLIC HEALTH DELIVERY SYSTEM

5.1 INTRODUCTIONThe construction of a barrage may involve many diversified activities and require a large

number of labors. The change in population density through immigrants/influx may cause

new health problems in this region. People may carry different types of contagious diseases

if any spread in locality. Influx of human work force may also bring stress on available

drinking water sources and sanitary facilities. The additional domestic sewage generated

may cause drinking water contamination resulting in spread of enteric diseases, if not taken

proper precautionary measures.

The proposed project would lead to increase in the water spread area with corresponding

increase in shoreline. This is expected to increase the incidence of malaria in project area

and its surroundings. However, impacts on this account are not expected to be significant.

5.2 PUBLIC HEALTH DELIVERY SYSTEM5.2.1 Control of malariaThe increase in water fringe area provides suitable habitats for the growth of vectors of

various diseases and they are likely to increase the incidence of water-related diseases.

Malaria is the water related major vector-borne disease. Thus, malaria control measures

which aim at destroying the habitat and interrupting the life cycle by mechanical or biological

or chemical means need to be implemented. Various Primary Health Centres in the nearby

villages and Hospital at District Head Quarters can coordinate the anti-malarial operations in

association with the project authorities.

The suggested measures are given in following paragraphs:

- The site selected for habitation of workers should not be in the path of natural

drainage.

- Adequate drainage system to dispose storm water drainage from the labour colonies

should be provided.

- Adequate vaccination and immunization facilities should be provided for workers at

the construction site.

- The labour camps and resettlement sites should be at least 2 km away from a main

water body or quarry areas.

5.2.2 Development of medical facilities

A population of about 1000 is likely to congregate during the construction phase. The labour

population will be concentrated at two or three sites. There is no medical facility in the

immediate vicinity of the project area.


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Medical facilities are available at Mechuka town in Military Hospital and some private clinics.

District Hospital is available at Along and is equipped with almost all medical facilities.

It is recommended that necessary medical facilities be developed at the project site. It is

recommended that the dispensary should be developed during project construction phase itself,

so that it can serve the labour population migrating in the area as well as the local population.

The details of manpower, infrastructure requirement for this dispensary are given as below.

ManpowerDoctor : 1

Qualification : M.B.B.S./ M.D

1 doctor shall be employed in the dispensary and will reside in the staff quarters adjacent to

the dispensary. The para-medical staff required for assistance to these doctors is given in

Table-5.1.

Table-5.1: Details of Para-medical staff for dispensaryPara medical staff NumberAuxiliary Nurse 2Male Multipurpose Health worker 2Attendants 2Driver 2Total 8

InfrastructureA building shall be constructed to provide basic preventive, promotive and curative services

to the labour colony with facilities for maternal and child health services, control of

communicable diseases and medical care for minors. The building should have a waiting hall

where 30-40 people can sit. The building would have place for the following:

- Two rooms for doctors- One room for staff- Two rooms for stores- One general ward to accommodate 10 beds- One minor operation theater/ dressing room- One garrage with space for three vehicle

Residential accommodation is to be provided to the essential staff in the campus.

Proposed Health Facilities at Construction sites and labour campIt is possible that during the construction work, the technical staffs operating different

equipment are not only exposed to the physical strain of work but also to the physical effects

of the environment in which they are working. The workers and other technical staff may

come up with common manifestations such as insect bites, fever, diarrhea, work exhaustion

and other diseases. In addition they may invariably come up with injuries caused by

accidents at work site. Under all circumstances, workers need immediate medical care.


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A first-aid post is to be provided at each of the major construction sites, so that workers are

immediately attended to in case of an injury or accident. This first-aid post will have at least

the following facilities:

- First aid box with essential medicines including ORS packets- First aid appliances-splints and dressing materials- Stretcher, wheel chair, etc.

Health Extension ActivitiesThe health extension activities will have to be carried out in the villages situated in the

nearby areas. It is important to inculcate hygienic habits of environmental sanitation specially

with respect to water pollution by domestic wastes. There would be possibility of the

transmission of communicable diseases due to migration of labour population from other

areas at the construction site.

The doctors from the dispensary should make regular visits to these villages and organize

health promotional activities with the active participation of the local village Panchayat,

NGOs and available local health functionaries. The health functionaries would undertake the

following tasks as a part of health promotional activities:

- Collect water samples to ascertain the portability of water from different sources so

as to monitor regular disinfection of drinking water sources.

- Maintain close surveillance on incidence of communicable diseases in these villages.

- Maintain close liaison with the community leaders and health functionaries of

different departments, so that they can be mobilized in case of an emergency.

5.3 COST ESTIMATESThe cost required for implementation of various public health measures shall be Rs. 141.9

lakh. The details are given in the following paragraphs:

A. Expenditure on salariesDispensary---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Post Number Monthly Annual

Emoluments (Rs.) Expenditure (Rs.)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Doctor 1 50,000 6,00,000Nurse 2 20,000 4,80,000Male Multi-purpose 2 20,000 4,80,000Health WorkersAttendants 2 8,000 1,92,000Drivers 2 10,000 2,40,000---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 19,92,000---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


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First Aid Posts

Health Assistants 1 15,000 1,80,000Dressers 1 10,000 1,20,000--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 3,00,000-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total Expenditure = Rs.22,92,000B. Expenditure on Material and SuppliesDispensaryNon-recurringi) 1 Vehicles (Closed Jeep) Rs. 5,00,000ii) Furniture, etc. Rs. 1,00,000iii) Hospital equipment Rs. 5,00,000iv) Ambulance 1 No. and their maintenance for Rs. 9,00,000

four years------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total Rs.20,00,000-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Recurringi) Drugs and Medicine, Rs. 6,00,000/yrii) Contingencies Rs. 200,000/yriii) 2 First-Aid Posts at construction sites Rs. 100,000/yr--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total Rs. 9,00,000/yr--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

InfrastructureDispensary: Considering the number of rooms, staff quarters and open space etc., it is

estimated that 5000 sq.feet (i.e. 465 sq.meter) of plot will be required for dispensary, out of

which about 4000 sq.feet (375 sq.meter) will be the built-up land which includes staff

quarters, etc. The construction cost for RCC structure will be Rs.1000/sq.m excluding land

cost. The cost of construction of Dispensary will be Rs. 4.0 lakh.

2 First Aid Posts: These are of temporary nature and will be constructed with asbestos

sheets, bamboo, etc. It will cost @ Rs.100,000/First Aid Post. The total cost for constructing

First Aid Posts will be of the order of Rs.2.0 lakh.

The total cost for developing the infrastructure will be (4 +2) Rs.6.0 lakh.

A. Recurring Expenditure* Expenditure on salaries : Rs. 22,92,000/yr* Expenditure on materials & supplies : Rs. 9,00,000/yr--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sub-Total Rs. 31,92,000/yr--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


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Total expenditure for 39months (A) : Rs. 115.9 lakh(considering 10% escalation per year period)

B. Non-Recurring Expenditure* Infrastructure (Construction of : Rs. 6.0 lakh

Dispensary & 2 First aid posts)* Expenditure on materials, supplies and : Rs. 20.0 lakh

equipment--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total (B) Rs. 26.0 lakh--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total A + B Rs. 141.9 lakh--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


WAPCOS Limited 6-1

CHAPTER-6ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN LABOUR CAMPS

6.1 INTRODUCTION

The aggregation of large number of works and technical labour in the project area during the

construction of phase is likely to put considerable stress on the ecosystem of the area. The aim

of the EMP is to minimize these stresses. It should be made mandatory for the contractor to

provide adequate facilities at the labour camp which are described in the following sections.

6.2 PROVISION OF HEATINGThe contractor can make a block of two large rooms in which about 30-40 workers can stay.

Community toilets for each block can be constructed close by. During winter months, a central

heating system can also be provided, otherwise, workers will be forced to cut trees to meet the

fuel requirements to heat the water required for various uses.

6.3 PROVISION OF WATER SUPPLYThe water for drinking purpose is collected from the rivers or streams flowing upstream of

the labour camps. The water is stored in tanks and supplied for use. The water quality in

general is good and does not require any elaborate treatment. However, it is proposed to

disinfect the water prior to distribution. The settlements/ labour camps shall be placed far

from the drinking water sources.

6.4 SANITATION AND SEWAGE TREATMENT FACILITIESOne eight seated community toilet can be provided per 20 persons. The sewage from the

community latrines can be treated in sewage treatment plant comprising of aerated lagoon

and secondary settling tank. The treated effluent from sewage treatment plant be disposed

off in nearest water body. However, efforts shall be made to ensure, that treated effluent is

disposed only in these water bodies, which are not used for meeting domestic water

requirements.

The total construction time for the project is about 39 months. At peak construction phase, there

will be an increase in population by 1000. To ensure that the sewage from the labour camps do

not pollute the river water, it has been estimated that about 50 community latrines and a

sewage treatment plant shall be commissioned for treatment. The total cost required will be

Rs. 35.0 lakh (refer Table-6.1). The dimensions of the various units are given as below:

Aerated lagoon

Length : 22 m Width : 15 m Depth : 3 m


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Secondary Settling tank

Diameter : 3.0 m Depth : 2.5 m

Table- 6.1: Cost estimate for sanitary facilities for labour campsS. No. Unit Rate (Rs./unit) Number Cost

(Rs. lakh)1. Community latrines 50,000 50 2.502. Sewage treatment plant Lumpsum 1.00

Total 3.50

6.5 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FROM LABOUR CAMPSThe labour colonies will be located at barrage site, powerhouse and at adit sites. During

construction phase, about 450 labour and 100 technical staff is likely to congregate. The

increase in population is expected to be order of 1000 including family members of the

individuals. The solid waste likely to be generated from labour camps shall be of the order of

0.21 tonnes/day. The chemical characteristics of solid waste generated are given in the

following Table-6.2.

Table-6.2: Chemical characteristics of municipal wasteComponent Percentage by weightMoisture 19.52Organic matter 25.14Nitrogen (as Total Nitrogen) 0.66Phosphorous (as P2OS) 0.56Potassium (as K2O) 0.69

The composition of various waste materials is in the municipal refuse is detailed in Table-

6.3.

Table-6.3: Composition of waste material in municipal refuseIngredient Percentage by weight (%)Paper 4.71Rubber, Leather and synthetics 0.71Glass 0.46Metals 0.49Total compostable matter 38.95Inert matter 44.73Others/ plastic 9.95Total 100

Adequate facilities for collection, conveyance and disposal of solid waste will be developed.

The solid waste will be disposed at the designated landfill sites. The landfill shall have

impervious clay at the bottom most layer. The second layer shall be impervious liner

(Geomembrane), third layer will be of sand, after that well compacted solid waste is to be put


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over the sand, then again a layer of clay, finally a layer of soil. Vegetation shall be grown on

the top most layers. It will give a good aesthetic view of landfill.

Various aspects of solid waste management include:

Reuse/Recycling Refuse storage Collection and Transportation Disposal

Reuse/RecyclingIn order to reduce quantum of waste generated, project will reuse significant quantity Muck

(generated due to excavations) for backfilling, form work (in civil work) wherever possible

and will also reuse the packing materials received with packages etc.

Project proponent will explore opportunity to recycle the waste generated at the project site,

in this context project will identify authorized vendors and send used batteries, used oil, and

used oil filters for recycling.

Bio- degradable waste will be disposed by composting and the manure generated will be

given to local community for cultivating vegetables and flowers.

Refuse storageIn the proposed project, labour camps are proposed to be located at three locations. In each

of the labour colony, provisions shall be made to separately store the degradable and non-

degradable solid waste.

Two different colored bins may be supplied to each labour family, who will segregate the

waste generated by their family. Green and Biodegradable waste is to be deposited in one

container and non-biodegradable waste in another container. In case of canteens, kitchens

also, two different colored dust-bins suitable to deposit the Biodegradable and non-

biodegradable waste generated in their unit shall be provided. A sustained awareness

programme will be conducted to educate workers about the segregation of degradable and

bio-degradable wastes.

Collection of house-hold WasteEvery day the tractor mounted trolleys will collect the waste at the door of each unit of labour

camp and colonies. Two workers and one Tractor Driver will attend for collection of waste.

The trolleys will be provided with two compartments for depositing segregated waste

separately. Each worker will be allotted at a fixed area. The collection will be on regular pre-

informed timings and the arrival will be informed through blowing a whistle/horn. The solid

waste so collected shall be disposed at a common storage point. Two trucks will be

commissioned to collect the solid waste and dispose the same at sites designated for

disposal of solid waste.


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DisposalDegradable componentThe degradable portion of the solid waste would be disposed off by composting. The

degradable portion is taken as about 38.9%. Thus, (0.389*0.21) about 0.08 t/day of

degradable portion of solid waste will be generated. In composting the process takes around

60 days to mature. Thus the total capacity of pits required would be about 4.8 or 5 cu m.

A pit of 2m x 1.5m x 1.3m deep (0.3m freeboard) size can take 3.0 cu m of compostable

waste. Thus the no. of pits required shall be 2. The total area will be almost three times the

pit area as some area in between pits will be required for transportation and stacking of

waste. Hence, total area required will be 20 m2. The pits will be covered with GI sheets.

Additional 50 sq.m would be kept for storage for compost plus screening and other activities.

The pits to be constructed will have around 25 cm of bottom lining consisting of about 5 cm

thick stone grit over which 15 cm thick coarse sand followed by 15 cm thick earth lining will

be done. The refuse along with animal dung will have to be laid in layers of 5 to 10 cm

thickness. The pit will be then watered on alternate days. Thereafter waste is laid in 5 to 10

cm thick layers twice in a week till the whole pit is filled up. Every week the waste will need

to be turned up and water will have to be sprinkled every day to keep adequate moisture.

The process will take around 45 to 60 days where after the composted waste from the pit is

taken out and after drying it is screened with screens having 2 mm dia holes. The screened

compost would be filled in plastic bags and used as good manure especially for cultivation of

vegetables and flowers.

Non-Degradable componentThe non- degradable portion (about 0.13 t/day) such as plastic bottles, cans, etc. shall be

segregated and disposed off at separate sites identified by the district administration.

The details of landfill site are given as below:

Waste Generation 0.13 tonnes per day Design Life 39 months (construction phase) Total Waste Generation in 39 months 152 tonnes Length 8 m Width 20 m Depth of fill 5m

A provision of 15% of the total area, for accommodating infrastructure facilities will be

included while working out requirement of space. The liner system will comprise of the

following layers below the waste:

0.30 m thick drainage layer comprising of coarse sand or gravel (stone dustwith no fines)

0.2m thick protective layer of sandy silt 1.50mm thick HDPE geomembrane


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1.0 m thick clay layer/amended soil layer, amended soil layer comprising oflocal soil + bentonite is to be provided).

The total cost required for solid waste management is estimated Rs. 64.3 lakh. The details

are given in Table-6.4.

Table-6.4: Cost estimate for solid waste managementS. No. Item Cost (Rs. lakh)

1 Reclamation and stabilization cost of landfill and compostingsites

15.02 One covered truck for conveyance of solid waste to landfill

site15.0

3 Manpower cost for 05 persons @ Rs. 10000/ month for 39months including 10% escalation/year

21.8

4 06 bicycle trolleys @ Rs. 50,000/ per trolley 3.0

5 Awareness programme 5.06 Water facility 1.07 Tools & Implements 2.58 Yard lighting maintenance store room lighting, Monitoring

station @5000/ fixture x 20'1.0

Total 64.3

6.6 PROVISION OF FREE FUELAs a part of EMP, following measures are proposed:

- make a clause mandatory in the contract of every contractor involved in project

construction to provide supply of fuel to their labourers, so that trees are not cut for

meeting their fuel demands.

- establish LPG godown within the project area for providing LPG cylinder to run

community kitchens.

The project proponents in association with the state government should make necessary

arrangements for distribution of LPG. These fuel would be supplied at subsidized rates to the

local/contract laborers for which provision has been kept in the cost estimate.

The total cost required for provisions of fuel has been estimated as Rs. 87.8 lakh. The details

are given in Tables -6.5 to 6.7.

Table-6.5: Cost estimate for LPG distribution for StaffYear No. of

EmployeesAnnual requirement@1cylinder per family per 2months (No. of cylinders)

Total Cost@Rs. 1000/cylinder(Rs. lakh)

I 50 300 3.0II 100 450 4.5III 100 600 6.0IV (3 months) 100 150 1.5Total 15.0


WAPCOS Limited 6-6

Table-6.6: Cost estimate for labourYear No. of labours Annual requirement

@1cylinder per family per 2months (No. of cylinders)

Total Cost@Rs. 1000/cylinder(Rs. lakh)

I 200 1200 12.0II 450 2700 27.0III 450 2700 27.0IV (3 months) 450 675 6.8Total 72.8

Table-6.7:Cost estimate for provision of fuelS. No. Fuel Cost (Rs. lakh)1. LPG for technical staff 15.02. LPG for labour population 72.8

Total 87.8

6.7 FIRE PROTECTION IN LABOUR CAMP AND STAFF COLONIESConstruction of Camps etc. and placement of fire protection equipmentIt has been planned that all facilities to be constructed shall be fully equipped with the fire

protection equipments as per IS standards. The analysis of fire hazard in the construction of

these camps, colonies and other facilities are outlined in Table-6.8.

Table-6.8: Analysis of fire hazard in labour camps, colonies and other facilitiesS. No. Stage Potential hazard Remedial Measures

1. ConstructionofCamp/colony

Fire prevention and firefighting not consideredin design

In adequate fireprotection measuresduring construction

By Project ProponentsWhile construction of Field hostels,Guest House/office and other facilitiesowned by Project Proponents, who shallprovide the fire protection system as perIS Standards for Fire code.

Proper housekeeping will also beensured and maintained during thesefacilities to protect them from any firerelated incidents.

It will be ensured that the fire fightingequipments are placed at common placealso including work place preferablywithin 15 meters of work place.By Contractors

Clear term of reference will be given tocontractor at tendering stage forincorporating fire code as per ISStandard.

Fire fighting equipments will be placedat all common places ( within 15 metersof work place)


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Maintenance of fire protection equipments as the safety measures thoroughdedicated EHS Team.

During construction, it has been envisaged to set up full fledged Environment Health &

Safety (EHS) department reporting directly to Head of Project. This department shall also

take care of the adequacy of Fire Safety measures set up in all facilities created either

owned by project developer or any of its Contractors. The analysis of responsibility for this

EHS team in respect of Fire protection system has been done as outlined in Table-6.9.

Table-6.9: Analysis of responsibility of EHS team in respect of Fire protection systemS. No. Stage Potential hazard Remedial Measures1. During

Occupation Fire incident due to

electrical shortcircuit/LPG Leakage/Improper handling offlammable liquids/lackof precaution

Improper access to andfrom the location

In adequate fire fightingarrangements

Lack of Knowledge Lack communication Lack of Knowledge on

fighting fire andhandling fire equipment

In adequateEmergency response

Residential complex will beconstructed as per the approveddesign and will be checked forcompleteness on fire aspect beforeallotment to residents

Each Block Colony/ camp will beprovided with rated estimated trip offcircuit braker will be installed oneach block.

All residents are made aware of firehazard by training, regularcampaigns and by placing postersand signs

LPG Cylinders/Flammable liquidswill store at designated storagearea. The storage will be wellprotected, ventilated with adequateprovision of fire equipments.

Each bloc of the colony will beprovided with 10 kg DCP fireextinguishers.

Additionally fire point containing firebuckets, CO2 extinguishers, DCPExtinguisher will be provided at thecommon place covering fourresidential blocks in labour Camp.

Placement of written posters ofpreventive measures in eachaccommodation block

Regular EHS inspection of the campsite

Placement of placard of emergencynumbers to be contacted in case ofEmergency

Dedicated phone line will beprovided in labour camps foreffective communication.

Ensure proper access is maintainedaround and to the residential blocks

Identification of emergency Musterpoints at safe distance


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Project In charge is responsible for implementation of plan through his authorized

representative on site. Site EHS Team shall monitor the implementation of plan and report

non compliance to site management.

Training of employees on fire prevention and fire fighting is important to prevent occurrence

of fire incident in project area. All employees will be given brief overview of fire prevention,

fire fighting procedure and response process at the time EHS Induction training. Project

proponent will also carry out regular campaigns on fire prevention around the site.EHS

Department is responsible for providing required training.

Implementation of this plan will be mandatory for all contractors. Requirements of this plan

will be part of contract agreement. The cost of fire protection in labour camps and staff

colonies is estimated about Rs. 7.63 lakh and the details are given in Table-6.10.

Table-6.10: Cost of fire protection in labour camps and staff colonies

Provision Estimated cost(Rs. lakh)

Fire extinguisher DCP 5KG,50 in no.@ 1000/- 0.50Fire extinguisher DCP 10 KG,25 in no.@ 1500/- 0.35Fire Extinguisher CO2 10 KG, in 15 no. 5000/- 0.75Fire extinguisher DCP 30 KG, 05 in no. 15000/- 0.75Fire extinguisher Foam Type 30 KG, 05 in no.15000/ 0.75Refilling and maintenance 50,000/ 1.00Inspection Charges 50,000/- 1.00Training, Campaign and poster installation 2.50Total 7.60

6.8 BUDGETA total provision of Rs. 194.7 lakh has been earmarked for implementation of various measures

in labour camps. The details are given in Table-6.11.

Table-6.11: Cost estimate for implementation of various measures in labour campsS. No. Fuel Cost (Rs. lakh)1. Sanitation facilities for labour camps 35.02. Solid waste management in labour camps 64.33. Fuel distribution 87.84. Fire protection in labour camps 7.6

Total 194.7

6.9 IMPLEMENTING AGENCYVarious measures recommended in this chapter shall be included in the contract document of

the contractor involved in construction activities. The implementation of these measures shall

be monitored by the project proponents.


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CHAPTER-7MUCK MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.1 INTRODUCTIONA large quantity of muck is expected to be generated as a result of tunneling operations,

construction of roads, etc. Muck generated from excavation of any project component is

required to be disposed in a planned manner so that it takes a least possible space and is not

hazardous to the environment. The muck disposal sites cause increased sedimentation in the

rivers (though insignificant compared to natural sedimentation) and totally spoils the visual

aesthetics of the area. It is of prime importance that these sites will have to be rehabilitated as

soon as the disposal sites are full.

7.2 MUCK GENERATION AND DISPOSALThe total quantity of muck expected to be generated has been estimated to be of the order of

0.6793 Mm3. Considering swelling factor as 25% for Open Excavation and 45% for

Underground Excavation material, the total muck to be generate is 0.919 Mm3. The details are

given in Table-7.1.

Table-7.1: Component-wise detail of muck to be generated

S.No Description

MuckGenerated

(m3)

Quantity of Muck/Debris Generated (m3)

Vol. Tobe used

asBackfill/coffer

dam

Vol. To beused forsoling,

aggregateworks

NetQuantity(m3) to

bedumped

(Swellingfactor 25%)

(Swellingfactor45%)

1 River Diversiona Open Excavation 2500 3125 30000

41451 3914b Underground Excavation 51600 722402 Barragea Open Excavation 126700 158375 25000 104354 60381b Underground Excavation 22400 313603 Power Intakea Open Excavation 56300 70375 8500 57340 38415b Underground Excavation 24200 338804 Feeder tunnel and Adit-1a Open Excavation 1150 1437.5

30936 25311b Underground Excavation 39150 54810

5Desilting Complex, SFT, GateOperational Tunnel, Vertical Shaft,Access Tunnel and Adit-2

a Open Excavation 3400 4250101668 83183

b Underground Excavation 129000 1806006 Connecting Tunnels, HRT and Adit-3a Open Excavation 1150 1437.5

2585421153

b Underground Excavation 32550 45570


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S.No Description

MuckGenerated

(m3)

Quantity of Muck/Debris Generated (m3)

Vol. Tobe used

asBackfill/coffer

dam

Vol. To beused forsoling,

aggregateworks

NetQuantity(m3) to

bedumped

(Swellingfactor 25%)

(Swellingfactor45%)

7 Adit-cum-Surge Gallerya Open Excavation 1150 1437.5

16730 13688b Underground Excavation 20700 289808 Pressure shafta Underground Excavation 7300 10220 5621 4599

9 MAT, Adit-4 to pressure shaft andAdit-5

a Open Excavation 2250 2812.525763 21079

b Underground Excavation 31450 44030

10

Power House Complex,Transformer Caven, Bus Duct,Escape tunnel, Access Tunnel &Cable Tunnel

a Underground Excavation 74200 103880 57134 46746

11 Adits-cum-Ventilation-cum-CableTunnels

a Open Excavation 1150 1437.57990 6537

b Underground Excavation 9350 1309012 Tail Race Tunnela Open Excavation 1150 1437.5


13 Switchyarda Open Excavation 20000 25000 2000


Total Excavation 679950 271125 648270 65500 505667 348228

Muck used @ 2 m for leveling of Material storage area, workshop & stores, office, Temporarycolony and contractor colony (land to be acquired 5.3 ha)

106000

Average Depth of Filling (m) 5Net Quantity (m3) to be dumped 242228

Area Required (Ha) 4.8Area Provided (Ha) 5

Based on the geological nature of the rocks and engineering properties of the soil, a part of the

muck can be used as construction material. However, the balance requires being suitably

disposed. In the proposed project, about 0.0655 Mm3, is to be reused as backfilling material.

About 0.506 Mm3 is to be used for soling, aggregate / protection works and about 0.106 Mm3 is

to be used as leveling of Material storage area, workshop & stores, office, Temporary colony

and contractor colony. About 0.242 Mm3 is to be disposed at muck disposal sites, with a total

area of 5 ha.


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Table-7.2: Details of muck disposal areas

S. No Description Area (ha)1 Downstream of Barrage site on Right Bank on Right Bank (Area-1) 2.62 In-between Barrage and Power House site on Right Bank (Area-2) 0.43 In-between Barrage and Power House site on Right Bank (Area-3) 0.64 Near Powerhouse on right bank on Right Bank (Area-4) 1.4

Total 5.0

Table-7.3: Dimensions of muck disposal sites

S.No Area (Ha) Elevation Range Total no ofcross sections

TotalCapacity

(Lakh Cum)1 2.6 1900-1945 5 1.482 0.4 1870-1895 3 0.123 0.6 1855-1885 4 0.194 1.4 1825-1885 6 0.67

Total 2.46

The dumping of muck will be done in the scientific manner by providing appropriate

protection walls with deep foundations so that muck will not flow and washed away in the

river. Masonry work, crate work and check dam will also be provided wherever necessary in

order to avoid the chances of soil erosion and to ensure flow of silt, free water. Besides

these engineering measures, proper plantation will be done at the dumping sites for

reclamation of the dumping areas.

Muck generally lacks nutrients and therefore, are difficult to re-vegetate. However, if no

attempts to vegetate the slopes are made, the muck could slide lower down during rain and

may eventually wash off the check dams also. Since, top soils are not available in large

quantities in Himalayas, it may not be possible to apply a thin layer of soil over the muck.

Bio-fertiliser technique developed by National Environmental Engineering Research Institute

(NEERI) can be adopted in the proposed project. NHPC has successfully used this

technique in Uri hydroelectric project. Similar approach can be utilized in the proposed

project as well. In this process, the unused excavated material is piled and stacked with

proper slopes at the designated muck disposal sites. The slopes are broken up by creating

benches across them. This is done to provide stability to the slopes and also to provide

ample space for planting of trees that would further help in holding and consolidating

biotechnological approach. The traditional methods of afforestation of these areas would be

supplemented with the use of fungus, i.e. Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrizae (VAM) and

nitrogen fixing bacteria that form partnership with plant roots. These grow on plant roots and

provide water and nutrition especially phosphorus to plants at faster rate. The seeding of

plants would be inoculated with VAM and nitrogen fixing bacteria before planting. It has been


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found that plants inoculated with bio-fertilizers grow at faster rate especially in the medium

where the soil/rock is devoid of nutrients.

The afforestation with suitable plant species shall be done. The species to be planted shall

be decided by the forest Department, state government of Arunachal Pradesh.

The cross-sections of various muck disposal sites are given in Figure-7.1. The plan of

various muck disposal sites is given in Figures-7.2 to 7.4.

7.3 BUDGETThe total expenditure required for stabilization of muck disposal sites has been estimated to

be of the order of Rs.107.5 million. The details are given in Table-7.4.

Table-7.4: Break-up of cost for stabilization of muck disposal sitesS. No Item (Rs. lakh)

1 Construction of check dams along river banks @ Rs. 1.0 million/kmfor a stretch of 2.5 km

25.0

2 Preparation of muck disposal site@ Rs. 1.0 million/ha for 5 ha 50.03 Provision of 15 cm soil layer over an area of 5 ha @ Rs. 0.5 million/ha 25.04 Development of vegetation over an area of 5 ha@ Rs. 0.15 million /ha 07.5

Total 107.5


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Figure-7.1: Cross-section of various muck disposal sites


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Figure-7.2 : Plan of various muck disposal site-1


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Figure-7.3: Plan of various muck disposal site-2 &3


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Figure-7.4: Plan of various muck disposal site 4


WAPCOS limited 8-1

CHAPTER-8RESTORATION AND LANDSCAPING OF CONSTRUCTION SITES

8.1 INTRODUCTIONThe landscape and restoration plan targets towards overall improvement in the condition of

the area. The landscape plan provides benefits to improve beautification and its utility. All the

activities are aimed at restoring the areas where scars would be formed. The restoration

would prevent soil erosion enhance forest cover and stabilize degraded areas.

8.2 QUARRYING OPERATIONSRiver Bed Material for AggregatesFor the construction purpose river bed materials shall be utilized and for that two locations are

identified on the downstream of the barrage. During the construction phase a large quantity of

construction material like stones, pebbles, gravel and sand would be needed. Significant

amount of material is available in the river bed. It is proposed to extract construction material

from borrow areas in the river bed. The extraction of construction material may affects the river

water quality due to increase in the turbidity levels. This is mainly because the dredged

material gets released during one or all the operations mentioned below:

excavation of material from the river bed. loss of material during transport to the surface. overflow from the dredger while loading loss of material from the dredger during transportation.

The cumulative impact of all the above operations is increase in turbidity levels. Good dredging

practices can however, minimize turbidity. It has also been observed that slope collapse is the

major factor responsible for increase in the turbidity levels. If the depth of cut is too high, there

is possibility of slope collapse, which releases a sediment cloud. This will further move outside

the suction radius of dredged head. In order to avoid this typical situation, the depth of cut be

restricted to:

H/C < 5.5

where, - unit weight of the soilH - depth of soilC - Cohesive strength of soil

8.3 LANDSCAPING AND RESTORATION PLANArea for landscapingThe working area of barrage site, power house complex colony area have been selected for

beautification of the project area after construction is over. The reservoir created due to the

construction of dam may be a local point of tourist attraction. This could be used for sport

fishing, so there is a need to construct benches for sitting, development of resting sheds


WAPCOS limited 8-2

and footpath. The beautification would be carried out by developing flowering beds for

plantation ornamental plant and flower garden.

There would be sufficient open space in power house complex and colony area. Forested

area in the power house complex would provide aesthetic view and add to natural scenic

beauty. The beautification in the colony area would be carried out by development of

flowering beds for plantation of ornamental plant, creepers, flower garden and a small park,

construction of benches for sitting, resting sheds, walk way and fountain.

A provision of Rs. 20.0 lakh has been earmarked for landscaping and beautification of the

area.

8.4 BUDGETA total provision of Rs. 20.0 lakh has been earmarked for reclamation of construction sites

landscaping and beautification.


WAPCOS Limited 9-1

CHAPTER-9ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION

9.1 INTRODUCTIONExisting Road and Bridge ImprovementsThe road up to Along is in good condition except for few stretches. Beyond Along the road

comes under the purview of BRO and the stretch is studded with many trouble spots just like

any other hilly road. There are some rock cuttings, overhanging, bottleneck areas, slide

prone areas which have to be cut, broadened or stabilized respectively for the trouble free

transport of the equipments. In addition to this, there are few bridges (about 8-10 numbers)

which are of low capacity and would require strengthening/ replacement for transporting of

heavy equipment for powerhouse.

Roads in the Project AreaThe access road to project site is planned to take off from Along- Mechuka road. The

specification of access road has been kept equivalent to those pertaining to class-IX

category of hill roads. The permanent colony, office and other temporary facilities are

planned along the access road discussed above. The main store is planned near bifurcation

point.

The other construction sites in the downstream section of the project will have temporary

connectivity with the other branch access road. The formation width of temporary access

road shall be generally equivalent to class-IX of hill roads except at patchy steep slopes

where class V specifications will be provided.

BridgesA concrete bridge for crossing over to the left bank of Yargyap Chu shall be constructed near

power house site. This shall be constructed as a permanent structure for moving of heavy

machineries and equipment to the powerhouse. This can also be used while construction of

adits and TRT as an access to the left bank of the river.

Two temporary bridges, one at upstream of the diversion structure and other at powerhouse

site are proposed to cross over bank to the left bank during construction of diversion tunnel

and permanent bridge at powerhouse site.

9.2 IMPACTS DUE TO CONSTRUCTION OF ROADSThe construction of roads can lead to the following impacts:

The topography of the project area has steep slope, which descends rapidly into

narrow valleys. The conditions can give rise to erosion hazards due to net downhill

movement of soil aggregates.

Removal of trees on slopes and re-working of the slopes in the immediate vicinity of

roads can encourage landslides, erosion gullies, etc. With the removal of vegetal


WAPCOS Limited 9-2

cover, erosive action of water gets pronounced and accelerates the process of soil

erosion and formation of deep gullies. Consequently, the hill faces are bared of soil

vegetative cover and enormous quantities of soil and rock can move down the rivers,

and in some cases, the road itself may get washed out.

Construction of new roads increases the accessibility of a hitherto undisturbed areas

resulting in greater human interferences and subsequent adverse impacts on the

ecosystem.

Increased air pollution during construction phase.

9.3 MANAGEMENT MEASURESThe approach roads will have to be constructed as a part of the access to the construction

site. In a hilly environment, construction of roads sometime disturbs the scenic beauty of the

area. In addition, landslides are often triggered due to road construction because of the

loosening of rocks by water trickling from various streams.

Steeply sloping banks are liable to landslides, which can largely be controlled by provision of

suitable drainage. The basic principle is to intercept and divert as much water as possible,

before it arrives at a point, where it becomes a nuisance. The other erosion hazard is that of

surface erosion of the bank, which is best controlled by vegetation. However, in a steeply

sloping terrain, difficulty lies in growing vegetation on steeply sloping banks. Engineering

solutions such as surface drainage, sub-surface drainage, toe protection and rock bolting

can be used. Landslides can be stabilized by several methods-engineering or bioengineering

measures alone or a combination of these. The cost required for implementation of various

measures has already been incorporated in the overall budget earmarked for construction of

roads.

In hilly terrain, road construction often generates significant quantity of wastes (muck) due to

the stripping of the rocks to make way for the roads. The stripped muck is generally cleared

by dumping the material along the slopes. These dumped material finally flow down to the

valleys and ultimately finds its way to the river. However, it is recommended to adopt a more

systematic approach. The stripped material should be collected and dumped in the

designated muck disposal area, which will have check dams to prevent the muck to flow

down into the river. After disposal operation is complete at the dump site, the dump yard

should be contoured and vegetated.

The various aspects to be considered while making the project roads are briefly described in

the following paragraphs.


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Construction

Area for clearing and grubbing shall be kept minimum subject to the technical

requirements of the road. The clearing area shall be properly demarcated to save

desirable trees and shrubs and to keep tree cutting to the minimum.

Where erosion is likely to be a problem, clearing and grubbing operations shall be so

scheduled and performed. Grading operations and permanent erosion control of features

can follow immediately thereafter, if the project conditions permit; otherwise temporary

erosion control measures shall be provided between successive construction stages.

Under no circumstances, however, should very large surface area of erodible earth

material be exposed at any one time by clearing and grubbing.

The method of balanced cut and fill formation shall be adopted to avoid large difference

in cut and fill quantities.

The cut slopes shall be suitably protected by breast walls, provision of flat stable slopes,

construction of catch water and intercepting drains, treatment of slopes and unstable

areas above and underneath the road, etc.

Where rock blasting is involved, controlled blasting techniques shall be adopted to avoid

over-shattering of hill faces.

Excavated material should not be thrown haphazardly but dumped duly dressed up in a

suitable form at appropriate places where it cannot get easily washed away by rain, and

such spoil deposits may be duly trapped or provided with some vegetative cover.

Drainage

Drainage of the water from hill slopes and road surface is very important. All artificial

drains shall be linked with the existing natural drainage system.

Surface drains shall have gentle slopes. Where falls in levels are to be negotiated, check

dams with silting basins shall be constructed so that soil is not eroded and carried away

by high velocity flows.

Location and alignment of culverts should also be so chosen as to avoid severe erosion

at outlets and siltation at inlets.

Grassing and Planting

Tree felling for road construction/works should be kept bare minimum and strict control

must be exercised in consultation with the Forest Department. Equivalent amount of new

trees should be planted as integral part of the project within the available land and if

necessary, separate additional land may be acquired for this purpose.

Depending on the availability of land and other resources, afforestation of roadside land

should be carried out to a sufficient distance on either side of the road.


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9.4 BUDGETAn amount of Rs. 45 lakh has been earmarked for implementation of measures to mitigate

adverse impacts due to construction of roads. The details are given in Table-9.1.

Table-9.1: Details of expenditure for implementation of measures for management ofImpacts due to construction of roadsS. No. Item Cost

(Rs. lakh)1 Clearing of land 5.02 Provision of breast walls, construction of catch water and

interceptor drains20.0

3 Provision of drainage system along roads 15.04 Roadside plantation, Jute matting etc. 5.0

Total 45.0


WAPCOS Limited 10-1

CHAPTER-10GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN

10.1 INTRODUCTIONThe greenbelt development plan aims to overall improvement in the environmental

conditions of the region. The plan with a five-fold objective addresses issues such as

prevention of land degradation due to activities during construction phase; enhancing the

forest cover for increasing the biodiversity of the region; providing aesthetic value to the

project area and consequently inviting a proportionate tourist flux; enhancing the ecological

equilibrium of the area; and to a large proportion in combating soil erosion. Although the

forest loss due to reservoir submergence and other project appurtenances have been

compensated as a part of compensatory afforestation. It is proposed to develop greenbelt

around the periphery of various project appurtenances, selected stretches along reservoir

periphery.

10.2 NEED FOR GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT PLANThe green belt on either side of the reservoir will reduce the sedimentation and ensure

protection of the reservoir area from any other human activity that could result in the

reservoir catchment damage. On moderately steep slopes tree species will be planted for

the creation of green belt which are indigenous, economically important, soil binding in

nature and an thrive well under high humidity and flood conditions

10.3 STRUCTURE OF GREEN BELTGreen belt around the reservoir would be created to avoid erosion of soil and prevention of

land slips from the direct draining catchment into the reservoir. Most of the area in the

vicinity of proposed reservoir of Kangtangshiri hydroelectric project is under medium to open

forests. The creation of green belt on either side of the reservoir will ensure protection of the

reservoir rim area from any minor slips due to fluctuation in the water level. The slopes on

both the banks will be planted with suitable tree species for creation of a green belt around

the reservoir rim. In areas with moderately steep slopes indigenous, economically important,

soil binding tree species will be planted, which are able to thrive well under high humidity

and flood conditions. A proposed scheme of plantation around the reservoir is given in the

following sections.

10.4 SCHEME FOR GREENBELT DEVELOPMENTThe scheme of plantation around the reservoir is given as follows:

i) The green belt will start from the immediate vicinity of the reservoir rim on both

the banks, up to the tail of the reservoir moderately steep slopes are available for

plantation.


WAPCOS Limited 10-2

ii) The width of the green belt will be around 50 m or as physiographic and land

features allow. There would be at least 2-3 layers of plantation.

iii) The green belt will be put under a protective regulatory framework to ensure that

it is not degraded or disturbed. No ecologically disruptive activity will be allowed

in this zone.

10.5 BUDGETThe plantations would be carried out on an approximate area of 10 ha. This work would be

completed in two years at an estimated cost of Rs.10.0 lakh at the rate of Rs.100000/- per

ha which includes the cost of nursery creation, advance works, actual plantations and

maintenance. The plantation for this purpose will be carried out by Forest Department, state

government of Arunachal Pradesh.


WAPCOS Limited 11-1

CHAPTER-11CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION

11.1 IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITYIn a water resources project, air pollution occurs mainly during project construction phase. The

major sources of air pollution during construction phase are:

Fuel combustion in various construction equipment, e.g. crushers, drillers, rock bolters,diesel generating vehicles, etc.

Fugitive emissions from crusher Impacts due to vehicular movement

a) Pollution due to fuel combustion in various equipmentThe operation of various construction equipment requires of combustion of fuel. Normally,

diesel is used in such equipment. The major pollutant, which gets emitted as a result of diesel

combustion is SO2. The SPM emissions are minimal due to low ash content. Based on past

experience in similar projects, SPM and SO2 are not expected to increase significantly. Thus, in

the proposed project, no significant impact on ambient air quality is expected as a result of

operation of various construction equipment.

b) Emissions from crusherThe operation of the crusher during the construction phase is likely to generate fugitive

emissions, which can move even up to 1 km in predominant wind direction. During construction

phase, one crusher of 60 tph capacity is likely to be commissioned. During crushing operations,

fugitive emissions comprising of the suspended particulate will be generated. There could be

marginal impacts to settlements close to the sites at which crusher is commissioned. However,

based on past experience, adverse impacts on this account are not anticipated. However,

during finalizing the project layout, it should be ensured that the labour camps, colonies, etc.

are located on the leeward side and outside the impact zone (about 1.5 to 2 km) of the

crushers.

c) Impacts due to vehicular movementDuring construction phase, there will be increased vehicular movement for transportation of

various construction materials to the project site. Large quantity of dust is likely to be

entrained due to the movement of trucks and other heavy vehicles. However, such ground

level emissions do not travel for long distances. Thus, no major adverse impacts are

anticipated on this account.

11.2 MITIGATION MEASURESa) Control of EmissionsMinor air quality impacts will be caused by emissions from construction vehicles, equipment

and DG sets and emissions from transportation traffic. Frequent truck trips will be required

during the construction period for removal of excavated material and delivery of select


WAPCOS Limited 11-2

concrete and other equipment and materials. The following measures are recommended to

control air pollution:

The contractor will be responsible for maintaining properly functioning construction

equipment to minimize exhaust.

Construction equipment and vehicles will be turned off when not used for extended

periods of time.

Unnecessary idling of construction vehicles to be prohibited.

Effective traffic management to be undertaken to avoid significant delays in and

around the project area.

Road damage caused by sub-project activities will be promptly attended to with

proper road repair and maintenance work.

b) Air Pollution control due to DG setsThe Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has issued emission limits for generators upto

800 KW. The same are outlined in Table-11.1, and are recommended to be followed.

Table-11.1: Emission limits for DG sets prescribed by CPCBParameter Emission limits (gm/kwhr)NOx 9.2HC 1.3CO 2.5PM 0.3Smoke limit* 0.7Note : * Light absorption coefficient at full load (m-1)

The above standards needs to followed by the contractor operating the DG sets. The other

measures are recommended as below:

Location of DG sets and other emission generating equipment should be decidedkeeping in view the predominant wind direction so that emissions do not effect nearbyresidential areas.

Stack height of DG sets to be kept in accordance with CPCB norms, which prescribesthe minimum height of stack to be provided with each generator set to be calculatedusing the following formula:H = h+0.2x √KVAH = Total height of stack in metreh = Height of the building in metres where the generator set is installedKVA = Total generator capacity of the set in KVA

c) Dust ControlDust ControlThe project authorities will work closely with representatives from the community living in the

vicinity of project area to identify areas of concern and to mitigate dust-related impacts


WAPCOS Limited 11-3

effectively (e.g., through direct meetings, utilization of construction management and

inspection program, and/or through the complaint response program). To minimize issues

related to the generation of dust during the construction phase of the project, the following

measures have been identified:

Identification of construction limits (minimal area required for construction activities).

When practical, excavated spoils will be removed as the contractor proceeds along

the length of the activity.

When necessary, stockpiling of excavated material will be covered or staged offsite

location with muck being delivered as needed during the course of construction.

Excessive soil on paved areas will be sprayed (wet) and/or swept and unpaved areas

will be sprayed and/or mulched. The use of petroleum products or similar products

for such activities will be strictly prohibited.

Contractors will be required to cover stockpiled soils and trucks hauling soil, sand,

and other loose materials (or require trucks to maintain at least two feet of

freeboard).

Contractor shall ensure that there is effective traffic management at site. The number

of trucks/vehicles to move at various construction sites to be fixed. One person will

be earmarked for this purpose.

Dust sweeping - The construction area and vicinity (access roads, and working

areas) shall be swept with water sweepers on a daily basis or as necessary to ensure

there is no visible dust. Three sweepers will be earmarked for this purpose

11.3 BUDGETAn amount of Rs. 27.0 lakh is earmarked for air pollution control. The details are given in

Table-11.2.

Table-11.2: Cost estimate for implementation of air pollution control measuresS. No. Activity Cost (Rs. lakh)

1 Repair of roads during construction phase 10.02 Hiring of 1 water Tanker @ Rs. 15,000 per month for 39

months including 10% escalation per year6..6

3 3 sweepers @ Rs. 8,000 per month for 39 monthsincluding 10% escalation per year

10.4

Total 27.0

11.4 IMPLEMENTING AGENCYThe above referred management measures shall be implemented by the Contractor involved

in construction phase. The same shall be monitored on a regular basis by the project

proponents.


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CHAPTER-12MEASURES FOR NOISE CONTROL

12.1 IMPACTS ON NOISE LEVELSIn a water resource projects, the impacts on ambient noise levels are expected only during the

project construction phase, due to earth moving machinery, etc. Likewise, noise due to

quarrying, blasting, vehicular movement will have some adverse impacts on the ambient noise

levels in the area.

12.2 MITIGATION MEASURESThe contractors will be required to maintain properly functioning equipment and comply with

occupational safety and health standards. The construction equipment will be required to use

available noise suppression devices and properly maintained mufflers.

vehicles to be equipped with mufflers recommended by the vehicle

manufacturer.

staging of construction equipment and unnecessary idling of equipment within

noise sensitive areas to be avoided whenever possible.

notification will be given to residents within 100 m of major noise generating

activities. The notification will describe the noise abatement measures that will

be implemented.

monitoring of noise levels will be conducted during the construction phase of the

project. In case of exceeding of pre-determined acceptable noise levels by the

machinery will require the contractor(s) to stop work and remedy the situation

prior to continuing construction.

The following Noise Standards for DG sets are recommended for the running of DG sets

during the construction:

The maximum permissible sound pressure level for new diesel generator sets with

rated capacity upto 1000 KVA shall be 75 dB(A) at 1 m from the enclosure surface.

Noise from the DG set should be controlled by providing an acoustic enclosure or by

treating the enclosure acoustically.

The Acoustic Enclosure should be made of CRCA sheets of appropriate thickness

and structural/ sheet metal base. The walls of the enclosure should be insulated with

fire retardant foam so as to comply with the 75 dBA at 1m sound levels specified by

CPCB, Ministry of Environment & Forests.

The acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment of the room should be designed for

minimum 25 dB(A) Insertion Loss or for meeting the ambient noise standards,

whichever is on the higher side.

The DG set should also be provided with proper exhaust muffler.


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Proper efforts to be made to bring down the noise levels due to the DG set, outside

its premises, within the ambient noise requirements by proper siting and control

measures.

A proper routine and preventive maintenance procedure for the DG set should be set

and followed in consultation with the DG set manufacturer which would help prevent

noise levels of the DG set from deteriorating with use.

Noise due to crusherBased on literature review, noise generated by a crusher is in the range of 79-80 dB(A) at a

distance of 250 ft or about 75 m from the crusher. Thus, noise level at a distance of 2 m from

the crusher shall be of the order of 110 dB(A). The exposure to labour operating in such high

noise areas shall be restricted upto 30 minutes on a daily basis. Alternatively, the workers

need to be provided with ear muffs or plugs, so as to attenuate the noise level near the

crusher by atleast 15 dB(A). The exposure to noise level in such a scenario to be limited

upto 4 hours per day.

It is known that continuous exposure to noise levels above 90 dB(A) affects the hearing of

the workers/operators and hence has to be avoided. Other physiological and psychological

effects have also been reported in literature, but the effect on hearing acuity has been

specially stressed. To prevent these effects, it has been recommended by international

specialist organizations that the exposure period of affected persons be limited as specified

in Table-12.1.

Table-12.1: Maximum Exposure Periods specified by OSHAMaximum equivalent continuous noiselevel dB(A)

Unprotected exposure period per day for8 hrs/day and 5 days/week

90 895 4

100 2105 1110 ½115 ¼120 No exposure permitted at or above this level


WAPCOS Limited 13-1

CHAPTER-13

WATER POLLUTION CONTROL

13.1 CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

During project construction phase, sufficient measures need to be implemented to

ameliorate the problem of water pollution from various sources. The sewage generated from

various labour camps should be treated in septic tanks and disposed by discharging into

nearest water body. However, efforts shall be made to discharge the treated effluent only in

these water bodies, which are not used for meeting domestic water requirements.

The construction activities would require a crusher to crush large lumps of rocks to the

requisite size for coarse as well as fine aggregates. The effluent generated from these

crushers will have high-suspended solids. The effluent needs to be treated before disposal.

Settling tanks of appropriate size for treatment of effluent from various crushers should be

provided.

During tunneling work the ground water flows into the tunnel along with construction water,

which is used for various works like drilling, shortcreting, etc. The effluent thus generated in the

tunnel contains high suspended solids. Normally, water is collected in the side drains and

drained off into the nearest water body without treatment. It is recommended to construct a

settling tank of adequate size to settle the suspended impurities. Effluents are expected to be

generated from 2 to 3 locations. The sludge from the various settling tanks can be collected

once in 15 days and disposed at the site designed for disposal of municipal solid wastes from

the labour camps. The sludge after drying could also be used as cover material for landfill

disposal site. An amount of Rs. 15.0 lakh needs to be earmarked for construction of various

settling tanks.

13.2 CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION DURING OPERATION PHASEIn the project operation phase, a plant colony with 50 quarters is likely to be set up. It is

recommended to provide a suitable Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) to treat the sewage

generated from the colony. The cost required for construction of sewage STP in the project

colony has already been covered in the budget earmarked for construction of the project

colony. Hence, the cost for the same has not been included in the cost for implementing

EMP.


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CHAPTER-14SOCIO ECONOMIC ASPECTS AND REHABILITATION & RESETTLEMENT PLAN

14.1 INTRODUCTION

Most often, development projects are planned based on the availability of exploitable natural

resources. Upon commissioning these act on growth foci. This attracts flow of finances,

investments, jobs and other livelihood opportunities, which brings in people from different

cultural and social background. Such planned activities not only provide impetus to the local

economy but also bring about a multi-dimensional economic, social and cultural change.

Most often it has been observed that such development projects are commissioned in

economically and socially backward areas, which are inhabited by some of the indigenous

populations. Commissioning of development project invariably brings about a number of

desired and undesired impacts along with it.

The Kangtangshiri Hydro-electric Project is located in a backward area. A detailed social

economic study was undertaken to understand the overall social and economic status of the

project affected families residing in the project affected villages. This comprehension would

help planners to make an assessment of the likely overall impacts of the proposed project on

socio-economic aspects.

14.2 STUDY OBJECTIVES

The main aim of the study is to assess the socio-economic status of the project affected

villages/ families/ persons, and subsequently to prepare Resettlement and Rehabilitation

Plan for the Project Affected Families (PAFs) affected by the Kangtangshiri Hydroelectric

Project. More specifically, the objectives of the study are to:

Undertake a survey of the affected villages and population, i.e. villages falling

within the submergence area and the working area of the project.

Understand various socio-economic aspects of the affected population viz.,

profile of the affected villages, demographic characteristics and socio-economic

conditions.

Formulate a Resettlement and Rehabilitation package for the project affected

families.

After the completion of the field survey, the schedules were cleaned of their internal

discrepancies. Thereafter the schedules were coded and fed into computer for analysis. The

keyed information/ data were then analyzed. Based on the results and opinions of the

affected population (as captured through the schedules), R&R Plan has been prepared.


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14.3 STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGYThe information required to assess the socio-economic profile and property enumeration for

preparation of Resettlement and Rehabilitation Master Plan was collected with the help of a

detailed quantitative socio-economic survey of the Project Affected Families (PAFs) in the

affected villages. The information on the following socio-economic parameters was collected:

Demographic profile Educational levels Occupational Profile Land holding pattern Assets owned Livestock and other socio-economic parameters etc.

14.3.1 Preparation

Before the actual survey work started, collection of base-line information was collected

secondary sources were undertaken. These included existing documents, reports and other

publications relevant to the project.

The project developer had got a topographic survey conducted, in the project area including

submergence area, which has been used to assess the land to be acquired for the project.

A household level survey schedule was devised, which was formulated to capture the overall

socio-economic status of the PAFs material assets owned by them. The survey schedule was

formulated to be a series of prompts, rather than a structured questionnaire, to allow the

investigators to phrase queries according to the circumstance during interpersonal interviews

with PAFs. This survey schedule was pre-tested in the field, and was finalized after necessary

modifications to make it more project and area specific.

14.3.2 Field work

For the process of primary data collection, a survey team comprising of local investigators

was put-together from amongst the affected communities. Members of the survey team

(investigators/ surveyors) were local educated youths. Training was imparted to the members

of the survey team, wherein they were appraised about the purpose of the survey and on the

method of interaction with the PAFs and to elicit required information and how to fill-in the

survey schedules. The survey team traversed the entire project area, including submergence

area, dam alignment and site of other project appurtenances in each of the project affected

villages. The survey team visited all the villages in which land is proposed to be acquired. The

survey team coordinator scrutinized the filled-in survey schedules for internal discrepancies


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and missing information; which were eliminated in the field, in some cases by either going

back to the concerned families, before it was coded for computerization.

14.3.3 Data compilation, Analysis and Reporting

As part of the Survey, a total of 60 families were covered. The filled-in survey schedules were

scrutinized before they were computerized using database computer software. The raw data

was then compiled and systematized before it was analyzed for various socio-economic

parameters. Data analysis was undertaken using MS Excel computer software. The analyzed

outputs have been used in reporting the findings of the socio-economic survey.

14.4 PROJECT AFFECTED FAMILIESThere are a total of 60 families will be losing land due to the project. No family will be losinghomestead. The number of families losing land in each PAF is given in Table-14.1.

Table-14.1 : Number of PAFs

S.No. Village Number of PAF1 Deechenthang 72 Dorjiling 93 Rego 394 Segang 35 Sekear 2

Total 60

14.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE SURVEYED POPULATIONThe details of socio-economic profiles of the surveyed population are given in the following

paragraphs of this report.

14.5.1 Religious affiliationAs part of the socio-economic survey, information on the religious affiliation of the project

affected families was gathered. It has been observed from the data collected that most of the

residents of the project area are Animist followed by Buddhist, Muslim, Hindu and Christian.

The distribution of the surveyed families on the basis of religion is depicted in Table 14.2.

Table - 14.2: Distribution of surveyed population on the basis of religionS.no Name of the

villageChristian Buddhist Hindu Muslim Other

/animistTotal

1 Deechenthang 72 Dorjiling 93 Rego 1 2 364 Segong 35 Sekear 1 1

Total 1 20 1 2 36 60


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14.5.2 Caste profile of surveyed populationAs part of the socio-economic survey, information on the caste profile of the surveyed

population was also gathered. It is seen that all the household population belongs to Schedule

Tribe category. The details are given in Table-14.3.

Table 14.3: Distribution of the surveyed families on the basis of Tribes

S.No Name of the Village ADI RAMO MEMBA Total1 Deechenthang 7 72 Dorjiling 9 93 Rego 39 394 Segong 3 35 Sekear 2 2

Adi Ramo Tribe is the dominant tribe in the surveyed population with 65% followed by

Memba Tribe which accounts for 35% of the surveyed population.

14.5.3 Demographic Profile

The survey team contacted all the 60 project affected families. The total population of the

project affected area is 283, of which 53.7%of the population is male and 46.3% of the

population is female (Refer Figure-14.1). The numbers of female per thousand males amongst

project affected families is 862.

Figure-14.1: Distribution of male and female population in the PAFs

The information on marital status among the surveyed population was also collected as a part

of the survey. The details are shown in Table-14.4. It is observed that 57.2% of the surveyed

populations is about ‘single/un-married ‘and about 37.5% “married’. About 3.9% of the

surveyed population comprises of ‘widows’ who had lost their spouse. Widowers account for

MALE54%

FEMALE46%

MALE

FEMALE


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0.3% of the total population. During survey, about 1.1% of the surveyed population was

separated from their spouse.

Table-14.4: Marital status of surveyed population

Information on the residential status was also collected from the surveyed population. The

details are shown in Table 14.5. As per this table, about 86.4% of the surveyed population is

‘resident’, i.e. these persons live in their respective villages. On the other hand, about 9.2% of

the surveyed population are ‘non-residents’, i.e., these persons although are residents of their

respective affected villages, but they have migrated to various parts of the country. It is

observed that 4.4% of population did not respond.

Table 14.5: Resident and non-resident population amongst PAFs

14.5.4 Educational Profile

As part of the socioeconomic survey, information on the educational profile of the affectedpopulation was also gathered. It is observed from the data collected that 56.9% of thepopulation is literate. The educational profile of the surveyed population is depicted in Table14.6.Table-14.6: Educational profile of the surveyed populationS.No Name of the

VillagePrimarySchool

MiddleSchool

SecondarySchool

SeniorSecondarySchool

Graduate PostGraduate

1 Deechenthang 3 8 4 12 Dorjiling 11 1 3 4 7 13 Rego 15 20 36 294 Segong 1 7 65 Sekear 4 1 3

Total 31 32 56 37 8 1

S.No Name of theVillage

Single Married Widow Widower Separated

1 Deechenthang 14 6 22 Dorjiling 45 19 6 13 Rego 91 69 1 34 Segong 6 95 Sekear 6 3 2

Total 162 106 11 1 3

S.No Name of the Village Yes No1 Deechenthang 222 Dorjiling 713 Rego 148 264 Segong 155 Sekear 11

Total 245 26


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Among the literates, about 18.8%, 19.3%, 33.9% and 22.4% are in the primary school level,

middle school level, secondary school level and senior secondary school level respectively.

About 4.84% of the surveyed population has either completed or presently undergoing

education in the graduation level. Likewise, about 0.60% of the surveyed population has either

completed or undergoing education in post-graduation level.

14.5.5 Vulnerable PopulationThe survey collected illustrates that a total of 22 persons comprising about 8% of the total

PAFs among the population is vulnerable. The details of the vulnerable population of the

project affected families are given in Table 14.7.

Table 14.7: Vulnerable population of the surveyed populationS.No Name of the

VillageDestitute Orphan Physically

ChallengedServants Labour Total

1 Deechenthang 1 1 12 Dorjiling 1 4 2 2 7 53 Rego 1 44 Segong 45 Sekear 1 1 1 8

14.5.6 Occupational Profile of PAFs

The information on the occupational profile of the surveyed population was also gathered as

part of the socio-economic survey and the key findings are summarized in Table-14.8.

Table-14.8: Occupational profile of the surveyed populationS.No Name of the

Village

Bus

ines

s

Con

trac

tor

Farm

er

Gov

ernm

ent J

ob

Hou

sew

ife

Job

Labo

ur

Serv

ice

Stud

ent

Tank

ar

Teac

hing

1 Deechenthang 4 4 2 20 22 Dorjiling 3 17 0 1 1 1 1 33 Rego 2 4 30 3 32 2 1 3 1004 Segong 7 4 285 Sekear 2 0 6

Total 5 4 60 3 40 3 4 4 155 3 2

As per the details depicted in Table 14.8, it is observed that about 68.9 % of the surveyed

population is not engaged in any economically productive activity. This population includes

persons who are students and housewives as well of PAFs. Students comprise about 54.77%

of the surveyed population.


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14.5.7 Land holding patternThe information on land holding pattern of PAFs was also gathered as a part of the survey. As

per the available information approximately 76.7% of the total surveyed families possess

irrigated agricultural land. About 71.7% of the surveyed families have un-irrigated agricultural

land. The survey elucidates that 30.00% of the surveyed families have Community owned

Forest Land, whereas 8.33% of surveyed families have forest land. Homestead plots in village

and homestead plots in fields are owned by 18.33% and 3.33% of surveyed families. Pasture

and orchards are owned by 15% and 20% of the surveyed families respectively. 80% of the

surveyed families own kitchen garden. The details of the ownership of land owned by the

surveyed families is also depicted in the Figure 14.2.

Figure-14.2: Land holding pattern of Project Affected Families

14.5.8 Livestock rearingAlmost all the project affected families are engaged in agricultural activities and rearing of

livestock is an integral part, of a way of life in the project area. The details of livestock owned

by the surveyed population covered as part of the survey is given in Table-14.9. Cows are the

main source of milk for the surveyed population. In all there are 104 heads of cows, of which

47 give milk. Bull/ Ox are used to plough agricultural fields and there are about 18 heads.

Further, there are about 36 heads of calves. In addition about 41 Mithuns, 52 pigs, 52 goats,

40 poultry and 9 others are also owned by the project affected families. The total number of

the livestock owned by the Project Affected Families is 352.

Agr Land(irr),76.67%

Agr(unirr), 71.67%

homestead plots infields, 3.33%

CommunityForest\, 30.00%Forest Land, 8.33%

Homestead PlotVillage, 18.33%

Other,6.67%

Kitchen Garden,80%

Orchads, 20% Pastures, 15% Agr Land(irr)

Agr(unirr)

homestead plots infieldsCommunity Forest\

Forest Land

Homestead Plot Village

Other


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Table-14.9: Livestock reared by surveyed populationS.No Name of the

Village

Tota

lC

ows

Cow

sM

ilk Cal

ves

Bul

ls/O

x

Mith

un

Poul

try

Goa

ts

Pigs

Oth

er

1 Deechenthang 7 7 6 6 2 4 6 6 12 Dorjiling 7 12 6 7 7 8 8 83 Rego 37 14 18 29 25 33 33 64 Segong 3 9 4 3 2 2 3 3 25 Sekear 3 5 2 2 1 1 2 2

Total 57 47 36 18 41 40 52 52 9

14.5.9 TreesAlmost all the project affected families are engaged in agricultural activities and growing and

rearing of trees.Both fruit bearing and timber trees are quite common among the villagers.

Trees such as Apple, Champa, Nashpati, Neem, Peach, Pine, Palm,Aaru, Jhumi and Wood

shings etc. are cultivated and reared by the surveyed population.

14.5.10 Ownership of material assetsInformation on ownership of agricultural implements and consumer durables were also

collected as part of the socio-economic survey. The village-wise details are highlighted in

Table 14.10.

Table-14.10: Ownership of agricultural implements and consumer durables by PAFsS.No

Name oftheVillage

TV Cab

le

TR LPG

Tran

sist

or/R

adio

Mob

ile

Bic

ycle

CD

Car

Mot

or B

ike

Ref

riger

ator

Mod

ern

furn

iture

Wris

t Wat

ch

Spad

e

Hoe

I-Hoe

Seed

Oth

er

Cut

ter

Leve

ler

Thre

sher

Cha

ffCut

1 Deechenthang

6 2 4 1 2 1 1 1 4 7 5 1 1

2 Dorjiling 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 9 9 8

3 Rego 37 29 25 21 28 27 3 28 2 6 5 24 31 30 35 11 4 29

4 Segong 3 1 1 5 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1

5 Sekear 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2

Total 57 41 35 36 40 45 14 39 11 17 15 34 48 51 54 25 14 31 11 11 10 12

14.5.11 Types of Households

As a part of the survey, information or type of households were also collected. It is observed

from the survey that 16.67% of the households are permanent (Houses with wall and roof

made of permanent materials. Walls were metal G. I., Metal, Bricks, Stone or Concrete. The

commonly used roof material were G. I., Metal, Asbestos sheets, Brick, Stone or Concrete).

About 73.33% of the households are Semi permanent (Either wall or roof is made of


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permanent material (and the other having been made of temporary material. About 10.00% of

the households were temporary in nature, with both walls and roof being made of temporary

material. Walls in semi-permanent house were made of grass, Thatch, Bamboo, Plastic,

Polythene, Mud, Unburnt brick or wood. Roof were be made of grass, Thatch, Bamboo, Wood,

Mud, Plastic or Polythene). The details are given in Table 14.11.

Table -14.11: Structure of the household of the surveyed PAFsS.No Name of the Village Permanent Semi

PermanentTemporary Total

1 Deechenthang 2 5 92 Dorjiling 8 83 Rego 39 394 Segong 3 35 Sekear 2 1 1

14.5.12 Source of Energy for CookingThe main source of cooking amongst Project affected families is Firewood. The details of the

source of energy for cooking are given in Table 14.12. Almost 83.33% of the surveyed PAFs

use firewood only. Almost 15% of PAFs use both firewood and LPG. 1 PAF used only LPG.

Table 14.12: Source of energy for cooking of the of the surveyed PAFsS.NO Name of the Village Firewood LPG Firewood/LPG Total

1 Deechenthang 5 1 1 72 Dorjiling 3 6 93 Rego 38 1 394 Segong 3 35 Sekear 1 1 2

14.5.13 Source of Energy for Power SupplyThe details of source energy amongst the PAFs are given in Table -14.13.

Table-14.13: Source of the Power Supply in the Surveyed PAFs

S.No Name of theVillage

Electricity KeroseneLamp

SolarLamp

Kerosene/SolarLamp

Total

1 Deechenthang 1 3 1 52 Dorjiling 10 103 Rego 1 10 29 404 Segong 2 1 35 Sekear 1 1 2


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It is observed that Solar Lamp is the main source of the power supply, as almost 74% of the

surveyed PAFs use the same, followed by Kerosene Lamp (24%).

14.5.14 Drinking Water FacilityAlmost 56.7% of the households have drinking water facility within the residence, 40.0% of

the surveyed households have access to the drinking water outside the Residence. Almost

3.33% households avail the drinking water facility within the village. Table 14.14 elucidates

the details of the drinking water facility in the surveyed population. Table 14.14 above

elucidates the source of drinking water facility of the surveyed population.

Table-14.14: Drinking Water Facility in the surveyed PopulationS.No Name of the Village Within

ResidenceOutsideResidence

Within theVillage

Total

1 Deechenthang 1 6 72 Dorjiling 3 5 1 93 Rego 30 9 394 Segong 3 35 Sekear 1 1 2

Total 34 24 2 60

Table-14.15: Source of Drinking Water in the surveyed PAFs

S.No Name of the Village Tap Hand-Pump

Well Pond River Tap/Handpump

Tap/River

1 Deechenthang 3 1 1 32 Dorjiling 3 4 13 Rego 3 364 Segong 35 Sekear 1 1

Total 10 1 1 1 42 4 1

It is observed that river is the major source for drinking water which is used by most of the

surveyed population, followed by the Tap, Tap/Handpump etc. It is further observed through

survey that mostly supply of drinking water in the surveyed villages is through government

supply 51.67%, private 36.67% and community owned 11.67%. Drinking water facility is

available for 86.67% of the PAFs throughout the year. Whereas drinking water facility is

available in the villages for 6 to 9 months 3 to 6 months is 5% and 6.7% respectively. 1.67%

of population receives drinking water facility less than 3 months.



14.5.15 Sanitation FacilityIt is observed from the data collected for the surveyed villages that out of total 60

households there are only 1.7% of the surveyed families that has facility of the Water Closet

Lavatory, followed by dry lavatory which is used by 20.0 % of the total surveyed families.

Majority of 73.3% of the surveyed use Pit Lavatory. Almost 5.00% of the surveyed household

does not have any lavatory facility. Village wise details for the Lavatory facility amongst the

PAFs is given in Table 14.16.

Table-14.16: Lavatory Facility amongst surveyed PAFsS.No Name of the Village Water closet

lavatoryDry Lavatory Pit Lavatory No Facility

1 Deechenthang 1 102 Dorjiling 13 Rego 1 414 Segong 1 2 15 Sekear 1

Total 1 12 43 4

Details of bathroom facility in the households of PAFs is Table-14.17. About 45% of the

PAFs have bathroom facility with their household.

Table-14.17: Bathroom Facility in the household of PAFs

14.5.16 Common DiseasesIt has been observed through the information collected from the survey that major diseases

that occur in the surveyed population are malaria, common cold, cough, fever, viral fever and

stomach ailments including gastroenteritis. jaundice, tuberculosis, dengue and cholera are

the other commonly observed diseases in the area. The type of medical treatment that is

mostly adopted by the PAFs is Allopathic followed by Homeopathy, Home remedies and

traditional faith healers.

S.No Name of the Village Yes No1 Deechenthang 4 32 Dorjiling 93 Rego 12 264 Segong 1 25 Sekear 1 2

Total 27 33



14.5.17 Awareness about ProjectAccording to the responses gathered through the survey it is observed that 95% of surveyed

population is aware about the project in their area. Whereas 5% of the population are

unaware about the project.

14.6 RESETTLEMENT & REHABILITATION PRINCIPLESThe State Government of Arunachal Pradesh has its own Rehabilitation Policy – State

Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy 2008, which was promulgated as per notification LM-

20/2005 dated 20th September 2008. The National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation

for Project Affected Families – 2007 (NRRP – 2007) which has been formulated by the

Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural Development. The guidelines of NRRP –

2007 and the State R&R Policy have been followed, and which ever guidelines were higher

have been used for the preparation of Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan for the PAFs of

Kangtangshiri hydroelectric project.

A R&R Plan provides a broad conceptual and ideological framework for rehabilitation and

resettlement. It provides prerequisite data (group-wise and area-wise), on which a

Rehabilitation Action Plan (RAP) can be based. The Plan provides concepts, principles and

framework as well as projections for various alternatives of rehabilitation. It tries to

understand and describe the general socio-economic dynamics of the population to be

displaced. Moreover, it gives order of expenditure for the implementation of R&R measures.

The objectives of the Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan are to:

Provide assistance and other support to the PAFs so that they regain their

previous standard of living, if not improve, within a reasonable transition period.

Pay compensation for loss of land, houses and all other immovable properties to

the PAFs as per the Land Acquisition Act (LAA). This is done primarily as there is

no other National Law under which Project authority can acquire land for the

construction of projects. Besides, the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 has laid down

certain norms for compensation for acquisition of private property.

Improve the quality of life, activities connected with primary education, primary

health care, women and child welfare, care of the aged & destitute can be

organized.

Assist the PAFs in regaining their economic status in the initial stages in such a

way that they can sustain on their own and do not have to depend on the project

authorities for long. The project authorities can slowly phase-out their assistance



and leave the PAFs to depend on their own economic activities and social

lifestyle.

14.7 RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION INTERVENTIONS

The process of R&R has two distinct components namely resettlement and rehabilitation.

Resettlement primarily involves the physical relocation of the affected population to a new

residential site. Rehabilitation on the other hand means to assist the affected population so

that every individual could regain and/or improve him/her life and socio-economic status

after displacement. Imparting skills and/or vocations to the PAPs primarily is undertaken in

this. Resettlement and Rehabilitation involves the following interventions:

Acquisition of land and homestead plots would have to be compensated in

accordance with the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 and provisions laid in the NRRP-

2007

Resettlement involves provision of alternate housing site along with amenities

and facilities. Also, assistance is given to the PAFs while shifting to these sites.

The intervention for Resettlement broadly includes:

Provision of Houses, Housing plot, Construction assistance etc.

Assistance to PAFs for shifting to new sites

Provision of essential Civic Amenities and Services.

The Rehabilitation package is conceptualized around a development strategy to

bring about a positive socio-economic transformation of the PAFs, so as to

improve the quality of their life. This is done primarily through the following

measures:

Provision of alternate land/ job/ vocational training

Opportunities to avail the facilities of training in various trades

In line with the R&R interventions mentioned above the following measures are suggested

for each of the components, in the following paragraphs.

14.8 ESTIMATION OF AFFECTED LAND AND PAFs

Based on the field assessment, it is observed that, in all there are 60 project affected

families who are expected to lose land. No family is likely to lose homestead. The details of

project affected families are given in Table-14.18.



Table-14.18 : Details of Project Affected FamiliesDetails of land category Number of PAFsOnly Land 60Only Homestead 0Both Land & Homestead 0Total 60

Source: Field studies.

As per available data/information a total of 60 project affected families will lose land in

varying proportions under agricultural land and/or homestead land due to the process of land

acquisition for in Kangtanshri H.E.Project. In addition, many of the PAFs will also lose

various horticultural trees, which are standing on the lands proposed for acquisition. These

trees will have to be compensated.

14.9 RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION PLANThe resettlement and rehabilitation plan for the project affected families/ persons of the

proposed Kangtangshiri H.E. Project has been formulated within the provisions and/or

guidelines as given in the NRRP (2007) by Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural

Development, Government of India & State Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy(2008). Although, the guidelines of SRRP – 2008 have been followed to a large extent while

formulating the R&R plan, but wherever there are no specific provisions in the policy, the

provisions provided in similar kind of projects in Arunachal Pradesh have been considered

for the formulation of this R&R plan. No family is losing homestead, hence Resettlement

Plan is not required.

14.9.1 Measures for RehabilitationAbout 60 PAFs that are likely to get affected/lose their agricultural lands due to acquisition of

their land for the proposed project. Land for Land would have to be meticulously followed,

especially in view of PAFs’ tribal origin. All the PAFs who are expected to lose land would be

compensated as per the rates that would be assessed and decided by the District

Authorities. An amount of Rs. 270.6 lakh is likely to be spent for implementation of

Rehabilitation Plan. The details of rehabilitation measures as outlined in the SRRP – 2008

are highlighted in Table-14.19.



Table-14.19 : Resettlement plan for Project Affected Families

ClauseNo. Description of Clause Unit No of

UnitsCostper Unit(Rs)

Cost(Rs) Remarks

8.6Livelihood andRehabilitation grant

8.6.1 In case of a projectinvolving land acquisitionon behalf of a requiringbody, each of the affectedfamily who have beenrendered landless afterland acquisition and havenot been providedagriculture land oremployment shall beentitled to a livelihoodgrant equivalent to 1000days minimum agriculturelabour wage @ `100 perday.

PerFamily 60 1,00,000 6,000,000

8.12

Pension for life toVulnerable AffectedpersonThe project authoritiesshall, at their cost, arrangefor annuity policies that willpay a pension of 500/- permonth for life to thevulnerable affected personas indicated at paragraph7.1.6(iv) of state policy (Atpara 7.1.6(iv) vulnerableperson are defined asdisabled, destitute,orphans, widows,unmarried girls,abandoned woman, orperson above fifty years ofage, who are not providedor cannot immediately beprovided with alternativelivelihood and who are nototherwise covered as partof a family)

PerPerso

n22 500 6,600,000

Assumingaverage life ofVulnerablePersons as50 years

8.14 Special Provisions





Cost(Rs) Remarks

8.14.5 To provide to each PAF,the benefit of 100 unit ofelectricity per month free ofcharge for a period of 10years from date ofcommissioning of HEP

PerPAF 60 3,600,000

Average rateistaken as 5 perunit - 100(units/month)x 12(months) x 10(years) x 5(cost/unit)

9.1

Compensation for theDiversion of theUnclassified State Forest(USF) and ReserveForest*Tribal people arecompensated for loss ofcustomary rights and useof forest produce @ Rs1,56,000/ha for USF areaand @ ` 76,000/ha forreserved forest land

Per ha 34.61 1,56,000 53,99,160

8.10.4 The requiring body shallofferscholarships and other skilldevelopment opportunitiesto theeligible persons from theaffectedfamilies as per the criteriaas maybe fixed by the appropriateGovernment

PerPAF

60

30,000

7,20,000

It is proposedthat ascholarship ofRs 500 permonth for aperiod of 24months wouldbe

extendedto one childeach fromPAFs. Rs500/month x60 for 24months

8.10.6 The affected persons shallbeoffered the necessarytrainingfacilities for developmentofentrepreneurship, technicalandprofessional skills for selfemployment

PerPAF 60 29,000 17,40,000

Grant of Rs.2000/monthfor 6 monthsfor 60 PAFs= Rs. 7.2lakhs

Fees @ Rs.5000/person





Cost(Rs) Remarks

for 60persons =Rs. 3.0lakhs

Hostel cost@ Rs. 2000/ person for6 months for60 persons= Rs. 7.2lakhs

TotalAmount: Rs.17.4 lakhs

7.21.5 R&R Benefits to SC/STPAFs as per NRRP,2007In case of a projectinvolving land acquisitionon behalf of a requiringbody, each ScheduledTribe affected family shallget an additional one-timefinancial assistanceequivalent to five hundreddays minimum agriculturalwages for loss ofcustomary rights or usagesof forest produce.

PerFamily 60 50,000 3,000,000.

00

All 120 PAFsare STand as perNRRP,2007; STPAFsshould get500days MAW

2705,9160.0

Total (Rs Cr) Say 2.706

The training programmes of Ministry of Tribal Affairs MoTA) are given in Table-14.19. The

training programmes to members may be imparted as per the programmes of MoTA

available

Table-14.20 : Scheme of MoTA identified for skill development of PAPsS. No. Options for Skill development

1. Bamboo Furniture Making2. Dhaba & Restaurant3. Fruit & Vegetable shop4. Horticulture



S. No. Options for Skill development5. Minor Forest Product6. Piggery7. Poultry

14.9.2 Area Development ActivitiesIn addition, the Project affected families shall be provided the basic amenities and

infrastructure facilities at the resettlement site as per norms specified by the appropriate

Government. It is desirable that provision of drinking water, electricity, schools, dispensaries

and access to the resettlement sites amongst others be included in the resettlement plan

formulated by the Administrator of R&R. Since the prescribed scale have not been specified

in the NRRP-2007, the Consultant, based on its field observation, and past experience in

similar types of projects in Arunachal Pradesh, suggest that the project proponent shall have

to provide the following Civic Amenities. Since tribal villages are integrated and very closely

knit, facilities for the PAFs may be extended to the remaining villagers as well, as these

affected villages are very small, in terms of number of families or population residing in them.

Piped water supply for drinking purpose. This could be provided by harnessing the

natural sources of water and constructing storage tanks. These community tanks

could then be connected with pipeline, community taps. The approximate cost for

storage tanks, laying the PVC pipeline for distribution, works out to be approximately

Rs.3.0 million @ Rs.0.6 million per village is extended to all the affected villages.

Sanitation facilities-The project villages lack proper sanitation facilities. Although

most of the villagers are not in the habit of using lavatory facilities presently, therefore

it is suggested to provide cost effective lavatory facilities for them. It is suggested to

provide about 20 community lavatories with septic tanks and soak pits in all the four

affected villages to be used by the residents. An amount of Rs.0.6 million/village can

be earmarked. An amount of Rs.3.0 million is earmarked for this purpose.

A Higher Secondary School with playground is proposed to be constructed at the

project cost for the benefit of the PAFs as well. About 1500 sq.m. of land would be

required for construction of higher secondary school. This includes school building (800

m2) and play ground (700 m2). The school building should have at least 20 rooms (size

40m2 including room, common areas, etc), which would include primary section as well.

The site for the school shall be finalized by the project proponents, in consultation with

local government/ administration. Necessary electrical fitting for the bulb/tube-light, Fan

are also proposed in each room. The cost of construction of the school is approximately

Rs.4.0 million In case the local administration proposes to upgrade the existing higher



secondary school in the vicinity of the project area, this amount shall be provided for the

same. The PAFs shall be assured to get benefit of their wards education in this school.

The facilities suggested as a part of the R&R Plan should be made available not only to

the resettled households but also to the remaining villagers (affected families) in the study

area and its vicinity. Thus, a total provision of Rs.100.0 lakh may be earmarked for this

purpose. The details are given in Table-14.20.

Table-14.21 : Summary of Area Development Activities

S. No. Additional Area Development Activities Cost (Rs. lakh)1 Piped water supply 30.02 Sanitation facilities 30.03 Higher secondary school with play ground 40.0

Total 100.0

14.10 INSTITUTIONAL/ ADMINISTRATIVE ARRANGEMENT FOR IMPLEMENTATIONOF R&R MEASURES

In order to ensure smooth and effective land acquisition, implementation of R&R measures,

monitoring of R&R operations etc., the NRRP – 2007 lays provision for appointment for

commissioner R&R and Administrator R&R.

The State Government shall appoint an officer of the rank of Commissioner/ Secretary of

that government for R&R in respect of such projects to which this policy (NRRP-2007)

applies to the commissioner shall be responsible for supervising the formulation of R&R

plans/schemes, proper implementation of such plans/schemes and redressal of grievances.

The State Government shall, by notification, appoint in respect of that project, an officer not

below the rank of District Collector of the State Government to be Administrator for R&R.

Subject to the superintendence, directions and control of the appropriate Government and

Commissioner for R&R, the Administrator for R&R shall take all measures for the

rehabilitation and resettlement of all PAFs in respect of that project. The overall control and

superintendence of the formulation of R&R plan and execution of the same shall rest in the

Administration for R&R. The Administrator for R&R shall be assisted by officers and

employees as the appropriate Government may provide.

In view of the above, WAPCOS suggest the following institutional arrangement for effective

implementation & monitoring of R&R activities.

A) Supervisory Body Commissioner for R&R Project In-chargeB) Implementation Body Administrator for R&R Head of Project Representatives of village level Committees (VLC)



Representatives of women of the affected villages. Representatives of Nationalized Bank Representatives of Forest Department Representatives of Local NGOs MLA/MP of the Area

Besides the foregoing organizational arrangement, liaison should be established by the

Administrator for R&R with the other government departments, which will extend support in

the implementation of land acquisition and rehabilitation programmes. Specifically,

government organizations like Department of Revenue, Rural Development, Agriculture,

Forest, Horticulture, Rural Industries etc., can be contacted for dovetailing their programmes

for the economic rehabilitation of PAFs. These organizations/departments shall not only

extend their various development schemes for the economic welfare of the PAFs but would

also provide technical guidance and training to PAFs in carrying out economic activities.

However, the NRRP-2007 indicates R&R Committee at Project level, under the

Chairmanship of Administrator for R&R.

Monitoring and EvaluationMonitoring and Evaluation (M&E) must be simultaneous with the implementation of

Rehabilitation Plan. It requires specialized skill for application of general project monitoring

procedures to the process of land acquisition and rehabilitation. Conventional monitoring,

normally carried out by the Government machinery, often misses focus on certain vital

aspects and does not identify certain shortcomings, which may otherwise prove very

important. While the conventional government monitoring will continue, an external M&E

agency will also be engaged to help in proper monitoring of land acquisition and

rehabilitation programmes. The main purpose of involving such an agency is to bring the

problems and difficulties faced by the PAFs to the notice of Administrator R&R on a regular

basis for their redressal as well as to help in formulating and undertaking corrective

measures. The external Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) agency can submit half yearly

reports on the progress of implementing Rehabilitation Master Plan (RMP) along with

suggestions and corrective measures required for improvement in the implementation of

Rehabilitation Plan.

For Land Acquisition and rehabilitation programme, M&E system will consist of:

i) Administrative monitoring;ii) Socio-economic performance, andiii) Impact evaluation.



Administrative monitoring will be conventionally carried out by SLAO, project authorities,

Resettlement Commissioner and other concerned government agencies/departments. The

focus will be on physical (like number of land holders affected and land based resettlement,

area identified for allotment to Village Level Committee, etc.) and financial (like

compensation paid, payment to M&E agency, office establishment cost, etc.) parameters.

The socio-economic monitoring which will be carried out concurrently is the crux of M&E

exercise to provide interim measures based on the field level situations. This along-with

impact evaluation at the end of plan period will be carried out by the M&E agency. While

covering the affected community, monitoring will focus on the vulnerable groups like women,

physically handicapped, etc. The household information collected through the socio-

economic survey will form the benchmarks for comparison. However, these benchmarks will

be supplemented in order to create new reference points against performance, effects and

objectives.

Monitoring and Evaluation GuidelinesMonitoring of the progress of R&R is important because of the sensitivity of these issues.

The objective of monitoring is to assess the progress of resettlement activity, to identify

difficulties, ascertain problem areas, and provide indication for the need of calling attention to

some specific issues at an early stage. Following tasks have to be performed by the group at

different stages of the project:

Establish baseline information on individual PAFs and their pre-project standards of

living, health conditions, nutritional patterns, etc. This should precede resettlement in

general by a year.

The planning of the resettlement monitoring studies could cover disbursement of

compensation and grants.

Monitoring of resettlement sites regarding, preparation of land, construction activities,

water and other facilities required before the actual resettling of PAFs.

The resettlement monitoring system could cover transport of people, belongings and

allocation of replacement assets. Their report should also include information on

performance of field staff and concerned official’s participation of the PAFs and host

community reactions.

After resettlement, a few sensitive indicators using sample survey techniques should

be measured, mainly to understand how effective the R&R plan has been in reality.

The monitoring and evaluation can continue for several years after actual relocation.

The frequency of monitoring can be reduced after the completion of R&R work. The



monitoring reports need to be submitted periodically to assess progress of

resettlement and its effects compared with established policy and specific timetables

and benchmarks at each phase.

Post-Project MonitoringStatus of availability of alternative homestead for project affected persons, development of

infrastructural facilities such as schools, sewer networks, roads, etc. are some of the aspects

which could be considered for monitoring and modifications may be suggested if required. It

needs to be appreciated that R&R issues are politically sensitive issues and often need

timely attention. For such reasons, it is suggested that the monitoring be conducted by an

independent agency not connected with the project. Therefore, an independent Consultant

having experience in R&R studies in similar areas, i.e. north-eastern states and not

connected with the project, can be appointed for monitoring the project. The Consultant will

review the rehabilitation and resettlement programme after 2nd, 4th and 6th year from the

completion of the R&R activity. A total provision of Rs.15 lakh has been kept in the project

estimate for this purpose.

Participation of PAFsInvolvement of affected communities in planning and implementation of rehabilitation

programmes according to their felt needs and socio-economic conditions is of vital

importance. To obtain co-operation, participation and feedback, PAFs need to be

systematically informed and consulted during preparation and implementation of

resettlement plan about their options and rights. In the proposed project, co-operation and

participation of PAFs in the resettlement process could be ensured through their involvement

in each of the following stages.

Involvement in preparation of Rehabilitation Master PlanAs a part of participatory planning, community meetings should be held on a routine

basis to explain about the project and the R&R policy of the project. Direct

communication with the PAFs will negate the politicization of the R&R Process. The

communication with the PAFs can be through the Village Level Committee.

Involvement of PAFs in implementation processThe Village Level Committee can be involved in the implementation of Rehabilitation

Plan particularly during the identification of forest land to be allotted to Village Level

Committee. They should also be consulted in finding out alternative economic

opportunities to supplement their household income. However, some NGO groups



can also be associated which can interact directly with the project authorities and the

affected population.

14.11 BUDGETS FOR R&RA total budget of Rs. 385.60 lakh would be required for implementation of R&R Plan. The


Table-14.22: Budgetary estimate for implementation of R&R Plan

S. No R&R Components Cost (Rs. lakh)1. Rehabilitation plan 270.62. Area Development Activities 100.03. Monitoring and evaluation set-up 15.0

Total 385.60


WAPCOS Limited 15-1

CHAPTER-15ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES

15.1 GENERALEnergy conservation measures would be implemented to ensure that the use of non-

renewable resources is minimised. A key component of achieving energy conservation

would be the development of an Energy Management Action Plan. This plan would be

included as part of the Construction and Operational EMPs. The Energy Management Action

Plan would be consistent with the energy conservation measures during both construction

and operation phase.

15.2 ENERGY CONSERVATION DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The following mitigation measures would be undertaken during construction works.

Efficient work scheduling and methods that minimise equipment idle time and double

handling of material;

Throttling down and switching off construction equipment when not in use;

Switching off truck engines while they are waiting to access the site and while they are

waiting to be loaded and unloaded;

Switching off site office equipment and lights and using optimum lighting intensity for

security and safety purposes;

Careful design of temporary roads to reduce transportation distances;

Regular maintenance of equipment to ensure optimum operations and fuel efficiency.

15.3 ENERGY CONSERVATION DURING OPERATION PHASEThe following mitigation measures would be implemented during site operations:

Design of buildings and terminal layout would aim to achieve the following energy

efficiencies:

Employing renewable energy sources such as day lighting and passive solar heating;

Designing roads on the site to reduce transportation distances.

15.4 ENERGY EFFICIENT EQUIPMENTLarge energy savings could be achieved in using energy efficient equipment. The following

actions are examples of how energy savings could be achieved by the terminal operator(s):

Using energy efficient electrical appliances;

Installing lighting control devices where appropriate and linking to photo-electric

dimming; and

Providing sufficient energy metering and switching for energy management.


WAPCOS Limited 15-2

Energy would also be conserved through efficiency in work schedules and practices such as:

Use of modern container yard management systems for the efficient stacking and

retrieval of containers and to minimise vehicles waiting times;

Switching off truck engines while they are waiting to access the site and while these are

waiting to be loaded and unloaded;

Throttling down and switching off idle equipment;

Regular maintenance of all powered equipment to ensure appropriate fuel consumption

rates; and

Communication and education of energy conservation measures to employees.

15.5 BUDGETAn amount of Rs.20.0 lakh has been earmarked for implementation of various energy

conservation measures.


WAPCOS Limited 16-1

CHAPTER - 16LOCAL AREA DEVELOPMENT PLAN

16.1 INTRODUCTIONThe present chapter outlines the Local Area Development Plan (LADP) for Kangtangshiri

Hydroelectric Project. The objective of the plan is to empower the families of the study area

villages and partially affected villages. Villages that would be fully affected, which need to be

relocated, shall be provided R&R benefits as per the Policy and also other resettlement

benefits. Contrarily, it is the project affected families residing in partially affected who are not

likely to benefit from the proposed project except for compensation of their acquired

properties, which would be mostly part of their lands. Thus, LADP is being framed to extend

benefits to not only the residents of the partially affected villages, but also to residents of the

villages adjoining to project area which are also within the study area villages.

The following aspects have been covered under the Local Area Development Plan:

Educational Facilities Health Care and Medical Facilities Infrastructure Development Economic Development Social and Cultural Development

The cost for LADP works out to about 304.0 lakh

16.2 LOCAL AREA DEVELOPMENT PLAN16.2.1 UPGRADATION OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIESIt is proposed to upgrade the primary schools in 4 villages in the Study Area in the periphery

of the affected villages. The following activities are proposed under LADP activities:

Up-gradation of school fixtures, equipment Improvement of drinking water and sanitation facilities School bus service

It is suggested to up-gradation of school fixtures, equipment, etc., and to improve drinking

water and sanitation facilities in 4 primary schools in study area villages. A lump-sum

amount of Rs. 19.5 lakh per primary school is being made for this purpose. The details are

given in Table – 16.1. An amount of (19.5 x 4) Rs. 78 lakh has been earmarked for this

purpose. In addition, an amount of Rs. 80 lakh has been earmarked for purchase of 4 school

buses. Thus, total lump-sum amount of Rs. 158 lakh is being earmarked for upgradation of

facilities in 4 primary schools.


WAPCOS Limited 16-2

Table 16.1:Break-up of cost required for up-gradation of existing primary schoolsS. No. Particular Amount

(Rs. lakh) perschool

Amount(Rs. lakh)

for 4 schools1 Furniture & fixtures and equipments 12.0 48.02 Improvement of drinking water & sanitation

facilities07.5 30.0

Sub-Total (A) 19.5 78.03 Purchase of school bus (4 Nos.) 20.0 80.0

Sub-Total (B) 80.0Total (A + B) 158.0

16.2.2 SCHOLARSHIPS FOR STUDENTSIt is suggested to provide scholarships for local students. On the one hand school going

students who are presently studying between Class–I to Class-XII, scholarships are

suggested for an amount of Rs. 6000 per year for a period of 12 years may be extended as

scholarship to about 50 students in the Study Area Villages.

On the other hand, scholarships are also suggested for students going in for higher studies.

Meritorious students from the above mentioned category or students who are presently

pursuing higher studies will then be supported for their college/ higher education. A

scholarship provision of Rs. 10,000 per year for meeting their fee and study material

requirement along with Rs. 5,000 per year for meeting their hostel expenses for a period of 4

years is being made for meritorious students for higher studies. About 50 students are

proposed to be covered under this scheme.

A total amount of Rs. 66.0 lakh may be earmarked for providing scholarships, details of

which are given in Table – 16.2.

Table 16.2: Details of scholarshipsS. No. Activities Amount

(Rs. lakh)1 Scholarship for School going students (50 students x 6000 per

year for 12 years)3.60

2 Scholarship for meritorious students–College/ higher educationa) Fees/course material (@ Rs. 10,000/year x 50 students x

4 years)b) Hostel expenses (@ Rs. 5,000/years x 50 students x 4

years)

2.00

1.00

Total 6.60

16.2.3 IMPROVEMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIESIt is proposed up-grade 2 existing Primary Health Sub-Centers as part of the LADP of the

area. Up-gradation of this health care facility would involve renovation of existing structure/

construction of new wing, if required. Provision of new and/or latest gadgets and


WAPCOS Limited 16-3

instruments, furniture, beds, laboratory equipment/instruments, up-gradation of operation

theatre (labour rooms) etc. An amount of Rs. 52.0 lakh is being made for up-gradation of two

PHSCs. The details are given in Table-16.3.

In addition, it is suggested to purchase 1 van fitted with life saving equipment and stocked

with medicines, which will function as a mobile clinics. It is further suggested to attach these

mobile clinic to any of the above mentioned PHSCs from where these mobile unit will

operate. A lump-sum amount of Rs. 28.0 lakh is being earmarked for this purpose.

A total amount of Rs. 80. lakh is being earmarked for extending health facilities under LADP.

The details are given in Table-16.3.

Table-16.3: Budget for up-gradation of PHSCsS.No.

Item Cost(Rs. lakh)

Cost for 2 PHSCs(Rs. lakh)

1 Furniture, Beds and other items .50 10.02 Up-gradation of Pathological laboratory 500 10.03 Up-gradation of operation theater (labor

room)16.0 32.0

Sub-Total (A) 26.0 52.04 Purchase of 1 mobile clinic vans 28.0 28.0

Sub-Total (B) 28.0Total (A+B) 80.0

16.3 BUDGET FOR LADPAn amount of Rs. 304.0 lakh is being made for implementation of the LADP Activities. The

details are shown in Table-16.4.

Table 16.4: Budget for implementation of Local Area Development Plan

S.No. Items Budget

(Rs. lakh)1 Construction/ Up-gradation schools in Study Area 158.002 Scholarships to students in the Study Area 66.03 Improvement of Public Health Facility 80.0

Total 304.0


WAPCOS Limited 17-1

CHAPTER-17ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

17.1 THE NEEDEnvironmental monitoring is an essential component for sustainability of any water resources

project. It is an integral part of any environmental assessment process. Any water resources

development project introduces complex inter-relationships in the project area between people,

various natural resources, biota and the many developing forces. Thus, a new environment is

created. It is very difficult to predict with complete certainty the exact post-project environmental

scenario. Hence, monitoring of critical parameters is essential in the project operation phase.

An Environmental Monitoring Programme has been designed with the following objectives:

Assess the changes in environmental conditions, if any, during construction and operationof the project.

Monitor the effective implementation of mitigatory measures. Warning of any significant deterioration in environmental quality so that additional mitigatory

measures may be planned in advance.

17.2 AREAS OF CONCERNFrom the monitoring point of view, the important parameters are water quality, landuse, ambient

air quality, ecology, etc. An attempt is made to establish early warning of indicators of stress on

the environment. Suggested monitoring details are outlined in the following sections.

17.3 WATER QUALITYConstruction PhaseIt is proposed to monitor the effluent before and after treatment from oxidation ditch. The

frequency of monitoring could be thrice per month. A total of (1 oxidation ditch * 12 months* 6

samples, i.e. before and after treatment) 72 samples/year need to be analyzed. The parameters

to be monitored include pH, Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Suspended Solids and Total

Dissolved Solids. The cost of analysis of one sample is expected to be Rs.3,000. Thus, total

cost for analysis of 72 samples is expected to be Rs. 2.22 lakh/year. The analysis work can be

done by a laboratory recognized by the State Pollution Control Board.

Operation phaseThe surface water quality of the proposed reservoir needs to be monitored thrice a year. The

proposed parameters to be monitored are as follows:

pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium,

total hardness, chlorides, sulphates, nitrates, DO, COD, BOD, Iron, Zinc and Manganese.

The sampling sites shall be:

- 1 km upstream of the dam site.- Reservoir water.- 1,3 and 5 km downstream of the tail race disposal site


WAPCOS Limited 17-2

The total cost of analysis will be Rs.0.5 lakh per year. This analysis shall be done throughout

the entire life of the project. The analysis work can be conducted by a reputed external

agency recognized by State Pollution Control Board.

During project operation phase, a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) is proposed to be set up to

treat the effluent from the project colony. Once every week, it is envisaged to analyze a sample

each before and after treatment from the STP. The parameters to be analyzed include pH,

Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Suspended Solids and Total

Dissolved Solids. The cost of analysis of 104 samples @ Rs.2500 per sample works out to

Rs.2.6 lakh/year. Thus, total cost for analysis in project operation works out to Rs. 3.1

lakh/year.

17.4 AIR QUALITY AND METEOROLOGYProject Construction PhaseThe ambient air quality monitoring during construction phase can be carried out by an

external agency, approved by State Pollution Control Board at four stations close to

construction sites. Every year monitoring is to be done for the following three seasons:

- Winter- Summer- Post-monsoon

The frequency of monitoring could be twice a week for four consecutive weeks at each

station for each season. The parameters to be monitored are Particulate Matter (PM2.5),

Particulate Matter (PM10), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen Oxides (NO2).

Every year, ambient air quality is to be monitored for (4 stations * 2 days/week * 4 weeks x 3

seasons) 96 days. A total cost of Rs. 7.7 lakh/year @ Rs. 8,000/day can be earmarked for

this purpose.

17.5 NOISEProject Construction PhaseNoise emissions from vehicular movement, operation of various construction equipment may

be monitored during construction phase at major construction sites. The frequency of

monitoring could be once every three months. For monitoring of noise generators an

Integrating Sound Level Meter will be required.

Project Operation PhaseNo major impact due to noise is observed in operation phase.

17.6 SOIL EROSION AND SILTATIONProject Construction PhaseNo monitoring programme is suggested for project construction phase


WAPCOS Limited 17-3

Project Operation PhaseSoil erosion rates, slope stability of embankments of barrage, efficacy of soil conservation

measures, need to be closely monitored twice a year. The Project staff at the project site

can do the study. The study should be undertaken throughout the life of the project so as to

design the soil erosion prevention measures and also for the rehabilitation/decommissioning

of the project. Following parameters like soil erosion rates, stability of bank embankment

would be measured. In addition to above, soil quality at various locations in the catchment

area needs to be monitored once every year. The parameters to be monitored are pH,

organic matter and texture.

17.7 ECOLOGYProject Construction PhaseA detailed ecological survey covering forestry, fisheries, wildlife is recommended during entire

construction phase. The survey can be conducted once every year for the entire construction

period. The various aspects to be covered include:

- Qualitative and Quantitative assessment of flora and fauna.- Monitoring of restoration of muck disposal area.

Monitoring of aquatic ecology will be essential to achieve sustainable yield of fish. Some of the

parameters to be monitored are phytoplanktons, zooplanktons, benthic life and fish

composition, etc. The monitoring can be conducted by a reputed external agency, for which an

amount of Rs.30 lakh/year can be earmarked.

Project Operation PhaseStatus of afforestation programmes, changes in migration patterns of the aquatic and

terrestrial fauna species should be studied. The study could be undertaken with a frequency

of once per year till the entire design life of the barrage. A provision of Rs.30 lakh/year can

be kept for this purpose. The monitoring can be conducted by a reputed external agency.

17.8 INCIDENCE OF WATER-RELATED DISEASESProject Construction PhaseIdentification of water-related diseases, adequacy of local vector control and curative

measures, status of public health are some of the parameters which should be closely

monitored three times a year with the help of data maintained in the government

dispensaries/hospitals.

Implementation : Public Health Department,and Dispensary constructedfor labour camps

Cost per annum : Rs.10 lakh


WAPCOS Limited 17-4

Project Operation PhaseIncreased prevalence of various vector borne diseases and adequacy of local vector control

and curative measures need to be monitored. The monitoring can be done three times in a

year.

Implementation : Dispensary at the project site

Cost per annum : Rs.10 lakh

17.9 LANDUSE PATTERNProject Operation PhaseDuring project operation phase, it is proposed to monitor land use pattern once every year. An

amount of Rs.5 lakh can be earmarked for this purpose.

17.10 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMMEThe details of environmental monitoring programme are given in Tables 17.1 and 17.2

respectively.

Table-17.1: Summary of Environmental Monitoring Programme during ProjectConstruction PhaseS.No.

Item Parameters Frequency Location

1. Effluent from STP pH, BOD, COD, TSS,TDS

Once everymonth

Before and aftertreatment fromeach STP

2. Water-relateddiseases

Identification of waterrelated diseases,adequacy of local vectorcontrol and curativemeasure, etc.

Three times ayear

Labour campsand colonies

3. Noise Equivalent noise level(Leq)

Once in threemonths

At majorconstruction sites.

4. Air quality PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NO2 Once everyseason

At majorconstruction sites

5. Meteorologicalaspects

Wind direction & velocitytemperature humidity,rain

Once everyseason

At one of theambient air qualitysampling sites

Table-17.2: Summary of Environmental Monitoring Programme during ProjectOperation PhaseS.No.

Items Parameters Frequency Location

1. Water pH, Temperature, EC,Turbidity, Total DissolvedSolids, Calcium,Magnesium, TotalHardness, Chlorides,Sulphates, Nitrates, DO.COD, BOD, Iron, Zinc,Manganese

Thrice ayear

1 km upstream ofdam site

Water spread area 1, 3 and 5km

downstream oftails race disposalsite

2. Effluent pH, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS Once every Before and after


WAPCOS Limited 17-5

S.No.

Items Parameters Frequency Location

fromSewageTreatmentPlant(STP)

week treatment fromSewageTreatment Plant(STP)

3. Erosion &Siltation

Soil erosion rates, stabilityof bank embankment, etc.

Twice ayear

-

4. Ecology Status of afforestationprogrammess of green beltdevelopment

Once in 2years

-

5. Water-relateddiseases

Identification of water-related diseases, sites,adequacy of local vectorcontrol measures, etc.

Threetimes ayear

Villages adjacent toproject sites

6. Aquaticecology

Phytoplanktons,zooplanktons, benthic life,fish composition

Once ayear

1 km upstream ofdam site

Water spread area 1, 3 and 5km

downstream oftails race disposalsite

7. Landuse Landuse pattern usingsatellite data

Once in ayear

Catchment area

8. Soil pH, EC, texture, organicmatter

Once in ayear

Catchment area

17.11 COST FOR IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMMEThe cost required for implementation of the Environmental Monitoring Programme is of the

order of Rs.180.9 lakh @ Rs.49.9 lakh/ year. A 10% annual price increase may be

considered for every year. The construction period has been taken as 3.3 years for

estimation of cost for implementation of Environmental Monitoring programme. The details

are given in Table-17.3. The cost required for implementation of the Environmental

Monitoring Programme at operation phase is of the order of Rs.48.1 lakh/year. The details

are given in Table-17.4.

Table-17.3: Cost for Implementing Environmental Monitoring Programme duringconstruction phaseS.No.

Item Cost(Rs. lakh/year)

Total cost for constructionperiod of 39 months with 10%escalation per year (Rs. lakh)

1 Water quality 2.2 7.82 Air quality 7.7 27.93 Ecology 30.0 108.94 Incidence of water related

diseases 10.0 36.3

Total 49.9 180.9


WAPCOS Limited 17-6

Table-17.4: Cost for Implementing Environmental Monitoring Programme duringoperation phaseS. No Item Cost (Rs. lakh/year)1 Water quality 3.12 Ecology 30.03 Incidence of water related diseases 10.04 Land use pattern 5.0

Total 48.1


WAPCOS Limited 18-1

CHAPTER-18DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

18.1 INTRODUCTIONAny hydroelectric project if not designed on the sound principles of design after detail

investigations in respect of hydrology, geology, seismicity etc., could spell a large scale

calamity. Thus these are inherent risk to the project like improper investigation, planning,

designing and construction which ultimately lead to human catastrophy. Though through

detailed field investigations it has been ensured that the dam is founded on firm foundation,

designed for suitable seismic design parameters, yet in view of that uncertain element of

“Force Mejure” the eventuality of a disaster cannot be ignored but a rescue plan has to be

devised for confronting such an exigency without being caught in the vast realm of

unpreparedness.

A disaster is an unwarranted, untoward and emergent situation that culminates into heavy

toll of life and property and is a calamity sometimes caused by “force mejure” and also by

human error. The identification of all types of disaster in any proposed project scenario

involves the critical review of the project vis-à-vis the study of historical past

incidents/disasters in the similar situations. The evolution of disaster management plan

dwells on various aspects such as provision of evacuation paths, setting up of alarms and

warning systems, establishing communicating system besides delineating an Emergency

Response Organization with an Effective Response System. Keeping in view the grievous

affects a disaster can cause on human or animal population, loss of property and

environment in and around the areas of impact. Therefore it is essential to assess the

possibility of such failures in context to the present project and formulate a contingent plan.

The proposed Kangtangshiri Hydro-electric Project comprises of gated Barrage diversion

structure across the river Yargyap Chu a tributary of Siyom in West Siyang district of

Arunachal Pradesh . The average river bed level at EL 1880 m .The crest level of barrage

bays are kept at EL 1883 m and bridge dock level are at 1902 m. There are four no. of

barrage bays with width 6.5 m and clear width of 38 m. The gate are redial type with 8.5 m

high.

18.2 DAM BREAK INUNDATION ANALYSISThe outflow flood hydrograph from a dam failure is dependent upon many factors such as

physical characteristics of the dam, volume of reservoir and the mode of failure. The

parameters which control the magnitude of the peak discharge and the shape of outflow

hydrograph include: the breach dimensions, the manner and length of time for the breach to

develop, the depth and volume of water stored in the reservoir, and the inflow to the


WAPCOS Limited 18-2

reservoir at the time of failure. The shape and size of the breach and the elapsed time of

development of the breach are in turn dependent upon the geometry of the dam,

construction materials and the casual agent for failure.

18.2.1 Model for Dam Break AnalysisFor reasons of simplicity, generally, wide applicability and the uncertainty in the actual

mechanism, the BOSS DAMBRK model has been used. The model uses failure time

interval, terminal size and shape of the breach as the inputs. The possible shapes of the

breach that can be accomplished by the model are rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal.

The model is capable of adopting either storage routing or dynamic routing methods for

routing floods through reservoirs depending on the nature of flood wave movement in

reservoirs at the time failure.The dynamic routing method based on the complete equations of unsteady flow is the

appropriate technique to route the flood hydrograph through the downstream valley. The

method is derived from the original equations developed by St. Venant. The model uses St.

Venant’s equations for routing dam break floods in channels.

18.3 METHODOLOGYThe National Weather Service’s DAMBRK model developed by Dr. L. Fread has been used

in the study. This model simulates the failure of dam, computes the resultant outflow

hydrograph and also simulates movement of the dam break flood wave through the

downstream river valley. The model is built around three major capabilities, which are

reservoir routing, breach simulation and river routing. However, it does no rainfall-runoff

analysis and storm inflow hydrographs to the upstream of reservoir must be developed

external to the model. A brief description of the capabilities of the model is described in the

following paragraphs

18.3.1 Reservoir RoutingThe storage routing is based on the law of conservation given as:

I –Q = dS/dt …………………….….. (1)

In which, I is reservoir inflow. Q is the total reservoir outflow which includes the flow spillway,

breach, overtopping flow and head independent discharge, and rate of change of reservoir

storage volume. Equation (1) can be expressed in finite difference form as :

(1 + I’ ) 2 - (Q + Q’ )/2 = ∆ S/∆t -.-----(2)

In which the prime (‘ ) superscript denotes the values at the time t - ∆t and the notation

approximates the differential. The term ∆S may be expressed as:

∆S = (As +A’s) (h-h’)/2 ………………(3)

In which, As is the reservoir surface area coincidental with the elevation (h) and is a function

of h. The discharge Q which is to be evaluated from equation (2) is a function of h and this


WAPCOS Limited 18-3

known h is evaluated using Newton–Raphson iteration technique and thus the estimation of

discharge corresponding to h.

18.3.2 Dynamic RoutingThe hydrologic storage routing technique, expressed by equation (2) implies that the water

surface elevation within the reservoir is horizontal. This assumption is quite adequate for

gradually occurring breaches with no substantial reservoir inflow hydrographs. However,

when the breach is specified to form almost instantaneously so as to produce a negative

wave within the reservoir, and/or the reservoir inflow hydrograph is significant enough to

produce a positive wave progressing through the reservoir, a routing option which simulates

the negative and /or positive wave occurring within the reservoir may be used in DAMBRK

model. Such a technique is referred to as dynamic routing. The routing principle is same as

dynamic routing in river reaches and it is performed using St. Venant’s equation. The

movement of the dam break flood wave through the downstream river channel is simulated

using the complete unsteady flow equations for one dimensional open channel flow,

alternatively known as St. Venant’s equations. These equations consist of the continuity

equation

∂Q ∂(A +A0)

___+ _______ = q …………………………………(4)

∂t ∂t

and the conservation of momentum equation :

∂Q ∂(A2/ +A) ∂h

___+ _______ + g A ( ---- + Sf +S e) + Lc = 0 ……(5)

∂t ∂t ∂t

where,

A = active cross – sectional flow areaA0 = inactive (off-channel storage) cross – sectional areaX = distance the channelq = lateral inflow or outflow per unit distance along the channelg = acceleration due to gravityQ = dischargeH = water surface elevationSs = friction slopeSe = expansion – contraction loss slopeLc = lateral inflow/outflow momentum effect due to assumed flow path of inflow beingperpendicular to the main flow.

The friction slope and expansion – contraction loss slope are evaluated by the following

equation


WAPCOS Limited 18-4

n3 Q2

Sf = --------------- ……………………….…….(6)

2.21 A2 R¾

and,

K∆(Q/A)2

Se = -------------------- ……………………………….…….(7)

2g ∆ X

where,

n = Manning’s roughness coefficient

R = A/B where B is the top width of the active portion of the channel

K = Expansion – contraction coefficient varying from 0.1 to 0.3 for contraction and 0.5 to –

1.0 expansion

∆(Q/A)2 = Difference in (Q/A)2 for cross sections at their end of a reach

The non-linear partial differential equations (4) and (5) are represented by a corresponding

set of non-linear finite difference algebraic equations and they are solved by the Newton-

Raphson method using weighted four point implicit scheme to evaluate Q and h. The initial

conditions are given by known steady discharge at the dam, for which steady state non-

uniform boundary flow equation are used. The outflow hydrograph from the reservoir is the

upstream boundary condition for the channel routing and the model is capable of dealing

with fully supercritical flow or fully supercritical flow in the reach or the upstream reach

having supercritical flow and downstream reach having subs critical flow. There is a choice

of downstream boundary conditions such as internally calculated loop rating curve, user

provided single valued rating curve, user provided time dependent water surface elevation,

critical depth and dam which ma pass flow via spillways, overtopping and/or breaching.

18.3.3 Statement of the problemThe computation of flood wave resulting from a dam breach basically involves two scenarios

which can be considered jointly or separately: (1) the outflow hydrograph from the pond (2)

the routing of the flood wave downstream from the breached dam along the river valley and

the flood plain. If breach outflow is independent of downstream conditions, or if their effect

can be neglected, the reservoir outflow hydrograph is referred to as the free outflow

hydrograph. In this case, the computation of the flood characteristics is divided into two

distinct phases: (a) the determination of outflow hydrograph with or without the routing of the

negative wave the reservoir, and (b) the routing of flood wave downstream from the

breached dam. In this study the problem of simulating the failure of “Dam” and computing

the free outflow hydrograph from the breached section using storage routing technique’ with

the aim of reproducing the maximum water level marks reached during the passage of flood


WAPCOS Limited 18-5

wave is considered. The information regarding inflow hydrograph into the pond due to the

storm at the time of failure, the structural and the hydraulic characteristics details of the dam,

the time of failure, the channel cross sections details, the maximum water level marks

reached in the reservoir at the time of failure and those observed in the downstream reach of

the dam to the passage of flood wave etc. are available for the study.

18.3.4 Availability of DataThe input data required for the National Weather Service’s BOSS DAMBRK model can be

categorized into two groups. The first data group pertains to the dam and inflow hydrograph

into the reservoir and the second group pertains to the routing of the outflow hydrograph

through the downstream valley. These are described in the following paragraphs.

First Data GroupWith reference to the data group pertaining to the dam, the information on reservoir

elevation-volume relationship, spillway details, elevation of bottom and top of dam, elevation

of water surface in the pond at the beginning of analysis and at the time of failure, breach

description data are required

Second Data GroupThe second group of data pertaining to the routing of the outflow hydrograph through the

downstream valley consists of a description of cross-sections, hydraulic resistance

coefficients of the reach, steady state flow in the river at the beginning of the simulation and

downstream boundary condition. The cross section is specified by location mileage, and

tables of top width and corresponding elevation. In this study, seven cross sections details,

at km. 0.0, 1.00 , 2.00 ,5.00 and 10.00 downstream of dam, have been used.

18.4 RESULT AND CONCLUSIONSA rectangular breach at an El 1900 amsl with side slope 1:0 and breach formation time as

0.5 hr. have been considered in the study for dam break analysis of Kangtangshiri Barrage.

After the breach, immediately below the barrage, the maximum flow will occur immediately

after the start of breach. The magnitude of the simulated outflow hydrograph will be 3014

cumec corresponding to maximum stage elevation 1900 amsl at Km. 0.00 is attenuated to

2688 cumecs corresponding to maximum stage elevation of 1590 amsl at km. 10.00 The

maximum flow and time to maximum stage at various distances d/s of the dam is shown in

following Table-18.1.


WAPCOS Limited 18-6

Table-18.1 Summary of wave profile in the event of Dam BreakDistance from

Dam (km)Max Elevation,

(amsl)Maximum Flow

(cumec)Time to Maximum

Stage, hr.0.000 1899.6 3014 0.0001.000 1836.1 2934 0.1002.000 1742.1 2891 0.2505.000 1640.3 2731 0.600

10.000 1590.0 2688 1.300

The following conclusions could be drawn from Table-18.1:

Failure of diversion structure like the proposed Kangtangshiri Hydroelectric

Project, which is designed to the present technical standards and built with

adequate quality control, is a very remote possibility.

The monoliths having the least resistance to withstand the unforeseen loading

combinations may give way, which in turn provides a relief and prevents failure of

other monoliths. Under such as situation, the discharge and the water depth will

be much lesser than those determined from the study.

18.5 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLANThe emergency planning for dam break scenario is devised on the basis of results of dam

break analysis mainly the travel time of flood wave to various locations in the downstream

stretch of the river. It is inferred form the analysis that in case of main dam failure the flood

peak discharge as it prorogates through valley shall inundate downstream stretch of 5.0 km

within 0.60 Hrs and the flood wave peak will reach 10 km d/s in 1.3 Hrs, implying that a little

reaction time for executing any rescue plan. The plan is, therefore, based on such

measures, which are purely preventive in nature.

The degree of alertness has to enhance during high stage of river manifested with sharp

increase in discharge. Though there can not be very sharp edge demarcation between

different levels of emergency yet the following flood conditions have been contemplated and

the preventive measures suggested against each as given in Table-18.2.Table-18.2: Status of Emergency

S.No.

Status ofemergency Water Level Preventive measures

1. NormalFlood

Below FRL i.e. EL 1900amsl and flooddischarge below 3014cumecs

Utmost vigil observed in regulation ofspillway gates

2. Level –1Emergency

Rises above EL 1900amsl but flooddischarge below 3014cumecs

(1) All gates fully operational(2) All the official should attend damsite. Local officials informed andwarning system be kept on alert.


Above MWL i.e. EL1900 amsl but belowtop of bridge i.e. El

Communication & publicannouncement system should be putinto operation and flood warning


WAPCOS Limited 18-7

S.No.

Status ofemergency Water Level Preventive measures

1902. and the dischargecontinues rising above3014cumecs

issued to people.


Top of bridge i.e. EL1902amsl

(1) All staff from dam site, powerhouse & TRC outlets alerted to moveto safer places(2) Possibility of dam failure should beflashed to District Administration.

5. Disaster Rising above EL 1902amsl and the breachappears in any form

District Administration and Projectauthorities be intimated and only lifesaving measures should be resortedtoo

18.5.1 Dam Safety and Maintenance ManualBased on standard recommended guidelines for the safety inspection of dams a manual

should be prepared by the project proponents in respect of dam safety surveillance and

monitoring aspects. This should be updated with the availability of instrumentation data and

observation data with periodical review. The need for greater vigil has to be emphasized

during first reservoir impoundment and first few years of operation. The manual should also

delve on the routine maintenance schedule of all hydro-mechanical and electrical

instruments. It should be eloquent in respect of quantum of specific construction material

needed for emergency repair along with delineation of the suitable locations for its stocking

and also identify the much needed machinery and equipment for executing emergency

repair work and for accomplishing the evacuation plan.

18.5.2 Emergency Action Plan (EAP)Dam safety programme as indicated above includes the formation of an Emergency Action

Plan for the dam. An emergency is defined as a condition of serious nature which develops

unexpectedly and endangers downstream property and human life and required immediate

attention. Emergency Action Plan should include all potential indicators of likely failure of the

dam, since the primary concern is for timely and reliable identification and evaluation of

existing of potential emergency.

This EAP presents warning and notification procedures to follow during the monsoon season

in case of failure or potential failure of the dam. The objective is to provide timely warning to

nearby residents and alert key personnel responsible for taking action in case of emergency.

18.5.3 Administration and Procedural AspectsThe administrative and procedural aspects of the Emergency Action Plan consist of flow

chart depicting the names and addresses of the responsible personnel of project proponent

and the Dist. Administration. In order of hierarchy, the following system will usually be

appropriate. In the event that the failure is imminent or the failure has occurred or a potential


WAPCOS Limited 18-8

emergency conditions is developing, the observer at the site is required to report it to the

Junior Engineer who will report to the Executive Engineer / Superintending Engineer for their

reporting to the Chief Engineer through a wireless system or by any available fastest

communication system. The Engineer-in-Charge is usually responsible for making cognizant

with the developing situation to the Civil Administration. Each personnel are to acknowledge

his/her responsibilities under the EAP in an appropriate format at a priority.

The technical aspects of the EAP consist of preventive action to be taken with regards to the

structural safety of the dam. The EAP is drawn at a priority for the regular inspection of the

dam. For this purpose, providing an adequate and easy access to the dam site is a

necessity. The dam, its sluices, overflows and non-overflow sections should be properly

illuminated for effective operations during night time. Whenever sinkholes, boils, increased

leakages, movement of masonry rock, gate failure, rapid rise or fall of the level in the

reservoir, rise in the level of reservoir beyond the maximum working level, or wave overrun

of the dam crest are observed, the personnel on patrol is required to inform immediately to

the Junior Engineer (JE) / Assistant Engineer (AE) for initiation of the execution of EAP.

They are required to inform the Engineer-in-Charge and the local administrative authorities.

It is desirable if the downstream inhabitants are warned using siren, if available, so as to

make them aware the likely imminent danger.

The other preventive measures may include availability of sufficient number of sandbags at

several selected downstream locations and logs (for holding sandbags) and at the dam site,

one tractor, two motor boats, gas lanterns, Manila ropes and life jackets. Areas from where

the labour can be mobilized should be chalked out at a priority. In addition to these, public

participation in the process of execution of the EAP may further help in amelioration of the

adverse impacts of the likely disaster. For this, it is necessary that the public should be made

aware of its responsibilities.

18.5.4 Preventive ActionOnce the likelihood of an emergency situation is suspected, action has to be initiated to

prevent a failure. The point at which each situation reaches an emergency status shall be

specified and at that stage the vigilance and surveillance shall be upgraded both in respect

of time and level. At this stage a thorough inspection of the dam should be carried out to

locate any visible sign(s) of distress.

Engineers responsible for preventive action should identify sources of equipment needed for

repair, materials, labour and expertise for use during an emergency. The amount and type of

material required for emergency repairs should be determined for dam, depending upon its

characteristics, design, construction history and past behavior. It is desirable to stockpile

suitable construction materials at appropriate sites. The anticipated need of equipment


WAPCOS Limited 18-9

should be evaluated and if these are not available at the dam site, the exact location and

availability of these equipments should be determined and specified. The sources/agencies

must have necessary instructions for assistance during emergency. Due to the inherent

uncertainties about their effectiveness, preventive actions should usually be carried out

simultaneously with the appropriate notification on alert situation or a warning situation.

18.5.5 Communication SystemAn effective communication system and a downstream warning system are absolutely

essential for the success of an emergency preparedness plan. The difference between a

high flood and dam-break situation must be made clear to the downstream population.

18.5.6 Evacuations PlansEmergency Action Plan includes evacuation plans and procedures for implementation based

on local needs. These could be:

- Demarcation / prioritization of areas to be evacuated.- Notification procedures and evacuation instructions.- Safe routes, transport and traffic control.- Safe areas/shelters.- Functions and responsibilities of members of evacuation team.

Any precarious situation during floods will be communicated either by an alert situation or by

an alert situation followed by a warning situation. An alert situation would indicate that

although failure of flooding is not imminent, a more serious situation could occur unless

conditions improve. A warning situation would indicate that flooding is imminent as a result of

an impending failure of the dam. It would normally include an order for evacuation of

delineated inundation areas.

18.5.7 Evacuation TeamIt will comprise of following official / Representative:

District Magistrate (D. M.)/ His Nominated officer (To peacefully relocate thepeople to places at higher elevation with state administration).

Engineer in charge of the project (Team Leader) Superintendent of Police (S. P.) / Nominated Police Officer (To maintain law

and order) Chief Medical Officer (C. M. O.), (To tackle morbidity of affected people) Head of affected village to execute the resettlement operation with the aid of

state machinery and project proponents. Sub committees at village level

The Engineer-in-Charge will be responsible for the entire operation including prompt

determination of the flood situation time to time. Once the red alert is declared the whole

state machinery will come into swing and will start evacuating people in the inundation areas

delineated in the inundation maps. For successful execution, annually demo exercise will be

done. The D.M. is to monitor the entire operation.



18.5.8 Public Awareness for Disaster MitigationIn addition, guidelines that have to be followed by the inhabitants of flood prone areas, in the

event of flood resulting from dam failure, which form part of public awareness for disaster

mitigation may also include following:

Listen to the radio for advance information and advice. Disconnect all electrical appliances and move all valuable personal and

household goods beyond the reach of floodwater, if one is warned or if onesuspects that flood waters may enter the house.

Move vehicles, farm animals and movables goods to the higher place nearby. Keep sources of water pollution i.e. insecticides out of the reach of water. Turn off electricity and LPG gas before one has to leave the house. Lock all outside doors and windows if one has to leave the house. Do not enter floodwaters. Never wander around a flood area.

18.5.9 NotificationsNotification procedures are an integral part of any emergency action plan. Separate

procedures should be established for slowly and rapidly developing situations and failure.

Notifications would include communication of either an alert situation or an alert situation

followed by a warning situation. An alert situation would indicate that although failure or

flooding is not imminent, a more serious situation could occur unless conditions improve. A

warning situation would indicate that flooding is imminent as a result of an impending failure

of the dam. It would normally include an order for evacuation of delineated inundation areas.

18.5.10 Notification ProceduresCopies of the EAP that also include the above described inundation map are displayed at

prominent locations, in the rooms and locations of the personnel named in the notification

chart. For a regular watch on the flood level situation, it is necessary that the flood cells be

manned by two or more people so that an alternative person is always available for

notification round the clock. For speedy and unhindered communication, a wireless system

is a preferable mode of communication. Telephones may be kept for back up, wherever

available. It is also preferred that the entire flood cells, if more that one, are tuned in the

same wireless channel. It will ensure communication from the dam site to the control rooms.

The communication can be established by messenger service in the absence of such modes

of communication.

18.5.11 Management after receding of Flood WaterIt is to be accepted that in the even of dam break, even with maximum efforts, the loss of

human lives, livestock and property would be inevitable. Under such a scenario, a massive

effort would be used by various government agencies to provide various relief measures to

the evacuees. Formulation of a plan delineating such measures is beyond the scope of work



of this document. However, some of the measures which need to be implemented are listed

as below:

Provision of various food items and shelter to the evacuees. Provision of fuel for various evacuees. Provision of adequate fodder supply. Arrangements for potable water supply. Commissioning of low cost sewage treatment and sanitation facilities, and

disposal of treatment sewage. Expeditious disposal of dead bodies human and livestock. Immunization programmes for prevention of outbreak of epidemics of various

water related diseases. Adequate stocks of medicines of various diseases, especially water-related

diseases.

18.6 MANPOWERA team of two engineers will always be posted at the dam site to oversee the

implementation of disaster Management Plan. Considering 3 shifts eight hours each, it is

proposed to engage a total of six engineers earmarked specifically for implementation of

Disaster Management Plan.

The recurring costs are given below:

Salary for 6 Engineers @ Rs. 25,000/month = Rs. 18 lakh/year Support staff for three persons @ Rs. 30,000/month: Rs. 5.4 lakh/year Operation & Maintenance Cost @10% of cost of DMP (10% of Rs. 96 lakh) = Rs.

9.6 lakh.Total ( 18+5.4 +9.6) = Rs. 33.0 lakh per year

18.7 COST ESTIMATEThe budget for different activities required to be carried out for mitigation and prevention of

dam break hazard exclusively from the dam is Rs. 96.0 lakh as per details given in Table-18.3.

Table-18.3 Cost Estimate for Implementing DMPS.

No. Particulars Amount(Rs lakh)

1. Installation of alert system, control room at dam site 5.02. Setting up of communication system between Kangtangshiri

and confluence of other river.8.0

3. Setting up of communication system between dam site and d/ssettlements

3.0

4. Public information system 10.05. Flood forecasting 50.06. Training and miscellaneous 20.0

Total 96.0



Fig: 18.1 Inundation Map for Kangtangshiri Hydro-electric Project

Inundated Area


WAPCOS Limited 19-1

CHAPTER-19COST ESTIMATES

19.1 COST FOR IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANThe total amount to be spent for implementation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is Rs.

2450.72 lakh . The details are given in Table-19.1.

Table-19.1: Cost for Implementing Environmental Management PlanS. No. Item Cost (Rs. lakh)1 Compensatory Afforestation, and Bio-diversity conservation 115.302 Catchment Area Treatment 690.503 Fisheries Management 97.324 Public health delivery system 141.905 Environmental Management in labour camp 194.706 Muck management 107.507 Restoration and Landscaping of construction sites 20.008 Environmental management in road construction 45.009 Greenbelt development 10.0010 Air pollution control 27.0011 Water pollution control 15.0012 Socio-Economic aspects & Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan 385.6013 Energy Conservation measures 20.00

14 Local Area Development Plan(Excluding area developmental activities under R&R)

304.00

15 Environmental Monitoring during construction phase 180.9016 Disaster Management Plan 96.00

Total 2450.72

List of the Project Affected Families (PAFs)

S.NO Head of the household Name of the Village1 MERE KOMI REGO2 UPEN KOMI REGO3 UJEY KOMI REGO4 UMAR KOMI REGO5 TASONG KOMI REGO6 NETA KOMI REGO7 TABIN KOMI REGO8 PHIZO KOMI REGO9 AMSHI KOMI REGO

10 ANJIB KOMI REGO11 AJEN KOMI REGO12 LIBO KOMI REGO13 TANIL KOMI REGO14 DINESH KOMI REGO15 TANUK KOMI REGO16 TAPE KOMI REGO17 LINGDUNG KOMI REGO18 JHONY KOMI REGO19 TAKEK KOMI REGO20 SURESH KOMI REGO21 LAME KOMI REGO22 TADUNG KOMI REGO23 DUGE KOMI REGO24 DULI KOMI REGO25 KRISHNA KOMI REGO26 TENJER KOMI REGO27 SANJAY KOMI REGO28 DURJE KOMI REGO29 JARLING KOMI REGO30 POLING KOMI REGO31 TAJE KOMI REGO32 YANGANG KOMI REGO33 JARDUNG KOMI REGO34 CHANGPO KANI REGO35 TALAR KOMI REGO36 KOFUN KOMI REGO37 DUJUM KOMI REGO38 KODUNG KOMI REGO39 YOGAM KOMI REGO40 SONAM PHILLEY SEGANG

List of the Project Affected Families (PAFs)

41 DAKPU PHILLEY SEGANG42 SANGE CHERA PHILLEY SEGANG43 SANGE DALO SHEKAR44 PEMA PHILLEY DEJINGTHANG45 PEMA KHANDU PHILLEY DEJINGTHANG46 SANGE KHANDU PHILLEY DEJINGTHANG47 TOPKE PHILLEY DEENTHANG48 TASHI PHILLEY DEECHENTHANG49 DORJEE PHILLEY DEECHENTHANG50 KHANDU PHILLEY DECHANTHANG51 LOMDEN NAKSANG DORJILING52 PEMBATS NALESAP DORJLING53 TASTU PHILLEY DORJ LING54 KARMA PITU PHILLEY DOUJILING55 PENDEN PHILLEY DOUJILING56 DOGE PHILLEY DOUJILING57 RINJIN WORGHUS PHILLEY DORJILLING58 PASANG TS PHILLEY DOUJILING59 TINPO NAKSANG DOUJILING60 TEEGO NAKSANG SEKEAR

environmental management plan study for kangtangshiri hydro...

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