environmental friendly vehicle design throughout the life
TRANSCRIPT
6. Ökobilanz Werkstatt, Darmstadt 30.9.2010Dr. Stephan KrinkeHead of Environmental Affairs Product
Environmental friendly vehicle design throughout the life cycle
Page 2Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Agenda
Environmental aspects of vehicles
Life cycle assessment: Internal and external applications
Life cycle assessment: Success factors for application in industry
Examples for application
Resource risk assessment
Conclusion
Page 3Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Environmental aspects of vehicles
Manufacturing
Consumption and emissions
Environmental impacts of fuel extraction and production
Maintenance
Recycling
The assessment of a product has to cover all aspects of the life cycle !
Page 4Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Life cycle assessment
The life cycle assessment is a method to evaluate all potential environmental impacts throughout a product lifecycle.
Page 5Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Assignment and assessment of
environmental impacts
Life cycle assessment Method
Analysis of the environmental performance over the entire lifecycle.
Assessment of all relevant environmental impacts to soil, water and air.
EmissionsWasteRaw materials
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The environmental impacts of different technologies can be compared and
assessed prior to the decision process and market introduction.
Results are based on data and facts and will be a used to support the decision process.
Assessment of the complete value chain including suppliers.
Investigation and assessment of all potential environmental aspects.
Life cycle assessmentInternal application in companies
Gre
enho
use
gas
emis
sion
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100%
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A
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International recognized method for environmental assessment (ISO 14040).
Firm basis for the environmental dialogue with stakeholders.
Increasing relevance in politics and legislation.
Part of company ratings.
Life cycle assessmentApplication for external communication
Page 8Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Climate Change ResourcesHealth & Local Air quality
Environmental challenges for the future
extern
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Group ManagementGroup Environmental Strategy Committee
Prea
mbl
e
Gui
delin
es
Regional Environmental Conferences / Environmental-AuditsISO 14001 / EMAS
Environmental Policy
Environmental Standards Product
Climate - Emissions- Consumption- …
Resources - Alternative fuels- Recycling- …
Health - Pollutants- Noises- …
Environmental Standards Production
Infrastructure - Energy- Water- Waste- …
Production - Press shopprocesses - Paint shop
- Foundry- …
Environmental Strategy Volkswagen GroupIndividual ecological mobility
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Environmental Affairs Product
Supervision of vehicle projects Environmental product
management Sustainability assessments Environmental product
information
Global material legislations Material prohibitions REACh Material data acquisition
Life Cycle Assessment Environmental commendations Analysis of raw materials Strategic environmental topics
Environmental Affairs ProductK-EFUP
(Mr. Dr. Krinke)
Environmental AnalysisProduct
Environmental Control Product
Material Controlling andData Systems
extern
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Success factors for the application in industry
Integration in internal processes
Reasonable time and resource demand
Reliable and stable recommendations
Page 12Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Life Cycle Thinking as Core Principle for the Product Development
In future, we will develop each model in such a way that, in its entirety, it presentsbetter environmental properties than its predecessor. As we do so, we will make surethat improvements are attained over the entire product life cycle.
Page 13Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Definition of product characteristics
Possibility of intervention
Time
Cos
ts fo
r cha
nges
in
prod
uct d
esig
n
Life-Cycle Assessment Environmental Commendation
Research & Development Market Launch
Integration of LCA in the Product Development
Page 14Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Environmentally compatible product development Volkswagen brand
Vehicle targets
Characteristics catalog
Perfor-mancespecifi-cations
Product description book
Raw material analysisEnvironmental
Analysis
Model updateAdvance engineeringResearch
LCAs and strategic environmental topics Follow-up
Environmental product descriptions
Environmental Control
Supervision of vehicle projects
Material controlling
Global material legislations
Material controllingMaterial data acquisition (MISS/IMDS)
Environment and innovation roadmaps
Environmental targets, performance specifications and standards
Development stages and tasks
Environmental commendations
Product communication
Instruments
Tasks
Legends
Product development over time
Screening of environmental related laws and activities of competitors
extern
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Time and resource demand for LCA of carsStarting position in 2000
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Time and resource demand for LCA of carsStarting position in 2000
expertknowledge
Page 17Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Time and resource demand for LCA of carsSituation today
Page 18Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Life Cycle Assessment Quality check
LCA result
modelledsystem
Study without sufficientsensitivity analysis
Resultsunstableif variedminor
modelledsystem
Resultsstable
if variedmajor
Study with sufficientsensitivity analysis
LCA result
Page 19Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Life Cycle Assessment Quality check
To derive reliable recommendations the following items have to be checked
Which factors are dominating the environmental profile ?
Which measures can be derived ?
Is the direction of recommendation the same while varying different parameters ?• Yes: Congratulation !• No: How can you assure that the dominating parameters will be achieved in reality ?
Which stakeholders are responsible for the realisation of the measures ?
Page 20Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Applications of Life Cycle Assessment
Product development Communication & Customer information
Page 21Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Application in the product developmentLightweight design
Is lightweight design always a good measure for the environment?
Page 22Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Greenhouse gas emissions [kg CO2e / kg material]
Carbon fibre
Steel
Aluminium
Magnesium
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Comparison of the greenhouse gas emission of materials Production (cradle-to-gate)
Materials are not comparable directly, because of
• different applications and functionalities
• just production will be analysed
Increasing lightweight potential
Increasing greenhouse gas emissions
Page 23Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
GH
G e
mis
sion
s[K
g C
O2-
eq.]
Intelligent lightweight design leads to less emissions during the lifecycle
conventionalintelligent lightweight design
Break-even
super lightweight design
Lightweight design throughout the lifecycle
Running distance [in km]Production Recycling
Page 24Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Environmentally friendly lightweight designLife Cycle Phase and
Main Actors MeasuresAspects
Production
(Supply Chain, OEM)
Energy demand Energy mix Secondary materials Process specific aspects
Reduction of energy demand CO2 reduced energy mix Enhanced usage of
secondary materials Optimized protecting agents
Use Phase
(OEM, Customer)
Realized fuel reduction bylightweight design Weight induced effect Secondary measures
(e.g.engine downsizing)
Lightweight measures haveto be assessed always in thecontext of the realized fuelreduction
End-of-Life
(Recycling Industry)
Recovery of materials High quality recycling
Collection systems Separation technology Enhanced quality of
secondary materials
Page 25Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Life cycle assessment as an environmental management tool Lightweight design
LCA is able to derive measurable technical targets for environmentally friendly light weight design, like e.g.
What weight reduction has to be realized in comparison to a reference car to achieve the ecological break even point during the use phase ?
How much CO2 can be saved during the production e.g. with closed-loop recycling ?
How much CO2 can be saved by lightweight secondary measures ?
Which amount of CO2 can saved with increased use of secondary materials ?
Page 26Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Communication and customer information
Environmental commendations of the brand Volkswagen
Page 27Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Environmental commendation for the brand Volkswagen
Concept Profile of the environmental performance over the entire life cycle
Point out the improvements in comparison to the predecessor
Specific technological highlights related to the environment
Requirements of the target groups Reliable: Certification according to ISO 14040/44.
Clear and understandable message: Environmental commendation
Comprehensive and transparent: Background report
Page 28Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Environmental Commendation Polo Highlights for our customers
Page 29Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Environmental Commendation Polo Results of the life cycle analysis
Page 30Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Environmental Commendation Polo Comparison with the predecessor
Page 32Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Environmental commendationCommunication
Environmental commendation as print media (english/german)• Dealernet in Germany/Europe• Fleet customers / Importers• Hotline: 0049 800-8977277
Online Platform (English/German)• www.environmental-commendations.com and www.umweltpraedikat.de
Page 33Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Conclusions for life-cycle assessment
Environmental friendly product development over the entire life cycle has to be integral part of the company environmental policy. must be applied in the early phase of the product development. supplies information for a technology comparison to support the decision-making
process. considers beyond climate change other environmental impacts to air, water and soil.
Life cycle assessment as an environmental management tool is able to derive measurable targets for the product development. can derive reliable and stable recommendations. is a useful basis for communication and customer information.
Page 35Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
0%
50%
100%
150%
200%
250%
300%
350%
400%
450%
500%
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
1. HJ 2
008
3. Q 20
08Okt
08
AlCuNiCoLi
Motivation – up- and downturns of resource pricesRelative Price Trends since 2000 Costs of Resources for Li-
Ion-Battery* [US$/kWh]
* NCA-Cathode
0
100
2000 1 H 2008 Okt 08
LiCoNiCu Al
50
Page 36Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Impact of New Technology on Resource DemandDemand of 6 Mio Electric Vehicles* relative to World Production of 2008 [%]
Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Manganese Copper Neodymium
demand battery cellsin magnets for e-
machines
battery, e-machine, periphery
100% equals worldproduction of respective
resource
0
50
100
150
200
250
Port
ion
of W
orld
Pro
duct
ion
2008
[%]
*22 kWh-battery
Page 37Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Method for detailed and long-term risk assessment of resources
particulary saving new technologieslike Light weight construction E-mobility
Goals
Page 38Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Indicator system for resource risk assessmentGoal: Identifying price and supply risks
* Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources
Cash Costs Supply and demand trends
Exploration
Invest
Market supply scenarios
Market power
Company concentration
(oligopoly)
GeostrategicRisks
Geographicdistribution / Country-
specific risks
35 %35 %
Supply and Demand
Market supply
Stocks
Utilization ratio of refinery / mines
1 2 3 4 5
Page 39Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Case study: resource risk assessment of E-mobility
moderate alarminguncriticalAssessment scale
5
4
4,5
7
3
4
5,5*1
5
3
4*2
8
5
1
1
Lithium
5. Supply and demand trends
1. Supply and demand – current status
Indicator CobaltLithium
4. Market power
3. Geostrategic risks
2. Cash costs
Neodymium
Page 40Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Lithium production from brinesMarket shares of lithium producers
Only 3 companies produce almost 90 % of all Lithium-Carbonate
Quelle: Roskill 2009
SQM (Chile)Chemetall
(Chile)
FMC (Argentinien)3 Produzenten
(China)6 %
Chemetall Foote(USA)
Chemetall
ChinaFMC
Chemetall Foote
SQM
Page 41Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
moderate alarminguncriticalAssessment scale
5
4
4,5
7
3
4
5,5*1
5
3
4*2
8
5
1
1
Lithium
5. Supply and demand trends
1. Supply and demand – current status
Indicator CobaltLithium
4. Market power
3. Geostrategic risks
2. Cash costs
Neodymium
Case study: resource risk assessment of E-mobility
Page 42Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
CerYttrium
LanthanPraseodym
Sonstige SEE
Geostratecic risk for neodymiumNeodym is part of the Rare Earth Elements (REE)
Source: USGS 2006/2009
95% of current production comes from China China imposes export quotas
1000
t R
EE-o
xide
Shares REE production
2008
Neodymium22.900 t
Dysprosium
Source: USGS2006, Asian Metal Ltd. 2008, BGR 2009
China
Page 43Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Conclusions for resource risk assessment
Resource risk assessment has two different targets
• reduction of economical and supply risks• reduction of ecological risks has to be managed by different tools dependent on the target (economy or ecology)
Ressource efficiency is defined in different ways dependent on the target
Page 44Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Conclusions for resource risk assessment
… and finally current LCIA methods for resource risk assessment such as ADP show strong linear
correlation to other categories such as GWP and therefore gives NO added value geological shortage of resources is relevant for energy resources whereas for mineral
resources there is no geological shortage economic risks are based on 4 areas
• demand and supply• cash costs• geostrategic risks• market power
Page 45Group Research Environmental Affairs Product
Contact
Volkswagen AG
Dr. Stephan Krinke
Head of Environmental Affairs Product
Letter box 011/1774
38436 Wolfsburg