environmental impact assessment (eia) of residence ... nepal_res...eia of residence apartment for...

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of

Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal

Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

Bara District, Province 2

Submitted to:

Government of Nepal

Ministry of Forests and Environment (MoFE)

Singhadurbar, Kathmandu

Through

Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD)

Singhadurbar, Kathmandu and Department of Urban Development and Building Construction,

Singhadurbar, Kathmandu

Submitted by:

Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd.

Shree Bal Sadan

Gha 2-513, Kantipath, Kathmandu, Nepal

Phone : 01-4248280

Prepared by:

SCEC Pvt. Ltd. JV NRAC

Anamnagar, Kathmandu, Nepal

Tel: 977-9841428732

Email: [email protected]

December 2020

EIA of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

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iii

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iv

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Proponent and the Institution Preparing the EIA Report

The proponent of the proposed project is by Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. The details of name and address

of the proponent is as follows:


Simara, Bara, Nepal

Phone: 053-520175

Fax: 520034

The Environment Impact Assessment of the project is prepared by SCEC Pvt. Ltd. JV Nepal Rural

And Advancement Committee Pvt. Ltd. (NRAC) for and on behalf of the proponent.

SCEC Pvt. Ltd. JV Nepal Rural And Advancement Committee Pvt. Ltd. (NRAC)


Tel: 977-9841428732


Project Description

The proposed project is located in Jitpur Simara Sub-Metropolitan city, Ward no. 2, of Bara district

in the Province no. 2. To provide basic housing facility to the new incumbents of managerial staff

and to their family the residential apartment has been envisaged. The proposed project covers

11866.062 sq. m area. The proposed Residential Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd

comprises construction of 25 apartments.

Objectives

The main objective of the EIA study is to identify both positive and negative impacts of proposed

project implemented on physical, chemical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment of

the project area and propose augmentation measures for beneficial impacts and mitigation measures

for adverse impacts.

Methodology

As per EPR 2077 schedule 3, E. 1. Residents, buildings and urban development sector; this EIA

study has been carried out. This study is also based on approved ToR of same proposal. Relevant

literatures were reviewed and Zone of Influence of the Project was delineated. EIA Study team made

the field visit in April 2017 for field survey, collection of necessary information and focused group

discussion and public consultation with local people and concerned stakeholders.

Review of Plans/Policies, Legislations and Guidelines

The different Plans, Policies, Acts, Guidelines and Standards formulated by Government of Nepal

related to the implementation of the proposed project have been reviewed during the preparation of

the report. The EIA study should be consistent with a range of policies, acts, guidelines, rules and

standards of GoN and international commitments made in bilateral and multilateral

treaties/conventions. The major relevant legal documents to be considered during the EIA study are

constitution of Nepal, Fifteenth Plan, Environment Protection Act, 2076, EPR 2054 and EPR 2077,

Local Government Operation Act 2074, 14th Plan, Building Act 2055, Waste Management Act 2068

& Labour Act 2074.


v

Existing Environmental Condition

The project site is located at an elevation of about 96 m above sea level. Climatic condition of the

project is tropical type. The mean temperature is about 190C. The annual precipitation in the area is

observed to be 2160 mm.

The project area is located in open land without any vegetation and it is in the name of company

itself. The vegetation in the surrounding places is dominated by grasses (grass land). The major

animal found nearby the project is monkey. The major birds include Bhangera, Kag, Pareba while

some snakes are also reported nearby villages.

The total population of Bara District is 687708. The total household of the Bara district 108635 with

the average household size of 6.33 %. Several caste/ethnic groups were found in Bara district. The

majorities of the population in the project influence area belong to Musalman (13.1%), followed by

Yadav (10.5%) and Tharu (10.5%) respectively.

IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT

Impact of implementation of the project is separate on two phases one is construction phase and

another is operation phase. Theses phases are further classified on beneficial impact and adverse

impact.

Beneficial Impacts from Project Implementation

The immediate beneficial impacts from project in the construction phase are generation of

employment opportunities for the local population, skill enhancement, etc. Other advantages are

increased cash flow in the project vicinity, boost in local economy, etc. The establishment of the

apartment will aid to increase the local markets in that area. Similarly, the facilities of

communication, transportation as well as electricity will be readily available. This will help to

develop the project area. The envisaged impact is high, site specific and long term.

Adverse Impacts of Implementation of the Proposal

Different adverse effects can be faced during the operation of the project. The impacts related to

solid waste management, occupational health and safety, traffic management etc. will be raised. The

extraction of ground water by deep boring will deplete the ground water table. Likewise, increase in

number of people in the project area due to migration will increase the pressure on the existing

resources and the infrastructures of the project area. Similarly, there will be chance of increasing

crime, theft and robbery in the project area.

Adverse Impact Mitigation Measures

A number of adverse impacts mitigation measures have been proposed to offset the environmental

impacts, and make the project environmentally friendly. Construction of solid waste management

system and drainage management system has been proposed to avoid the sewage from entering the

nearby water bodies. Likewise, rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge techniques would be

prioritized as mitigation measure of groundwater depletion and water shortage.

Environmental Management Plan

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been proposed in the report with impacts identified,

possible effects and impacts, measures for their mitigation, monitoring method and schedule. In

addition, agencies responsible for executing environmental mitigation measures and monitoring have

been identified as a part of EMP. Different monitoring indicators on physical, biological, socio-

economic and cultural environment have also been identified. The tentative cost for implementation

of EMP is estimated at around as Rs 40500000. .


vi

Conclusion

In this report, the environmental impacts are limited to the construction period and for short time.

This report also reveals that the benefits from the implementation of the proposed project are more

significant and long term in nature against the adverse impacts most of which could be mitigated or

avoided. The implementation of proposed project is expected to bring a substantial set of beneficial

impacts like employment generation in local economy and enhancement of technical skills etc. This

project is recommended for the implementation with incorporation of mitigation measures and

environmental monitoring plan.


vii

ABBREVIATION

% : Percentage

AC : Air Conditioning

ACH : Air change per hour

AMF : Automatic Main Failure

B.S. : Bikram Sambat

BHK : Bedroom Hall Kitchen

CAM : Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

CBO : Community Based Organization

CBS : Central Bureau of Statistics

CCTV : Closed Circuit Television

CEHS : Coupled Electricity and Heat System

CFL : Compact Fluorescent Lamp

CI : Cast Iron

CO2 : Carbon dioxide

CSP : Corporate Social Performance

DB : Distribution Board

DG : Diesel Generator

DIA : Direct Impact Area

DO : Dissolved Oxygen

DPR : Detail Project Report

DUDBC : Department of Urban Development and Building Construction

EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment

EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment

ELCB : Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker

EMP : Environment Management Plan

EPA : Environment Protection Act

EPR : Environment Protection Rules

ETP : Effluent Treatment Plant

FAR : Floor Area Ratio

FDS : Fire Defence System

FRP : Fibre Reinforced Plastic

GI : Galvanized Iron

GoN : Government of Nepal

IAQ : Indoor Air Quality

IIA : Indirect Impact Area

IUCN : International Union for Conservation of Nature

KL : Kilo Liter

KLPD : Kilo Litre per Day

Km : Kilometre

KV : Kilo Volt

LED : Light Emitting Diode

M : Metre

MCB : Miniature Circuit Breaker

MCCB : Molded Case Circuit Breaker

MEP : Mechanical Electrical Plumbing

MoFE : Ministry of Forests and Environment


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MoUD : Ministry of Urban Development

NASA : National Aeronautics & Space Administration

NB : Nominal Bore

NBC : National Building Code

NEPAP : Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan

NGO : Non-Governmental Organization

No. : Number

NPR : Nepalese Rupees

NRAC : Nepal Rural And Advancement Committee Pvt. Ltd.

OHSAS : Occupational Health and Safety Assessment System

OLTC : On-Load Tap Changer

PAD : Project Affected District

PPE : Personal Protective Equipment

Pt. Ltd. : Private Limited

PVC : Poly Vinyl Chloride

RCC : Reinforced Cement Concrete

SBC : Safer Building Construction

SNPL : Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd.

SP : Single Pole

Sq. Ft. : Square Feet

STP : Sewerage Treatment Plant

TAC : Tariff Advisory Committee

ToR : Terms of Reference

VAT : Value Added Tax

YY-MM-DD : Year Month Day

ZoI : Zone of Influence


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS / ACRONYMS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. iv

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1

1.1. Project Background ................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2. Proponent and the Institution Responsible for Preparing the Report ...................................................... 1

1.2.1 The Proponent .............................................................................................................................. 1

1.2.2 Institution Responsible for Preparing the Document .................................................................. 1

1.3. Objectives of EIA Study ............................................................................................................................. 2

1.4. Rationale for EIA Study .............................................................................................................................. 2

1.5. Relevancy of the Proposal ......................................................................................................................... 2

1.6. Scope of the Study..................................................................................................................................... 2

1.7. Study Team ................................................................................................................................................ 3

CHAPTER II: PROJECT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................... 4

2.1 The Proposal Location ............................................................................................................................... 4

2.2 Accessibility ............................................................................................................................................... 5

2.3 Salient Features ......................................................................................................................................... 5

2.4 Project Details ........................................................................................................................................... 7

2.4.1 Design Concept and Specifications .............................................................................................. 7

2.4.2 Access Road: ................................................................................................................................. 9

2.4.3 Space Productivity: ....................................................................................................................... 9

2.4.4 External Design Concept ............................................................................................................ 10

2.4.5 Parking and Pathways: ............................................................................................................... 11

2.4.6 Wiring System: ........................................................................................................................... 12

2.4.7 Fire & Life Safety and Ladder ..................................................................................................... 12

2.4.8 Drinking Water and Rain Water Harvesting System .................................................................. 12

2.4.9 Waste Water Management: ....................................................................................................... 13

2.4.10 Solid Waste Management .......................................................................................................... 13

2.4.11 Water-Proofing: .......................................................................................................................... 13

2.4.12 Security System: ......................................................................................................................... 13

2.4.13 Communication: ......................................................................................................................... 13

2.4.14 Premises Lighting: ...................................................................................................................... 14

2.5 Project Requirements .............................................................................................................................. 14

2.5.1 Land ............................................................................................................................................ 14

2.5.2 Machinery and Equipment/Technique Construction Material .................................................. 14

2.5.3 Human Resources Input ............................................................................................................. 14

2.5.4 Emergency Power Generation ................................................................................................... 14

2.5.5 Electrical System ........................................................................................................................ 15

2.5.6 Utilities requirement .................................................................................................................. 15


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2.5.7 Electricity .................................................................................................................................... 15

2.5.8 Power Distribution ..................................................................................................................... 15

2.5.9 Construction Materials ............................................................................................................... 16

2.5.10 Emergency Escape, earthquake safety ....................................................................................... 16

2.5.11 Stockpile site and Spoil Disposal ................................................................................................ 17

2.6 Construction Period................................................................................................................................. 17

2.7 Project Cost ............................................................................................................................................. 17

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY FOR EIA STUDY ...................................................................................... 18

3.1. Literature Review ..................................................................................................................................... 18

3.2 Impact Area Delineation ............................................................................................................................ 18

3.3. Field Visit and Site Inspection .................................................................................................................. 18

3.3.1. Physical Environment ........................................................................................................................ 18

3.3.2. Biological Environment...................................................................................................................... 18

3.3.3. Socio-economic and Cultural Environment ....................................................................................... 19

3.4. Impact Assessment (identification, Prediction and Evaluation).............................................................. 19

3.5. Public Hearing and Consultation .............................................................................................................. 19

CHAPTER IV: EXISTING ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS.......................................................................... 20

4.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE AREA ................................................................................................. 20

4.1.1 Physiography and topography ................................................................................................... 20

4.1.2 Geology and soil ......................................................................................................................... 20

4.1.3 Climate ....................................................................................................................................... 20

4.1.4 Hydrology ................................................................................................................................... 21

4.1.5 Ground Water Resource ............................................................................................................. 22

4.1.6 Land Distribution and Natural Resources................................................................................... 22

4.1.7 Roads and Infrastructure ............................................................................................................ 23

4.1.8 Air Quality, Water Quality and Noise Levels .............................................................................. 23

4.1.9 Cultural and Religious Sites ........................................................................................................ 24

4.1.10 Sewerage and Storm water drainage ......................................................................................... 24

4.1.11 Irrigation Canal ........................................................................................................................... 24

4.2 Biological Environment ........................................................................................................................... 24

4.2.1 Vegetation .................................................................................................................................. 24

4.2.2 Fauna .......................................................................................................................................... 26

4.3 Socio-Economic Environment ................................................................................................................. 26

4.3.1 Demographic Structure .............................................................................................................. 27

4.3.2 Caste and Ethnic Group .............................................................................................................. 27

4.3.3 Mother Tongue .......................................................................................................................... 29

4.3.4 Religion ....................................................................................................................................... 29

4.3.5 Education and Literacy ............................................................................................................... 29

4.3.6 Institutions ................................................................................................................................. 30

4.3.7 Usually Active and Inactive Population ...................................................................................... 30

4.3.8 Drinking water and sanitation .................................................................................................... 30


xi

4.3.9 Industries around the Project Site.............................................................................................. 31

CHAPTER V: RELEVANT POLICIES, LEGISLATIONS, GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ................... 32

5.1 Constitution ............................................................................................................................................. 32

5.2 Plan, Policies and Strategies .................................................................................................................... 32

Fifteen Plan (2076/77-2080/81) .................................................................................................................. 32

National Land Policy, 2071 BS ..................................................................................................................... 32

National Urban Policy, 2064 BS ................................................................................................................... 32

National Climate Change Policy, 2076 BS .................................................................................................... 32

National Plan of Action for Safer Building Construction, 2072 BS .............................................................. 32

National Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Policy, 2065 BS ......................................................... 33

Labour and Employment Policy, 2062 BS .................................................................................................... 33

Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan (NEPAP) 2049 BS .................................................................. 33

National Environment Policy, 2076 BS ........................................................................................................ 34

5.3 Acts 34

Environment Protection Act 2076 BS .......................................................................................................... 34

Town Development Act 2045 BS ................................................................................................................. 34

Building Act 2055 BS .................................................................................................................................... 34

Local Government Operation Act, 2074 BS ................................................................................................. 35

Labour Act, 2074 BS .................................................................................................................................... 35

Solid Waste Management Act 2068 BS ....................................................................................................... 35

Child labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 2056 BS ................................................................................. 35

Companies Act, 2063 BS and amendments, 2073 BS .................................................................................. 35

5.4 Rules /Regulations ................................................................................................................................... 36

5.5 GUIDELINES ............................................................................................................................................. 36

5.6 STANDARDS ............................................................................................................................................. 36

5.7 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND TREATIES ..................................................................................... 38

CHAPTER VI: IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT ... 39

6.1 Beneficial Impact ..................................................................................................................................... 39

6.1.1 Construction Phase .................................................................................................................... 39

6.1.2 Operation Phase ......................................................................................................................... 40

6.2 Adverse Impact ........................................................................................................................................ 40

6.2.1 Physical Environment ................................................................................................................. 40

6.2.2 Biological Environment .............................................................................................................. 43

6.2.3 Socio-economic and cultural environment ................................................................................ 44

CHAPTER VII: Alternative Analysis for the implementation of the proposal ................................................... 49

7.1 No Action Option ..................................................................................................................................... 49

7.2 Project Alternatives ................................................................................................................................. 49

7.3 Project Location ....................................................................................................................................... 49

7.4 Alternative Design and Construction Approach ...................................................................................... 49

7.5 Alternative Schedule and Process ........................................................................................................... 49

CHAPTER VIII: MATTERS CONCERNING THE PREVENTION OF THE IMPACT OF THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROPOSAL ON THE ENVIRONMENT ....................................................... 50


xii

8.1 Physical Environment .............................................................................................................................. 50


8.1.2 Operation stage .......................................................................................................................... 51

8.2 Biological Environment ........................................................................................................................... 53


8.2.2 Operational Phase ...................................................................................................................... 53

8.3 Socio-economic Environment ................................................................................................................. 53


8.3.2 Operation Phase ......................................................................................................................... 54

CHAPTER IX: ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................................. 61

9.1 Environment Management System ........................................................................................................... 61

9.2 Environment Management Unit ............................................................................................................... 61

9.3 Implementing mechanism of Environmental Protection Measures ......................................................... 61

9.4 Project Management Responsibility ......................................................................................................... 62

9.5 Environmental Monitoring Plan ................................................................................................................ 62

9.6 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) ....................................................................................................... 63

9.7 Specific Management Plans for Surya Nepal Residential Buildings ........................................................ 63

9.7.1 Health and Safety Plan ............................................................................................................... 63

9.7.2 Occupational Health and Safety Hazards ................................................................................... 65

9.7.3 Community Health and Safety Hazards ...................................................................................... 65

9.7.4 Site Safety Procedures ............................................................................................................... 65

9.7.5 Managing Construction Hazards ................................................................................................ 66

9.7.6 Confined Space Entry and Excavation of Work .......................................................................... 66

9.7.7 Electrical ..................................................................................................................................... 67

9.7.8 Plant and Equipment .................................................................................................................. 67

9.7.9 Scaffolds ..................................................................................................................................... 67

9.7.10 Fire and Explosions ..................................................................................................................... 68

9.7.11 Managing other Construction Hazards ...................................................................................... 68

9.7.12 Plan for Management of Labor and Working Condition ............................................................ 69

9.7.13 Construction Camp Management Plan ...................................................................................... 70

9.7.14 Indoor Air Quality Management Plan ........................................................................................ 71

9.7.15 Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan ............................................................................ 75

9.8 Compliance monitoring ........................................................................................................................... 76

9.8 Monitoring Cost ....................................................................................................................................... 77

9.9 Total EMP Cost ........................................................................................................................................ 78

9.10 Environment Audit .................................................................................................................................. 78

CHAPTER X: CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................... 80

REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................................... 81


xiii

ANNEXES

ANNEX Ia : SD/TOR Approval for Phase II

ANNEX Ib : IEE Approval for Phase I

ANNEX II : Company Registration certificates and other legal documents

ANNEX III : Land Entitlement Certificates

ANNEX IV : Layout Maps

ANNEX V : Recommendation from concerned authority

ANNEX VI : Attendance during public hearing

ANNEX VII : Public Hearing

ANNEX VIII : Pictorial Highlight

ANNEX IX : Water Quality Report

ANNEX X : Approved Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN)

ANNEX XI : Soil Test Report

ANNEX XII : Declaration Form

ANNEX XIII : Declaration from SNPL

Approved ToR


Proponent: Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd Consultant: SCEC JV NRAC 1

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Project Background

Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. situated at Simara has multiplied many folds in terms of volume,

infrastructure and human resources. The managerial strength has also grown over a period and

the number of young managers is in the increase as the unit has already completed 28 years.

Scoping for EIA of the project helps in developing and selecting alternatives to the proposed

action and recognized the issues to be considered in EIA process. Besides it allows proponent to

inform the stakeholders about the proposal to receive their comments and suggestions on the

relevant environment issues and sketches out the guidelines for ToR preparation. The IEE for

construction of Phase I has been approved by Ministry of Urban Development, GoN

(2075/02/10, see Annex I). Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. also want to construct Phase 2 (apartment with

club house/recreational centers) with 25 apartments; that will help in the uplifting the living

conditions of the managers within the premises of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. The project name is

Residential Building Unit instead of Apartment unit although whatsoever written in the report

due to approved ToR the name exist as Apartment but it is Residential Building and not for sale,

just for the staff of the company. The declaration stating the intent of the project (apartment)

exclusively for residential purpose and not for sale has been included in Annex XII.

1.2. Proponent and the Institution Responsible for Preparing the Report

1.2.1 The Proponent

The Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II), Surya Nepal Pvt.

Ltd., Bara District, Province 2 is proposed by Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. The details of name and

address of the proponent is as follows:


Simara, Bara, Narayani Zone, Nepal

Phone: 053-520175

Fax: 520034

URL: www.snpl.com.np

Registered Office

Shree Bal Sadan

Gha 2-513, Kantipath, Kathmandu, Nepal

Phone: 01-4248280

Fax: 01-4227585/4229004

1.2.2 Institution Responsible for Preparing the Document

The Environment Impact Assessment of the proposal has been prepared by SCEC Pvt. Ltd. JV

NRAC, Anamnagar, Kathmandu for and on behalf of the proponent. The contact detail of the

consultancy is as follows:

SCEC Pvt. Ltd. JV Nepal Rural And Advancement Committee Pvt. Ltd. (NRAC)


Tel: 977-9841428732


http://www.snpl.com.np/



1.3. Objectives of EIA Study

The EIA study, as per EPA (2076), has an objective to prepare a comprehensive EIA study

report to facilitate decision making of the concerned agencies and stakeholders. Therefore, the

main objectives of the EIA Study are to:

Identify the major physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural baseline conditions;

Identify potential positive and adverse impacts for various proposal alternatives;

Prescribe appropriate, practical, cost effective and site specific mitigation measures for the

identified adverse environmental impacts to avoid or minimize or compensate adverse

impacts and enhancement measures for the capitalization of positive impacts;

Collect baseline data on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural component of the

local environment;

Assess alternative project design and give input on project design;

Develop Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Environmental Auditing Plan for

project construction and operation phase

1.4. Rationale for EIA Study

Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II), Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd.,

Bara District, Province 2 comprises 25 apartments with total Built up area more than 11866.062

square meters (that includes First Phase 5418.72 square meters (IEE has been approved), Second

Phase 5539.35 square meters and Club house/Recreational centre 907.99 square meters). The

height of the building is 26.4 m for both Phases and each of them has eight floors (Ground+7).

This project has been categorized as EIA project, because of the following characteristics:

Built up area – more than 10,000 square meters (attracts EPR 2077 schedule 3, E. 1.

Housing, buildings and urban development sector)

1.5. Relevancy of the Proposal

The demand for the proper residence for the managers near the main factory of the SNPL was

increasing. As there are no suitable economic living facilities around the factory, it was hence

essential to built the apartments for the managers not for commercial purpose so that it is

economic and with the boundary of the company.

1.6. Scope of the Study

The scope of this EIA study includes all the structures for Phase II (apartment building, Club

house, Recreational /fitness center and Temple, Fire hydrant system, Fire detection and alarm

system, Water treatment plant, Sewage treatment plant, Guard house, DG and electrical control

room, Parking facility for car and motor bikes.

Phase I is also the part of this EIA. The architectural, structural and services design of the Phase

I apartments consisting of 28 apartments were completed and the IEE for its construction has

been approved by Ministry of Urban Development, GoN (2075/02/10, see Annex Ib). The

SD/TOR for the EIA has been approved by MoFE on 2076/03/02 (see Annex Ia).



1.7. Study Team

The Study team required for the detailed EIA stage are mentioned below.

S.N

Expert Category

Qualification

1 Project Coordinator –EIA Expert: Dr Jyoti

Prasad Gajurel

Ph.D. in Conservation Biology (Botany)

2 Environmentalist: Dependra Pokhrel M.Sc. in Environment Science

3 Sociologist: Prakash Ghimire MA in Sociology

4 Project Engineer on Behalf of Client: Er.

Suresh Shrestha

M.E.

5 Civil Engineer: Umesh Dhital B.E. In Civil Engineering/M.Sc. in Water

Resources



CHAPTER II: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 The Proposal Location

The proposed project is located in Jitpur Simara Sub-Metropolitan city, Ward no. 2, Bara district

in the Province: 2 of Nepal. The project site is 1 km away in aerial distance from the Simara

Airport. The location of the project is presented in the following figures below.

Figure 1 Location Map (source: Google map and site visit 2018)

The land use of the project site comprises of barren land, bushes area, forest area and grass land.

No agricultural land is seen in the project area. The land use pattern of the project is given in the

figure below.



Figure 2 Land use Map (source: Department of Survey)

2.2 Accessibility

The project area is about 175 km road distance towards east west of Kathmandu. There is access

roads for the proposed project site namely Tribhuvan highway. A topographic map and Google

image of the project showing its accessibility is provided in the figure below:

Figure 3 The project access (source: field visit 2018 and google map)

2.3 Salient Features

The Construction of apartment for managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II) aims at



construction of 25 apartments and other recreational structures in the site where phase I is

located. Following Table 1 presents the salient feature of the project.

Table 1 Project’s Salient Feature

Items Description

Name of the Project Construction of apartment for managers of Surya Nepal Pvt.

Ltd. (Phase II)

Province 2

District Bara

Municipality Jeetpur Simara sub-metropolitan city , ward 2

Physiography Terai

Number of Buildings Two (Phase I-constructed; Phase II remaining)

Basic Facilities Phase 2 apartment building with 25 apartments

Club house

Recreational /fitness center and Temple

Fire hydrant system

Fire detection and alarm system

Water treatment plant

Sewage treatment plant

Guard house

DG and electrical control room

Parking facility for car and motor bikes

Land Area Phase 1: 1174 sq meter

Phase 2: 1088 sq meter

Club house: 719 sq meter

Road: 1535 sq meter

Total site area: 26947 sq meter

No. of stories Phase 1 (G + 7 )

Phase 2 (G+7)

Total No. of apartments Phase1 : 28 apartments

Phase 1 Unit A: 1474.98 sq. ft.

Unit B: 1185.00 sq. ft.

Total families: 28

Phase 2: 25 apartments

Phase 2 Unit A: 1474.98 sq. ft.

Unit B: 1800.00 sq. ft.

Unit C: 2600.00 sq. ft.

Total Families: 25

Per Day Water Requirements 12 KL in Phase I and 10 KL in Phase II

Water Storage Capacity 15 KL in Phase I and 15 KL in Phase II



Waste Waste per day = 15 kgs per apartment phase 1

Waste per day = 12 kgs per apartment phase 2

Per flat 0.5 kg per flat per day

Capacity of Parking Area Phase 1: Car-12 and Bike-40

Phase 1: Car-12 and Bike-40

Built up Area 11866.062 sq m (First Phase 5418.72, Second Phase 5539.35

and Club house/Recreational center 907.99)

Building Height Phase a 1 and phase 2 both are 26.4 m height

Ground Coverage

(apartment and other

building with road)

4515 sq. m . (about 17 %)

Setback Distance 6 m

Open Space 83% (approximate)

Total project cost Total NRs 92.6 Crs excluding VAT @ 13% (Phase 1 : NRs

42 Crs, Phase 2 : Nrs 45.25 Crs and Club House Nrs 5.35 Crs )

2.4 Project Details

2.4.1 Design Concept and Specifications

The building of the project will be earthquake resistant building with the optimum use of local

resources so as to define safe and economical structure. As per seismic zoning category, the

Simara region falls under category IV (DoMG). However, it is recommended to design for one

step higher i.e. zone V to make structure more stable (Project Report 2018). This will ensure

robustness and safety in design. All MEP services design will be designed as per ITC Standards.

Table 2 : Phase 2 with details on floor

S.No. Description

Built Up area

Area (Sq m) Area (Sq ft)

Phase 2

1 Apartment

a Ground floor 813 8746

b First floor plan 759 8172

c Second floor plan 801 8620

d Third floor plan 801 8620

e Fourth floor plan 794 8539

f Fifth floor plan 799 8596

g Sixth floor plan 387 4169

h Seventh floor plan 110 1184

i Sub total 5264 56644

2 Service blocks

a Car and motor cycle parking shed 275 2959.00



Sub total 275 2959

Grand total 5539.35 59603.41

Source: Project Report 2018

The building should epitomize engineering excellence in terms of design, materials and finishes,

services and energy efficiency. Design will be in conformity with latest National Building Code

(NBC) of Nepal. 11 kV electrical line is passing through the proposed site for the apartment;

hence construction has to happen leaving 3 meter on either side from the line (To be earmarked

in the drawing). Design should be such that it has to maximize the F.A.R. and ground coverage.

Table 3: Club House/Recreational Center

Structures Area (Sq m)

Club house

Ground floor 347

First floor 189

Gym and Recreational facility

Total block area (Gym /Badminton) 372

(Gym 540 and badminton/TT court 2450 sft)

Total area 908


Structural design of Phase II will confirm to requirements of seismic zone V (Z factor: 0.36), in

line with the Phase I design. Foundation will be designed as per the structural loads and soil

bearing capacity. All MEP services design will be designed as per ITC Standards. All design

parameters will conform to latest applicable National Building Code of Nepal or NBC of India,

whichever is stringent. The building should epitomize engineering excellence in terms of design,

materials and finishes, services and energy efficiency.



Figure 4 Project Site and Structures general layout (Source: Project Report 2018)

2.4.2 Access Road:

There is a separate path for vehicle (16 feet width) and pedestrian movement (5 feet with

interlocking blocks) available in phase 1 is required to be extended for phase 2 suitably as per

final zonal layout plan. Surface water drain will be along the roads. Bitumen road will be

provided.

2.4.3 Space Productivity:

Apartment will be multi storied for higher space utilization. Design will be in conformity with

latest National Building Code (NBC) of Nepal. Design should be such that it has to maximize

the F.A.R. and ground coverage, within permissible limits.

Table 4: Detail’s on room

S.N ROOMS UNIT A (sq.ft) UNIT B

(sq.ft)

1 Living Room 477 383.27

2 Study Room 56.8 0

3 Living Room Balcony 83.93 79.41

4 Master Bedroom 174.1 175.82

5 Dressing Room 42.61 48.31

6 Attached Toilet 58.43 48.31

7 Master Bedroom Balcony 58.75 47.99

8 Bedroom 169.69 159.89

9 Common Toilet 44.55 45.3

10 Kitchen 139.02 109.75

11 Kitchen Balcony 95.76 50.36

12 Utility 74.35 36.58

Total Carpet Area 1474.98 1185


The overall building height can be up to 35 meters as per the height clearance certificate obtained

from the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal considering the proximity of site to the Simara



Airport (see Annex X). Projection of columns and beams in the room needs to be avoided or

camouflaged as far as possible.

2.4.4 External Design Concept

1. The proposed building has to be commensurate with Building Architecture (Façade and

massing) of phase 2. Cool and pleasant colors matching with the phase 1 are proposed which

enhances the aesthetic appeal to the building. Suitable antifungal and weather resistance external

paints for durability are required.

Internal Design Concept:

1. One main staircase and one service staircase will be provided, both of which will act as

emergency staircase and hence fire door will be provided at landing of each floor for both the

staircases. All staircases should have handrails in both ends.

2. Each 2 BHK flat should have the same design of similar apartments of Phase I:

Master bed room with attached toilet and balcony, other bed room devoid of

attached toilet and balcony. Bed rooms would be projected outside for better

cross ventilation and lighting. Bed rooms will be provided with appropriate wood-

work and mirror.

One living cum dining room

Kitchen and one utility room close to the kitchen

Store /Utility to have provision for washing machine

3. Each 3 BHK (1800 sq ft, 3BHK means 3 bed room, 1 hall and 1 kitchen) flat should ideally

have the following:

Three bed rooms with attached toilet and balcony. Bed rooms would be

positioned at corners with cross ventilation and lighting. Bed rooms will be

provided with appropriate wood-work and mirror.

One living cum dining room

Kitchen and one utility room close to the kitchen

Store /Utility to have provision for washing machine

Flooring Finishes:

1. Main staircase- RCC only

2. All other areas (Living, Dining, Bedrooms, Kitchen) -Vitrified tiles and common areas with

granites

3. Balcony and Toilets: Anti-skid ceramic tiles

4. Toilets: Anti-skid ceramic tiles

5. Toilet wall cladding-Glazed tiles.

6. Utility, Store – Ceramic tile Flooring

Kitchen:

Modular kitchen with:

1. Chimney and Water purifier

2. Base units with worktop in granite.

3. One sink unit.



Location of Air Inlets And Windows:

The opening sizes will be designed to allow both proper day lighting and also ventilation for the

interiors.

1. Wood work

Main door – Teak door panel & teak wood door frame

Other interior doors – prefabricated door panels & salwood frames (of dimensions suiting

the room)

2. Windows

Large windows in living room, in bedrooms (suiting the room). The windows must have

security fencing, mesh screen and glazing with aluminum frames. The windows must be

well protected against rainwater splash / ingress. Window openings grills made out of MS

solid bars. Paint – 2 coats of anti-corrosive primer and 2 coats of enamel paint. Window

to have wire mesh.

The window will be sliding type.

Aluminum ventilators with grills & louvers.

3. Internal sanitary fixtures (preferred vendor: Parry ware / Hind ware/Equivalent) in each

restroom

Vitreous white glazed European water closet wall mounted pattern having 'P' or 'S' trap

outlet with necessary fittings

Vitreous white glazed counter sunk oval washbasin with necessary fittings.

Bathroom fittings will be ceramic type single level mixers

Electrical geyser

Quality mirror

Shower unit

2.4.5 Parking and Pathways:

Car parking for Phase 2 has been already considered in phase 1 external to the buildings.

Pedestrian paths and vehicular paths have to be demarcated for safety reasons and will be

extended from phase1.

Landscape Design:

The surrounding areas of the building will have adequate shrubs, grasses & lawns to maximize

the green areas. Irrigation facility will be provided utilizing STP (Micro bio film baffle reactor

(MBBR) technology with ultra-filtration) treated water. Watering will be done manually in

the garden.

Lawn will be provided with metallic benches.

Services Design

Services will be designed considering the following:

Conservation of Energy and Water

Eco-Friendly Systems

State-of-the-art Technology



Reliability

Operation and Maintenance Friendly

2.4.6 Wiring System:

The system of wiring will consist of PVC insulated, FRLS copper conductor wires. ELCBs will

be used in DBs as required for human safety.

Electrical System for Individual Apartments:

Following provisions will be made while designing electrical system for apartment rooms:

-Each Apartment with one three-phase MCB/ELCB DB inside the flat at a selected

location, considering aesthetics.

Emergency Power Generation:

DG in phase 1 meets the requirement of Phase 1. So, 100% lighting and all other facilities

including AC needs to be catered with suitable DG with manual change over for phase 2. (Diesel

Generator: Jakson Move 250 KVA X 2 Nos; Noise level <75 dc (A) as against Max 90 dB (A) as

per standard; Emission meets Euro III or Bharat III; Solar PV will be evaluated as back-up power

facility).

2.4.7 Fire & Life Safety and Ladder

The phase 2 apartment will be provided with Fire extinguishers and fire hydrant system

(Pumps and Sump considered) conforming to design TAC rules. The building will also have

FDS. Integration of FDS and fire hydrant system will also be done. Further fire escape routes are

mandatory for multi-story buildings. Hand held fire extinguishers are recommended as follows:

Water type extinguishers at all staircase landing at entrance

Carbon di-oxide type extinguishers in equipment room entrance

Dry chemical powder for car parking areas

Mechanical foam type extinguisher in fuel storage area

The emergency escape ladder will be kept in each building.

2.4.8 Drinking Water and Rain Water Harvesting System

The area is rich in water resource. Two Bore wells are required. One Bore well (300 feet x 8” NB) has already been drilled in phase 1 to meet water requirement of both phases. Another Bore

well will be kept as standby; will be considered. Alternative line through municipality supply and

water treatment system for phase 2 has already been taken into consideration in phase 1 design.

Underground storage tank of raw and treated water required for both phases have been

provisioned in phase 1. However, overhead (FRP tank) for phase 2 water requirement

needs to be considered.

Water is being used from the rivulet running nearby. We are entrapping 200 KL of rain water.

Nearly 50% being used and 50% allowed for percolation for ground water recharge. 30 KL is

being recycled and reused in building for toilet flushing and gardening. Used water is recycled in

STP and is used in gardening. All water is recycled and reused in the premises. SNPL has 57

acres of land and only 50% land is used. Natural percolation of water happens. We have

piezoelectric (Well sounder) instruments for monitoring the ground water. Further, we do ground

water check every five year through external expert and is derived that water discharge is less

than water recharge hence aquifer is regenerating.



2.4.9 Waste Water Management:

Waste water emerging from phase 2 apartments needs to be treated in STP (MBBR technology

with ultra-filtration). The reclaimed water will be used in garden and toilet flushing. There is no

issue of drainage inside the compound. Just outside of the compound, the municipality drainage

has been under construction. There is also facility for water pipe line outside the compound along

the main road. This will also aid in the ground water recharge. There will also be greenery along

the construction site, which also help in the water recharge. 30 KL is being recycled and reused

in building for toilet flushing and gardening. Used water is recycled in STP and is used in

gardening. All water is recycled and reused in the premises.

2.4.10 Solid Waste Management

Depending upon the nature and origin of solid waste, it will be collected in separate bins

distinguished by different colour. The separate buckets will be used after source segregation of

waste. The colour as well as level has been given to the bucket as per nature and origin of the

waste is given in table 5.

Table 5 Type of Wastes and respective colour of bucket for segregation of waste

Color of bucket Type/nature of waste

Green bucket Biodegradable waste

Blue bucket Non-metal (plastic, plastic bottles, papers, etc.)

Red bucket Metal waste (glassware, metal rods, )


Waste bins are available @ housing site. They are segregated. Bio degradable waste are

composted in vermin composting pit. Vermi compost reclaimed from pit is used in garden. The

facility is available inside the housing /apartment compound at a distance of 30 meters. Generally

bio-degradable and non-metal wastes are comparatively less-risky than metal waste. The solid

waste management approach will be followed in the apartment as per the nature and type of

waste.

Bio-degradable waste: it includes mostly food waste, paper, garbage, small wood pieces.

Non-metal waste: includes the plastic bags, wood, paper etc.

Metal waste: it includes the glassware, metal rods, etc.

Glass: It includes bottles and other products made from glass.

2.4.11 Water-Proofing:

Restrooms, Balconies, terrace and water storage areas are to be waterproofed.

2.4.12 Security System:

The facility is already equipped with compound walls. Security surveillance using CCTV camera

and telephone facility required for phase 2 will be integrated with phase 1. Security block is

already available in phase 1 near main entrance.

2.4.13 Communication:

Broadband/Internet connectivity, telephone, EPBAX will be provided together with television

cable.



2.4.14 Premises Lighting:

The facility will have the following based on cost benefit analysis.

LED /Sodium /Mercury Vapour street lights

LED/ Sodium /Mercury vapour compound lights

Open area lighting

2.5 Project Requirements

2.5.1 Land

The project will be developed in the land with an area of 26947 sq. meter, owned by the Surya

Nepal Pvt. Ltd. required site clearance works and earthworks will be carried out as per the

drawings, specifications and instructions. Anti-termite treatment (1% active ingredient emulsion)

will be carried out during pre-construction treatment which involves foundation treatment,

backfill treatment, plinth level treatment and outer periphery treatment. The land entitlement

certificate is enclosed in Annex III.

2.5.2 Machinery and Equipment/Technique Construction Material

Materials in Foundation and structural RCC: Cement, concrete, steel, sand, aggregates,

bricks, stone, formwork plywood/timber.

Materials in civil works and finishing: bricks, stone, cement, sand, aggregate, marbles,

tiles, paints, metal works, Sal wood frames, readymade shutters, aluminum windows,

water proofing materials.

Stock piling will be done on readily accessible spaces and around the project building

block. Basement could also be used for stock piling after its construction. If there is any

land available nearby on rent, it will be used for stock piling.

Heavy equipment’s will be disassembled at source and transported on trucks. Wheeled heavy equipment will be brought on own drives. All the transportation activities will

abide by the traffic rules/ regulation of the GoN. Permission will be obtained from the

traffic for the night haulage of construction materials.

2.5.3 Human Resources Input

First phase (foundation and structure work): Number of workers from 70 to 330 based on

nature of the work. Workers will be managed by the bidding contractors.

Second phase (civil and finishing work): Numbers of workers from 40 to 180 and more

on subcomponent works like escalators works, air conditioning works, electric works,

sanitary plant works, water treatment plant works, swimming pool, paraphernalia, fire-

fighting equipment works etc.

Special attention to Safety occupational health safety through the provision of needed

gears and Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs).

Health insurance will be provided to the construction workers.

2.5.4 Emergency Power Generation

100% lighting and all other facilities including AC needs to be catered with existing

standby power (Diesel Generator: Jakson Move 250 KVA X 2 Nos; Noise level <75 dc



(A) as against Max 90 dB (A) as per standard; Emission meets Euro III or Bharat III;

Solar PV will be evaluated as back-up power facility)

There are no solar power; so two 250 KVA, 3 phase diesel generators are used for power

back up. As country has already achieved the condition of load shedding free, use of

diesel is very minimal. 20 Liters diesel used per day.

2.5.5 Electrical System

Each Apartment with one three-phase MCB/ELCB DB inside the flat at a selected

location, considering aesthetics.

Power control center with AMF will be provided.

Low voltage cables: 1100 V grade, PVC insulated aluminum conductor, armored power

cable will be provided. The cable will be laid in indoor trenches /cable trays as required.

MCB distribution boards: DBs will be suitable for single phase /three phase.

Switches /sockets: Multi pin flush type socket outlets controlled by flush type SP

switches. 16 A or higher will be housed inside a metal box.

Exhaust fans of suitable size will be provided.

Luminaries / Lamps: All luminaries will be approved make fluorescent /CFL/ LED

decorative type. The lighting layout will be aesthetically pleasing and taking into

considering possible energy saving.

Earthing: TNS Earthing system with GI /CI pipe earth station conforming fully to IS

3043-1966 to 2.5 m long GI /CI pipe 450 x 450 mm.

Building to have lighting protection system.

2.5.6 Utilities requirement

Water Storage (Raw and treated underground tanks already considered in phase 1). Only

overhead water tank to be made for water consumption of phase 2.

Deep tube well with the water treatment plant is already available in phase 1.

Utility area e.g. DG, fuel storage is already considered in phase 1)

Internal access road grid and drainage system (Phase 1 road & drainage to be extended)

Waste collection and disposal

Two lifts (One service lift and other normal lift) to be provided in the proposed apartment

2.5.7 Electricity

Electricity requirement of phase 2 on HT and LT has already been considered in phase 1. All

electrical equipment /switchgears are to be of approved make as per CEHS approved list. Design

of DBs in phase 2 should also take into account the electrical loads from geyser, split air

conditioning system one each per room, lighting and luminaries, fans and other appliances like

fridge, micro wave oven, washing machine etc.

2.5.8 Power Distribution

Suitable power distribution transformer with OLTC has been already designed in phase 1

considering phase 2 requirements. Main LT Panel/ nearby JB, cables will be laid and connected

to the DB for the building. The DB will cater to the Entire Apartment Block’s Electrical loads. The DB will be provided with Molded Case Circuit Breakers (MCCBs). Provision has already

been made in the main panel / DBs for the changeover of power source from grid to Distributed



Generation (DG) and DG to grid in phase 1. The Ratings and no. of feeders in each DB will be

worked out as per actual requirement. Adequate no. of spare feeders has already been provided in

the panels/DBs as per norms of phase 1. Suitable energy metering arrangement should be

provided for individual apartment and common facility. All electrical panels will be of approved

vendors of ITC.

2.5.9 Construction Materials

For the implementation of the project, different construction materials will be required during the

construction period. The major construction materials required for Phase II are as follows:

Cement : 2000 MT (Metric ton) procured from Shivam Cement factory, Hetauda

Sand: 3700 cubic meter from Nijgadh crusher

Aggregate: 3800 Cubic meter from Hetauda from crusher

Rebar: 600 MT of different diameters from Hama Iron factory

Admixture (Plasticizer): 9000 lits of CAC superflow from dealer from Kathmandu

AAC block: 26000 nos of 200 mm thickness and 1500 nos of 100 mm from Eco block

factory, Jeetpur

Thin bed mortar: 1 MT from Eco block factory, Jeetpur

Brick : 2.5 Lacs nos from Chimney around Kalaiya area

Aluminium section : 35 MTfor windows from KB Sam aluminium factory, Jeetpur

Wood: 11 cubic meter from saw mill, Chitawan

Tiles/granites: Approximately 160 Tons sourced from Johnson tiles factory India through

authorized agent based in Kathmandu.

2.5.10 Emergency Escape, earthquake safety

The emergency escape, earthquake safety considered for project are given below:

Design in conformity with seismic zone V (Though Simara lies in Seismic zone IV, one

step higher with additional cost impact to ensure human safety)

Provision of emergency and main staircase

Provision of emergency assembly point

Emergency evacuation procedure and emergency organization structure

Fire hydrant and smoke detectors to signal the fire hazard at its nascent stage

Smoke management system in case of fire

Provision of fire doors and fire separation to confine the propagation of fire from one

zone to other

Aviation light at building top

Provision of lightning protection

Fire extinguisher and fire exit signage



2.5.11 Stockpile site and Spoil Disposal

The Stocks of different material will be maintained within project compound. There are sufficient

area for buffering the stock pile required for construction. Similarly, following spoil disposal

plan has been considered:

Re bar/metallic waste will be sold to scrap vendor for recycle

Sand/aggregate waste will used as base material for road construction

Bricks/AAC blocks will be used as base materials for road

Tiles/granite waste will be buried within own project compound

Wood /shutter ply will be sold to scap vendor for using as fuel materials

Aluminium section waste will be sold to scrap vendor for recycling purpose

Thin bed mortar will have no waste

Admixture waste: No waste as automatic batching plant available within the site

2.6 Construction Period

It is estimated that the construction of the project will be completed in within one year.

2.7 Project Cost

The cost for Phase 1: NRs 42 Crs, Phase 2: Nrs 45.25 Crs and Club House Nrs 5.35 Crs (Total

NRs 92.6 Crs excluding VAT @ 13%.



CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY FOR EIA STUDY

3.1. Literature Review

Literature review is one of the important tasks of EIA study which includes collecting information

about legal provision, practices and details of projects, project area information, and review of

similar EIA reports. The secondary data required in EIA study was collect from the district and

Municipality profile whereas the primary data related to the project was collect from the design and

feasibility study of project. The following literatures related to EIA study for the proposed Residence

Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. were collected:

a. Master plan study report of the proposed Residence Apartment.

b. Architectural and detail design report of Residence Apartment.

c. District and Municipality profile of Bara.

d. CBS, 2011

e. Rules, regulations, legislations, guidelines, directives of GoN related to this project.

f. Environmental Statistics of Nepal 2019

g. DHM Data

3.2 Impact Area Delineation

The project’s zone of influence is defined on the basis of perceived direct and indirect impacts due to the project activities. The area where the project will be implemented, its adjacent land plots and

adjacent built up structures is defined as the Direct Impact Area (DIA) whereas from 500 m radius

from the centre of construction site is categorized as Indirect Impact Area (IIA), which is the general

method of area delineation in similar studies. The project is perceived to have a significant level of

influence areas as defined below.

Table 6 Impact Delineation Area

Zone of Influence Jeetpur Simara, Sub-metropolitan city, ward 2, Bara District

Direct Impact Area (DIA) Project implementation site where the construction will be carried

out

Indirect Impact Area (IIA) Adjacent sites of the ward 2 of Jeetpur Simara within the radius of

500 m

3.3. Field Visit and Site Inspection

The field visits were conducted in June 2018 for field survey, public consultation by

multidisciplinary team of environmentalist, Socio-economist and biologist for collecting information

on physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environment of project site. The team of

expert has been generated data regarding the physical, biological and socio-economic environment of

direct and indirect zone of influence (ZoI) with the methodological approaches as given below;

3.3.1. Physical Environment

The field visit team collected the site specific information on topography, geology, soil, drainage

characteristic, rainfall, meteorological condition through direct inspection and consultation with local

people. The information was collected delineating the direct impact zone of Building construction

and operation activities.

3.3.2. Biological Environment

The vegetation in the surrounding were observed through walkthrough in the project direct impact

zone. The protected plant species in the direct and indirect zone of influence as per the IUCN red list,

CITES appendices and GoN list species were enumerated through consultation with local people.

Wildlife bio-diversity at the local level was studied in the field using appropriate methods as required

to unravel the linkages between wildlife habitats and proposal activities. The indicator wildlife and



threatened or endangered species (as per IUCN Red Book, CITES Appendices, and GoN list) in the

area were identified through direct observation or in consultation with the local communities.

3.3.3. Socio-economic and Cultural Environment

The information on socio-economic condition of the people of project affected area were collected

through focus group discussion, informal public consultations, key informant survey at project

vicinity using pre-design checklist, which included key socio-economic characteristics.

The information about public institution and social infrastructure such as school, health post drinking

water structure was collected from municipality office and public consultation. All sites of religious,

cultural and historical importance within the directly zone of influence were visited and observed.

The social, cultural and religious values and significance of these sites were noted through

consultation with locals.

3.4. Impact Assessment (identification, Prediction and Evaluation)

The identification and prediction of environmental impacts were based on the existing environmental

condition of project site. The baseline environmental conditions of the project area from secondary

(literature review) and primary (field survey and interaction with people) sources were evaluated in

relation to construction and operation of the building.

Using the provisions as given in the National EIA Guidelines (NPC/IUCN, 1993), impacts have been

predicted and quantified, wherever possible and then evaluated again by using the scoring systems.

The nature of impacts have been evaluated in terms of type (direct or indirect); magnitude (high,

medium, low); extent (regional, local, or site specific); and duration (short term, medium term or

long term).

3.5. Public Hearing and Consultation

In order to ensure the public involvement, hearing was conducted on 2076/02/22 at Jeetpur Simara

sub-metropolitan city, ward 2 to discuss with the concerned people and institutions on possible

impacts from implementation of the proposal. There were 45 participants (Annex VI & VII).

EIA team also carried out interaction with local communities and related stakeholders during field

survey to collect the public concerns and suggestions. The suggestion and recommendation of the

interaction have been incorporated in the EIA report.



CHAPTER IV: EXISTING ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS

Information on baseline conditions is essential for the evaluation of the impact of the development

work in the project area. This Chapter describes the existing environmental conditions of the Project

development district, Jeetpur Simara sub-metropolitan city, ward 2. The existing environmental

condition described below are generated by assembling and evaluating all the data collected through

the primary source i.e. field visit and secondary sources i.e. review of available topographic- maps,

geological maps, Google images and literature etc.

4.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE AREA

4.1.1 Physiography and topography

Physiographically, project is located in the northern extent of Indo-gangetic belt. Geographically, it

is located at Terai region of the country. The project is about 96m above sea level.

Figure 5 Physiographic map (source: Department of Survey, GoN)

4.1.2 Geology and soil

The project area is located in the geologically stable land which is composed of alluvial fan deposits.

Alluvial fan deposits enriched with recent organic matters has made the soil very fertile for

agricultural productivity. The subsurface geology contains of gravels and sand deposits at about 15m

below the ground.

4.1.3 Climate

Specific climatic data of the project influence area (municipality) is not available. However, the 8

years data from 2009 and 2016 recorded by nearest station at Simara Airport showed that the

minimum temperature to be 80C whereas the maximum temperature is 420C. Similarly, the average

temperate temperature was observed to be about 190C. The annual average rainfall analysed from 8

years station data (2009- 2016) is 2160.55 mm. Climatically, The project area falls on tropical

climate.



Figure 6 Geological Map of the Project Area (Source: Department of Mines and Geology)

4.1.4 Hydrology

The GPS coordinates of this district is 27°2' N latitude and 85°00' E longitude. The natural resources

of the district also include rivers and streams like Bakaiya, Jamuniya,Pasaha, Dudhaura and Bangari

which are shown in Figure.

Figure 7 Hydrological map of the project district

Project Area

Project

Area



4.1.5 Ground Water Resource

Almost one half of the country’s population is living in the Terai and they depend solely on

groundwater for their domestic water needs. Being a part of the larger Ganges basin and because of

ample rainfall/snowmelt confluence, the Terai plain is in a good position with respect to renewable

groundwater reserves, and has enough scope to expand its utilization. In the Terai, according to

Kansakar (1996), 165 million cubic meter of ground water is extracted annually for domestic

purpose where as about 520 million cubic meter is abstracted annually for irrigation while the annual

recharge is estimated as 8,800 million cubic meter. The site specific data were not available however,

comparing with the above literature and comparing the land use pattern of the project area which is

mostly agricultural land, it is regarded that it has sufficient rechargeable zone for groundwater

renewable.

4.1.6 Land Distribution and Natural Resources

Total area of forest in Bara district is 45,981 ha and is divided into Community forest, Individual

forest, Religious forest and National forest from where the people of the district uses their main fuel

for energy, fuelwood. District also includes shrubs areas of 51 ha. People in the rural areas use

agricultural residues and cattle waste for their energy end-use. The main cereal crops produced in

Bara are paddy, maize, wheat, barley, millet, and variety of cash crops i.e. mustard oilseed, potato,

sugarcane, etc are cultivated as winter seasonal, summer seasonal and non-seasonal (CBS, 2012).

Some of the major land use area of district has been shown in Figure.

Figure 8 Land use and resources of Bara District (Department of Survey)



Figure 9 Road network of Bara District

4.1.7 Roads and Infrastructure

Many municipalities of Bara district have access to road transportation. The East-West Mahendra

highway passes through this district. Roads are both black topped are gravelled with distance of

district from Kathmandu is 283.55 km. The project site is directly connected to the highway. The

road network map of the district is as shown in Figure below.

Figure 10 Road Network (Department of Survey)

4.1.8 Air Quality, Water Quality and Noise Levels

There is no recorded data on air quality around the project area. Mounting of traffic congestion

mainly in the main road and haphazard settlement has led to poor air quality in the city. Similarly,

the re-construction of the highway has caused excessive dust related air pollution.

Due to the plain topography of the Terai and vegetation within the project compound, pollution level

seems to be minimized. So, comparatively air quality in and around the project area is very pleasant

compared outside where highway is present. Noise level around the project area seems to be within

permissible level as it is located away from dense and populated area as well as away from highway

which is 40 to 60 dB.



The underground water was collected and its quality when tested showed potable type. The pH, total

Chloride, Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate, Magnesium and Iron are within the Nepal Drinking Water

Quality Standard as in Annex IX.

4.1.9 Cultural and Religious Sites

The project area is devoid of any cultural and religious sites of local or historical importance.

However the Jitpur Simara Sub-metropolitan has few: Gadimai Temple, Musarnimai Temple, Kali

Temple & Krishna Temple.

4.1.10 Sewerage and Storm water drainage

Facilities of concrete drainage systems are provided for drainage of sewerage and storm water in

clustered residential and commercial area of the project influence area. But these drainages are not

efficient is draining effluents as the pipes are clogged with waste and problems of stagnant water

prevails. All the roads in the municipality have provisions of storm water drainage but their non-

concrete nature, higher surface gradient etc. have result the formation of surface water pools during

monsoon. Besides, encroachment of irrigation channels during construction of new buildings have

also resulted the problem of storm water drainage in the municipality. Urban flooding in many parts

of the municipality is the common problem in every monsoon.

4.1.11 Irrigation Canal

Raj Kulo (which is dry) is at the distance of 20 meters from the project site There is no obstruction to

the Raj Kulo. It is in its natural condition. The path of Raj Kulo is in natural condition, that will also

not be obstructed and it will not overflow in the project sites.

4.2 Biological Environment

The project site lies outside the national park, wildlife reserve, hunting reserve, officially recognized

conservation area or any other locally recognized ecologically sensitive site. All the sides of the

project site periphery are surrounded by roads. The nearest national park is Parsa National Park

which is about 30 km in aerial distance.

4.2.1 Vegetation

The forest type in the project district is tropical with Sisoo forest. The project site is devoid of

species of flora; however, the compound of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. has many tree and herbs cultivated

by the company long before. The local species of flora (including the cultivated species initiated

activity by Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. to make the city look green) available in the ward no. 2 of the

Jitpur Simara sub-metropolitan around project site are as follows.

Table 6 : Some Plants

S. N. Common Scientific Name Habit

1 Aanp Mangifera indica Tree

2 Amba Psidium guajava Tree

3 Ashok Saraca asoca Tree

4 Bakaino Melia azedarach Tree

5 Ban Tulasi Ocimum gratissimum Herb

6 Bans Dendrocalamus giganteus Tall Herb

7 Bar Ficus benghalensis Tree

8 Bayer Ziziphus jujuba Tree

9 Bijaya Sal Pterocarpus marsupium Tree

10 Chhatiwan Alstonia scholaris Tree

11 Sal Shorea robusta Tree

12 Dumree Ficus racemosa Tree

13 Epilistic Leucaena leucocephala Tree



S. N. Common Scientific Name Habit

14 Ginger Zingiber officinale Herb

15 Gulmohar Delonix regia Tree

16 Imeli Tamarindus indica Tree

17 Jamer Citrus jambhiri Tree

18 Jamun Syzygium cumini Tree

19 Kapur Cinnamomum camphora Tree

20 Karma (Moeri) Haldina cordifolia Tree

21 Katahar Artocarpus lacucha Tree

22 Khajur Chamaerops humilis Tree

23 Ghas Poa annua Herb

24 Koiralo Bauhinia variegata Tree

25 Masala Eucalyptus camaldulensis Tree

26 Nariwal Cocos nucifera Tree

27 Neem Azadirachta indica Tree

28 Negalo Drepanostachyum

intermedium

Herb

29 Pipal Ficus religiosa Tree

30 Rajbriksha Cassia fistula Tree

31 Sano Uniyu Pteris sp Herb

32 Rubber Ficus elastica Tree

33 Rudraksha Elaeocarpus serratus Tree

34 Satisal Dalbergia latifolia Tree

35 Sidh (Gamhar) Gmelina arborea Tree

36 Simal Bombax ceiba Tree

37 Siris Albezia lucidior Tree

38 Sisoo Dalbergia sissoo Tree

39 Uniyo Dryopteris sp Herb

40 Tadi Borassus flabellifer Tree

41 Tick Tectona grandis Tree

42 Utis Alnus nepalensis Tree

43 Bel Aegle marmelos Tree

44 Dhupi Juniperus indica Tree

45 Emli jhar Oxalis corniculata Herb

46 Gulaf Rosa hybrida Shrub

47 Khar Themeda villosa Herb

48 Kush Desmostachya bipinnata Herb

49 Phul kath Hydrangea heteromalla Herb

50 Umresho Thysanolaena latifolia Herb

Source: Field survey (2018)

Among the plants mentioned above, followings have the conservation status as follows

Table 7: Conservation Status

SN Scientific name Nepali

name

Family GoN IUCN CITES Classification

1 Bombax ceiba L. Simal Bombacaceae - LC - -

2 Shorea robusta Gaertn. Sal Dipterocarpaceae P LC - Species

banned for

export



IUCN Threat Category: T: Threatened, E: Endangered, R: Rare, V: Vulnerable, LR/LC: Lower

Risk/least concern; CITES Category: Appendix I, II, III (Classified according to the threat due to

trade); Government of Nepal (GoN) Protection Category: P: Protected

Among plants Shorea robusta (Sal) is GoN protected while it and Bombax ceiba (Simal) fall under

least concern in IUCN redlist.

4.2.2 Fauna

Some faunal habitats are observed in project construction site due to near by trees and other plant

species. The followings are species of fauna observed or noted from the consultation with local

people:

Table 8: Some Fauna

S. N Animal Scientific name

1 Ajingar Python molurus

2 Bakulla Bubulcus ibis

3 Ban khukura Gallus gallus

4 Bandar Maccaca multta

5 Bandel Soc scrofa

6 Bas kouwa Malurus splendens

7 Bhaguta Anura ranidae

8 Biralo Felis catus

9 Chetuwa Panthera pardus

10 Chheparo Sauria lacertidae

11 Dhanes Buceros bicornis

12 Dog Cannis familiaris

13 Goat Capra hircus

14 Koilee Cuculus sp.

15 Lato Kosero Tyto alba

16 Lokherke Rodentia sciurus

17 Malsapro Martes flavigula

18 Mouree Apis mellifera

19 Musa Ratus ratus

Source: Field survey (2018)

Among them, Bandar (Macaca mulatta) falls in CITES Appendix II while Python molurus falls

under Appendix I.

Fishes: As the rivers are far away from the DIA as well as IIA, no fishes have been reported nearby

the project area.

4.3 Socio-Economic Environment

Jeetpur Simara is a sub-metropolitan city in Bara District in Province No. 2 of Southern Nepal. Area:

309.7 km². Weather: 27°C, Wind E at 10 km/h, 85% Humidity Population: 114,185 (2011). Jeetpur

Simara Sub-Metropolitan City is a recently established city in 2073 BS in Bara District of Narayani

Zone in central Nepal by merging 5 new VDC’s (Inarwa, Amlekhgunj, Manaharwa, Haraiya and

Rampur Tokani) to Gadhimai municipality which was established on 18 May 2014 by merging

Pipara Simara, Phattepur, Dumbarwana Jitpur Bhawanipur, Chhata Pipra VDC’s. The present population of this city is 114785 with a population growth rate of 2.25 per annum. It is surrounded

by Nijgadh municipality, Kolvi municipality in the east, Parsa district in the west, Makawanpur

District in the north and Kalaiya sub-metropolitan city in the south. It covers major portion of

Pathlaiya-Birgunj industrial corridor.



Due to the high immigration rate, the population of this city has increased tremendously which in

return has increased the waste generation rate of this city. Because of lack of data on waste

generation and composition, this city has not been able to formulate effective plans to properly

manage collection, transportation and disposal of MSW. Only the commercial waste generated in

Jeetpur market area is being collected but the collected wastes are also not properly disposed. They

are collected and simply thrown at the bank of the river. Some of the wastes which can be reused or

recycled are collected by waste pickers and sold to the scrap dealers. This haphazard throwing of the

waste at the bank of river has caused water pollution, bad odour and nuisance, loss in aesthetic value

and serious environmental and health hazards. So, characterization and quantification of solid waste

is necessary for formulation of proper plans and policies for sustainable solid waste management in

this city. The per capita waste generation rate of Jeetpur Simara Sub-Metropolitan City is found 120

g/day. The quantity of waste generation is calculated to be 15 tons/day which includes 13.8 tons/day

wastes from household, 0.9 tons/ day from commercial and 0.3 tons/day from institutional sector.(

Characterization and Quantification of Municipal Solid Waste in Jeetpur Simara Sub- Metropolitan

City, Nepal, Bikash Adhikari, 2017).

4.3.1 Demographic Structure

The population trend line is as shown in Figure 2.3. According to the census of 2011, out of the total

population of 687,708; 351,244 were male and 336,464 were female. Total number of household is

108,635 and average household size is 6.33 on the basis of usual place of residence. Sex ratio (No. of

male per 100 female populations) is 104.4 and population density 578 per km2. The main languages

spoken in Bara are Bhojpuri, Bajjika, Maithili and Nepali.

Figure 11 :Population growth trend in Bara (CBS, 2011)

4.3.2 Caste and Ethnic Group

The project influence district is heterogeneous in terms of caste and ethnic composition, comprising

of more than 70 caste and ethnic groups. The majorities of the population in the project influence

area belong to Muslim (13.1%), followed by Yadav (10.5%) and Tharu (10.5%) respectively.

Similarly, Kanu, Ram, Braman-Hill, Teli, Tamang and Kurmi are other major ethnic groups in the

project District. The detail of the ethnicity of people living in the project influence district is

presented in the table below:

Table 9 :Caste/Ethnicity of Bara District

Ethnicity / Caste Total Percentage

(%)

Musalman 89,834 13.1

Yadav 72,253 10.5

Tharu 71,993 10.5

Kanu 33,030 4.8



Ethnicity / Caste Total Percentage

(%)

Koiri/Kushwaha 30,644 4.5

Chamar/Harijan/Ram 30,170 4.4

Brahman – Hill 29,692 4.3

Teli 28,338 4.1

Tamang 27,809 4.0

Kurmi 27,067 3.9

Dusadh/Pasawan/Pasi 20,974 3.0

Kalwar 20,271 2.9

Dhanuk 19,875 2.9

Chhetree 18,872 2.7

Bin 11,197 1.6

Kumhar 10,585 1.5

Musahar 9,639 1.4

Nuniya 9,374 1.4

Dhobi 8,136 1.2

jam/Thakur 8,122 1.2

Sonar 7,300 1.1

Lohar 7,246 1.1

Magar 6,758 1.0

Tatma/Tatwa 6,355 0.9

Other 82174 11.9

Total 687,708 100

Source: CBS, 2011



4.3.3 Mother Tongue

There are more than 40 different languages spoken by the people of Bara District, majorities of

which speak Nepali (30.6%) followed by Hindi (17.0%) and Bhojpuri (3.2%). Urdu, Tharu, etc

are other languages used by the people of the project area. The following table shows the

scenario of variety of languages spoken as mother tongue by the people in the project influence

Bara District.

Table 10: Mother Tongue of Bara District

Mother tongue Population Percentage (%)

Nepali 210,440 30.6

Hindi 116,685 17.0

Bhojpuri 21,830 3.2

Urdu 6,597 1.0

Tharu 6,503 0.9

Others 1876 0.3

Total 687,708 100.0

Source: CBS, 2011

4.3.4 Religion

In the project area, majority of the people practice Hindu (81.7%), Buddhist (4.5%) and Islam

(13.0%), Christianity (0.2%) as their religion.

Table 11: Population by Religion in the Project Development Districts

Religion Population Percentage (%)

Hindu 562081 81.7%

Buddhist 31142 4.5%

Islam 89686 13.0%

Christian 1621 0.2%

Kirati 1290 0.2%

Others 1888 0.3%

Total 687708 100.0%

Source: CBS, 2011

4.3.5 Education and Literacy

About 52.0% populations of project area are literate. The ratio of literacy population male is

(62.79%) and female is (40.67%).

Table 12: Literacy Status of Bara District

Gender

Population who Literacy not

stated

Literacy

Rate (%) Can read &

write Can read only

Can't read &

write

Both Sex 316551 18345 273830 494 52

Male 195448 9270 106556 190 62.79

Female 121103 9075 167274 304 40.67

Source: CBS, 2011



4.3.6 Institutions

Health

Bara district has a district hospital, along with 4 Public Health Care Centers, 11 Health Posts, 83

Sub-Health Posts, 297 Public Health Care outreach clinics, 492 Expanded Programme on

Immunization clinics, 884 Female Community Health Volunteers, and 2 private sectors. Despite

of a number of challenges in the health sector, health service seeking behavior has gradually

increased, maternal and neonatal mortality rates have decreased and coverage by immunization

and safe motherhood services have improved (CBS, 2012).

Communication

Most rural/urban municipalities in Bara have one or more communications options: landline,

CDMA, GSM mobile or V-SAT telephones. The district has easy access to various national daily

and television. Landline connections also provide internet access to government offices and

NGOs located in district. Mobile phones have also become a good source of internet recently.

Most people have a mobile phone equipped with one or more SIM-cards. The district has few

FM stations and local newspapers which publish from district headquarter (CBS, 2012).

Energy

The major source of energy in the district is fuel wood and electricity. Agriculture residue and

cattle dung (briquette) are also used in rural areas for cooking purpose and kerosene for lighting

where there is less access to LPG and electricity. LPG are used for cooking purpose in urban

areas while electricity for lighting purposes. The use of LPG is considerably high and BSP has

launched several projects for the instalment of biogas plants which have made the accessibility of

energy a lot simpler and easier (CBS, 2011).

4.3.7 Usually Active and Inactive Population

As per the census of 2011, 30.63% of the total population is economically active population.

Agriculture is the major occupation in the project district. However, significantly high percentage

of people is engaged in general work as skilled and semi-skilled manpower in small industries,

agriculture and miscellaneous sectors. Besides that, business and services are also the important

sector of economy in the project district.

Table 13: Usually Active and Inactive Populations

Status Male Female

Population Percentage (%) Population Percentage (%)

Economically Active 156866 44.66 53741 15.98

Economically Inactive 194378 55.34 282,723 84.02

Total 351,244 100 336,464 100

Source: CBS, 2011

4.3.8 Drinking water and sanitation

Majority of population (88.58%) in the project influence district are facilitated drinking water

system. But water supply is not sufficient enough to fulfill the water demand of the people of the

project area. Only 19.06% population people are facilitated form Sanitation coverage. The water

quality report is enclosed in Annex IX of this document.

Table 14: Drinking water and sanitation

Drinking Water Supply Sanitation Coverage

Population Percentage Population Percentage



416668 88.58 132251 19.06

Source: (NDWSO) 2011

4.3.9 Industries around the Project Site

Simara is industrial area. There are many industries in Simara. The North of the Construction site

has Surya Nepal Cigratte Factory and away from it is Jagdamba Steels Pvt. Ltd. On Eastern Part

is the airport. On South, there is Shalimar Cement P. Ltd. and Unitech Cement Pvt. Ltd. There

are no factories on West part.



CHAPTER V: RELEVANT POLICIES, LEGISLATIONS, GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS

Government of Nepal has adopted various plans, policies, acts, guidelines and standards to ensure

the maximum protection of the environment while carrying out the development activities. The

different plans, policies, acts, guidelines and standards related to the implementation of the proposed

project are described below:

5.1 Constitution

Constitution of Nepal

The constitution of Nepal focuses on raising the standards of living of the general public. The

constitution asserts that; The State shall pursue a policy of raising the standards of living of the

general public through the development of infrastructures such as education, health, housing and

employment of the people of all regions, by equitably distributing investment of economic

investment for the balanced development of the country.

5.2 Plan, Policies and Strategies

Fifteen Plan (2076/77-2080/81)

Environmental problems identified by the Fifteenth Plan Approach paper include: imbalance

between infrastructure development and environment; lack of coordination among three tiers of

government, industries, research organizations, and other stakeholders; and increase in air, noise,

water, and land pollution due to weak implementation capability.

One of the main objectives of 15thPlan is to maintain balance between physical infrastructure

development and natural environment. The Plan’s strategy to achieve such balance is to make environmental impact assessment (EIA) and impact minimization inseparable part of infrastructure

development. The implementation policy is to make guidelines for EIA broad and practical. The Plan

also aims to make EIA approval process simple and transparent. The Plan also proposes to set aside

specific percentage of budget for the minimization of adverse environmental impacts in EIA reports

itself.

National Land Policy, 2071 BS

The ministry of land reform and management launched this policy to ensure the optimum use of land

and fragmentation and aims to encourage optimal use of land for agriculture. The policy also talks of

adopting land pooling concept to acquire land for development projects. Since, the BGR is using the

private land; this project does not attract the objective of the policy.

National Urban Policy, 2064 BS

The National Urban Policy came with an objective to promote healthy, liveable, safe, and

economically vibrant urban environment though planned provision of infrastructure services,

facilities and amenities, which ensure improved quality of life of urban people.

National Climate Change Policy, 2076 BS

This policy includes climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction; low carbon development and

climate resilience; access to financial resources and utilization; capacity building, peoples’ participation and empowerment; study, research, technology transfer, climate friendly natural

resources management and institutional set up with legal provisions, and importance of monitoring

and evaluation.

National Plan of Action for Safer Building Construction, 2072 BS

The overall objective of the National Plan of Action for Safer Building Construction (SBC) in Nepal

is develop a common conceptual and strategic framework that helps to identify the necessary inputs

and actions for contributing to safer urban/semi-urban building constructions against time and



resources. There are 10 Main goals which are streamlined and 16 Strategies are adopted to

accompany these goals.

Main Goals of National Plan of Action for Safer Building Construction (SBC) are:

Immediate Response to Recent Disaster

Policies and Regulation

Codes and Guidelines (Drafting and Revision)

Risk Sensitive Land Use Planning and Building Bye Laws

Capacity Building

Physical Facility Support

Awareness, Education and Demand creation

Internalization, adaptation and Enforcement

Monitoring and Evaluation

Retrofitting

National Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Policy, 2065 BS

The goal of the National Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Policy is to ensure the socio‐economic development, improved health status and quality of life of urban populations, including the

poor and marginalised, through the provision of sustainable water supply and sanitation

services and protection of the environment.

The Policy recognizes that the scope of urban water and sanitation services extends beyond fulfilling

the basic human needs, which aims towards achieving improved quality of life through providing

safe, reliable, adequate and enhanced services to the consumers. Compatible infrastructure,

appropriate institutional setup, rationalized cost recovery, favourable financing environment,

enhanced people’s participation and their role in decision making and appropriate partnership with

the private sector are recognized as core elements towards achieving these objectives in a sustainable

manner. The policy also aims to adopt measures to safeguard the environment and emphasizes

achieving a balance with other competing uses of water through adoption of demand and discharge

management measure.

Labour and Employment Policy, 2062 BS

The long-term goal of the Labour and Employment Policy 2062 is to provide productive, non-

discriminatory, exploitation-free, decent, safe and healthy work opportunities for citizens of the

working ages by building an environment of friendly investments, in addition to building and

managing a labour market that contributes to the national economy so that it can compete at the

global level.

Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan (NEPAP) 2049 BS

Under the auspices of the National Planning Commission, the Nepal Environmental Policy and

Action Plan (NEPAP) have been prepared. The NEPAP is part of government's continuing efforts to

incorporate environmental concerns into the country's development process. It reviews current

government policy on the environment; formulates new policy, where it is needed; and suggests an

action agenda to address environmental problems. The NEPAP has also been prepared in response to

the growing global awareness about the importance of maintaining a balance between economic

development and environmental conservation, which culminated in the United Nations Conference

on Environment and Development in 1992. The NEPAP document indicated infrastructure projects

have the potential for imposing significant environmental costs if they are not properly designed and

implemented. It has also suggested that the use of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) that can

help identify adverse environmental impacts and propose remedial actions. NEPAP also emphasized

greater involvement of local people as prerequisite for improving design and implementation.



National Environment Policy, 2076 BS

This policy has proposed to punish with a fine up to NRs. 5 -10-50 Lakh for the implementation of

any proposal without approval of the 'brief environmental study', Initial Environmental Examination

(IEE) and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) reports or any act contrary to these approved

reports. The concerned agency shall issue directives to comply with the approved reports and the

agency shall punish 3 times of the above provisions for any act contrary to the directive issued. This

punishment is 50 times more than the existing provision of the Environment Protection Act (EPA),

1996

5.3 Acts

Environment Protection Act 2076 BS

In section 2 of the EPA, 2076 has calls for carrying out IEE or EIA for the prescribed proposals. In

sub section 13 of section 2 said Act prohibits the proponents not to execute the projects without

approving IEE/EIA reports. In section 3 said about the pollution control, section 4 said about the

climate change managemet.in section 6 about the penalty and compensations.

Consumer Protection Act 2075 BS

Consumer protection act 2075 is the legal provisions relating to consumer protection in order to

protect and promote constitutional rights of the consumers to obtain quality goods and services, to

provide judicial remedy for the enforcement of the rights obtained by the consumers, and provide

compensation for harm and injury likely to be caused to the consumers.

Town Development Act 2045 BS

The act empowers town development committee to regulate, control or to prohibit any act or activity

that has an adverse impact on public health or the aesthetic of the town, or in any condition pollutes

the environment. Permission of the Municipality will be taken for the construction works for the

complex.

Building Act 2055 BS

The Building Act was enacted to make necessary provisions for the regulation of building

construction works in order to protect building against earthquake, fire and other natural calamities,

to the extent possible. Section-3 of the act lays the ground for Formation of Building Construction

Management Upgrading (Consolidation) Committee under the chairmanship of Secretary of

MOPPWTM. The committee consists of nine members. Section-4 enlists the power, duties and

responsibilities of the committee and they include: To regulate building construction works in order

to minimize the possible loss to buildings from earthquake, fire and other natural calamities; To

inquire into whether approval of designs has been made in consonance with the standards set forth in

the building code; To make recommendation to the Nepal Quality Assurance Council to determine

the quality of native or foreign materials related with building construction. Section 8 classifies the

building and a building with plinth area of more than one thousand square feet, with more than three

floors including the ground floor or with structural span of more than 4.5 meters is classified to be

the building of Category "B". Section 10 of the act makes it obligatory to construct the building by

following the Building Code. Section 11 has the provisions relating to Design and Approval of

design/map of building while Section 12 Prohibits on approving Design/Map contrary to standards.

Section 13 of the act has the provision about the supervision of the building construction whereas

section 14 has the provision of punishment against the perpetrators and the punishment include the

stoppage of construction works and even the demolition of part or whole of the building.

The chapter 3 on prevention and control of pollutions of the EPR spells about prohibition to emit

waste in contravention of the prescribed standards (Rule 15) prescribed by the Ministry by a

notification publication in the Gazette. These provisions will followed by the proponent.



Local Government Operation Act, 2074 BS

This Act states the role of local bodies (Municipalities and Gaupalikas) in Nepal. The jurisdiction,

roles and responsibilities of personnel appointed in local bodies are clearly mentioned in this Act.

Local government has the following authorities as described in Chapter 3 under the heading “Local Business Management, Environment Conservation and Biological Diversification (12-19)”: To prepare policy, law, standards and planning for the conservation of environment and

biodiversity and its implementation, monitoring and compliance.

To mitigate the environmental impact at the local level.

To control, monitor and compliance of environment polluting and hazardous substances at the

local level.

To maintain cleanliness and solid waste management at the local level.

To consider low carbon emitting and environment friendly development.

To conserve and promote greenery area at the local level.

To delineate and manage environment conservation area at the local level.

Other work related to environment conservation and biological diversification

Labour Act, 2074 BS

This act is enforced in order to provide welfare ,rights and security to labor. This act also clarify the

rights and responsibility of labor. Without contract no one can make labor to work. If any contract to

labor is less than it is indicated in Labor act 2074 BS then it is against the act and contract will be

canceled. For construction worker according to labor act 2074 following provisions should be

followed: The required instrument machine and materials should be provided in adequate amount.

Construction of labor camp near the project site and provide all facility required Security within

construction site and labor site.

Solid Waste Management Act 2068 BS

The SWMA clearly envisaged about management of solid waste and provision of licensing for

management. In such case, the article (7) on discharge of solid waste entails about the person,

organization that produces hazardous waste or chemical waste shall have to manage such waste as

prescribed (sub article 2). It is restricted that nobody shall do or cause to do the work relating to the

solid waste management without obtaining license from the Local Body as prescribed by article 13

of chapter, miscellaneous sub article 1.

Child labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 2056 BS

The Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2056 is enacted and enforced adopting ILO

Convention concerning Elimination of Worst Forms of Child Labor and Minimum Age Convention.

This Act has defined the ‘Child’ as a person who has not achieved the age of 16 years. Article 3 bans the employing a child below the age of 14 to work as a laborer and engaging a child in the hazardous

and risky works listed in the Schedule of the Act. The proponent is mandatory to follow the Child

Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2056 (2000) during the project implementation phase. The

contractor may use child labor during construction period. Hence, the contractor was instructed to

follow the Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2056 (2000).

Companies Act, 2063 BS and amendments, 2073 BS

An Act made to amend and consolidate the law relating to companies; Preamble: Whereas, it is

expedient to amend and consolidate the law relating to companies in order to bring about dynamism

in the economic development of the country by promoting investment in the industry, trade and

business sectors through economic liberalization and make the incorporation, operation and

administration of companies much easier, simpler and more transparent; Incorporation of Company:

(1) Any person desirous of undertaking any enterprise with profit motive may, either singly or jointly

with others, incorporate a company for the attainment of one or more objectives set forth in the



memorandum of association. (2) There will be a minimum of seven promoters for the incorporation

of a public company. Provided, however, that seven promoters shall not be required for the

incorporation of another public company by any public company. (3) Notwithstanding anything

contained elsewhere in this Section, a company not distributing profits may, subject to the provisions

contained in Chapter-19, be incorporated for the attainment of one or more objectives.

5.4 Rules /Regulations

Environmental Protection Rules 2077 BS

Schedule 1 under Rule 3 of the EPR listed out the criteria of the development proposal that fits in to

conduct Pre IEE report prior to the implementation. Further forest sector of the schedule 2 also

mandate to conduct IEE study and approval as per the rule provisions for the removal of plants and

vegetation from forestland less than 5 ha. Schedule 3 of EPR has presented the criteria of project for

which EIA is required to have the construction license. As the report was submitted before the start

of EPR 2077; format for the EIA and IEE report is presented in Rule 5 and 6 of the EPR. 2054.

Environmental Protection Rules 2054 BS

Schedule 1 under Rule 3 of the EPR listed out the criteria of the development proposal that fits in to

conduct IEE report prior to the implementation. Further forest sector of the schedule 1 also mandate

to conduct IEE study and approval as per the rule provisions for the removal of plants and vegetation

from forestland less than 5 ha. Schedule 2 of EPR has presented the criteria of project for which EIA

is required to have the construction license. The format for the EIA and IEE report is presented in

Rule 5 and 6 of the EPR.

Solid Waste Management Regulation 2070 BS

Government of Nepal, Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration (MoFAGA) has

enacted Solid Waste Management Regulation 2070 as per the power conferred by the section 50 of

Solid Waste Management Act 2068. Rule three of the regulation has the provision about the

segregation and management of solid wastes. The rule legal obliges to segregate the hazardous and

chemical wastes while segregating the degradable and non-degradable waste at source. Sub-rule 2 of

Rule three requires the waste producing body to manage the chemical and hazardous waste by the

producers themselves. Rule 5 requires that the hazardous, chemical, degradable and non-degradable

waste should not be mixed together, that collection, deposition and handling of such wastes should

be carefully done. Rule 4 of the act mentions about the role of local government in disposal of solid

waste. Rule 24 has the provision that local authority can direct the waste producers to adopt the

measures and techniques for reduction the waste at source, to adopt the certain method for

minimizing the waste, to pay the fee in due time and sub-rule 3 of rule 24 obliges the waste

producers to follow such direction. Rule 25 of the regulation has the provision for monitoring of such

matters.

5.5 GUIDELINES

National EIA Guidelines 2050 BS

To address environmental impact assessment as envisaged by NCS, 1987, National Environmental

Impact Assessment (EIA) Guidelines were endorsed by Government of Nepal on 27 September 1992

and gazetted on 19 July in 1993, Volume 43, Number 5. The guideline provides criteria for project

screening and initial environmental examination (IEE). This also includes scoping, preparation of

terms of reference for EIA, methods of EIA report, impact identification and prediction, impact

mitigation measures, review of the draft EIA report, impact monitoring, evaluation of impact studies,

impact auditing, community participation and schedules and annexes to IEE and EIA.

5.6 STANDARDS

National Building Code 2060 B.S

The national building code of Nepal was endorsed in Government building after cabinet decision in

2060/4/12. The code was endorsed in all municipalities, districts head quarter RMs and urbanising

RMs in the country. The code deals primarily with the matters relating to the strength of the building



sites considerations safety during construction and fire hazards, construction materials, electrical

designs etc.

Air Emission Limits for Imported Generator into Ambient Air, 2069 BS

These standards prescribed for diesel fuelled vehicles primarily based on parameters such as carbon

monoxide, hydrocarbon, and oxides of nitrogen and particulate matters. It adopts EURO III Standard

to be followed for New Diesels Generator and Euro II for Existing Generator. The generators used

during project construction will follow these standards.

National Ambient Air Quality Standard, 2069 BS

The National Ambient Air Quality Standards, 2012 enforced by GoN has set quality standards for

seven parameters: TSP, PM10, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, lead and benzene

for the maintenance of the ambient air quality. The project during its construction and operation will

have to comply with the set standards for the ambient air quality.

National Diesel Generators Emissions Standard, 2069 BS

The then MoFE introduced in October 2012 the National Diesel Generator Emission Standard

(NDGES) for new and in-use diesel generators with a capacity of 8 kW-560 kW. In doing so they

followed the Indian standards for construction equipment rather than for diesel generators. Hence the

Nepal emission standards for new and in-use diesel generators are less stringent than in India. The

emissions standards set for new diesel generator imports is equivalent to Bharat Stage III standards

and, for in-use diesel generators, is equivalent to Bharat Stage II.

National Drinking Water Quality Standard, 2063 BS

Nepal's Drinking Water Quality Standards came into force in Nepal after its publication in Ministry

of Physical Planning and Works, Nepal Gazette (B.S. 2063/03/12). The standards provide the

maximum concentration limits of fifteen physical parameters, ten chemical parameters and two

micro germs for drinking purpose.

National Noise Standard, 2069 BS

The National Noise Standard 2012 that came into effect as per the rule 15 of Nepal Government

Environmental Protection Regulation 1997 that requires effective monitoring and collection of Day-

time and Night-time noise level permitted limits as in the following table.

Table 0.1 National Noise Level Standards for Nepal (table no.)

Area Permitted Noise Level (leg dBA)

Day time Night time

Industrial Area 75 70

Commercial Area 65 55

Rural Residential Area 45 40

Urban Residential Area 55 50

Mix Residential Area 63 55

Protected Area 50 40

Table 0.2 Maximum Noise Level Permission by Residential Equipment

Equipment Max. Noise Level

Water pump 65

Diesel Generator 90

Entertainment Equipment 70

Nepal Vehicle Mass Emission Standard, 2069 BS

Compliance to Type I to Type V tests for vehicles fuelled with gasoline and diesel while importing

vehicles for a project.

Occupational Health and Safety Management System- OHSAS 18001:2007

OHSAS 1800:2007 Occupational Health and Safety Management Certification is an international

standard which provides a framework to identify, control and decrease the risks associated with

health and safety within the workplace. Implementing the standard will send a clear signal to your

stakeholders that you view employee’s health and safety as a priority within your organization.



Tolerance Limits for Generic Industrial Effluent Standards Discharged into Public Sewers and

Inland Surface Water, 2060 BS

It has set tolerance limits for the industrial effluents to be discharged into the inland surface water.

Since the project is considered as an industry, it will have to comply with the tolerance limits the

standard prior to the discharge of the effluents into the inland surface water during the construction

and operation period.

5.7 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND TREATIES

Convention on Biological Diversity 1992 AD

The objectives of this Convention, to be pursued in accordance with its relevant provisions, are the

conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable

sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, including by appropriate

access to genetic resources and by appropriate transfer of relevant technologies, taking into account

all rights over those resources and to technologies, and by appropriate funding. Under the Article 14

of the convention, each contracting party should introduce appropriate procedures requiring

environmental impact assessment of its proposed projects that are likely to have significant adverse

effects on biological diversity with a view to avoiding or minimizing such effects and, where

appropriate, allow for public participation in such procedures.



CHAPTER VI: IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT ON THE

ENVIRONMENT

The identification and prediction of impacts has been made by the study team giving due

consideration to the proposed actions/activities during operation stages. Both beneficial and adverse

impacts have been analysed. The environmental impacts are evaluated on the basis of guidelines

given in the National EIA guidelines (1993), based on the magnitude, extent and duration of the

impact. Experts’ judgements and experiences from the similar projects have been adopted for the

qualification of the impacts. If an impact lasts up to 3 years it is termed as short term (ST). If an

impact continues for 3 to 20 years, it is termed as medium term (MT) and if it lasts beyond 20 years

as considered as long term (LT). The impact which will occurs inside the project is termed as site

specific (SS) and which goes up to ward level is termed as local (L) and which goes up to more than

two VDCs is termed as regional (R). Similarly the impact which is irreversible is termed as high (H),

which is in partly recoverable in long run is termed as moderate (M) and which is reversible is

termed as low (L). The impact which has direct effect is termed as direct (D) and which has indirect

effect is termed as indirect (I).

For the impact evaluation the matrix method with numerical ranking is used for the quantitative

ranking of the predicted impacts. The numerical scale mentioned in the National EIA Guidelines

(1993) has been adopted for this study. The numerical scale is presented in table below.

Table 18: Impact Evaluation Matrix

Magnitude Extent Duration

High (H) 60 Regional (R) 60 Long term (LT) 20

Moderate (M) 20 Local (L) 20 Medium term (MT) 10

Low (L) 10 Site Specific (SS) 10 Short Term (ST) 5

The combined score up to 44 is termed as insignificant impact (IS); 45-74 termed as significant

impact (MS) and beyond 75-99 is termed as very significant impact (VS) and 100 and more is

termed as highly significant.

6.1 Beneficial Impact

6.1.1 Construction Phase

Employment opportunity to locals

During the construction period the project requires 180 human resource that include skilled (30),

semi-skilled (30) as well as unskilled (120) human resource . Likewise, the project has a policy to

provide maximum local employment opportunities depending upon their skills and trainings specific

to construction works. The priority beneficiaries will be the interested locals of nearby settlement

from the project vicinity area. Hence, the project intends to generate the work for different skilled

and unskilled manpower during construction phase, which seems to attract the locals for the

employment and thus the employment opportunity will be high. The envisaged impact is high, local

and medium term.

Skill and knowledge development to locals

The project development involves different types of competent manpower like architect, engineers,

sub-engineers, painters, carpenters, sanitary fixers, welders, electrician etc. It can be a better

opportunity for them to develop skills and to learn new technologies and hence it seeks special



opportunity to enhance their skill and acquire more experiences. These human resources get chances

to enhance their capability in their respective field of expertise. Use of latest amenities in proposed

project also aware the workers about technological advancement in their sector. This will be positive

nodes to the employees for their future works. The envisaged impact is high, local and long term.

6.1.2 Operation Phase

Increase in cash flow in the project area

There will be increase in number of families (25 families in Phase II) after the operation of the

proposed project. The dwellers will go to market for shopping and other economic activities. The

envisaged impact is high, local and long term.

Boost in local economy

The Project operation will increase the daily activities of the local people. The demand of local

goods, markets, food and other basic requirement certainly increases at the project site. The large

number of population especially staff and their family will significantly increases the economic

transaction in and around the vicinity, which will attract people to migrate around the area. This will

lead to urbanization of the area and will improve the socio – economic status of the local people. The

envisaged impact is high, local and long term.


For the operation of the project, Numbers of staff are required to regulate building. This will provide

the opportunities to some human resources (about 10-20). The project generates opportunity for

plumbers, welders, electrical technicians, management staffs, security guards, cleaners etc. in a long

run. Furthermore, the time to time maintenance of the ancillaries’ parts in the building creates short term jobs for the technicians. The envisaged impact is high, local and long term.

Cultural exchange

The operation of the project will increase the flow of people in the project area. Because of the

people belong to different origin and culture, there is possibility to exchange the cultures among

themselves during different times of year. The envisaged impact is low, local and long term.

Increase in land and property value in project areas

The value of land and property depends upon the level of urbanization, infrastructure and the facility

accessibility. After the project operation the land value in the project area is predicted to go up

rapidly with the increase in economic activities in the area. This will benefit the local people and

help to improve their socio economic status. The envisaged impact is medium, local and long term.

6.2 Adverse Impact

6.2.1 Physical Environment

6.2.1.1 Construction Stage

Change in land use

The construction of the project will bring change in the existing land use of the area. The land use

change impacts are permanent as well as temporary. The permanent land use conversion will be due

to the construction of building, park and health club. Likewise, the storage of construction materials

and muck from excavation process may change the land temporarily but will be reversed to previous

state. The envisaged impacts are low, site specific and long term.



Air, water and soil Pollution

During the construction phase, there will be increase in air, water and soil pollution. Use of

transportation vehicles during the construction period will have certain increase in the air pollution.

Likewise, excavation works, wastes generated by the construction workforce will increase the water

and soil pollution. Besides, the temporary toilets of construction workers have potential to pollute

nearby shallow aquifers with faecal contamination. The envisaged impact is characterized as

moderate, local and short term.

Noise pollution

Machineries used during construction activities, vehicles carrying construction materials and

operation of power supply and drilling equipment causes noise pollution in the project area.

Increased noise levels in the project areas have potential to cause discomfort due to interference in

oral communication and disturbance in sleep. The construction activities include:

Operation of DG sets, concreting and mixing

Excavation for foundations with driller (if used);

Conversation of construction workers.

Batching plant and vehicle movement.

The envisaged impact is characterized as moderate, site specific and short term.

Spoil disposal related impact

Heavy equipment are available and the contractors will make use of heavy equipment for

dismantling the batching plant and site office. As all equipment belong to the contractor, they will

take the same hence no spoil will remain.

The spoil generated during the construction period will raise the impacts of waste management

problems which will temporarily burden the project environment. The spoil and muck disposed

during these activities will be managed within the project premises. The envisaged impact is

characterized as low, site specific and short term.

Stock piling of construction materials

The stockpiling of construction materials during the construction stage may lead air and water

pollution. The materials will be kept within the project premises with in a small hut. However, the

sand, stones etc. used for the construction stage will be kept in open space. The envisaged impact is

characterized as low, site specific and short term.

Water quantity/quality related impacts

Water requirements will be fulfilled through ground water, during the construction stage. The total

water requirement during the construction phase will be supplied by ground water extraction.

Besides, temporary toilet practiced by the construction workers if unmanaged could have potential of

ground water and surface water pollution. The envisaged impact is characterized as low, site specific

and short term.

Top soil management impacts

As the project construction site is a gentle land, there is no significant impact regarding the top soil

management. But the changes in relief and slope of the land during large scale construction have

potential to top soil degradation during rainy season. The storage and management of top soil is not a

great problem but during the rainy season, heavy rain may erode and take away the top soil. The

envisaged impact is characterized as low, site specific and short term.



Drainage management impacts

The construction site is a flat land. Due to change in land use through the construction of new

facilities for building faces difficulty in drainage management. Drain system is in place and the same

leads to Royal Rivulet running through SNPL land. The envisaged impact is characterized as low,

site specific and long term.

Traffic obstruction impacts

Road and traffic problems increase as there is increase in the flow of vehicles. During the

construction phase there will be more numbers of vehicles crossing the road than the current

situation. As the proposed project is located on side of the Tribhuvan Highway of Nepal, this may

lead road and traffic obstruction. The envisaged impact is characterized as low, site specific and

short term.

Impacts related to health and safety

During construction, temporary settlements and toilet facilities are needed for the construction

workers. Solid and liquid wastes resulted from these settlements have the potential to disrupt onsite

sanitation. Similarly, frequent visit of construction workers near water resources for washing clothes,

bathing and other activities will create pressure in local water and even challenge the health and

safety status. Besides, health and safety impacts of construction workers are also important

parameters of concern during construction activities. The envisaged impact is characterized as low,

site specific and short term.

Waste management impacts

The solid waste is also generated by the construction works. The Solid waste per day is 15 kgs and

liquid waste is 30 litres, while there will be 6 numbers of toilets are built for them. Two camps will

be outside the project site (On hired premises).

The building will properly manage the liquid, solid and gaseous wastes. For the management of solid

waste source segregation will be practiced, the segregated waste will be managed by 3 R principles.

The organic waste will be managed properly and composting will be done, the compost will be used

in garden and distributed in the community. The final waste which can't be treated within the

premises will be handed over the Jitpur Simara sub-Metropolitan city for the ultimate management of

wastes.

6.2.1.2 Operation Stage

Impacts of solid, semi-solid and liquid wastes

Various types of wastes are generated during the operation of the project. Degradable wastes are

generated in higher percentage which includes food waste, black water and grey water. These

degradable wastes could also be solid, semi-solid and liquid wastes. Due to the ill management of

these wastes and local dumping, bad smell to local people, shallow aquifer pollution and diseases can

be caused. Therefore, the disposal of solid, semi-solid and liquid wastes is of major concern. The

envisaged impact is characterized as moderate, site specific and long term.

Indoor Air pollution

The poor air quality within and around the building affect the health, comfort and well beings of the

building occupants. Indoor Air Quality can be affected by gases (including carbon monoxide, second

hand smoke, volatile organic compounds), particulates, microbial contaminants (mold, bacteria), or

any mass or energy stressor that can induce adverse health conditions. The envisaged impacts is

direct in nature with high magnitude, site specific and long term.



Water quality and quantity related impacts

There will be the flow of dwellers and guest after the operation of the building which will require

large amount of water. And this requirement will be fulfilled by the extraction of ground water. But

the extraction of water in high rate would certainly affect the ground water level. Besides, the

effluent released will also be high which is comparatively difficult to manage. If the management of

such black and grey water from the processes is not properly addressed, it will have potential to

affect the ground water quality. The magnitude of the impact will be low, the extent will be site

specific and the duration will be long term.

Higher energy requirements impacts

The project will be connected to electricity grid for fulfil energy requirements. But generators will be

used during the load shedding hours to supply power for various processes. The use of energy

sources by dwellers. The envisaged impact is low, site specific and long term in nature.

Fire hazard

There is a possibility of fire hazard in the project area. This may be due to electricity short-circuit or

due to the negligence. The envisaged impact is medium, site specific and short term.

Air, water, noise, soil pollution

Air pollution during the operation phase is mainly due to transportation vehicles and generators.

Similarly, water pollution and soil pollution may be due to ineffective management of solid and

semi-solid and liquid wastes. The envisaged impact is high, local and long term.

Traffic congestion, obstruction

The dwellers will have their own private transportation. Though not significant, it will increase

traffic volume in the area. The traffic obstruction at Jeetpur-Simara road junction will have some

obstruction which will be managed.

Drainage management

The drainage from the toilet and kitchen waste water will have significant impact. As those wastes

are directly discharged to the municipal waste water system, the envisaged impact is low, site

specific and short term. Emergency assembly point and procedure available. They are given basic

training. The facility is equipped with fire detection and alarm system. Public address system is

available. Emergency evacuation procedure is available.

Disaster management related impacts

The probability of occurring natural and artificial disaster couldn’t be ignored. Disasters like earthquake, fire, etc. are important aspects considered in the project. There are possibilities of fire

hazard in the project. This may be due to electricity short-circuit or due to the negligence of the

guests. These hazards preventing and controlling measures if not applied by the project, it may cause

various social and environmental problems. The envisaged impact is low, site specific and long term.

Shading effect

The project on implementation obstructs sunlight to the peripheral agricultural land and the effect is

permanent in nature. Construction of the apartment could alter the climatic requirements of the crops

to be harvested like sunlight, wind, rainfall etc. This effect in long run can change the microclimate

of the area and therefore alters the productivity even though in lesser extent. The envisaged impact is

medium, site specific and long term.

6.2.2 Biological Environment

6.2.2.1 Construction Phase & Operational Phase



As the project area is a grass land, the beauty of that area decreases due to construction activities.

The envisaged impact is low, site specific and short term.

6.2.3 Socio-economic and cultural environment

6.2.3.1 Construction Phase

Conflict and dispute

There can be the impacts of conflict, disputes and demands during the pre-construction phase. The

locals may put forward their demands of local development and community management. The

envisaged impact is low, site specific and short term.

Ethnic conflict of local with workers

The human resources for the construction of the proposed project may be from the different place

following different ethnicity which can cause ethnic conflicts among construction workers and

locals. People or groups of other ethnicity may intrude their own values and practices against the

local norms and values. This has the potential to create ethnic conflicts among the groups. The

envisaged impact is low, site specific and long term.

Haphazard market growth

Along with the project construction, there is a possibility of haphazard market growth around the

project area. The pressure is felt mainly in the areas close to the project construction sites. The

envisaged impact is low, site specific and long term.

Health and sanitation in and around project sites

During the construction phase, the project area will have numerous workers. Improper management

of drinking water facilities and sanitation of the workers may create disputes among the locals and

the project workers. The envisaged impact is moderate, site specific and short term.

Pressure on utilities, infrastructures

With the influx of large numbers of labours and other workforce during construction stage, there will

be pressure in local resources especially local water supply tube wells, and other infrastructures like

shops, hotels, hospitals etc. The envisaged impact is low, site specific and short term.

Occupational health and safety of workers

During the construction of the proposed project, there will be increase in air and water pollution. The

labours working continuously in the dusty place can have the acute respiratory problems. Likewise,

the negligence of workers during the construction period gives rise to occupational health hazards.

During the construction period helmets, gloves, standard ropes wires etc. are must be used.

Recklessness in the project construction activities may also result the damage of health and even the

life of the worker. Operation of various machineries and some risky activities might also have

potential of accidents. The envisaged impact is moderate, site specific and short term.

Trespassing, nuisance to nearby and surrounding community of construction site

Breaking moral and social laws especially by lower workers, intruding in others private lifestyle and

irritating other by their personal activities are also common impacts nearby construction sites.

Therefore, the impact envisaged is moderate, site-specific and short term in nature.

6.2.3.2 Operational Phase

Occupational safety and health hazards

The operation of the project requires several human resources. While working in the Building, there

will be the chance of fire and other occupational diseases. Hence, this will raise the impacts related

to the occupational health and safety. The envisaged impact is low, site specific and long term.



Pressure on existing infrastructure

The increase in number of people in the project area will increase the pressure on the existing

resources and the infrastructures of the project area. The envisaged impact is medium, site specific

and medium term.

Health and sanitation related impacts in and around the Residence Apartment

Though the apartment treats the waste water and the solid waste generated, but due to generation of

the higher amount of the waste can cause the water clogging in the drainage system. This will cause

the growth of flies and diseases. This will affect the health of the people residing near the apartment

complex. The envisaged impact is medium, site specific and short term.


Along with the project operation, there is a possibility of haphazard market growth around the

project area focusing the guests of the project. The pressure is felt mainly in the areas close to the

project sites. The envisaged impact is medium, site specific and long term.

Impacts related to safety and security

Impacts of the safety and security will also be raised due to the dense population of the area. There

will be chance of increasing crime, theft and robbery. Likewise, there is chance of having injuries to

the guests in the apartment. The envisaged impact is medium, site specific and medium term.

In flow of different people with multi ethnicity, culture, religion

Influx of people from varied ethnicity and geographical religion visiting the project will have effect

on the local culture, law and order of the community. These pressures are felt in areas close to the

project site. The envisaged impact is moderate, site specific and long term.

Changes in pattern of economic activities

The pattern of the economic activities of the people residing near the Residence Apartment can also

be changed. There will be chance of increasing the restaurant; shopping centres etc. and the people

can change their occupation according to the need. The envisaged impact is medium, site specific

and medium term.

Grievances management

Along with the project operation the locals of the area may have complain on different activities of

the project. This may include the complaints on pollution, social activities, conflicts among the locals

etc. The envisaged impact is low, site specific and long term.

The above impacts are of two types i.e. identified and predicted. These impacts have been evaluated

to know their environmental significance taking into consideration the location of the project, direct

or indirect nature, reversibility and irreversibility of the impacts, and more importantly the national

policy, law and guidelines. Furthermore, they have been grouped into identified and predicted

impacts for easy understandings. In general direct impacts are identified, and indirect impacts

predicted. The significance of the impacts has been evaluated using the symbols Very significant (+

+), significant (+), and insignificant (-).

Impacts having total score of over 70 are considered very significant; impacts having 40- 70 score

are considered significant, and impacts having total score less than 40 are considered insignificant

for Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt.



Table 19: Evaluation of the beneficial impact of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya

Nepal Pvt.

Project

Activity Impacts

Nature of Impacts Significance of

Impact Type Magnitude Extent Duration

Beneficial Impact

Co

nst

ruct

ion

Ph

ase


D H (60) L (20) MT (10)

Very

Significant

Skill and knowledge development to

locals

D H (60) L (20) LT (20) Very

Significant

Op

erat

ion P

has

e

Increase in cash flow in the project

area D H (60) L (20) LT (20)

Highly

Significant

Boost in local economy D H(60) L(20) LT(20) Highly

significant

Employment opportunity to locals IN H (60) L(20) LT(20) Highly

Significant

Cultural exchange between locals

and dwellers IN L (10) L (20) LT (20) Significant

Increase in land and property value

in project areas D M (20) L (20) LT (20) Significant

Table 30: Evaluation and prediction of the Adverse Impacts

S.N Environmental Impacts Impacts

Dir

ect

/

Ind

irec

t

Imp

act

Exte

nt

Du

rati

on

Magn

itu

de

Significance

Physical Environment

A. Construction Phase

A.1 Adverse Impacts

A.1.

1 Change in land use Change in land use pattern D

SS

(10)

LT

(20)

L

(10)

(40)

Insignificant

A.1.

2 Air, water and soil Pollution

Increased air, water and

soil pollution D

L

(20)

ST

(5)

M

(20)

(45)

Significant

A.1.

3 Noise pollution Increased noise level D

SS

(10)

ST

(5)

M

(20)

(35)

Insignificant

A.1.

4 Spoil disposal related impacts

Increased burden of spoil

management D

SS

(10)

ST

(5)

L

(10)

(25)

Insignificant

A.1.

5

Stock piling of construction

materials

Erosion and sedimentation

and air, water and land

pollution from piled up

construction materials

D SS

(10)

ST

(5)

L

(10)

(25)

Insignificant

A.1.

6

Water quantity/quality related

impacts

Decrease of ground water

quantity and quality D

SS

(10)

ST

(5)

L

(10)

(25)

Insignificant

A.1.

7 High energy consumption

Energy shortage both

hydroelectricity and

petroleum

D SS

(10)

ST

(5)

L

(10)

(25)

Insignificant

A.1.

8 Top soil management impact Erosion of top soil I

SS

(10)

ST

(5)

L

(10)

(25)

Insignificant

A.1.

9 Drainage management impacts Water logging problem D

SS

(10)

LT

(20)

L

(10)

(40)

Insignificant

A.1.

10 Traffic obstruction impacts

Increased number of

vehicles in the road D

SS

(10)

ST

(5)

L

(10)

(25)

Insignificant



S.N Environmental Impacts Impacts

Dir

ect

/

Ind

irec

t

Imp

act

Ex

ten

t

Du

rati

on

Ma

gn

itu

de

Significance

A.1.

11

Impacts related health and

safety

Problems regarding

occupational safety and

health of workers, ill

sanitation in and around

the construction site

D SS

(10)

ST

(5)

L

(10)

(25)

Insignificant

A.1.

12 Waste management impacts

Water, air and land

pollution, disease

outbreak

I SS

(10)

LT

(20)

M

(20)

(50)

Insignificant

B. Operation Stage

B.1 Adverse Impacts

B.1.

1

Impacts of solid, semi-solid

and liquid wastes

Water, air and land

pollution D

SS

(10)

LT

(20)

M

(20)

(50)

Significant

B.1.

2 Indoor Air Pollution

Poor air quality inside the

building D

SS(1

0)

LT(

20)

H(6

0)

(90) Very

Significant

B.1.

3

Water quantity and quality

related impacts

Loss of groundwater,

degradation of water

quality

D SS

(10)

LT

(20)

L

(40)

(40)

Insignificant

B.1.

4

Higher energy requirements

impacts

Increased electricity and

petroleum demands D

SS

(10)

LT

(20)

L

(10)

(40)

Insignificant

B.1.

5 Fire Hazard Injury to employees D

SS

(10)

ST(

5)

M

(20)

(35)

Insignificant

B.1.

6 Air, water and soil pollution

Increased air, water and

soil pollution D

L

(20)

LT

(20)

M

(20)

(60)

Significant

B.1.

7

Traffic congestion and

obstruction

Increased vehicles in the

road, increase probability

of road accidents

D SS

(10)

LT

(20)

L

(10)

(40)

Insignificant

B.1.

8 Drainage Management

Shallow aquifer

deterioration D

SS

(10)

ST

(5)

L

(10)

(35)

Insignificant

B.1.

9 Disaster management impacts

Loss of structures, lives,

property, socio-economic

crisis

D SS

(10)

LT

(20)

L

(10)

(40)

Insignificant

B.1.

10 Shading effect

Change in microclimate,

loss of productivity D

SS

(10)

LT

(20)

L

(10)

(40)

Insignificant

Biological Environment

A Construction Phase

A.1 Adverse Impacts

A.1.

1 Loss of grass land Decrease in local beauty I

SS

(10)

ST

(5)

L

(10)

(25)

Insignificant

Socio-economic and cultural Environment


A.1 Adverse Impacts

A.1.

1 Conflicts and disputes

Difficulties in project

operation I

SS

(10)

ST

(5)

L

(10)

(25)

Insignificant

A.1.

2

Ethnic conflicts with local

workers

Difficulties in project

operation I

SS

(10)

LT

(20)

L

(10)

(40)

Insignificant

A.1.

3 Haphazard market growth

Pressure on environment

and utilities I

S

(10)

LT

(20)

L

(10)

(40)

Insignificant

A.1.

4

Health and sanitation in and

around project site Increase in the diseases D

SS

(10)

ST

(5)

M

(20)

(35)

Insignificant



A.1.

5

Pressure on utilities,

infrastructures Scarcity of resources D

SS

(10)

ST

(5)

L

(10)

(25)

Insignificant

A.1.

6

Occupational health and safety

of workers

Increase of diseases and

accidents D

SS

(10)

ST

(5)

M

(20)

(35)

Insignificant

A.1.

7

Trespassing, nuisance to

nearby and surrounding

community of construction site

including

Change in the local

environment I

SS

(10)

ST

(5)

M

(20)

(35)

Insignificant

A.1.

8 Grievances management

Disputes among locals

and project D

SS

(10)

LT

(20)

M

(20)

(35)

Insignificant

B Operation Phase

B.1 Adverse Impacts

B.1.

1

Occupational safety and health

hazards

Increased in diseases and

safety I

SS

(10)

LT

(20)

L

(10)

(40)

Insignificant

B.1.

2 Undesirable migration Pressure on resources I

SS

(10)

LT

(20)

M

(20)

(50)

Significant

B.1.

3

Change in social behavior,

increase in ill social activities

Difficulties to maintain

law and order I

SS

(10)

LT

(20)

M

(20)

(50)

Significant

B.1.

4

Health and sanitation impacts

in and around the proposed

apartment

Spreading of diseases due

to solid waste

management problems

D SS

(10)

ST

(5)

M

(20)

(35)

Insignificant

B.1.

5 Haphazard market growth D

SS

(10)

LT

(20)

M

(20)

(50)

Significant

B.1.

6

Impacts related to safety and

security Injury to guests, locals D

SS

(10)

MT

(10)

M

(20)

(40)

Insignificant

B.1.

7

Inflow of different people with

multi-ethnicity, culture,

religion

Loss of tribal cultures and

styles D

SS

(10)

LT

(20)

M

(20)

(50)

Significant

B.1.

8

Change in pattern of economic

activities

More dependent on

other’s goods and services I

SS

(10)

MT

(10)

M

(20)

(40)

Insignificant

B.1.

9 Grievances management

Complains on project

activities D

SS

(10)

LT

(20)

L

(10)

(40)

Insignificant



CHAPTER VII: Alternative Analysis for the implementation of the proposal

The assessment of the alternative analysis of the proposal is evaluated based on the considerations of

the following impacts:

No action option

Project alternatives

Project location

Alternative design and construction approach

Alternative schedule and process

Alternative resources

7.1 No Action Option

Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. situated at Simara was set up in 1986 and makes cigarettes of various brand to

cater to domestic market. Since its inception, in a span of 28 years, the factory has multiplied many

folds in terms of volume, infrastructure and human resources. The infrastructure also includes

modern housing facility “Surya Niwas” for non-management cadre housing 149 families. The

managerial strength has also grown over a period and the number of young managers is in the

increase as the unit has already completed 28 years. Managers residing in the vicinity with their

family have always felt a need for housing facility in the absence of good living condition around

Simara. Managers coming from outside especially with family prefer to live in a known society for

security reasons. To provide basic housing facility to the new incumbents of managerial staff and to

their family the residential apartment has been envisaged. This will definitely help to retain the

young talents in Simara.

7.2 Project Alternatives

The project is targeted to facilitate managers and their family in a properly managed facilities and

security which is difficult to provide through small scale hotels and lodges. Also, large number of

small scale structures and facilities requires large resources than a single one. Therefore, alternative

of this project is not explored.

7.3 Project Location

The location of the project is found suitable for operating the proposal of the kind. The project is

easily accessible by inland and on air transport. The project is near Tribhuvan highway and near the

Simara airport. Environmentally, the project is located in the sound environment with peaceful area

with no any clustered on the vicinity of the project.

7.4 Alternative Design and Construction Approach

The proposed project has to be constructed in designated areas, so there is not much room for

spacious planning. Hence the design is prepared analysing constrains of the available land resources.

However the site drainage has been maintained. The site will not be affected by the flood.

The construction approach selected is labour based approach with minimum utilization of the

machine power. The approach is considered beneficial as it provides maximum job opportunity to

the local residing in the project area.

7.5 Alternative Schedule and Process

The construction activities will be both during day and night as per requirement without disturbing

the surrounding communities. Low polluting and low noise making machineries will be prioritized

for the project. The construction materials will be sourced from the Nepalese market through mutual

understanding of the project staffs and the local businessman. Considering the environmental factors,

no quarry activities will be performed for the extraction of construction materials.



CHAPTER VIII: MATTERS CONCERNING THE PREVENTION OF THE IMPACT OF

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROPOSAL ON THE ENVIRONMENT

Chapter VII has identified the impacts of the proposed Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya

Nepal Pvt. Ltd project and evaluates the impacts in without mitigation scenario. This section of the

report has prescribed the practical and cost effective mitigation measures to minimize and

compensate the effects of adverse impacts to acceptable level. The project proponent ensures to

implement these measures during the construction and operation of the project. To avoid descriptive

repetition the measures have been presented in tabular form against the envisaged impacts along with

the required cost estimations.

8.1 Physical Environment


Change in land use

The construction of the building in the grass land will definitely change the current land use pattern.

It will have the permanent effect of land use change. However, the plantation in the project site will

also add the beauty in the project outside. For the loss of grassland, there will be greenery

maintenance within the project site.

Solid waste Management

The generated solid waste around the project site can be managed by the following ways:

Generated wastes will be segregated

Solid wastes will be reused

Scraps to be sold

Biodegradable will be disposed with municipal waste

Air, water and soil pollution

During the construction of the apartment, there will be the problems of dust and air pollution.

Regular sprinkling of water in the construction sites can minimize the dust problems. Likewise, the

water and soil pollution will be minimized by the waste management system.

Noise pollution

The construction works creates noises which cannot be mitigated. But the construction work that

generates the noise will be prohibited in the night time zone.

Spoil disposal related impacts

The residues of the construction materials will raise the spoil management impacts. The spoil

generated will be piled at the certain place and later they will be compacted so that they cannot be

scattered at places. Wastes generated from the construction activities like plastic, metallic and plastic

drums, bottles, and other degradable if managed improperly causes waste management problems.

These wastes may be dumped around the vicinity of the road, settlement area and agriculture land.

Therefore, the envisaged impact is characterized as moderate, site specific and long term. The waste

generated will be as followed: Waste per day = 15 kgs per apartment phase 1; Waste per day = 12

kgs per apartment phase 2; Per flat 0.5 kg per flat per day

Stock piling of construction materials

The pile of the construction materials that are placed at barren land which is in East side of the

factory, place will be covered by the plastics and tripal so that the materials would not be dispersed

by wind and would not have the problems of erosion and sedimentation.

Water quantity/quality related impacts

The ground water extraction will be done as less as possible so that it would not deplete the ground

water levels. Likewise, the greenery will be maintained and protected so that the surface water will

percolated to the ground water through them. Besides, the water recharge zone will be conserved.



Water is being used from the rivulet running nearby. Entrapping 200 KL of rain water by the

company. Nearly 50% being used and 50% allowed for percolation for ground water recharge. 30

KL is being recycled and reused in building for toilet flushing and gardening. Used water is recycled

in STP and is used in gardening. All water is recycled and reused in the premises. SNPL has 57 acres

of land and only 50% land is used. Natural percolation of water happens. We have piezoelectric

(Well sounder) instruments for monitoring the ground water. Further, we do ground water check

every five year through external expert and is derived that water discharge is less than water recharge

hence aquifer is regenerating.

Top soil management impacts

2000 cub meter soil will be excavated. All excavated soil being used as land fill up with compound

of the apartment. As 6 lane roads (Tribhuvan Highway) are being built up at higher level than ours

land, we hence use to fill up the apartment area land to do away with rain water accumulation.

Traffic obstruction impacts

During the construction phase, there will be increase in the vehicles which transports the

construction materials to the project site which will create the traffic obstruction impacts. This will

be minimized by the use of experience drivers and traffic rules and signs. There will be parking

space for the managers living in the apartments and also for the visitors. Likewise, the safety signs

will be installed around the construction site.

Impacts related to health and safety

Considering the health and safety of the workers, personal protection equipments such as helmets,

masks, gloves etc will be distributed to every worker.

8.1.2 Operation stage

Impacts of solid, semi-solid and liquid wastes

For the management of the solid waste generated, training of waste management system will be

provided to the staffs, different dustbins will be used for degradable and non-degradable wastes and

the wasted collected will be transferred to municipal waste collection system. Similarly, for the

management of the sewage, all the soil water and waste water will catch at manhole located near duct

inside the building and then the soil water will be drained to septic tank and soak pit whereas, the

waste water will be drained to waste water treatment plant and the effluent after the treatment will be

disposed through appropriate size of pipe to nearby drainage. Solid waste per day = 15 kgs and liquid

waste = 30 liters, 6 numbers of toilets are built for them. Two camps are there outside the project site

(On hired premises). Heavy equipment are available and the contractors will make use of heavy

equipment for dismantling the batching plant and site office. As all equipment belong to the

contractor, they will take the same hence no spoil will remained. Currently, this project is providing

waste to municipality (50%). Bio degradable waste like vegetable peel off , food etc. are being

converted to vermi compost using the pit available for the purpose.

Indoor air Pollution

Source control and ventilation are important components of a robust Indoor Air Quality plan in

residents through the maintenance of indoor ventilation, application of air purifier and maintaining

appropriate air change hours for the rooms. In order to control air conditions within the selected zone

in the room by the supply air and allow stratification of heat and contaminants in other room areas,

the zoning strategy is to be followed for the supply of fresh air. Fresh air requirements for naturally

ventilated spaces are treated differently. To keep carbon dioxide (CO2) levels to less than an average

1,000 ppm during the day a ventilation rate of 10 l/s/person is typically adopted .



Water quality and quantity related impacts

For the recharge of the ground water, there will be plantation of trees and the open space will be

maintained for the recharge of the ground water. Similarly, to reduce the excessive water use, the

appliances that require less water such as less water flushing cistern in toilet will be used. Likewise,

there will be reuse of water like reusing water in gardens. The rainwater harvesting system will also

recharge the underground water. Less pavement and more greenery open space will help in

increasing the recharge the water table.

Higher energy requirements impacts

After the operation of the apartments of Phase II, there will be increase in energy demand which will

be fulfilled by the installation of DG sets for lightning and heating.

Fire hazard

The short circuit of the electric wires can cause the fire hazard. So, there will be installation of fire

alarms and emergency exit. Likewise, fire extinguisher will be placed at different places of the

building.

Water demand and supply related impacts

Very wise use of water has been done so that waste can be minimized. Water once used will be

reused where ever possible. Similarly, rain water harvesting technique will be used to so that the

pressure on ground water can be reduced. Moreover, artificial aquifer recharge technique will be

adopted by constructing the recharge pit which will ultimately enhance the ground water recharge.

Air, water, noise, soil pollution

Vehicles used in the Phase II will be kept in good condition so that vehicular pollution can be

reduced. Generators which contribute to both air and noise pollution will be selected considering its

efficiency and environment friendly design. This will not only reduce the pollution but also

contribute to reduction in excess fuel consumption. Waste water treatment facility will be adopted

within the apartment premises by adopting appropriate technique to reduce the contribution of

building for water pollution.

Traffic congestion, obstruction

The operation of building will aid to the increase in vehicles will create the traffic obstruction

impacts. The traffic signs will be installed around the entry point of the apartment. Likewise, the

safety measures, sign boards will also be installed. The training to the in-house drivers will also be

given so that the vehicles of the apartment would not increase the traffic obstruction.

Drainage management

The sewage generated will be collected at the septic that will later be treated by the sewage treatment

system. Then only it would be drained through appropriate size of pipe to nearby drainage system.

The drainage of the Rajkulo will not be disturbed and its natural flow will be maintained.

Disaster management related impacts

The building will be constructed on the principle of earthquake resistant building so that the

earthquake has minimal impact on it. The design is in conformity with seismic zone V (Though



Simara lies in Seismic zone IV, one step higher with additional cost impact to ensure human safety).

Likewise, provisions of eemergency and main staircase; provision of emergency assembly point;

emergency evacuation procedure and emergency organization structure; fire hydrant and smoke

detectors to signal the fire hazard at its nascent stage; smoke management system in case of fire;

provision of fire doors and fire separation to confine the propagation of fire from one zone to other;

aviation light at building top; provision of lightning protection and fire extinguisher as well as fire

exit signage.

Shading effect

The shading effect caused by the construction of proposed is permanent and lacks mitigation

measures.

8.2 Biological Environment


Loss of productivity

The local productivity of the land is temporarily lost during the construction activity. There

are no any prominent mitigation measures but the effect of construction to nearby plots

should be decreased.

8.2.2 Operational Phase

Permanent loss of agricultural productivity

The local productivity of the land is permanently loss due to the operation of the project. The

loss cannot be mitigated by using any mitigation measures.

8.3 Socio-economic Environment


Conflict and dispute

At the pre-construction stage, conflicts and dispute can be raised. The conflict and disputes will be

settled by compensating the local land owners according to current market price.

Ethnic conflict of local with workers

The workers having the different ethnicity than the local people will strictly be told to respect the

local caste and religion so that the ethnic conflict can be minimized.


The locals will be discouraged to increase the markets around the construction sites. The locals will

be made aware about the disadvantages of the haphazard market so that the haphazard market

growth will be minimized.

Health and sanitation in and around project sites

There will be construction of toilets around the construction sites so that the sanitation of the

environment will be managed. Likewise, the staffs and labours will be aware and trained about the

management of the wastes.

Occupational health and safety of workers

Considering the health and safety of the workers, personal protection equipments such as helmets,

masks, gloves etc will be distributed to every worker.



Trespassing, nuisance to nearby and surrounding community of construction site

There will be strict order to follow the laws and rules to the workforce. The construction site will be

fenced by the wires so that the people cannot enter that site. Likewise, alcohol will be prohibited in

the construction site.

Grievances management

There may be complains of the local people around the site about the project activities. There will

be consultation and discussion with the local people about the activities of the project and the locals

will be convinced by the benefits of the project in their area. There will be a proper system of

maintaining records of the complains and it will be directly informed to the concerned officers on

weekly basis.

8.3.2 Operation Phase

Occupational safety and health hazards

The operation of apartments of Phase II, there will not have significant impacts on health of the

workers. But for the safety of the workers, personal protection equipment will be provided.

Undesirable migration

After the operation of apartment, people from different places can migrate to that area for work

opportunities. The migration of the people cannot be mitigated by the apartment authorities.

Pressure on existing infrastructure

The increase in number of people in an area will certainly increases the pressure on existing

infrastructures for which no mitigation measure can be proposed.

Health and sanitation related impacts in and around the proposed apartment

The surrounding of the building will be made clean by regularly cleaning by sweeping. Likewise,

the waste management techniques will also help to maintain the health and sanitation in and around

the apartment premises.


The locals will be discouraged to increase the markets around the apartment premises. The locals

will be made aware about the disadvantages of the haphazard market so that the haphazard market

growth will be minimized.

Impacts related to safety and security

For the safety and security of the guests in the apartment, there will be the facilities of security

persons. Likewise, the building premises will be fenced to avoid the trespassing.

Mitigation measures for the physical environments are presented in Table 21 for the construction

and operation phase as under in tabular matrix.


Proponent: Surya Nepal P Ltd Consultant: SCEC 55

Table 21: Physical Environmental Matrix showing Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Costs

S.N. Environmental

Impacts Mitigation Measures

Time of

Action

Competent

Authority/Agency

Mitigation Costs

(Rs)


A.1 Change in land use

pattern

No mitigation measure,

residual impact - - -

A.2

Increased air,

water and soil

pollution

Sprinkling of water in

the construction sites,

waste management

within the project

boundaries

Construction

Period Proponent 250000.00

A.3 Increased noise

level

Prohibition of noise

generating activities in

the night time zone

(19:00 to 6:00 hours)

Construction

Period Proponent -

A.4

Increased burden

of spoil

management

Compaction of piles of

spoils

Construction

Period Proponent

Included in

overall project

cost

A.5

Erosion and

sedimentation

from stock piled

construction

materials

Facilities of covering

during rainy season

Construction

Period Proponent

Included in

overall project

cost

A.6 Decrease of

ground water

Facilities of greenery

areas and

protection/conservation

of water recharge zones

Construction

and

operation

Proponent

Construction of

recharge pits : Rs.

300000.00

A.7 Erosion of top soil

Use of top soil in

greenery management

in open space

Construction

and

operation

Proponent -

A.8

Increased number

of vehicles in the

road

Train drivers on traffic

rules, installation of

safety signs

Construction

phase Proponent 100000.00

A.9 Energy shortage

Use of alternative

sources like generators,

solar

Construction

and

operation

Proponent

Included in

overall project

cost

A.10 Water Logging

Construction of

drainages connecting to

rainwater harvesting

tanks

Construction


A.11 Occupational

Hazard

Distribution of Personal

Protection Equipments,

safety signs, trainings

etc

Construction


B. Operation Phase

B.1 Water, land

pollution

Construction of solid

waste management

system in the building,

source segregation,

separation and

management as per

degradable and non-

degradable wastes. The

project will install the

water treatment unit,

waste water treatment

unit within its premises.

Operation

Phase Proponent

2500000.00

(The cost

of water

treatment

and

waste

water

treatment

is

included

in the



S.N. Environmental


Time of

Action

Competent

Authority/Agency

Mitigation Costs

(Rs)

Treatment Facility at

apartment:

The apartment will

install Automatic Water

Treatment Systems

which integrates some

of the highly advanced

techniques of

purification that ensure

99.9% of pyrogens,

viruses and bacteria

rejection in the output

water. In addition to

this, these systems also

separate out the

contaminants and non-

essential and corrosive

salts, metals, chemicals

and other impurities

completely from water.

The Process Involves :

Sand &

activated

carbon

filtration,

Polishing,

Coagulation

Micro cartridge

filters,

Chlorination,

Floculation

Waste water

treatment

The Packaged Plant

Treatment System will

be installed this is a

type of biological

treatment for domestic

waste using the

extended aeration

process. Packaged

Plants are compact,

self-contained, and

factory prefabricated.

overall

project

cost)

B.2 Loss of

groundwater

Plantation of trees and

maintain open space for

ground water recharge,

use of appliances which

requires less water

(examples; less water

flushing cistern in

toilet, reuse of water in

garden etc)

Operation

Phase Proponent

Included in

overall project

cost

B.3

Increased

electricity and

petroleum

Installation of solar

system (for light and

heating)

Operation

Phase Proponent 800000.00



S.N. Environmental


Time of

Action

Competent

Authority/Agency

Mitigation Costs

(Rs)

demands

B.4 Ground water

depletion potential

Maintain open space

and greenery, water

conservation and water

management techniques

will be employed at the

apartment

Operation

Phase Proponent

Included in

Project cost, and

construction

phase

B.5

Increased air,

water, noise and

soil pollution

Use of less noisy

generators, solid waste

management within

apartment premises

Operation

Phase Proponent

Included in

project cost

B.6

Visual

impacts/discomfort

to nearby residents

of the apartment

Tree plantation along

the boundary of the

apartment

Operation

Phase Proponent 100,000.00

B.7 Increased vehicles

in the road

Safety measures, sign

boards, training to in-

house drivers

Operation

Phase Proponent

25,000.00

B.8

Storm water

management and

water logging

Construction of

drainages and

management

Operation

Phase Proponent

Included in

project cost

B.9 Disaster

management

The apartment will be

built based on the

principle of earthquake

resistant building ,

Installation of

emergency exit, fire

extinguishers etc

Operation

Phase Proponent

In built in

construction cost

B.10 Shading effect No mitigation measures

residual effect


Mitigation measures for the biological environment are presented in table 22 for the construction and

operation phase as under in tabular matrix.

Table 22: Biological Environmental Matrix showing Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Costs

S.N. Environmental


Time of

Action

Competent

Authority/Agenc

y

Mitigation

Costs (Rs)


A.1 Temporary loss

of production

Impact is insignificant

as the income through

the land after project

overcomes the income

before the project.

Constructio

n phase -

B. Operation Phase

B.1 Permanent loss of

production

Impact is insignificant

as the income through

the land after project

overcomes the income

before the project.

Operation

phase -



Socio-economic and cultural Environment Mitigation measures for the socio-economic and cultural environment are presented in table 23 for

the construction and operation phase as under in tabular matrix.

Table 23: Socio-economic and cultural environment showing Impacts, Mitigation

Measures and Costs

S.N. Environmental

Impacts

Mitigation

Measures

Time of

Action

Competent

Authority/Agency

Mitigation

Costs (Rs)


A.1

Pressure in social

services and

infrastructures

Introduce local rules

and regulations to the

workforce and ask

them to strictly

follow

Help locals to operate

small scale shops in

the area.

Manage the waste

and sanitation within

the apartment

premises.

Construction

phase Proponent

Included in

overall

project cost

A.2

Pressure on

environment and

utilities

Convince locals on

the haphazard market

disadvantages

Construction

phase Proponent No cost

A.3 Change in social

behaviour

Restrict workforce to

roam around and

enter in to personal

property of

neighbours

Construction


A.4 Difficulties in

project operation

Compensate local

land owners

according to current

market price

Construction

phase Proponent

Included in

Project cost

A.5

Difficulties in

management of

law and order

Strict order to follow

laws and rules to the

workforce,

prohibiting

alcoholism

Construction


A.6 Scarcity of

resources

Collaboration with

locals to fulfil the

demand by operating

shops and other

facilities as required

during construction

phase of the

apartment

Construction

phase Proponent

Included in

Project cost

A.7 Increase in the

diseases

Construction of

toilets and

management of

wastes, raising

awareness among

Construction

phase Proponent

Included in

Project Cost



S.N. Environmental

Impacts

Mitigation

Measures

Time of

Action

Competent

Authority/Agency

Mitigation

Costs (Rs)

staff and labours

A.8

Increase of

diseases and

accidents

Monitor the work

force safety measures

are followed or not

regularly

Provide safe drinking

water

Construction

phase Proponent

Included in

overall

Project cost

A.9 Increase of

accidents

Encourage materials

haulers to follow

traffic rules and

control speed

especially near the

settlements

Installation of

adequate safety signs

Construction

phase Proponent

Included in

Project Cost

A.10

Change in the

local

environment


enter into personal

property

Construction

phase Proponent -

A.11 Safety of

workforce


move outside after

20:00 hours, wearing

of helmets and gloves

during working

periods

Construction

phase Proponent -

A.12

Disputes among

locals and

project

Management of

wastes within the

project premises

Monitor workforce to

follow local laws and

rules

Construction

phase Proponent

Included in

overall

project cost

B. Operation Phase

B.1

Increased

population

density with

pressure on

resources

No measure Operation

phase Proponent -

B.2

Pressure on

resources and

infrastructures

No measure Operation

phase Proponent -

B.3

Possibility of

impact on local

culture and

practices

Encourage guest to

praise local culture

and practices

Operation

phase Proponent -

B.4

Impact in moral

values and

lifestyle

Encourage dwellers

to strictly follow the

local moral values

and lifestyle when

appearing in public

Operation

phase Proponent

B.5

Difficulties to

maintain law and

order

Facilities of security

persons

Operation

phase Proponent

Included in

overall

project cost



S.N. Environmental

Impacts

Mitigation

Measures

Time of

Action

Competent

Authority/Agency

Mitigation

Costs (Rs)

B.6 Injury to guests,

locals

Facilities of security

persons, fencing

around the

construction site

Operation

phase Proponent

Included in

overall

project cost

B.7 Complains on

project activities

Discussions with

locals

Operation

phase Proponent

Included in

overall

project cost



CHAPTER IX: ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

The purpose of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is to minimize the potential

environmental impacts due to proposed project. EMP is required for formulation, implementation

and monitoring of environmental protection measures during project development. EMP reflects the

commitment of the proponent to safeguard the environment as well as the surrounding population.

Similarly, EMP has been prepared for the Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt.

Ltd to set out environmental management requirements and to develop procedures to ensure that all

mitigation measures and monitoring requirements specified in this Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) study report will be carried out in subsequent stages of project development and

operation.

The impacted terms of reference of the study suggests that EMP should comprises of implementation

of the mitigation measures, environmental monitoring plan, framework for the environmental

auditing and the institutional arrangement for the implementation of EMP.

9.1 Environment Management System

For the effective and consistent functioning of the project, an Environmental Management System

(EMS) should be established at the site. The EMS should include the following:

• An Environmental management Unit

• Environmental Monitoring

• Personnel Training

• Regular Environmental Audits and Corrective Action

• Documentation – Standard operating procedures Environmental Management Plans and

other records

9.2 Environment Management Unit

Apart from having an Environmental Management Plan, it is also necessary to have a permanent

organizational set up charged with the task of ensuring its effective implementation of mitigation

measures and to conduct environmental monitoring. The major duties and responsibilities of

Environmental Management Unit will be as given below:

• To implement the environmental management plan,

• To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations,

• To ensure regular operation and maintenance of pollution control devices and activities

• To minimize environmental impacts of operations as by strict adherence to the EMP,

• To initiate environmental monitoring as per approved schedule.

• Review and interpretation of monitored results and corrective measures in case monitored

results are above the specified limit.

• Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and applicable environmental

laws as ready reference.

• Maintain environmental related records.

• Coordination with regulatory agencies and external consultants,

• Maintain of log book for public complaints and the action taken

9.3 Implementing mechanism of Environmental Protection Measures

To ensure the implementation of EPMs, Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal is

committed to establish Environment Management Unit (EMU).EMU is the inbuilt mechanism within

the apartment which governs the implementation and monitoring of the EPMs. The EMU will focus

on compliance monitoring, record keeping, and providing technical inputs to the contractors.



9.4 Project Management Responsibility

The implementation of mitigation measures responsibility is entrusted to the project proponent i.e.

Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. Because of small nature of project, the monitoring of the project as to the

stipulated mitigation in the construction and operation period is also done by the proponent.

9.5 Environmental Monitoring Plan

The environmental monitoring plan designed for the project has three main objectives;

To ensure that the project baseline conditions are adequately documented such that a

comparative assessment of the project baseline before and after the project could be made

objectively for impact evaluation

To ensure that the mitigation commitments to minimize the predicted adverse impacts and

maximize the beneficial impacts including the environmental enhancement programs are

actually complied and implemented in time and with sincerity by the project.

To verify that the project impacts are within the limits of the impact prediction or some

unforeseen impacts also occurred during project development and what measures were taken

to minimize the unforeseen impacts

1. Briefing of project

2. Status, submission of

environment report

3. Prepare monthly status

report

4. Support client in Env. &

social matters during

construction Proposal

1. Regular compliance monitoring

2. Record keeping

3. Preparation of weekly, monthly

report on pre and post construction

of Environment report

4. Report to team leader

5. Participate in meeting with client,

engineer consultant

1. Maintain regular log on compliance clauses

2. Follow instruction of field officer

3. Sampling of air, water soil & other parameters

4. Maintain photographic records

5. Establish on the site cooperation with other

consultant, client.

6. Maintain rapport building and PR with local

communities

7. Execute CSR activities of Surya Nepal

CEO, Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd.

Environment, Social Unit

Assistant

Environment Officer



As baseline environment of the proposal development area is disgustingly known and also

documented in this EIA report, the proponent itself will carry out compliance and impact monitoring

of the project construction and operation period. The monitoring management plan for Baseline,

compliance and impact is presented in Table 25,26 and 27.

The Jitpur Simara Sub-Metropolitan city will be involved during construction and operation phase

monitoring of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd.

9.6 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Surya Nepal is very much concerned and is aware about its role in the community. Surya Nepal will

work in close coordination and collaboration with the neighbour and neighbouring community.

Surya Nepal will join hands with community support users group in clean-up campaign, contribute in

a small community support activities, contribute in infrastructure improvement programs initiated by

community, neighbours (examples: drainage improvement, installation of street lights, safety signs,

security etc).

The Surya Nepal will hold regular interaction with the neighbouring community. Surya Nepal will

allocate certain budget in an annual basis and such budget will be spent in above mentioned CSR

activities in close coordination and support of local communities.

For the upcoming years, as spelled out above, the Surya Nepal will be involved in

Creating community awareness on traffic safety

Plantation will also be done to maintain greenery

Involve in community support in areas of health, sanitation, food and hygiene in project's direct

and indirect areas

Support the backward communities in education, and social awareness

Support the local community in promotion of sports and other similar activities.

9.7 Specific Management Plans for Surya Nepal Residential Buildings

A. CONSTRUCTION PHASE

9.7.1 Health and Safety Plan

This contractor will prepare OHS plan of the project and it will be displayed and available to all

persons working on/visiting the site.

Occupational Health and Safety Assessment System Plans

A plan is required to eliminate or minimize risks to the workers who could be exposed to OH and S

hazards associated with the continuous exposure.



Objectives

The main objective of this document is to explore possible H&S issues of the project and provide

information intended to prevent and minimize personal injuries, illnesses and physical damage to any

workers, equipment, supplies and property.

Safety Management

Health and safety will be tailored to project specific activities. Induction training to all project

execution team will be provided to make them aware on H&S of the project.

Community Outreach and Involvement

Risk management strategies will be implemented to protect the local communities from physical,

chemical, or other hazards associated with the construction and operation of the Project. Risk

management strategies will also be implemented to protect the project workers, facilities, and

equipment. Risks may arise from inadvertent or intentional trespassing including potential contact

with hazardous materials, exposures to structures and excavations not meant for untrained people to

access, energized equipment, moving equipment, sharp objects, buildings that are vacant or under

construction, physical contact with the project workers, transmission of diseases, etc. Community

outreach programs will be established with the goal of helping to mitigate these potential risks. The

Health and Safety Manager

Hazard Identification

Routine and Periodic Health Check up

Human Behavior and capabilities

Hazard nature

Risk Reduction Priorities

Signage / Warnings

PPE

Engineering Control / Management

Control

Emergency Preparedness

Roles & Responsibilities

Crisis Management

Support Utilities

Infrastructure / Equipment /

Materials

Spaced rooms

Improved ventilation / Exhaust

OHSA

Documentation EHS Tool Box programs EHS Awareness training programs EHS Meetings Miss Incidents/Dangerous occurrences/Property Damage No of First Aid Cases Non Lost Time Accidents Lost Time Injuries (LTI) Lost Time Accidents (LTA) EHS Awards given

EHS Audits/Inspections EHS NCRs Raised/ Violation Memo EHS NCRS

Health Indicators

Bronchitis, and Allergic Respiratory /

Nasal Diseases)



H&S Plan will be discussed in community outreach and involvement actives to be performed during

construction stage of the project.

Updating Health and Safety Plan of Project

The H&S will be treated as living documents. As such, the H&S will be modified when new hazards

are identified, the scope of work is revised, equipment is changed, and/or the provisions specified in

the H&S are not adequate to protect the H&S of the workers. Regular updating of this plan will be

carried out by the contractor as per the need and requirements.

9.7.2 Occupational Health and Safety Hazards

To ensure the safety of the occupational workers , implement the following measures . Construction staff and wokers will be provided with basic safety issues and safety measures

to be taken in each of the construction sites at least once a week before the start of days construction activity

Signs of various risks will be placed at appropriate locations in all the construction sites

The construction staff and workers will be provided with personnel safety gears such as helmets, boots with tough toes, gloves, air masks, ear plugs and other as required depending upon the work nature at least every six months.

The construction supervisor will ensure that all the workforce is using the personnel protective gears at all times at the construction sites and those not using the gears will be prohibited in the construction sites

First aid kits for minor cuts and injuries will be placed at all times in each of the active construction sites and in the project office.

A stabilization health care medical facility manned with a nurse will be established centrally in the project area with bed facility, medicine.

Handy fire-fighting gears will be placed at each of the construction sites for immediate use in case of fire.

9.7.3 Community Health and Safety Hazards

Following measures will be implemented by the contractor to minimise the impact The construction vehicles will be parked in the designated area as per the traffic management

plan

The speed of the construction vehicle in the construction area will be controlled for the safety

of the local residents, and the project

The construction vehicles will not be parked along the main road and in the settlement areas

Traffic signs will be placed in all locations as required for the safe driving and safety of the

community.

Fuel storage and dispensing units will be bounded in a concrete platform with drainage

facility linked with oil and grease trapping unit, area will be fenced, secured and fire

extinguishers will be place.

All spent oils, mobiles, grease and other chemicals will be collected and stored in a separate

covered storage facilities for final management as recommended by the site engineer as per

the GoN regulations

9.7.4 Site Safety Procedures

Site rules

A copy of the site rules for each site will be inserted here as well as being displayed in the site office

(where applicable).

Site Amenities

Toilets and drinking water will be provided on site;

All workers are to have good hygiene standards and clean up after themselves;



Outdoor game facilities such as volleyball and badminton will be provided;

Site Security

The contractor will, as far as possible reasonably practicable, secure the site (where applicable) by:

Keeping the site/building secure during the project;

Erecting a fence to prevent unauthorized access;

Locking gates to the site outside normal hours of operation;

Workers and contractors are expected to keep the site secure, for example by closing or locking

gates.

Site Signage

At a minimum, the contractor will display the following signs on the entrance to the site (where

applicable):

Contact person name, contact details and after-hours telephone number;

The location of the site office;

All signage will be clearly visible from outside.

9.7.5 Managing Construction Hazards

Falls from Heights

The contractor should manage the risks associated with falls from heights by:

Ensuring that where practicable, any work involving the risk of a fall is undertaken on the

ground or on a solid construction such as an elevated work platform;

Where this is not practicable, providing a fall prevention device such as secure fencing, edge

protection, working platforms and/or covers;

Where this is not practicable, providing a work positioning system such as plant or a structure

other than a temporary work platform that enables a person to be positioned and safely

supported;

Where this is not practicable, providing a fall arrest system such as a safety harness system.

Workers will be trained in emergency procedures for fall arrest systems;

When undertaking work involving the risk of a fall from height, workers must:

Follow all instructions

Work with a buddy when using a ladder

Only use approved work platforms

Falling Objects

Where practical, the Contractor will provide adequate protection against the risk of falling objects

through the use of control measures such as barrier screen, toe-boards and by storing and stacking

materials safely.

Where this is not possible, a risk assessment will be undertaken and appropriate control measures

implemented to manage the risk of injuries from falling objects.

9.7.6 Confined Space Entry and Excavation of Work

Anyone undertaking excavation work at confined space will be performed in the following checks,

but not limited to:

No slope instability issues;

No issue related to entrapment of drowning;

Ensure safe means of access and egress from excavations such as graded slopes, access route

or stairs or ladders;

Ensure no combustion equipment are operated for longer period;

Permit –required confined spaces will be provided with permanent safety measures for

venting, monitoring, and rescue operations, to the extent possible;



Prior to entry a permit-required confined space;

o Process of feed lines in to the space will be disconnected or drained, and blanked and

locked-out;

o Mechanical equipment in the space will be disconnected, de-energized, locked-out, or

braced as appropriate;

o The atmosphere within the confined space will be tested to assure oxygen content by

burning air, if it gets lit, the area will be ventilated

Appropriate induction training will be provided to the workers prior to start of work at the

confined space;

9.7.7 Electrical

Power supplied to the site will be either from the distribution line or from gen-set. The following

measures will be ensured by the contractor in the project.

Robust construction and materials capable of withstanding damage from the weather and

other environmental and site influences;

Securely attached the switchboard to a post, pole, wall or other structure unless it is of a

stable freestanding design able to withstand external forces likely to be present;

Incorporate suitable support and protection for flexible cords and cables and prevent

mechanical strain to the cable connections inside the board;

Protect all live parts at all times;

Flexible cords used on construction sites will be rated heavy duty;

To avoid confusion with individual earthling conductors, green sheathed flexible power cords

will not be used on site;

Flexible cords will be either protected by a suitable enclosure or barrier or located where they

are not subjected to mechanical damage, damage by liquids or high temperature;

Records of all inspections, tests, repairs and faults related to all electrical equipment and

distribution lines including cable will be recorded in a testing and tagging register;

Workers who notices damage on electrical equipment and the distribution system requires to

inform to the person in-charge, electrical foreman. He will be responsible to fix the problem

and unrepairable items should be informed to the contractor site in charge for necessary

action.

9.7.8 Plant and Equipment

To ensure all plant used complies with the requirements of the Health, Safety & Environment

Regulations:

Only use plant for the purpose for which it was designed;

Use all health and safety features and warning devices on plant;

Follow all information, training and instruction provided;

guarding must be permanently fixed and is not permitted to be removed;

No person other than the operator may ride on the plant unless the person is provided with a

level of protection that is equivalent to that provided to the operator;

It will also ensure that:

All plants and equipment are regularly maintained, inspected and tested by a relevant

competent person;

9.7.9 Scaffolds

The Contractor will ensure:

That the scaffold is erected by a competent person;

That before use of the scaffold, the field supervisor will check that it is safe;

That scaffolding is inspected by a competent person:



Before use of the scaffold is resumed after an incident occurs that may reasonably be

expected to affect the stability of the scaffold;

Before use of the scaffold is resumed after repairs;

At least every 30 days;

That, if an inspection indicates that any scaffold or its supporting structure creates a risk to

health or safety:

Any necessary repairs, alterations and additions will be made or carried out;

The scaffold and its supporting structure will be inspected again by a competent person

before use of the scaffold is resumed.

Workers must:

Not use incomplete scaffolding

Report any scaffolding issues to the principal contractor

Comply with the directions of any tags attached to the scaffold

The Contractor will prevent unauthorized access to the scaffold by removing ladders where

there is no site fencing

9.7.10 Fire and Explosions

The following fire and explosion prevention strategy, but not limited to, will be adopted:

Fire extinguishers, fire notices, fire detection, alarm systems and fire exit signs will be

provided for all working areas;

Materials and rubbish stored on site will be kept to a minimum

Storing flammable away from ignition sources and oxidizing materials;

All vessels that may contain substance that are hazardous will be labelled or appropriately

colour coded, copies of hazard coding will be posted;

A “No Smoking” rule will be imposed in all working areas, storage areas or wherever there are fire hazards;

The area will be prohibited to take or use of smoke, cellular phones or other potential spark

generating equipment;

Will operate a “Hot Works Permit System” particularly where the works involve a naked flame. In the event of a fire, the person discovering the fire will raise the alarm and

immediately report the situation to the site in-charge

Induction training to the workers who is supposed to handled inflammable materials;

9.7.11 Managing other Construction Hazards

Ladder Safety

The contractor should manage hazards associated with ladders by:

Using ladders according to the manufacturer’s instructions; Only allowing one person at a time on a ladder;

Performing all work from a ladder while facing the ladder;

Not setting up ladders on scaffolds or elevated work platforms to gain extra height;

Manual Handling

The contractor should manage hazards associated with manual handling by:

Ensuring all users follow good manual handling practices;

Assessing risk assessments;

Providing mechanical lifting aids where applicable;

Slips, Trips and fall

Using a slips, trips and falls checklist as required;

Checking for hazards that could cause someone to slip, trip or fall by doing a visual check;

Ensuring workers keep the site tidy as part of the written site rules;



Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

As per the site based requirement and nature of job where person is working the contractor should

provide adequate PPE

Safety boot and gloves;

Sun protection cream and hat;

Raincoat;

Torch light;

First aid kits

Drinking water;

Corrosive, Oxidizing, and Reactive Chemicals

The following controls will be observed in the work environment when handling such chemicals:

Chemicals will be segregated from flammable materials, stored in place where intermixing

possibility during spills would be minimal;

Workers who are required to handle corrosive, oxidizing or reactive chemicals will be

provided induction training and also proper PPE;

First Aid people will be kept in high alert during the period these materials are being used;

Accidents and Diseases Monitoring

The site in-charge of contractor will be responsible to monitor, reporting and monitoring of:

Occupational accidents and diseases;

Dangerous occurrence and incidents;

Occupational injuries and near misses;

Suspected case of occupational diseases;

Will identify fatal or non-fatal injuries and necessary action will be taken accordingly;

Further, the person providing the PPE must ensure that the PPE is:

Suitable for the nature of the work and any hazard associated with the work;

A suitable size and fit and reasonably comfortable for the worker who is to use or wear it;

Maintained, repaired or replaced so that it continues to minimize risk to the worker who uses

it, including by:

o Ensuring it is clean and hygienic

o Ensuring it is in good working order

o Ensuring it is used or worn by the worker, so far as is reasonably practicable.

The person supplying the PPE must also:

Provide workers with information, training and instruction in the proper use, wearing, storage

and maintenance of PPE;

Ensure that any other person at the workplace (such as home owners, clients or inspectors) is

appropriately provided with PPE to wear as required.

Workers must:

Follow all instructions to wear and use PPE;

Take reasonable care of PPE;

9.7.12 Plan for Management of Labor and Working Condition

No Forced Labor Policy

The contractor adheres with no forced labor policy in their project. As such there will be no

involuntary or compulsory labor like indentured labor, bonded labor or similar labor contracting

arrangements.



Non Discriminative and Equal Opportunity Employer (EOE)

The project (including contractor) will not discriminate in hiring (adhere with hiring policy and

priority), promotion, discharge, pay, fringes, benefits, job trainings, and other aspects of employment

on the basis of race color, religion, sex, national origin. The Nepal Labor Act, and Nepal Labor

Rules will be strictly followed.

Retrenchment and re-employment.

The retrenchment and reemployment policy the contractor will follow GoN Labor Act

Employment Opportunity and Human Resources Development Activity

In order to provide maximum job opportunity to the local area people (project DIZ and INDIZ) for

employment and human resource development following measures will be implemented. This is in

line with EIA recommendations. The project including the contractor will encourage local area

people to take up the jobs suitable to their skills and qualifications.

9.7.13 Construction Camp Management Plan

Accommodations

The location, layout and basic facility provision of construction camp will be prepared meeting the

GoN regulations. The accommodation and ancillary facilities will be maintained in functional a

suitable, safe, and hygienic manner meeting GoN standards.

Potable water

The contractor must ensure all the time that uncontaminated water is available for drinking, cooking

and washing at all accommodations and drinking water at all work places. Testing of water will be

done on a regular basis as prescribed in EIA report.

Environmental and social compliance monitor (or person designated for this task) from the

contractor should visit the camps for compliance monitoring.

Sanitation and Sewerage System

Septic tank system in camps will be designed, built and operated in such a fashion that no

health hazards occur and no pollution to the air, ground water or adjacent water courses take

place

Separate toilets/bathrooms for men and women will be planned.

Adequate water supply and ventilation will be provided in toilets.

The construction camps will be facilitated with separate washing, bathing facilities

Waste disposal

Waste disposal buckets will be provided in camps.

The contractor must ensure that waste are properly handled and disposed of with due care and

with hygienic manner. A solid waste management system of collection, segregation, and final

management of the camp and construction area solid waste will be established and operated

for all the camps Haphazard disposal of the solid wastes in all areas will be strictly

prohibited.

Ventilation and lighting in camps

All the camps will be well ventilated. The ventilation requirements as per WHO standards

will be followed. If natural ventilation is not sufficient, the contractor should l also provide

the artificial ventilation means (Fans, AC). The air flow rates in rooms will be maintained.

Energy efficient lighting system will be used in camps.

The rooms will have proper and adequate lighting mechanisms.



Cooking fuel

The project will supply subsidized LPG/Kerosene to its staff to avoid dependency in forest

and to discourage burning firewood. The burning of firewood is strictly prohibited.

Ban of Ill Social Activities

Ill social behaviors like gambling, drinking etc is strictly prohibited in all job sites, camps of

contractors and engineers camp

The noisy equipment, activities after 9 AM will be banned in camps.

Access to Recreational facilities

Access to camp site, office, and other areas is important so necessary internal access will be built.

Recreational facilities including appropriate television, game items like (carem board, chess, and

volley ball) will be provided).

Security

For safe and secure camp dwellers, security measures at camp will be established. Implementation of

photographic identification system for safety and security. Visitor access to the job sites, offices and

camps should be made only with prior approval from site in-charge.

B. OPERATION PHASE

9.7.14 Indoor Air Quality Management Plan

Source control and ventilation are important components of a robust IAQ plan in residents through

the maintenance of indoor ventilation, application of air purifier and maintaining appropriate air

change hours for the rooms. In order to control air conditions within the selected zone in the room by

the supply air and allow stratification of heat and contaminants in other room areas, the zoning

strategy is to be followed for the supply of fresh air. It can control the airflow parameters of a

vertical or horizontal zone in the room. This kind of ventilation is a good compromise between

mixing and displacement ventilation1. The process of replacing stale indoor air with fresh outdoor

air is an air change phenomenon for indoor environment. The air change rate or air changes per hour

(ACH) provide the number of times that the entire volume of the conditioned space is replaced by

fresh outdoor air in one hour. The typical ACH for general office is in the range of 4 to 6 per hours.

The minimum fresh air ventilation rate is generally maintained at 8 to 10 l/s per person equivalent

typically adopted in mechanically ventilated spaces. Fresh air requirements for naturally ventilated

spaces are treated differently. To keep carbon dioxide (CO2) levels to less than an average 1,000

ppm during the day a ventilation rate of 10 l/s/person is typically adopted.

Guidelines for Indoor Potted Plants Selection as Air Purifier

The placement of indoor air within the working rooms only not makes the pleasant environment;

they will also supports in indoor air purifying agents also. It has number of benefits as mentioned

below:

Fights sick building syndrome

Fewer allergic symptoms

More efficiency at work

Greater productivity

Higher concentration

More creative and less stressful

Recover faster from cold and flu

Fewer symptoms and signs of headache, irritation and fatigue

1 Gery Einberg (2005). Air Diffusion and Solid Contaminant Behaviour in Room Ventilation – a computational fluid dynamics

(CFD) Based Integrated Approach, TRITA-KRV-2005-03, ISSN 1100/7990, ISRN KTH-KRV-R-05-3-SE, ISBN 91-7178-037-8



Peace of mind

Most plants largely uptake carbon dioxide and release oxygen during the day (photosynthesis) and

uptake oxygen and release CO2 during the night (respiration). The listed plant species can uptake

CO2 during the night as well because of their ability to perform a type of photosynthesis called

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM). National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Clean Air Study suggested that efficient air cleaning is accomplished with at least one plant per 100

square feet (9.3 m2) of home or office space. NASA study also showed that certain high-

transpiration plants could remove up to 87 percent of indoor air pollutants within 24 hours. Prior to

selection of the plant species, it will be assured that the selective item could not be the source of

indoor source of yeast and mold and other bacteria.

Table 24: Selective Indoor Plant Species as Air Purifier

S.

N. Name

Specific

Pollutants

Removal

Other Air

Purifying

Benefits

Picture

1.

Spider Plant

(Chlorophytu

m comosum)

Carbon

monoxide

Formaldehyd

e

Toluene

Xylene

PM

Nitrogen

Ozone

Releases

oxygen even in

the nighttime

High-

transpiration

rate increasing

humidity

2.

Snake Plant

(Sansevieria

trifasciata)

Benzene

Formaldehyd

e

Toluene

Xylene

Carbon

Monoxide

Ozone

Releases

oxygen even in

the nighttime

3.

Peace Lily

(Spathiphyllu

m sp.)

Benzene

Formaldehyd

e

Toluene

Xylene

Ammonia

Trichloroeth

ylene

Releases

oxygen even in

the nighttime

High-

transpiration

rate increasing

humidity



S.

N. Name

Specific

Pollutants

Removal

Other Air

Purifying

Benefits

Picture

4.

Pothos

(Epipremnum

sp.)

Benzene

Formaldehyd

e

Toluene

Xylene

Releases

oxygen even in

the nighttime

5.

Weeping Fig

(Ficus

benjamina)

Formaldehyd

e

Toluene

Xylene

Releases

oxygen even in

the nighttime

6.

Philodendrons

(Philodendron

sp.)

Formaldehyd

e

Releases

oxygen even in

the nighttime

High-

transpiration

rate increasing

humidity

7.

Aloe Vera

(Aloe vera)

Benzene

Formaldehyd

e

Releases

oxygen even in

the nighttime



S.

N. Name

Specific

Pollutants

Removal

Other Air

Purifying

Benefits

Picture

8.

Chrysanthemu

m

(Chrysantheiu

m morifolium)

Benzene

Formaldehyd

e

Toluene

Xylene

Ammonia

Trichloroeth

ylene

Releases

oxygen even in

the nighttime

9.

Areca Palm

(Dypsis

lutescens)

Formaldehyd

e

Toluene

Xylene

Releases

oxygen even in

the nighttime

Highest-

transpiration

rate increasing

humidity

10.

English ivy

(Hedera

helix)

Benzene

Formaldehyd

e

Toluene

Xylene

Trichloroeth

ylene

High-

transpiration

rate increasing

humidity

Removes 94%

of airborne

feces and 78%

of airborne

mold

11.

Rubber Plant

(Ficus

elastica)

Formaldehyd

e

High-

transpiration

rate increasing

humidity

Can reduce

mold and

bacteria in a

room by as

much as 50 or

60 percent

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedera_helix



S.

N. Name

Specific

Pollutants

Removal

Other Air

Purifying

Benefits

Picture

12.

Red-edged

dracaena

(Dracaena

marginata)

Benzene

Formaldehyd

e

Toluene

Xylene

Trichloroeth

ylene

High-

transpiration

rate increasing

humidity

13.

Bamboo Palm

(Chamaedore

a seifrizii)

Benzene

Formaldehyd

e

Toluene

Xylene

Trichloroeth

ylene

High-

transpiration

rate increasing

humidity

14.

Boston Fern

(Nephrolepis

exaltata

'Bostoniensis')

Formaldehyd

e

Toluene

Xylene

High-

transpiration

rate increasing

humidity

15.

Chinese

Evergreen

(Aglaonema

modestum)

Benzene

Formaldehyd

e

High-

transpiration

rate increasing

humidity

9.7.15 Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan

The scope of the emergency preparedness and response plan will be inclusive of reporting of

emergencies, coordination with emergency response forces, emergency plans and procedures for

managing or responding to emergencies will comply with the provisions.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracaena_marginata

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracaena_marginata



There will be the provision of announcement system and alarm system within the complex of the

building. When there is a need to make a public announcement or raise an immediate alert, the staff

will dial the operator and inform the nature of the emergency. The plan will be applied as the key

steps for risk management.

Standard emergency response procedures depend on the hazard. The basic emergency procedures are

scoped for building evacuation, shelter-in-place, and lockdown, assemble and shelter outside,

evacuate to safe heaven and emergency residents and employee release from the disaster risk zone.

The building disaster management involves the familiar cycle of steps found in all project

management: assess hazards, vulnerabilities, capacities and resources; plan and implement for

physical risk reduction, maintenance of safe facilities, standard operating procedures and training for

disaster response; test mitigation and preparedness plans and skills regularly, with realistic

simulation drills; and revision based on lessons learned.

9.8 Compliance monitoring

The following activities would be conducted to ensure compliance with the recommendation of the

EIA study:

1. Following the completion of the detailed designs and the tender document, it would be

confirmed that whether the documents have incorporated the measures recommended by the

EIA study.

2. During contract, it will be confirmed that the documents and working methods proposed by

the contractors have taken into account the health, safety and environmental considerations

mentioned in the tender document.

3. At the beginning of the construction period, it will be confirmed that the arrangements

regarding temporary use of lands for labour camps, material storage and construction

activities are satisfactory.

4. During construction, it will be confirmed on a regular basis that all the agreed working

conditions and procedures, regarding various environmental factors are followed

satisfactorily.

5. During construction and after the completion of construction, it will be ensured that all

requirements regarding clean up and reinstatement have been met satisfactorily.

6. During the construction and operation phase of the proposed project, specified parameters of

the working environment as specified in standards will be monitored by Department of

Labour (DoL)/Department of Environment (DoEnv.).

Table 25: Baseline Monitoring

S.N Parameters Indicator Individuals

responsible Methods

Frequency

Monitoring

authority Place

1

Soil pollution,

noise and air

pollution

Solid waste,

noise and air

pollution in

the project

site

Proponent

Using

standard

operation

Once a year DoL

Within

apartment

premises



Table 26: Compliance Monitoring

S.N Parameters Indicators Individuals

responsible Methods

Frequency

/Time

Monitoring

authority Place

Operation Phase

1

Spoil disposal Spoil residue/

clearance of

the site and

vicinity

Proponent Site

Observation/

records

Once DoEnv Project

Site

2

Water quantity

and quality

Types of tube

well/ depth of

well and

drainage

management

Proponent Site

Observation/

records

Once DoEnv Project

Site

3

Landscape Greenery in

and around

project

Proponent Observation Once DoEnv Project

area

4

Solid waste

management

within

apartment

premises

Solid waste

management

practices

adopted


area

5

Construction of

drainages and

management

Drainage

pipes and

joints


area

Table 27: Impact Monitoring

S.N Monitoring

parameters

Indicators Individuals

responsible Methods

Frequency

/Time

Monitoring

authority Place

Operation Phase

1

Impacts of

solid waste

Solid waste

management

practices

Proponent Site

observation

Once a year DoEnv Project

vicinity

2

Noise and

water pollution

Degree of

change in

concentrations

of noise level

and water

quality

Proponent Site

observation,

water

quality test

Once a year Dol/DoEnv Project

vicinity

3.

Impact related

to security,

dispute and

grievance

management

around

apartment

Premises

Number of

guests, number

of long-term

workers,

inclusion of

local staffs

Proponent Surya Nepal

record and

site

observation

Once a year DoEnv Project

vicinity

9.8 Monitoring Cost

The total annual cost for environment monitoring is presented in the table below. The monitoring

cost includes both instrumental cost and human resources cost.



Table 28: Monitoring Cost S.N Particular Days Total Cost Remarks

1 Environmental Expert 1 month 250000.00

2 Equipment use, laboratory and other

Miscellaneous cost for compliance

and impact monitoring

300000.00

Total 550000.00

9.9 Total EMP Cost

The total cost of EMP includes the sum of environmental mitigation cost and monitoring cost. Most

of the mitigation cost is inbuilt into design cost. The cost which is not included in the design is

mentioned as EMP cost is presented in the table below:

Table 29: Total EMP Cost

S.N Particular Cost (NRs)

1 Environment Mitigation 350,0000.00

2 Environment Monitoring 550,000

Total 4050000.00

9.10 Environment Audit

With reference to the baseline information, performance of mitigation measures to minimize the

level of proposed impact will be calculated, analysed and discussed in the Environment Auditing

phase. As per the stipulated in the EPR 2077, MoFE will be responsible for the auditing activities.

Basically, auditing is performed as per the EPR 2077. The Environment Audit have to examine the

performance of the proponent to address environment mitigation measures and further improvement

it has made to minimize the environment pollution. Auditor will check whether the projects have

satisfied the proposed environmental requirements and effectiveness of mitigation measures and

institutional development and whether any unpredictable environment consequences occurred as a

result of the project operation. The Basic objectives for the environment audit are as follows:

Comparison of the environment quality with the pre project baseline information

Effectiveness of the mitigation measures as stipulated by EIA report and their effectiveness

Identification of unpredictable consequence from the project activities

Assessment of compliance and non-compliance with the mitigation and monitoring

provisions

Assessment of compliance and non-compliance with the national environmental standards in

the project development and operational cycle

The proponent will support and co-operate in the environmental audit team. Environmental Auditing

plan of the project is summarized in Table 30. The required professionals and expenses are presented

in Table 31.

Table 30: Environment Auditing Plan

Parameters Location Methods Indicators

Physical Environment

Air Quality Project site and

proposed impact area On site Measurement

Particulate matter, SOx,

NOx, CO etc

Wastewater Nearby water Laboratory analysis COD, BOD, TSS, Hardness,



Parameters Location Methods Indicators

sources Turbidity etc.

Noise On site and off site Noise meter

measurement

Equivalent Sound Pressure

Level

Quality of water Well water Laboratory analysis of

water samples

Physical, Chemical and

microbial


Tree plantation Project sites Observation and

counting Number of trees

Socio-Economic Environment

Occupational safety and

health hazard Project site

Interaction with workers

and review of records Mishaps/diseases

Employment opportunity Project site

Interaction with local,

records of agreements

and list of employee

Number of staffs

Conflict Outside project site

Interaction with people,

project supervisor,

engineer and workers

Police records

Table 31: Environment Audit Cost

Manpower Man/Month Amount, (NRs)

Environment Expert One 75,000

Industrial Engineer One 60,000

Socio-economist One 50,000

Water Quality Expert One 45,000

Lab technicians Two 30,000

Miscellaneous (Stationery, transportation lab

test etc.) 250,000

Total 5,10,000



CHAPTER X: CONCLUSION

Surya Nepal Pvt. Ltd. situated at Simara was set up in 1986 and makes cigarettes of various brand to

cater to domestic market. Since its inception, in a span of 28 years, the factory has multiplied many

folds in terms of volume, infrastructure and human resources. The infrastructure also includes

modern housing facility “Surya Niwas” for non-management cadre housing 149 families. The

managerial strength has also grown over a period and the number of young managers is in the

increase as the unit has already completed 28 years.

Managers residing in the vicinity with their family have always felt a need for housing facility in the

absence of good living condition around Simara. Managers coming from outside especially with

family prefer to live in a known society for security reasons.

To provide basic housing facility to the new incumbents of managerial staff and to their family the

residential apartment has been envisaged. This will definitely help to retain the young talents in

Simara.

Citing the above, we propose housing for managers in Simara as under which may be constructed in

two phases within 5 years span.

Regarding environmental implications, ground water depletion, security issue, different types of

wastes and pollutants are assumed to be produced during the construction and operation phase of the

proposed project. Most of the identified impacts can be mitigated by adopting prescribed mitigation

measures in this report. By adopting these mitigation measures, the project will have very less

negative implications on environment. The EIA has envisaged the impacts during the

implementation of this proposal and also suggested mitigation measures to minimize or reduce the

impacts. The project proponent has committed follow the mitigation measures as spelled out in EIA

report. Surya Nepal is committed to adhere with all the environmental enhancement and mitigations

mentioned in this EIA report.

Considering the nature of the project, its location and people's perception about the project, this EIA

study recommends implementation of Residence Apartment for Managers of Surya Nepal along with

the strict implementation of the prescribed mitigation measures during both construction and

operation phases. Further environmental assessment study at EIA level for implementation of the

proposed project is not required.



REFERENCES

EPA 2076, Environment Protection Act 2076; Ministry of Environment, Science and

Technology; Singhadurbar, Kathmandu

EPR 1997, Environment Protection Rules 2076; Ministry of Environment, Science and


EPR 1997, Environment Protection Rules 1997; Ministry of Environment, Science and


GoN 1993, Nepal Environmental Impact Assessment Guideline 1993, National Planning

Commission, GON/IUCN, Kathmandu.

CBS (2012), National Population and Housing Census 2011. Central Bureau of Statistics,

Thapathali, Kathmandu

1Gery Einberg (2005). Air Diffusion and Solid Contaminant Behaviour in Room Ventilation

– a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Based Integrated Approach, TRITA-KRV-2005-03,

ISSN 1100/7990, ISRN KTH-KRV-R-05-3-SE, ISBN 91-7178-037-8

1Top 9 Plants that absorb 2 at night as well (best for indoors).

https://wiki.nurserylive.com/t/top-9-plants-that-absorb-2-at-night-as-well-best-for-

indoors/315 Retrieved on 2019-04-02

Wolverton, B. C., et al. A study of interior landscape plants for indoor air pollution

abatement: an interim report. NASA. September, 1989.NASA Clean Air Study.

https://nasa.fandom.com/wiki/NASA_Clean_Air_Study. Retrieved on 2019-04-02

https://wiki.nurserylive.com/t/top-9-plants-that-absorb-co2-at-night-as-well-best-for-indoors/315%20Retrived%20on%202019-04-02

https://wiki.nurserylive.com/t/top-9-plants-that-absorb-co2-at-night-as-well-best-for-indoors/315%20Retrived%20on%202019-04-02

https://nasa.fandom.com/wiki/NASA_Clean_Air_Study

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