environmental ci fallcomparison of all the fluorocarbons · 2015. 3. 30. · 2768 chiller emissions...
TRANSCRIPT
Environmental C i f AllComparison of All The Fluorocarbons
Dick GrantThe Fluorocarbons
Dick Grant
The latest assessment report from the Refrigeration, A/C and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee (RTOC) contains a great quote TheTechnical Options Committee (RTOC), contains a great quote. The assessment is part of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) review pursuant to Article 6 of the Montreal Protocol.
“8.4.2.7 Environmental Evaluation for Retention of HCFC-123 as a Refrigerant for Centrifugal Chillers
“R f i t HCFC 123 h f bl ll i t th“Refrigerant HCFC-123 has a favorable overall impact on the environment that is attributable to five factors:
(1) a low ODP (2) a very low GWP(3) a very short atmospheric lifetime(4) the extremely low emissions of current designs for HCFC-123 chillers(5) the highest efficiency of all current options(5) the highest efficiency of all current options
Based on integrated assessments, considering the tradeoffs between negligible impacts on stratospheric ozone and important benefits in
dd i l b l i th t di d id ti faddressing global warming, these studies recommend consideration of a phase-out exemption for HCFC-123.”
The Best Environmental Solution1. Low ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential)
2. Low GWP (Global Warming Potential)
3. High operating efficiency
4 Short atmospheric life4. Short atmospheric life
5. Low operating pressure
O D l ti P t ti l (ODP)Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)1
0.8
0.9
1
0 5
0.6
0.7
11=1
.0)
0.3
0.4
0.5
OD
P (R
-1
0.1
0.2
0CFC-11 CFC-12 HCFC-22 HCFC-
123HFC-134a
HFC-410A
HFC-407C
HFC-245fa
Global Warming Potential (GWP)Global Warming Potential (GWP)
12000
10000
12000
8000
O2=
1.0
)
4000
6000
GW
P (C
O
2000
0CFC-11 CFC-12 HCFC-22 HCFC-123 HFC-134a HFC-410A HFC-407C HFC-245fa
ODP versus GWPCFC-11
12113114115
HCFC-22123124124
141b142b
HFC-32125
134a143a152a
227ea236fa236fa245fa
ODP (relative to R 11) GWP (relative to CO )0.00.00.20.40.60.81.0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
ODP (relative to R-11) GWP (relative to CO2)J. M. Calm and G. C. Hourahan, “Refrigerant Data Summary,” Engineered Systems, 18(11):74-88, November 2001 (based on 1998 WMO and 2001 IPCC assessments) © JMC 2001
Water Cooled Chiller Efficiency (COP)Water Cooled Chiller Efficiency (COP)
6 6
6.8
6 2
6.4
6.6
5.8
6
6.2
CO
P
5.4
5.6
CFC-11 CFC-12 HCFC-22 HCFC-123 HFC-134a HFC-410A HFC-407C HFC-245fa
Atmospheric Half Life (Years)Atmospheric Half-Life (Years)
100
60
80
rs
40
Year
20
0CFC-11 CFC-12 HCFC-22 HCFC-
123HFC-134a HFC-
410AHFC-407C
HFC-245fa
Chiller Operating PressureChiller Operating Pressure
310.0
270.0 Off Line (72°F)
Condenser (100°F)
ure
(p
sig
)
230.0
190.0
Evaporator (38°F)
Off Line (72°F)
era
tin
g P
ress
u
150.0
110.0
Op
e
70.0
30.0
10 0-10.0
R-11 R-123 R-12 R-134a R-22 R-410A
2768
Chiller Emissions StudyNumber of Trane R-123 CenTraVacs 2768
Total Pounds of Charge 3,547,612 lbs
Total Pounds of Charge Added 16,229 lbs/yr
Annualized Total Loss Rate 0 4575 %Annualized Total Loss Rate 0.4575 %
The Trane CompanyThe Trane Company 1997 Survey Results
St d b t d i “I t Gl b l O d Cli ti “I t Gl b l O d Cli tStudy corroborated in “Impact on Global Ozone and Climatein “Impact on Global Ozone and ClimateFrom Use and Emission of (HCFCFrom Use and Emission of (HCFC--123)” By Calm, Wuebbles an Jain123)” By Calm, Wuebbles an Jain
The Future
Emissions
EnergyEfficiencyEfficiency
Focusing on Emissions and EfficiencyFocusing on Emissions and Efficiency is fundamental to doing what’s right
SummarySummary
The balanced approach to refrigerant selection is the best way to protect the environment
Ozone DepletionpGlobal WarmingEnergy EfficiencyShort atmospheric lifeLow pressure (low tendency for leakage)
For both environmental and economic benefit, focus on the highest possible energy efficiency and the lowest possible refrigerant emissionsp g
Important Technical Resources
Trane: http://www.trane.com/commercial/issues/environmental/
US EPA: http://www.epa.gov/Ozone/
US Green Buildings Council: http://www.usgbc.org/
E StEnergy Star: http://www.energystar.gov/
James M. Calm: http://www.jamesmcalm.com/
PAFT (Programme for Alternative Fluorocarbon Toxicity Testing): http://www.afeas.org/paft/