environmental and social framework - world bank · 2016. 7. 14. · framework (rpf), which has been...

E727March 2003

The United Republic of TanzaniaMINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY

Participatory Agricultural Development andEmpowerment Project (PADEP)

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL FRAMEWORK

Environmental Guidelines for PADEP

March 2003

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. BACKGROUND .................................................................. 11.1 Introduction ................................................................. l11.2 Project descrnption .................................................................. 1

2 SLTBPROJECT TYPOLOGIES AND THEIR POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............................................................... 3

2.1 Introduction and Background .................................................................. 32.2 Benefits of PADEP Subprojects .................................................................. 52.3 Environmental impacts of PADEP subprojects and proposed measures ............. 7

3. THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND APPROVAL PROCESSES FORPADEP SUBPROJECTS ................................................................. 21

4. GUIDLENES FOR INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS, TRAINING NEEDSAND COST ESTIMATES FOR MITIGATION MEASURES - PROCEDURESFOR COST ESTIMATE ................................................................. 34

5. PADEP SENSITIZATION MEETINGS AND LAUNCHING WORKSHOPS TOADDRESS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ................................................................. 35

6. COMPLIANCE OF PADEP ACTIVITIES WITH BOTH WORLD BANKAND TANZANIA'S POLICIES, GUIDELINES, LEGISLATION ANDREGULATIONS ................................................................. 37

6.1 Compliance with World Bank safeguard policies ............................................... 376.2 Compliance with Tanzania's environmental management policies ..................... 39

7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION PROCESS ................................................................. 41

Annex 1: Sample check lists for sub-projects .................................................................. 43

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AG Attorney GeneralASDS Agricultural Sector Development StrategyCADS Community Development SubprojectsCIS Community Investment SubprojectsCSC Community Subproject CommitteeDC District CommissionerDED District Executive OfficerDFT District Facilitation TeamDMT District Management TeamDoE Division of EnvironmentDPO District Project OfficerDPO District Project OfficerEIA Environmental Impact AssessmentEMP Environmental Management PlanEP Environmental PermitEP Environmental ProfileESMP Environmental Social Management and PlansEU European UnionFAO Food and Agricultural organizationFGIS Farmer Group Investment SubprojectsGDP Gross Domestic ProductGoT Government of TanzaniaIPM Integrated Pest ManagementIPNS Integrated Plant Nutrition Techniques/StrategiesIRA Institute of Resource ManagementLEAT Legal Environmental Action TeamMAC Ministry of Agriculture and CooperativesMAFS Ministry of Agricultural and Food SecurityMNRT Ministry o f Natural Resources and TourismMRALG Ministry of Regional Administration and Local GovernmentMRP Minjingu Rock PhosphateMW Ministry of WaterMWLD Ministry of Water and Livestock DevelopmentNEMC National Environmental Management CouncilNEP National Environment PolicyNGOs Non-Governmental OrganizationsNPSC National Technician Steering CommitteeNRT National Resource TeamNSSF National Social Security FundNTSC Natural Technician Steering CommitteeOD Operational DirectivePADEP Participatory Agricultural Development and Empowernent ProjectPCU Project Coordinating UnitPEP Provisional Environmental PermnitPLUM Participatory Land Use planning and ManagementPM Prime MinisterPOM PADEP Operation ManualPPP Policy, Plan or ProgrammePRA Participatory Rural Assessment

RC Regional CommissionerRDS Rural Development StrategyRPF Resettlement Policy FrameworkSC Subproject CommitteeSEA Strategic Environmental AssessmentSPC Subproject CycleT.S.A.E Tanzania Society of Agricultural EngineersTASAF Tanzania Social Action FundTRC Technical Review CommitteeUN United NationsUNCHS United Nations Commission for Housing and human settlementsVEOs Village Executive OfficersWB World BankWEO Ward Executive Officer

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report provides guidelines for assessing possible environmental and social impacts of the subprojects to befunded under the Participatory Agricultural Development and Empowerment Project (PADEP) The guidelinesprovide a framework for screening community and farmer groups subprojects to determine their environmentaland social impacts The guidelines furthermore show how determination should be made and appropriatemitigating measures incorporated into the subprojects report The main objective of PADEP is to raise theproduction of food, incomes, and assets of participating households and groups in a sustainable manner throughthe implementation of small agricultural development sub-projects planned and managed by groups ofcommunity members and farmers The project has two components (i) Community Agricultural DevelopmentSub-projects, and (ii) Capacity Building and Institutional Strengthening The total project cost is estimated to beUS$ 70 6 million equivalent, of which IDA will finance US$ 56.0 million, beneficiaries will contribute US$12 0 million, and Government (national and district councils) will provide US$ 2.6 million

The project will provide grants to communities and farmer groups for investment in agricultural developmentsubprojects, focusing primarily on improving soil fertility and land management, adopting sustainableagricultural technologies and increasing efficiency in inputs and outputs marketing. The soil fertility and landmanagement subprojects will included watershed management for soil and water conservation, conservationtillage and efficient use of inorganic fertilizers Similarly, under the adoption of sustainable agriculturaltechnologies, subprojects such as integrated plant nutrition techniques/strategies (IPNS), integrated pestmanagement, water harvesting techniques, improvement of traditional irrigation schemes, improved livestockproduction, introduction of non-traditional crops and rehabilitation of rural infrastructure will be undertakenFinally, subprojects aiming at increasing efficiency in input and output marketing like supply of farm inputs,rural processing of agricultural and livestock products as well as improvement of products marketing will befunded

There are several positive socio-economic and environmental impacts that are expected due to implementationof subprojects which are eligible for PADEP funding Amongst them are improved skills for farmers,improved soil fertility and better land management, higher degree of environmental awareness, increasedproductivity, increased land, soil and water conservation, improved soil structure due to the use of manure andorganic fertilizers, value added due to processing, and reduced post harvest losses through improvement of ruralstorage facilities Whilc beneficial subprojects are likely to represent a substantial portion of overall PADEPfunded subprojects, it is recognised that negative environmental and social impacts are also likely to begenerated in the course of implementation of the aforementioned subprojeets In this report, the typicalcnvironmental and social impacts for each of the likely subprojects have been analysed, and mitigation measuresto be deployed have been proposed

Overall, PADEP which is a comniunity driven development (CDD) project is classified as Category B projectHowever, since the subprojccts to be supported by PADEP are small and because rural people will be the driversof the subprojects, the process of environmental and social screening has been made simple and informativeThe process will consist of the following steps preparation of environmental profiles, assigning category to asubproject, scooping and public consultations, conducting environmental assessment, review and approval ofenvironmental assessment reports, and disclosure and appeal procedures These steps have been described indetails to enable districts and communities understand the process involved An environmental and socialchecklist by subproject types has been included to assist district facilitation teams, communities and farmergroups in the screening process The environmental screening process, therefore, will include questionspertaining to safeguard policy requirements The subsequent EA work will be carried out based on thescreening results and related recommendations on subproject's category For example, as a result of theenvironmental screening process, the resulting EA work may also require a subproject-specific PestManagement Plan based on Integratcd Pest Management approaches, or Resettlement Action Plan If the later isbeing prepared as a result of the EA work, the RAP will be a separate document and disclosed separately afterbeing cleared by NEMC and the Bank

The environmental assessment (including social and socio-economic aspects) itself will follow a number ofsteps, including impact assessment - based on screening and scoping exercise, analysis of alternatives - toenhance the design of a subproject, including do nothing alternative, predictions - to provide information on thepotential implication of the proposed subproject, evaluation ofsigniflcance - to determine the predicted ormeasured change in an environment and social attributes, identify mitigation measures - to reduce adverseenvironmental and social impacts, and public consultations - with affected or interested groups and NGOsduring screening, scooping and preparation of ToR and EA report

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The review and approval of Category B environmental assessment report, which includes social aspects will bedone by the National Environmental Management Council (NEMC), or an agency accredited by NEMC, whichis responsible for EIA clearance in Tanzania The EA report will include a section on the Environmental andSocial Management Plan (ESMP) For subprojects which are likely to increase pest problems, a subproject-specific Pest Management Plan (PMP) based on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) will be prepared Insubprojects that are expected to introduce changes in access to land or changes in ownership and use of land andproperty, a concise Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) will be prepared according to the Resettlement PolicyFramework (RPF), which has been disclosed separately

The institutional arrangements will seek to promote and enhance efficiency, effectiveness, transparency andaccountability, reduce red tape and bureaucracy. Instead, they will aim at strengthening communityparticipation, empowerment and ownership of processes leading to the subprojects The Community SubprojectCommittee (CSC) and Farmer Groups Subproject Committee (FGSC) will be responsible for overseeing thepreparation of EA reports and implementation of agreed mitigation measures for community investments (CIS)and farmer groups investments (FGIS) subprojects, according to the environmental and social plan (ESMP),Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) and projcct-specific Pest Management Plan (PMP) The District FacilitationTeam (DFT) will be responsible for assisting the communities in preparing their specific ToRs and EA reportsand developing ESMP and RAP plans The DFT will also monitor and supervise the implementation of theseplans and report progress back to PADEP. At national level, PADEP/Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security(MAFS) Environmental Assessment Unit will be responsible for developing the generic Terms of Reference(ToRs) for EA, capacity building and backstopping of districts and supervision of implementation of ESMP,RAP and project-specific PMP based on IPM

Resources will be made available for training of MAFS EU staff, DFT and communities to identify and addressenvironmental and social issues of the subprojects The costs of capacity building for environmental assessmentand social aspects shall be part of the component 2 of the project The estimated costs of undertaking training inenvironmental and social assessment will be determined according to the needs assessment The EnvironmentalAssessment and Social aspects training manual prepared by NEMC will provide the basis for developingproject-specific modules Training on Bank safeguards will be added into the modules prepared by PADEPconsultant

Public understanding about the proposed subprojects and their possible environmental and social impacts will bekey to their successful implementation These environmental and social issues shall therefore be fully coveredin the participatory asscssment Ieading up to selection of the proposed subprojects, and in subsequent designThe District Facilitation Team (DFT) shall be fully prepared to lead public discussion of environmental andsocial issues In order to raise awareness of communities about the potential environmental and social impactsof PADEP funded activities, a number of sensitisation meetings will be held These will include meeting withvillage leaders, village assembles, workshops to launch implementation of mitigation plans and seminars todiscuss various environmental and social assessment themes PADEP will design communication strategy toenhance consultations This will include the right choices of the agenda of meetings, launching workshops andseminars, media for message delivery; cultural considerations, and publicity or advocacy activities

PADEP will ensure that the World Bank environmental and social safeguard polices are adhered to Thesafeguard policies that are triggered by the proposed PADEP project are OP/BP 4 01 EnvironmentalAssessment, OP 4 09 Pest Management, OP 4 12 Involuntary Resettlement, and OP 7.50 Projects onInternational Watenvays To the cxtent that subprojects trigger World Bank safeguard policies, subproject-specific safeguard documentation, such as subproject PMPs, subproject Dam Safety Measures and subprojectRAP will be prepared

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PADEP Environmental Assessment

1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

1.1 Introduction

Environmental Assessment (EA) is a process used to evaluate projects' potential environmental risksand impacts in the area of influence, examines project alternatives, identifies ways of improving projectselection, siting, planning, design, and implementation by preventing, minimizing, mitigating, orcompensating for adverse environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts, and includes the

process of mitigating and managing adverse environmental impacts throughout project implementationWhenever feasible, preventive measures are favoured over mitigatory or compensatory measures

This report provides guidelines for assessing possible environmental and social impacts of thesubprojects The guidelines indicate how projects should be screened to determine their environmentaland social impacts The guidelines furthermore show how determination should be made andappropriate mitigating measures incorporated into the subprojects report. The guidelines specify

institutional responsibilities for undertaking environmental assessment including the social aspects,

implementation of preventive, mitigatory or compensatory measures, and monitoring and evaluationThe guidelines also set out the criteria according to which a project would be disqualified for support as

a result of likely environmental or social impact

1.2 Project description

The Government of Tanzania with assistance from the World Bank has prcpared the "ParticipatoryAgricultural Development and Empowerment Project (PADEP)" The main objective of the project is

to raise the production of food, incomes, and assets of participating households and groups in at least

840 villages in a sustainable manner through the implementation of small agricultural developmentsub-projects planned and managed by groups of community members and farmers This objective willbe achieved by (i) empowering self-selected rural communities and farmers' groups to make decisionsregarding choice of sustainable and remunerative productive technology, (ii) sharing of costs by thepublic sector and participants, and hence sharing the risk of adoption of improved technologies, againfor self-selected participants, (iii) enhancing demand for products and services provided by the private

sector in rural areas by increasing the purchasing power of participating groups and encouraging thegrowth of savings, (iv) promoting improved land and crop husbandry practices by participants, (v)supporting the ongoing decentralization process at the district level, and (vi) partially financingmaintenance and/or construction of roads, bridges, and other small sub-projects to improve access tomarkets

The project has two components. (i) Community Agricultural Development Sub-projects, and (ii)Capacity Building and Institutional Strengthening The total project cost is estimated to be US$ 70 6

million equivalent, of which IDA will finance US$ 56.0 million, beneficiaries will contribute US$12 0 million, and Government (national and district councils) will provide US$ 2 6 million

Component 1: Community Agricultural Development Sub-projects

This project component will consist of (a) Community Investment Sub-projects (CIS), and (b) FarmerGroup Investment Sub-projects (FGIS). The aim of this component is to empower rural communities

and farmer groups to make decisions to improve their economic well-being and to act on them

Village Councils and organized farmers' groups will have the primary responsibility for usingparticipatory approaches in implementing small-scale investment activities supported by the project,

including identification, undertaking environmental assessment, planning of subprojects,implementation of technical recommendations, local procurement of inputs, contracting of serviceproviders and monitoring and evaluation The project will build capacity of local authorities,

communities and farmers' groups by conducting tailor-made basic training in participatorymethodologies (PRA), sub-project cycle, basic financial and procurcment skills, participatorymonitoring and evaluation (PM&E), environmental and social assessments, and HIIV/AIDS awarenessand prevention.

A community is defined as a single village, or a significant portion thereof, with a commoninvestment interest Thus a community sub-project would be any investment that draws public


interest and brings common benefits A "Farmer Group" is defined as a small group (10 - 40households) of the same village in which members have voluntarily agreed, with endorsement of theirVillage Council, to engage in an investment sub-project that introduces technological innovationPossible sub-projects include soil fcrtility and better land management (watershed management forsoil and water conservation, restoration of soil fertility using rock phosphate, conservation and notillage techniques, and fuel efficiency technologies - biogas), agricultural investments andtechnologies (integrated plant nutrition strategy (IPNS), integrated pest management (IPM), rainwaterharvesting, improvement of traditional schemcs, production of non-traditional crops and improvedlivestock), and input-output marketing (production of organic fertilizers, primary processing of cropand livestock products, contract farming etc ) Criteria for approval of sub-projects will includegender balance, sustainability and empowerment of rural communities.

In order to share risks involved in adopting new improved technologies, efforts of communities andfarmers' groups will be complemented with direct transfers of financial resources to them (throughlocal governments) on a matching-grant basis This will allow them to shop and compare pricesamong several suppliers of goods and services needed to implement their sub-projects Mechanismsfor community-driven development will be introduced in a phased manner, to allow for improvementsin the course of project implementation

Before implementing the sub-projects, each Village Council or farmer group committee will undergoa participatory planning process to identify key challenges and practical ways to overcome them Thesub-projects thus derived will then be costed and the implied share of the cost to the beneficiaries,including mitigation measures for the likely environmental problems made clear If the beneficiarieswish to undertake the project, it will be submitted for approval to the District Facilitation Team (DFT)of the District Authority. With each participating community or farmers group, the cycle of sub-projects will unfold over three years The initial year will be devoted to capacity building, PRA, andidentification of the sub-projccts The second and third years will be devoted to implementation

For CIS, beneficiaries will contribute (labour, materials or in cash) at least 20% of total sub-projectcosts and the project will contribute the difference up to a maximum of US$ 35,000 equivalent pervillage For FGIS, the project will contribute in cash 50% of the cost of consumable inputs (seeds,fertilizers, and plant protection chemicals) up to US$ 25 equivalent per household per year for amaximum of 2 years, and up to US$ I 1,000 equivalent per village The total project contribution forCIS and FGIS subprojects per village will be US$ 46,000 equivalent. This amount includes all costsrelated to preventive or mitigation measures of environmental and social problems due toimplementation of the chosen subprojects. The project will also contribute up to 80% of other costs,up to a maximum of US$ 750 equivalent per FGIS Other costs might cover, for example, advisoryserviecs for effective marketing, repair of access roads, small infrastructure for grading or sorting, andother activities Farmers participating in the group invcstment sub-projects will be required to have asavings account and to deposit their 50% share into the account prior to receiving the matching grantAt the end of the first year, they will be required to deposit a portion of the value of the initial grant,plus another 50% down payment on the second year's cost of consumable inputs. In this way, farmerswill build up savings adequate to sustain use of the technology at the completion of the sub-projectcycle They will also build up a relationship with a local bank and with input dealers

Component 2: Capacity Building and Institutional Strengthening

This component enhances the institutional and human capacity to ensure that the sub-projects chosenare adequately considered in key dimensions, including environmental, economic, and social, andimplemented with acceptable quality

At the community/village level the project will finance technical assistance and training tovillage/farmer groups committee members with the aim to support preparation, implementation,monitoring and evaluation of sub-projects. Specific training needs will be identified during the PRAprocess, and will include environmental and social assessment, and managerial and technical issuesrelevant to the success of the subprojects. Basic business skills, such as bookkeeping andmanagement of business relations with providers of services and inputs will be included Grants of upto US$ 5,000 equivalent would be provided for capacity building to communities after they complete

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the PRA exercise Resources will be used for need-based and "just in time" technical assistance andtraining, particularly at the local levels, and to hire in advisory services as needed

In all participating district councils the project will support training to upgrade capacities inparticipatory planning methodologies, project implementation, monitoring and evaluation, financialand procurement management skills, environmental and social assessments, and public-privatepartnership in service delivery Staff of the district councils will also undergo training to enable themguide communities and farmers' groups as needed Technical assistance will be provided in thepreparation of District Agricultural Development Plans (DADPs), which are integral part of theoverall District Development Plans (DDPs) Under this component conditional block grants to thedistricts will be in cash in the amount of US$ 175,000 equivalent for three years The DistrictCouncils will contribute 10% (US$ 17,500 equivalent) Planning for the use of these funds will be theresponsibility of the District Councils through the DFTs

Support of the project at national level will include funding for capacity building in key entities and foradditional analytical work to underpin ongoing reforms The capacities of national institutionsresponsible for policy analysis and regulatory functions, such as planning, monitoring and evaluation,seed agency and plant protection units will be strengthened through training, technical assistance andprovision of rcquired equipment. The project will also finance various policy studies aiming atreviewing, harmonizing and rationalizing agricultural taxes, levies and fees on crop and livestock sub-sectors Other studies to be supported will cover surveys of sectoral performance and beneficiaryassessments The project will support further development and updating of the agricultural sectormonitoring and evaluation system, and improvement of its management information system (MIS) Inaddition, the project will support the implementation of the Seed Act (2000) and the Plant BreedersRight Act (2002), which provide the regulatory framework for seed industry, including theestablishment of Seed Executive Agency. The project will carry out the rehabilitation of fourstrategically located soil testing laboratories, provide the required laboratory chemicals and equipment,including soil-testing kits for on-site soil diagnosis Finally, the project will finance the nationalcoordination and facilitation unit operating costs Overall, the national level capacity building andinstitutional strengthening support budget amounts to US$ 8 9 million equivalent

The framework for environmental and social management under the PADEP project is intended tosafeguard the health and resources of rural people in a way that is simple enough to be implementedwithin the context of a community driven developmental initiative. The administrative procedures aretherefore simple but sufficient to accomplish the desired objective.

2. SUBPROJECT TYPOLOGIES AND THEIR POTENTIALENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

2.1 Introduction and Background

In the PADEP Guidelines for Preparation and Implementation of Community AgriculturalDevelopment Subprojects it is indicated that community and farmer group agricultural investmentswould focus on the following thematic areas

* Soil fertility and better land management* Agricultural technologies

* Inputs and outputs marketing

The types of likely projects eligible for financing under this categorization, with some examples, arepresented in Table 2 1 This list is not exhaustive

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Table 2.1: Types of possible projects eligible for financing by PADEP

Type Possible subprojects ExamplesSoil fertility and Watershed management for Construction of contours, protection of gullies,better land soil and water conservation construction of terraces, agro-forestry, establishingmanagement and enforcing by-laws, bulking of seed/plant

materials required for agro-forestry, woodlotestablishment, promotion of gender awareness insoil and water conservation

Conservation tillage Improved fallows, use of cover crops, use of farmimplements for soil and water conservation,practices to control soil erosion, use of greenmanure

Efficient use of inorganic Use of rock phosphate, use of high analysisfertilizers fertilizers

Fuel efficient technology Biogas technology that utilizes manure andrcduces use of fuel to safeguard forests

Agricultural Increase productivity Use of organic manure in combination withtechnologies mineral fertilizers, production and use of bio-

fertili7ers

Integrated plant nutrition Use of organic manure in combination withtechniques/strategies (IPNS) mineral fertilizers, production and use of bio-

f-rtd-orc

Integrated pest management Observation, prcventive and intervention methods(IPM) in crops, particularly vegetable and fruit

productionSafe use of pesticides in combinations withimproved management related to IPM approaches

Increased use of labour saving Use of farm implements, such as ox-drawntechnologics ploughs, ridgers, rippers, weeders, power tillers

and use of herbicides, etcUse of rainwater harvesting Rainwater harvesting for irrigation, domestic andtechniques livestock use, such as chaco dams, water bunds in

rice irrigation, etc

Improvement of traditional Rehabilitation of weirs, irrigation canals andirrigation schemes construction of division boxes

Improvement in livestock Dairy animals, pig production, poultry,production improvement of indigenous livestock, construction

and rehabilitation of cattle dips, etc

Production of non-traditional Production of mushrooms, vanilla, fruits, and othercrops diversification initiatives in agriculture

Rehabilitation of infrastructure Rehabilitation of soil testing laboratories, ruralroads, bridges, storage facilities and other ruralinfrastructure


Input/output Supply of farm inputs Input shops at farm level, etcmarketing

Initial processing of Oil processing, cassava processing, rice milling,agricultural and livestock processing of cashew nuts, small fruits andproducts vegetable processing units, processing of dairy

products, etc

Improvement of crop produce Establishment of village marketing centres,marketing construction of market yards, grain storage, group-

led grain marketing, etc

Source PADEP - Guidclincs for Prcparation and Implementation of Community AgriculturalDevelopment Projects (draft)

Many subprojccts funded by PADEP can have positive impacts on the surrounding environment ifthey are well designed and implemented Watershed management, for example, can enhance soil andwater conservation, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) can prevent increased use of pesticides throughuse of other measures to keep pest populations low For example, breeding and cultural practices areused to make thc cnvironment less hospitable to pcsts and to keep the crop hcalthy and resistant ortolerant to attack Other subprojccts arc also expected to produce positive socio-economic andenvironmental impacts, which include, based on the type of projects eligible for PADEP funding

* Improved skills for farmers* Improved soil fertility and better land management in general* Higher degree of environmental awareness* Increased production per unit area, with reduced pressure to expand area* Expected increased income and higher living standards, including better housing, better

nutrition* Strengthened farmers' groups and organizations* Improved gender awareness* Improved Land, soil and water conservation practices* Increase in soil fertility through use of livestock manure and other organic matter* Value added produce through processing and better marketing strategies* Forest conservation through use of fuel efficient technologies

2.2 Benefits of PADEP Subprojects

Environmentally beneficial projects arc likely to represent a substantial portion of PADEP subprojectsThe benefits of this type of subprojects arc long-tcrm rather than short-term, and will not be limited tothe membcrs of village community. Below are a few exampics of environmentally beneficialsubprojects that will be financed by PADEP.

* Watershed managementfor soil and iwater conservation The primary advantage of watershedbased management for soil and water conscrvation is that it provides the link betwcen theresources and the system that gencrates and modifies them. Watershed forms a ncstedhierarchical system of units, which link the smallest hill slop to the local, district and regionalwatershed The linkages of the watcrshed to runoff generation also provide for the necessaryintegration of water quantity managemcnt with planning for water quality and erosion andsedimentation control

* Conservation tillage This offcrs numerous benefits. Added crop residue and minimal tillageboth provide the effect of drastically reducing runoff of soil and agrochemicals The rcsult isto minimize impact on the water ecosystem Conservation tillage main benefits are decreasedcrosion, improved water quality, better long tcrm production, higher soil moisture, improvedwater infiltration, decreased soil compaction, improved soil tilt, more biological activity,reduced rcleasc of carbon gases and reduced air pollution Reducing and climinating tillagehclps increase soil fertility Residue left on the soil not only serves in the capacity of soilconservation it also adds organic matter to the soil as it decomposes. Soil fertility, tilt, andstructure are improved by conservation tillage practices

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PADEP Environmcntal Assessment

* Fuel efficient technology Biogas is one of the fuel-efficient technologics, which will bepromoted by PADEP as one of the subprojects The main positivc impacts of biogastechnology includc (i) conservation of the forest resource as a result of decreased use of fuelwood which will also result in carbon sequestration by reduction in the cutting of the forest,(u) renewable source of encrgy, (iii) reduces workload on the part of women to collect fuelwood, (iv) cheaper when compared to kerosene, (iv) promotes a nutrient cycling strategyConsidering the biogas technology as gas generation and slurry production for soilconditioning purposes, it becomes apparent that it produces positive impacts at farm andpublic lcvels as shown in Table 2 2 below

Table 2.2: Positive impacts from biogas at farmer and public levels

Farmers' interests Public interestsQuality improvement of organic Rcduction of pollutantsfertilizcr/rcduction of mineral fertilizer Reduction of odour

Risk of increased NH4 Positivc impact on resource protectionReduction of the usc of pesticides Positive impact on climate protectionStabilization & improvement of soil Compared to other fuels positive emissionfertility/reduction of desertification behaviour of biogas

* Integrated plant nutrition techmzques/strategies (IPNS) The strategy optimises all aspects ofnutrient cycling - supply, uptake, and loss to the environment - to improve food productionAt farm level, IPNS aims to optimise the productivity of nutrient flows that pass through thefarming system during a crop rotation This means application of external plant nutrientsources and amendments, cfficient processing, and recycling of crop residues and on-farmorganic wastes that limit plant nutrient losses In the process, IPNS empower farmers byincreasing their technical know-how and decision-making capacity, and promote changes inland use, crop rotation, and interactions among forestry, livcstock and cropping systems insupport of agricultural intensification At village or farming community level, IPNS take intoaccount plant nutrient sources outside cropped areas, including those in irrigation water andflood sediments, livestock manure, and forest litter and organic material that is physicallytransferred from forest and pastures IPNS promotes rationalization in the transfer of organicmatter and plant nutrients from non-cropped to cropped areas, and the mobilization of unusednutrient resources or the saving of valuable nutrient sources diverted as domestic fuel, rawmaterials for building or for industrial purposes

* Integrated pest management (IPM) This has broad application since it integrates managementof all pests, it is a holistic approach, ecologically based and can be applied to any ecosystemIPM integrates multiple pest management tactics (chemical, biological, cultural, mechanical)and management of multiple pests (insects, weeds, disease pathogens, nematodes, vertebrates,etc) IPM incorporates environmental and social concerns. The main goals of IPM are sustainrcsource (agricultural and natural over the long term), more rational use of pesticides, reduceenvironmental contamination and costs, utilize natural biological controls, minimize pesticidesresistance problems, food safety (reduce residues of pesticides on food products) and workersafety (rely on pest management tactics that are safe for workers)

* Use of rain hatvesting techniques High intensity rains commonly cause devastating effects onthe environment particularly in areas of low or no vegetation Runoff arising from rainwateroften causes erosion with subsequent land degradation and sometimes scts the desertificationprocess in motion Prcvcnting and mitigating soil erosion may achieve environmentalconservation One method to achieve this is through runoff control by rainwatcr harvestingmethods Surface catchment is the most effective among the rainwater harvesting methods thatcould mitigate the possible environmental hazards caused by rain.

* Rehabilitation of infrastructure. High marketing costs are partly related to the poor ruralinfrastructure, including poor condition of roads, lack of bridges on some rivers and streamsand poor storage facilities By supporting the rchabilitation of these rural infrastructure,PADEP will be able to reduce transaction costs, through linking rural producer to the urbanmarkets, and reducing post harvest losses Reduced transportation costs due to accessibility of

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rural areas will increase profit margins of various crops produced by farmers, hencc contributeto reduction of rural poverty Loss of soil fertility has been identified by the Soil FertilityInitiative document as the biggest threat to smallholdcr agricultural development Bysupporting rehabilitation of strategically located soil testing laboratories, technical serviceswould be readily available to districts and communities, on demand-driven basis

The PADEP may also generate environmental benefits through a variety of other mechanisms,including:

* Improved awareness and concern for environmental issues on the part of beneficiaries, localcommunities and districts

* Training of environmental specialists, thus increasing the availability of staff conversant withenvironmental issues within PADEP and districts

* Generation of environmental assessment guidelines that are then used by other institutions orline ministries and districts, or are adopted by the National Environmental ManagementCouncil (NEMC) for enhancing environmental proccdures

* Improvement of tradition irrigation schemes* Improved livestock production* Introduction of non-traditional crops

2.3 Environmental impacts of PADEP subprojects and proposed mitigation measures

Subprojects may have impacts that change environmental characteristics of the project area, and theseimpacts may be ambiguous or negative in their effects The environmental screening process,therefore, will include questions pertaining to safeguard policy requirements The subsequent EA workwill be carried out based on the screening results and related recommendations on subproject'scategory For example, as a result of the environmental screening process, the resulting EA work mayalso require a subproject-specific Pest Management Plan based on Integrated Pest Managementapproaches

2.3.1 Watershed management of soil and water conservation

The project will support watershed management for soil and water conservation subprojects, includingconstruction of contours and terraces, protection of gullies, bulking of seed/planting materials requiredfor agro-forest, establishment of woodlot, enforcement of catchment management by-laws and creationof awareness in soil and water resources conservation Watershed management subprojects areundertaken for purposes consistent with sound environmental management, but they may also generateenvironmental impacts that warrant mitigation These include changes in land, water, morphologicaland physical characteristics, as well as quality and quantity of these resources, changes in naturalhabitats, loss of biodiversity or changes in biodiversity characteristics of both fauna and flora,infringement of property rights and possible intrusion on social/cultural resources, such asarchaeological sites and religious shrines

2.3.2 Conservation tillage

Examples of conservation tillage subprojects include improved fallows, use of cover crops, use of farmimplements for soil and water conservation, practices to control soil erosion and usc of green manureImpacts during conservation tillage are usually associated with management aspects Whileconservation tillage offers many advantages, it does require a change in agricultural practice If certainelements are not managed correctly, impact can occur Amongst these are soil and ground watercontaminations, river pollution, increased herbicide use, weed infested fields, increased use offertilizers, increased diseases, soil compaction, etc Table 2 4 summarizes possible impacts and theirmitigation measures The most important mitigation measures related to conservation tillage aredevcloping subproject-specific PMP based on IPM approaches, integrated weed management, properfertilization management, residue management, etc


Table 2.3: Typical Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Watershed Management for Soiland Water Conservation

Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation MeasuresComponentsPhiysical En vironminentSoils * Changes in Land, Water, * Awareness raisingWater Rcsources morphological and physical * Participatory land use planningAir Quality characteristic as well as and managemcnt (PLUM)

quality and quantity of * By-laws and their effectiveresources enforcement

a Joint management programmesBiological En vironmientNatural Habitats * Changes in natural habitats * Careful site selectionFauna and Flora * Loss of biodiversity - Use of indigenous plant

* Changes in biodiversity speciescharacteristics of both fauna/ ] Biodiversity Assessment andflora and ccosystems monitoring

* Developing subproject-specificEA and related EnvironmentalManagement Plan (EMP)

Social En vironlnentAesthetics and Landscape * Infringement on property * Awareness raisingHistorical/Cultural Sites rights a Provision of alternative incomeHuman Health * Possible intrusion on sourcesHuman Communitics physical/cultural resources e g. * Enforcement of by-laws

archaeological and religions * Compensation as pershrines provisions of the resettlement

policy framework

Table 2.4: Typical impacts and mitigation measures of conservation tillage

Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation MeasuresComponentsPlhysical EnvironlmenntSoils * Contamination of ground * Soil conservation measuresWater Resources water table and river * Fertilization managementAir Quality pollution * Proper residue management

* Enforcement of air qualitystandards

* Awareness raising

Biological En viroinnentFauna and Flora * Disturbance on ecological * Integrated weed management

functioning of farming * Promote Integrated pestsystems management approaches

* Proper residue management* Biodiversity assessment and

monitoring* Subproject-specific PMP

based on IPM approaches

"Social Environmenit"Aesthetics and Landscape * Loss of historical/cultural . Proper site selectionHistorical/Cultural Sites sites * Propose disease managementHuman Health * Reluctance to reduce * Awareness raisingHuman Communitics ploughing

8


2.3.3. Efficient use of inorganic fertilizers

There are three examples of possible subprojects on efficient use of fertilizers among the PADEP'spossible subproject types These are use of rock phosphate, use of high analysis fertilizers and use oforganic manure Table 2 5 summarizes the most frequently encountcred environmental impact,particularly for rock phosphate, related to mining and processing

In phosphorus-deficient soils, Minjingu rock phosphate (MRP) exploited from Manyara Region nearLake Manyara is as effective and profitable as imported triple super phosphate (TSP). Farmers areapplying 125-250 kg P/Ha as a capital investment, and expect a five-year residual effect A particularimportant environmental consideration in the case of Minjingu rock phosphate is dust, presence ofheavy metals and radionuclides MRP like other Rock Phosphate (RP) mines contains heavy metals Ofthe metals contained in MRP, Cadmium (Cd) reprcsents the grcatest concern because of the potentialhuman risks via transfers within the food chain The Cd level is considered low (9 mg/kg) and withinthe same range as those reported from other RP mines Despite this, there is a need to monitor the Cdlevels in soils as phosphate fcrtilizers are continuously being applied to soils With regard toradioactive materials, the levels of radionuclides are not much different from the levels found in otherRP mines

Table 2.5: Typical impacts and mitigation measures of efficient use of inorganic fertilizers

Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation MeasuresComponentsP/hysical Envirornt entSoils * Stalinization of soils * Conduct training onWater Resources * Contamination of safe use and handlingAir Quality groundwater * Use of high grade

* Pollution of surface water fertilizers* Heavy metals * Salinity monitoring* Dust * Use of masks to* Air pollution prevent inhaling of dust

* Stored and transportedin closed containers

* Bringing the moisturecontent to 7-8 percent

* Enforce air qualitystandards

Biological Eniviron,n entFauna and Flora * Promoting weed growth * Conduct training on

* Loss of natural plant and safe use of fertilizerswildlife habitats and species * Weed control, e g

* Increased pest problems through lining ofirrigation canals

* Biodiversityassessment andmonitoring

* Promoting IntegratedPest Management(IPM) approaches

* Developing subproject-specific PestManagement Plans(PMP)

Social EnvironmeentAesthetics and Landscape * Loss of natural recreational, * Land reclamationHistorical/Cultural Sites historical and archaeological * Disease survcillanceHuman Health sites * Provision of protective gearHuman Communities * Health risks . Proper screening of

* Increased use of labour- herbicidessaving technologies a Training on IPM

approaches


2.3.4 Fuel efficient technology

Fuel efficient (e g biogas technology subprojects) do not usually result in major impacts Table 2 6summarizcs the most frequently encountered environmental impacts of these types of subprojectsPADEP fuel-efficient technology subprojects will finance construction of biogas plants Biogassubprojects are likely to increase ammonia content of digestcd manure. Combined with a slightlyincreased pH will a higher risk of ammonia losses in treated slurry compared to untreated manureTherefore, digested slurry must be handled more carefully and farmers have to follow manure-handlinginstructions given by the extension service officers.

Table 2.6: Typical impacts and mitigation measures of fuel-efficient technology

Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation MeasuresComponentsPlhysical En vironin entSoils * Ground water pollution * Control surpluses of slurryWater Resources * Ammonia losses * Cover the soilAir Quality

Biological EnvironimenitNatural Habitats * Effect on vegetables and * Locate far from residentialFauna and Flora fodder settingsSocial En vironin eitAesthetics and Landscape * Odour complaints * Different design conceptHistorical/Cultural Sites * Lost income opportunity, * Build far from residentialHuman Health c g for charcoal traders housesHuman Communities * Provision of alternative

income sources

2.3.5 Increasing productivity

Use of organic manure in combination with mineral fertilizers, production and use of bio-fertilizers aresubproject activities supported by PADEP. Table 2.7 shows some typical impacts of these subprojects.All studies conducted in the country have indicated that the application of organic manures incombination with mineral fertilizer gives higher crop yield increases than when both are appliedseparately In addition, studies have concluded that Nitrogen and phosphorous applied in combinationhave resulted in significantly high yield. The potential impacts from these subprojects are salinizationof soil, contamination of surface and ground watcr, loss of plant specics

2.3.6 Integrated plant nutrition techniques/strategies (IPNS)

PADEP will support IPNS subprojects with the aim to address nutrient management, includingimproving organic matter in the soil, increasing plant available nitrogen, and combining organic andinorganic fertilizers These interventions have the potential to increase and sustain production levels,increase the economic potential of a production system, and counteract and minimize environmentalpollution However, the interactions between nutrient applications and other agricultural activities andthe likelihood of unforeseen problems such as environmental contamination of soil, surface and groundwater should be a great concern and a monitoring system with key indicators should be developedTable 2 8 summarizes typical impacts and mitigation measures of IPNS

10


Table 2.7: Typical impacts and mitigation measures of increasing productivity through use oforganic manure in combination with mineral fertilizers and bio-fertilizers

Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation MeasuresComponentsPhysical EnvironmentSoils * Salinization of soils * Conduct training on safe useWater Resources * Contamination/pollution of * Use of high gradc fertilizersAir Quality surface and groundwater * Salinity monitoring

* Integrated soil fertility* Management* Public awareness raising

Biological Enviro,i,nentFauna and Flora * Loss of plant species * Weed control measures, e g

* Promoting weed growth lining of irrigation canals* Incrcased pest problems * Biodiversity assessment and

monitoring* Promoting IPM approaches* Developing PMP which are

subproject-spccific

Social EnvironmenttAesthetics and Landscape Change of scenery * Awareness and training onHistorical/Cultural Sites * Health risks safc useHuman Health * Increased use of labour- * Promote high value cropsHuman Communities saving technologies * Provision of protective gear

* Proper screening ofherbicides

* Training in IPM approaches

Table 2.8: Typical impacts and mitigation measures of integrated plant nutrition techniques /strategies (IPNS)

Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation MeasuresComponents

Plhysical En vironim entSolis * Salinization of soils * Conduct training on safe useWater Resources * Contamination/pollution of * Use of high grade fertilizersAir Quality surface & groundwater * Salinity monitoring

* Integrated soil fertilityManagemcnt

Biological Environimenit * Loss of some plant specics * Scientific studies on plantnutrition

Fauna and Flora * Promoting weed growth

Social EnivironinentAesthetics and Landscape * Health risks * Awareness and training onHistorical/Cultural Sites safe useHuman Health * Promote high value cropsHuman Communitics * Provision of protective gear

2.3.7 Integrated pest management (IPM)

PADEP will finance subprojccts aimed at promoting safe use of pesticides in combinations withobservation, preventive and intervention methods in crops, particularly vegetable and fruit productionAccording to FAO definition, an IPM is a pest management that in the context of the associatedenvironment and the population dynamics of pest species, utilizes all suitable techniques and methodsin as compatible a manner as possible and maintains pest population at levels below those causingeconomically unacceptablc damage or loss Therefore, an IPM involves a combination of variousmeasures to ensure effcctive pest management without disturbing the ecosystem, reduce environmentalpollution and eliminate direct and indirect health hazards to human beings Due to changes in project

11


design, PADEP has now become dcmand-driven, hence subsequent to the screcning procedures, eachsubproject will have its own case-specific Pest Management Plan based on IPM approaches. The PMPprepared in 2001 will be re-formulated and used as a guide/reference document in the preparation ofsubprojcct-specific PMPsTable 2 9 summarizes typical impacts and mitigation measures of IPM Most of 1PM methods havelittle or no impacts at all, especially use of botanical pesticidcs like neem trees, biological control, suchas concinellid beetles, intercropping, rcsistance varieties, etc Typical negative impacts include soilcontamination, water resources pollution, loss of animal and plant species

Table 2.9: Typical impacts and mitigation measures of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation MeasuresComponentsPlhysical EnivironinentSoils * Soil contamination * Adherence to provisions ofWater Resources * Water rcsources pollution the subproject-specific pestAir Quality management plan

* Awareness and training* Treatment/purification of

water for domestic use* Provision of safe watering

points/structures for livestock* Adopt leaching techniques

Biological EnvironinentFauna and Flora * Loss of animal and plant * Conduct Biodiversity

species assessment and monitoring* Aggravating pest problems .

due to increased pesticides a Effective screening ofresistance pesticides entering the

market* Promoting and adopting IPM

approaches to pest control* Developing PMPs which are

subproject-specifica Enhanced rcsearch and

extension support servicesSocial EnivironimentAesthetics and Landscapc Health risks * Awareness and training onHistorical/Cultural Sites safe handling of pcsticidesHuman Health * Pesticide-related hazardsHuman Communities adequately addressed

* Enforcement of by-laws* Clean-up and disposal to

appropriate land fills

2.3.8 Increased use of labour saving technologies

PADEP will support labour saving technologies, such as use of farm implements, such as ox-drawnploughs, ridgers, rippers, weeders, power tillers, etc. The objective of supporting these subprojects is toincrease the marginal labour productivity in the existing smallholder farms. The project will notsupport use of labour saving technologies to open up new areas Tabie 2 10 summarizes typical impactsand mitigation measures of increased usc of labour saving technologies. The potential impacts of theinappropriate use of labour saving technologies are loss of soil fertility, loss of water sources and airand noise pollution Therc is also loss of plant and animal species due to the use of non-selectiveherbicides, accidents to human beings and potential land use conflicts.

2.3.9 Use of rainwater harvesting techniques

Rainwater harvesting for irrigation, domestic and livestock use, such as chaco dams, water bunds inrice irrigation, etc are interventions supported by PADEP. Table 2 11 summarizes typical impacts andmitigation measures of increased use of rainwatcr harvesting techniques Potential environmentalimpacts of rainwater harvesting techniques are land degradation at livestock watering points,

12


contamination of stored watcr, water and land use conflicts, loss of natural habitats, loss of fauna andflora, etc

Table 2.10: Possible impacts and mitigation measures of increased use of labour-savingtechnologies

Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation MeasuresComponentsPhtysical Environ inentSoils a Loss of soil fertility * Employ farm managementWater Resources * Soil compaction, principlesAir Quality deterioration of structure * Use of appropriate

* Soil and water technologycontamination duc to * Awareness raising andherbicides use training in herbicidcs use

and handling methods* Effective screcning of

herbicides used by farmersBiological En vironim entFauna and Flora * Loss of plants species due to * Biodiversity assessment and

use of non-selective weed monitoringkillers/herbicides * Participatory land - use

planning from the grass rootlevels

* Training on proper use andhandling of herbicides

* Use of selectivc herbicidesSocial En vironimenitAesthetics and Landscape * Gender inappropriateness, * Participatory land-useHistorical/Cultural Sites e g increasing of women's planning at all levelsHuman Health burden * Rccognition of indigenousHuman Communities * Land use conflicts knowledge

* Accidents due to farm a Adherence to safetymachinery operations regulations on herbicides

* Accidents due to unsafe handlinghandling of herbicides * Enforcement of by-laws

goverming screening ofherbicides

* Gender awareness inselection of technology

2.3.10 Improvement of traditional irrigation schemes

PADEP will finance the rehabilitation of weirs, irrigation canals, drainage systems and construction ofdivcrsion boxes PADEP will not finance the construction of new irrigation schemes Irrigation anddrainage systems will be designed to manage water for enhancing agriculturc production There is awide range of irrigation schemes, which can accommodate many variations in the source, andavailability of water, types of climate, and form of agriculture (e.g. rivers and streams, undergroundwater, rainwatcr, reservoirs etc ) However, since most of the traditional irrigation schemes inTanzania draw water from rivers and streams, PADEP support primarily the improvement of openirrigation and drainage canals Rehabilitation of weirs will involve appropriately designed system toprovide effective and cfficient supply of water Rehabilitation of earth canals will include excavationand carthworks If subprojects will involve rehabilitation of chacos or small dams, subproject-specificdam safety analysis in addition to subproject-specific EA will be carried out consistent with the Bank'ssafeguard policy.

Table 2 12 summarizes the most frequently encountercd environmental impacts of small-scaleirngation and minor civil works subprojects Irrigation subprojects often intensify agriculturalproduction in the irrigation zone and environmcntal problems may result from increasing use andconcentrations of agrochemicals Such agricultural intensification can also cause accelerated nutrientloading of receiving waters, resulting in algae blooms, proliferation of aquatic weeds, and

13


deoxygenation Other impacts from irrigation subprojects include water logging and salinization ofsoils, degradation of downstream surface water systems, and biotic and chemical changes to aquaticecosystcms Abstiactions of water from dams or rcservoirs havc the potential to cause significanthydrological disturbances Diverting water from river systems, especially during seasonal low flows,can cause changes to riverine ecology, fisheries, and aquatic vegetation Irrigation schemes may alsocause an increase in watcrborne diseases, because disease vectors proliferate in Irrigation canals undersome circumstances If canals are not properly maintained, animal and human waste may be depositedinto irrigation systems and spread communicable diseases. The incidence of schistosomiasis, malaria,and onchocerciasis has increased in some irrigation schemes in Tanzania due to poor drainage systems

Social problems may arise because of multiple demands for limited water resources Water right issucscause disruption of historical land use practices Conflicting dcmands for watcr and incquities indistribution can also cause problems

Table 2.11: Typical impacts and mitigation measures of increased use of rainwater harvestingtechniques

Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation MeasuresComponentsPhtysical EnvironmentSoils * Siltation due to erosion * Awareness & training onWater Resources * Land degradation at safe handling and storage ofAir Quality livcstock watcring points water

* Contamination of stored * Disinfection of water sourceswater * By-laws and their effective

* Water and land usc conflicts enforcement* Potential floods during * Adherence to water rights by

heavy rains irrigators associations* Enforcement of water rights

by Basin Water Officers* Provision of safe watering

points/structurcs forlivestock

a Participatory planning* Erosion control measures at

the watering points* Prepare and have in place

contingency/emergencyplans

* Dam safety analysis inaddition to EA of subproject

Biological Environ,, enitFauna and Flora * Loss of natural habitats * Awareness & training on

* Loss of Fauna and Flora safe handling and storagespecies * Careful sitc selection

* Increased pest problems a Planting trecs and other* Introduction of alicn wceds vegetation around chaco

species dams* Biodiversity assessment and

monitoring* Developing subproject-

specific EA and relatedEnvironmental ManagementPlan (EMP)

* Develop weed monitoringplan and control measures

Social En viroin enitAesthetics and Landscape * Change of scenery * Participatory planningHistorical/Cultural Sites * Health hazards e g malaria, * Alternative income sourcesHuman Hcalth schistosomiasis and other * Awareness raising to avoidHuman Communities related diseases. accidents and provide basic

* Child accidents knowledge on methods of

14

PADEP Environmcntal Asscssment

Infringement on property preparing clean waterand access rights * Use of treated mosquito nets

* Improved drainage systems* Compensation as per

provisions of the RPF

Table 2.12: Typical impacts and mitigation measures of improvement of traditional irrigationschemes

Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation MeasuresComponentsPhlysical EnivironiiatentSoils * Introducing salinity * Provide drainage includingWater Resources * Soil acidification disposal of waterAir Quality * Land and water usc conflicts * Analyse soils and monitor

* Secondary water uses changes so that potential(domestic, livestock) problems can be managed

* Water logging * Participatory land and water* Poor water quality for use planning and

downstream users caused by management, e g WUAsirrigation return flow quality and dialogucs

* Flooding and siltation of * Provide water for leachingirrigation canals as a specific operation

* Reduction in irrigation water * Provide water for domesticquality and livestock water supply

* Contamination of water * Include access crossings atsources by agro-chemicals convenient locations for

* Dust pollution people and livestock* Noise pollution * Provide for drainagc of tail* Construction wastes waters

* Salinity monitoring* Provision of flood control

and de-silting structures insubproject designs

* Provide plans for disposal ofconstruction wastes

* Provide protective gearagainst dust and noise

Biological E,vironmenitFauna and Flora * Loss of fauna and flora * Effcctive screening of agro-

species chemicals* Loss of habitat * Training in proper use and* Proliferation of aquatic handling of agro-chemicals

weeds * Adopting IPM approaches to* Increased pest problems pest management

* Preparing subprojects-specific PMP based on IPMapproach

* Biodiversity assessment andmonitoring and evaluation offauna and flora species

Social Eniviroim enitAesthetics and Landscape * Increase incidence of water- * Educate about cause ofHistorical/Cultural Sites bornc diseases diseasesHuman Health * Infringement on property * Improve health facilityHuman Communities and access rights * Diseasc surveillance

* Increased inequity * Awareness and training* Weaker community * By-laws and enforcemcnt

infrastructure * Allow sufficient time and

15


money for extensive publicparticipation that all affectedgroups are considered andthat district and villageinstitutions are involved tosustain irrigated agriculture,particularly in respect ofland and water rights

* Include economic activitylike household vegetables,fodder or growing trees forfirewood

* Compensation as perprovisions of the RPF

2.2.11 Rehabilitation of rural infrastructure

The project will also support small civil works including the rehabilitation of rural roads, bridges andother small infrastructure, such as, storage facilities Rehabilitation of soil testing laboratories,marketing yards and dipping facilities will also be supported by the project The objective ofsupporting small scale civil works will be to open up inaccessible rural areas and improve ruralinfrastructure so that marketing costs an post harvest losses are reduced In terms of rchabilitation ofthe soil testing laboratories, the aim will bc to enable research institutes to immediately respond to thedemands for soil analyses from districts within the given ecological zone

Negative impact of minor civil works include noise pollution, generation of construction wastes anddust during the construction phase In some cases, open pits could be left behind after the excavationof sand and aggregate materials. Loss of vegetation and habitat from excavation sites A summary oflikely impacts and mitigation measures is given in Table 2.13.

Table 2.13: Typical impacts and mitigation measures of rehabilitation of rural infrastructure

Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation MeasuresComponentsPlhysical EtivironimentSolis * Open pits a Contract conditions defining workingWater Rcsources * Dust pollution practices and monitoringAir Quality * Noise pollution * Consultation with stakeholders

* Construction wastes * Provide plans for disposal ofconstruction wastes

* Provide protective gear against dustand noise

Biological Enivironin entFauna and Flora * Loss of fauna and flora * Provision of landfill requirement in

species the contracts* Loss of habitat Bliodiversity assessment and* Loss of crops or monitoring and evaluation of fauna

livestock grazing land and flora species

m

Social Environ,me,etAesthetics and Landscape . Infringement on access * Improve health facilitiesHistorical/Cultural Sites and movement for * Occupational disease surveillanceHuman Health humans and livestock * Awareness and training on safetyHuman Communities * Health problems due to measures

dust inhalation and * Subproject-specific EA requirednoise * Compensation of lost plants, land or

* Accidents from displacement according to RPFconstruction sites

16

PADEP Environmental Assessmcnt

2.3.12 Improvement in livestock production

The PADEP project will also finance subprojccts relatcd to improvcment of dairy farming, pigproduction, poultry, improvement of indigenous livestock, construction and rehabilitation of cattle dip,etc Table 2.14 summarizes the most frequently encountered environmental impacts of improvement inlivestock production. The potential impacts of improved in livestock production are overgrazing,degradation of land and vegetation, soil erosion, gas emissions, loss of natural habitats throughovergrazing,

Table 2.14: Typical impacts and mitigation measures of improvement in livestock production

Environniental and Social Impacts Mitigation MeasuresComponentsPlhysical En vironmnentSoils * Overgrazing * Awareness & trainingWatcr Resources * Degradation of land and * Observing land carryingAir Quality vegetation capacity

* Soil erosion * Establishment of stock routes* Gas emissions * Combine with biogas

technology* Market research* Rotational grazing* Zero grazing

Biological En viro,,,,,entFauna and Flora * Loss of natural habitats * Biodiversity assessment and

through overgrazing monitoring* Wildlife displacement * Joint wildlife management. i c integrated management

Social En viro,a,,uentAesthetics and Landscape * Health risks from use of * Provision of protective gearHistorical/Cultural Sites acaricides in dips * Training on safe handling ofHuman Health * Conflicts between chemicals and animal drugsHuman Communities pastoralists and wildlife * Participatory planning and

management areas management* Environmental risks from * By-law enforcement on

emptying water from dips disposal of waste watersinto rivers/water sources from the dips

* Infringement of property and * Compensation as peracccss rights provisions of the RPF

2.3.13 Production of non-traditional crops

PADEP will support subprojects that are relatcd to the production of mushrooms, vanilla, fruits, andother diversification initiatives in agriculture Table 2 15 summarizes the most frequently encounteredcnvironmental impacts of production of non-traditional crops subprojects The potential impacts ofproduction of non-traditional crops are contamination of soil, fruits and mushrooms (quality control)

17


Table 2.15: Typical impacts and mitigation measures of production of non-traditional crops

Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation MeasuresComponentsPhzysical EnvironmentSoils * Soil contamination by agro- * Treatment/purification of waterWater Resources chemicals for domestic useAir Quality * Water sources contamination * Provision of safe watering

points/structures for livestocka Training on agro-chemicals

handling and safety measures

Biological En vironimentFauna and Flora * Introduction of new pests * Quarantine / screening of

* Introduction of new diseases in imported varietiesthe farming systems * Adherence to phytosanitary

a regulations of Ministry ofAgriculture and Food Security

* Biodiversity assessment andmonitoring

* Development of subproject-specific PMP based on IPMapproaches

* Enhanced research andextension services support tofarmers growing new crops

Social EnviroutmneutAesthetics and Landscape * Fruits might be contaminated if * Awareness and promotionalHistorical/Cultural Sites watered by streams loaded with campaignsHuman Hcalth industrial effluents * Market research and productsHuman Communities * Lack of reliable markets promotion

* Enforcement of by-laws* Adherence to environmental

quality standards

2.3.14 Supply of farm inputs

The project will support farmer groups intending to stock agricultural inputs in the rural areas Table2 16 summarizes the most frequently encountered environmental impacts of supply of farm inputs

Table 2.16: Typical impacts and mitigation measures of supply of farm inputs

Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation MeasuresComponentsPlhysical E,iviro,nn teutSoils * Wastes from packaging * Awareness campaignsWater Resources materials plastics, tins and cans * Proper disposal of wastesAir Quality * By-laws enforcement

* Design alternative packagingmaterials

Biological Eu vironm eutNatural Habitats * Livestock and wildlife might * Raise awareness and trainingFauna and Flora consume the plastic materials farmers in IPM approaches

which are deadly to their health * Enforcement of by-laws* Ecological disruption due to governing use and handling of

overuse of pesticides and agrochemicalsherbicides * Promoting an IPM approaches

* Screening / inspection ofapproved agrochemical

18


Social Environ,mentAesthetics and Landscape * Health risks from agro- * Awareness and trainingHistorical/Cultural Sites chemicals especially if * Provision of protective gearHuman Health repackaging is undertakenHuman Communities

2.3.15 Initial processing of agricultural and livestock products

Oil processing, cassava processing, rice milling, processing of cashew nuts, small fruits and vegetableprocessing units, and processing of dairy products, are typical examples of subprojects under thiscategoryTable 2.17 summarizcs the most frequently encountered environmental impacts of improvement inlivestock production The potential environmental impacts of initial processing of agricultural andlivestock products are wastes from processing, contamination of products, noise pollution, vibrationsand dust

Table 2.17: Typical impacts and mitigation measures of initial processing of agricultural andlivestock products

Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation MeasuresComponents

Plhysical En vironi enitSoils * Wastes from processing * Provide for proper wasteWater Resources * Contamination of products disposalAir Quality * Noise pollution * Ensure hygienic conditions

* Vibrations * Careful site selection* Dust * 0 & M strategies

Biological Environoii entNatural Habitats * Solid and liquid wastes from * Conduct BiodiversityFauna and Flora the processing might affect assessment and monitoring

plant and animal speciesSocial En vironm entAesthetics and Landscape * Gender concerns in * Strategic group targetingHistorical/Cultural Sites ownership and operation * Provision of protectiveHuman Health * Workers' health in the gears, health insurance,Human Communities processing plants might be awareness raising

affected * Adherence to Industrial and* Increased pesticides residue occupational health

in foodstuff regulations* Promoting IPM approaches

2.3.16 Improvement of crop produce marketing

Establishment of village marketing centers, construction of market yards, grain storage and group-ledgrainmarketing are typical examples of subprojects to be supported by PADEP under this category. Table2 18 summarizes the most frcquently encountered environmental impacts of improvement of cropproduce marketing The potential environmental impacts of improved crop produce marketing includewastes at markets, smells and odour, change of aesthetic values, air pollution and soil contamination,etc

19


Table 2.18: Typical impacts and mitigation measures of improvement of crop producemarketing

Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation MeasuresComponentsPhysical Environ,meentSoils * Wastes at markcts * Waste managementWater Resources * Smells and odour strategiesAir Quality * Change of aesthetic values * Careful site selection

* Air pollution * Monitoring* Soil contamination

Biological EnvironimenitFauna and Flora * Livestock might consume * Design an appropriate

hazardous materials from the sanitary land-filldamp sites * Developing subproject-

* Spread of storage pcsts to specific Environmentalother locations Management Plan (EMP)

* Develop subproject-specificPMP based on integratedapproaches

Social En vironiientAesthetics and Landscape * Poor sanitation due to * Provide for water supply andHistorical/Cultural Sites absence of sanitation sanitation facilitiesHuman Health facilitics * Consensus building throughHuman Communities * Infringement on property participatory site selection

and access rights and planning* Compensation as per

provisions of the RPF

3. THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND APPROVALPROCESSES FOR PADEP SUBPROJECTS

Since the sub-projccts supported by PADEP arc small and because rural people will be the drivers ofthe projects, the process of cnvironmental screening must be simple and informative The process willconsist of the following steps

Step 1: Preparation of environmental profiles

The preparation of an environmental profile of subprojects is an important phase in subproject planningin general and in the environmental assessment of subprojects in particular An environmental profile isa description of the socio-economic, physical and environmental characteristics of the subproject areaThe EP describes the subproject area's development-environmcnt situation and relationships, givingrecognition to the relationship among resources, resource users, institutions, socio-economic andcultural setting The preparation of an EP should be as participatory as possible, drawing on theknowledge of and involving the local people

Step 2: Assigning category to a subproject

After basic information is collccted in the profile, projects should be screened and categorizedaccording to their likely environmental and social impact Scrcening serves two purposes

* To determine which projects, of all thosc proposed at the identification phase of the projectcycle of PADEP, need further environmental consideration, and to eliminate thosc likely tohave harmful environmental impacts

* To indicate the level of environmental appraisal that a project will require

20


Box 3.1Assignmenit of Project Categories at Screening Stage of

Environmental Impact Assessment (OD. 4.01)

Category A: Environmental Assessment is normally required as projects may havediverse and significant environmental impacts

Category B: More limited environmental analysis is appropriate as projects may havespecific environmcntal impacts

Category C: Projects in this category are likely to have minimal or no adverseenvironmental impacts

Environmental screening of each proposed subproject to be financed under PADEP will be done todetermine the appropriate extent and type of environmental assessment required PADEP subprojectswill be classified as A, B or C depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and scale of the subprojectand the nature and magnitudc of its potential environmental impacts

The process for identification and approval of PADEP subprojects is elaborated in the GUIDELINESFOR PREPARATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY AGRICULTURALDEVELOPMENT SUBPROJECTS In brief, the PADEP process with regard to environmental andsocial assessment is as follows During the first year of project participation, a village undergoescapacity building and PRA to assess opportunities and identify possible sub-projects to be supportedwithin the envelope of resourccs available to the community The District Facilitation Team guidesthis process, and is well trained to assure that environmental and social considerations form an integralpart of the PRA process Once the community has identified one or several possible subprojects, theproposals are categorized as A, B, or C according to criteria summarized below

Category A projects are those with significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive,diverse, or unprecedented. The impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject tophysical works For example, direct pollutant discharges large enough to cause degradation of air,watcr, or soil; large-scale physical disturbance of the site or surroundings, extraction, consumption, orconversion of substantial amounts of forest and other natural resources, measurable modification ofhydrological cycles, use of hazardous materials in more than incidental quantities, and involuntarydisplacement of people and other significant social disturbances. EA for Category A project examinesthe project's potential negative and positive environmental impacts, compares them with those offeasible alternatives (including the "without project" option), and recommends any measures needed toprevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmentalperformancc The PADEP process is not likely to generate these, but if such proposals surface theyshould be rejected during the PRA process because PADEP, which is a Community DrivenDcvclopment project is not equipped to finance the environmental remediation that would be needed tomake them acceptablc

Category B projects are those with potential adverse environmental impacts on human populations orenvironmcntally iniportant areas - including wetlands, forests, grasslands, and other natural habitats -are less adverse than those of Category A projects Thesc impacts are normally site-specific; few if anyof them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigatory measures can be designed more readily than forCategory A projects The scope of EA for Category B project may vary from project to project, but itis narrower than that of Category A's Category B EA examines the project's potential negative andpositive environmental impacts, compares them with those of fcasible alternatives (including the"without project" option), and recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, orcompensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance

Category C projects are those which are likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impactsBeyond screening, no further EA action is required for a Category C project However, PADEPfinanced Category C subprojects will have to show clearance from NEMC with regard to theirclassification

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All subproject proposals will be required to include an environmental categorization withjustificationand clearance by NEMC Category B subprojects will require an environmental assessment.Subprojects which are likely to result in a significant conversion of natural habitats or the destruction ofcultural property will not be supported by PADEP. Changes in access'to land or changes in ownershipand use of land and property that may be detrimcntal to the society will be addressed according to theResettlemcnt Policy Framework, which is disclosed separately

Communities and farmer groups wishing to prepare subprojects will have access to grants to hiretechnical assistance, primarily through contracting services to private sector/NGOs to undertake theenvironmental and social assessment The generic ToRs for the EA will be prepared by thePADEP/MAFS EA unit and customized to suit spccific subproject nceds by the District FacilitationTeam (DFT), which also helps communities/farmcr groups with the preparation of EA reports for theirrespective subprojects The ToRs and the resulting EA reports shall be approved by NEMC (or anagency accredited by NEMC). Final approval of category B subprojccts by the District ManagementTeam (DMT) will requirc evidence of NEMC (or accredited agency) clearance of the EA report.Evidence that appropriate mitigatory measures, such as, Environmental Managcment Plan are includedand costed in the project proposal will be required Environmental and social indicators will beincluded among those monitored to assess progress in implementation of the project Theimplementation of the preventive or mitigation mcasurcs, will bc the responsibility of communities andfarmer groups undertaking the subproject PCU in collaboration with the District Facilitation Tcamswill undertake regular monitoring and evaluation of the mitigation measures implementation bycommunities and farmer groupsAny project that cntails changes in access to land or changes in use of land that may be detrimental tointerests of currcnt land holders or users will be subject to provisions of the Resettlement PolicyFramework (separately disclosed). Provisions for treatment of agricultural chemicals, particularlypesticides, will be included in the subproject-specific Pest Management Plan based on Integrated PestManagcment approaches

Tanzania EIA Procedure and Guidelines also categorize projects according to impact magnitudes i.e,"Mandatory list of projects requiring EIA" and "List of small scale activities and enterprises thatrcquire registration" (may or may not requirc EIA)

According to "Tanzantia EIA Procedure and Guidelines", the screening procedure can lead to one ofthe following decisions

* Environmental Impact Assessment is required where the project is known to have significantadverse environmental impacts.

* Preliminary environmental assessment is required where the project may have environmentalimpacts

* Environmental Impact Assessment is not necessary where the projcct is unlikely to causesignificant environmental impacts

* No further consideration at all for projects contravening Government policies or other globalobligations

Within Tanzanian EIA Procedure and Guidelines, the following criteria need to be taken into accountwhile conducting screening to determine whether EIA is required or not

* Key project parameters* Affected area* Importance and scale of impacts on the environment* The likely degrce of public opposition i e controversial issues which raise public concern as a

result of type and scale of the undertaking, sensitivity of the sitc location, technology used,conflict of interest in land issues and any other factor related to a particular project mayrequircd detailed scrutiny and assessment

Step 3: Scoping and public consultations

Scoping is defined as a consultative procedure that culminates in the determination of the extent andapproach to an Impact Assessment study for category B sub-projects requiring assessments Theprocedure follows upon classification of the project into an environmental category It is an early and

22


an open process for determining the scope of issues related to the proposed action. The objective ofconsulting communities is to determine how their concerns will be addressed in the EA study.

When a proposed subproject is classified as category B, the PADEP project will provide funds for thegroup to consult as needed with NEMC and Environmental Units in relevant sectoral authorities, aswell as affectcd or interested parties, and to hire consultants to undertake an assessment All theconcerned parties shall be given adequate opportunities to participate in the Scoping exercise DraftTerms of Reference (ToRs) for the EA study and the scoping report should be submitted to NEMC forreview with assistance of the Technical Review Committee (TRC) for some projects for approval

Sincc most of these projects will be similar in nature, standard ToRs could be developed in consultationwith NEMC The standard TORs can be customized for the specific subprojects using informationcollected during the Environmental Profile preparation stage of the EA process and additionalcomments received from the key stakeholders

Step 4: Conducting an environmental assessment

Where necessary NEMC will conduct a visit to the site(s). The outcome of the study, which could be arejection or revision/modification or approval should be communicated by NEMC to the project groupin a period not exceeding 30 days When a subproject is classified as Category B, a partial(preliminary) environmental assessment (EA) should be undertaken, resulting in a brief EA report Aspart of an EA report, an environmental and social management and monitoring plan (ESMP) should beincorporated. If Resettlement Action Plans (RAP) are being prepared as a result of the EA work, theRAPs will be separate documents and disclosed separately. The responsibility for assuring that theEIA report is done lies with the proposing group and or consultants hired by the group The main itemsincluded in the environmental assessment study are, baseline survey and inventory, development ofproposal options, potential impact identification and prediction, mitigation consideration and costestimates, environmental management plans and other issues specified in the ToRs

The following steps should be adopted in this procedure for environmcntal assessment

* Imipact Assessment Based on the screening and scoping, the EA shall identify and assesspositive and negative impacts likely to result from the proposed subproject. This uses a varietyof methods including checklists, questionnaires, matrices, overlays, modclhlng, networkanalysis and simulations Opportunities for environmental enhancement should be exploredThe extent and quality of available data, key gaps in data, and uncertainties associated withpredictions shall be identified or estimated Topics that do not require further attention shouldbe specified

* Analysis of alternatives. Assessment of subprojects from an environmental perspective This isa key purpose of EA work and the more proactive side of EA - enhancing the design of aproject through consideration of alternatives, as opposed to the more defensive task ofreducing the adverse impacts of a given design This provides a detailed review of alternativeapproaches and prioritises them into a feasible approach For each alternative, theenvironmental costs and benefits should be quantified to the extent possible The do nothingalternative should always be included, with a discussion of it being adopted, that is whatwould the future look likc without the proposal? The do nothing (or no project) alternative isalways feasible and gives a "base case" against which the performance of other alternativescan be compared in terms of environmental impact, economic effects and other performancemeasures indicated by the objectives

* Predictions The principal function of EA is to provide predictive information on the potentialimplication of projects Prediction should determine the cause and effect relationship of directand indirect impacts based on data and information from a wide number of sources on thephysical, social, biological, institutional, economic and cultural issues The quality andavailability of data and the analytical techniques and assumptions frequcntly limit thereliability of prediction In this context open dialogue with key stakeholders and the public isvital

* Evaluation ofsignificance. This determines the significance at subproject and influence arealevels Within specified time and space a significant impact is the predicted or measured

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changc in an cnvironmental attribute that should be considered in project design, depending onthe reliability and accuracy of the prediction and the magnitude of the changc

* Mitigation This identifics mcasures to avoid and/or to rcduce adverse impacts It also assesseshow to plan and manage environmental enhancement The identified measures need to beundertaken early enough to embed ideas thoroughly into the basic design of a proposedsubproject and show how future monitoring and evaluation would be carried out Thesemeasures are drawn together into coherent Environmental and Social Management andMonitoring Plans

* Public consultation Consultation throughout EA preparation is generally encouraged,particularly for subprojects like those to be supported by PADEP that affect people'slivelihoods Public consultation can be undertaken during screening, scoping and preparationof ToR, EA report, review of EA report by the NEMC and other stakeholders and duringpreparation of terms and conditions for EA acceptance or approval

All the information gathered during the impact assessment is compiled in the format given in theNEMC Reporting Procedure and Guidelines and submitted to NEMC for review In all cases thedocumentation should be kept as brief and simple as possible

Step 5: Review and approval of environmental assessment report

The EA report prepared for each subproject (Category B) should be reviewed by district facilitationteam and NEMC as appropriate and public consultations should be undertaken during the reviewperiod The outcome of the review is of the EA is one of the following:

* EA accepted* EA not accepted

Acceptance and clearance of the EA (for Category B projccts) or the checklist (for Category C projects)by NEMC will serve as a sufficient environmental permit to proceed with further consideration forapproval of the project by district council and PADEP The review of the environmental asscssmentreport should also include the determination of whether or not any people have been identified asowners/users of the land upon which or where the sub-project will be located or if the sub-project inany other way will affect people/ property and access so that there is a negative impact (loss) as a resultof the sub-project If that is found to be the case, the appropriatc measures nced to be taken inaccordance with the Rcsettlement Policy Framework

The environmental assessment report should bc short and cicar, so that projcct participants canunderstand it It should state clearly the main environmental issues, both positive and negative, likelyimpacts, potentially affected peopic, mitigating measures, and costs of mitigation. The report shouldinclude a section called the Environmental and Social Managcment Plan (ESMP) The ESMP shouldbe a practical, action oriented plan specifying measures to be taken to address the negativeenvironmental impacts. It should also specify the actions, resources and responsibilities needed toimplement the agreed actions and dctails on key social and environmcntal management and monitoringperformance indicators Further, ESMP should ensure that the costs of implcmenting the EA reportrecommendations are budgeted into the total subprojccts costs Responsibility for preparation of theESMP will be with the group under guidance of the DFT The DFT will supervise the implementationof action plans in close cooperation with communitics The PADEP/MAFS EA unit in consultationwith NEMC will undertake periodic monitoring and evaluation

The ESMP should be formulated in such a way that it easy to usc The ESMP should cover thefollowing aspects Summary of impacts, description of mitigation measures, description of monitoringprogramme, institutional arrangements, implementation schedule and reporting proccdures, costestimate and sources of funds, and capacity development for implementation of the environmental andsocial management plan The contents of an ESMP are further elaborated below

* Summary of Impacts The predicted adverse environmental and social impacts for whichmitigation is required should be establishcd and briefly summarized. Cross-referencing the

24

PADEP Environmental Asscssment

ESMP report to RPF and subprojcct-specific PMP, so that additional detail can readily beaccessed

* Description of mitigation measures Cost-effective and fcasible mitigation measures are oftendetailed and technical in nature. The mitigation measure proposed for PADEP's subprojectsshould draw on findings from identificd impacts and analysis of compliance with the GoTpolicics, legislation and administrativc matters, and WB Safeguard Policies Each mitigation(or enhancement) measure should be briefly described with reference to the impact to which itrelates and the conditions under which it is required

* Description of monitoringplan Environmental monitoring should be dcsigned to ensure thatmitigation measures are implemented The ESMP should demonstrate that all identifiedimpacts are matchcd with mitigation measures and monitoring plans. The monitoring plan willuse the findings of existing baseline data, as the means to measure the progress in compliancewith thc GoT and WB Safeguard Policies In a nutshell, an effcctive monitoring plan shouldconsist of the following elements

- Monitoring objectives- Description of performance indicators, which provide linkages to impacts and

mitigation measures identified in EA- Description of parameters to be measured, methods to bc employed, sampling

locations, frequency of measurcments, detcction limits (where appropriate) anddefinition of thresholds that will signal the nced for remedial actions

- Institutional responsibilities, timing and timescales for monitoring- Reporting arrangements (to the NEMC)- Cost and financing provisions- As part of monitoring plan for PADEP's subprojects a table format should be

presented with performancc indicators, monitoring site and frequency, responsibleinstitution, time frame and provisional cost for each subproject

* Institutional arrangements Responsibilities for mitigation and monitoring should be clearlydefined The ESMP should idcntify arrangcmcnts for coordination between the variousgovernment institutions and environmental agencies responsible for mitigation impacts ofsubprojccts Environmental management in Tanzania involves many government institutionsand other agencies, and links betwcen the various actors are often complex

* Capacity Developnient and Training This comprises a plan for improving institutionalenvironmental management capabilities in the PADEP's subprojects, based on findings of arapid training needs assessment and review of the existing capacitics and institutional rolesCapacity building would be undertaken for staff of PADEP's environmental unit, districts forraising their awarcness about cnvironmental issues and for upgrading of skills related tocnvironmcntal management of subprojects The ESMP will detail the resources needed andthe timing of these staff Specifically, the ESMP provides a specific description of institutionalarrangements - who is responsible for carrying out the mitigatory and monitoring measures(e g for operation, supervision, enforcement, monitoring of implementation, remedial actions,financing, reporting, and staff training)

* Implementation schedule and cost estimates The ESMP should provide the timing, frequency,and duration of mitigation measures, specified in an implementation schedule, showing linkswith the overall subprojects project implementation plans (PIP) Moreover, the capital andrecurrent cost cstimates and sources of funds for implementing the ESMP should beconsidercd and also integrated into the total subprojcct cost.

* Integration of ESMP wvith Subprojects. In a nutshell, the ESMP should be specific in itsdcscription of the individual mitigation and monitoring measures and its assignment ofinstitutional rcsponsibilities, and it must be integrated into the subprojccts overall planning,design, budget, and implementation arrangements

* Approval As mentioned earlier, most of the potcntial subprojects to be supported by PADEPare not expected to generate significant adversc cnvironmcntal impacts If it is confirmed

25


through the screening process that the subproject is of Category C, which means no EA isnecessary, District Facilitation Team should, on behalf of the community or farmer grouprequest clearance of the subproject from NEMC, or agency accredited by NEMC to clear EAreports Subprojects classified as Category B would require an EA, and would undergo theformal approval process, in which case the NEMC will review and approve the EA report Incase RAP has been prepared, it should first be cleared by NEMC (or agency accredited byNEMC) before the District Facilitation Team seeking clearance from the Bank throughPADEP According to WB policy on resettlement (OP 4 12), all RAPs should be reviewed andapproved of by the Bank, before resettlemcnt activities are implemented Upon receivingclearance from NEMC, District Facilitation Team shall request PADEP to proceed withfunding of the subproject

Supervision. Once the approval process is completed, the supervision becomes part and parcelof the normal subproject cycle management, including monitoring, evaluation and reportingEnvironmental monitoring and supervision should be undcrtaken by all implemcntingagencies The DFT should bear the responsibility of supervision at district lcvcl and reportingto the PADEP. The PADEP environmental unit staff in consultation with NEMC should beundertaking periodical field visits as part of their supervisory responsibilities. In the processthey should also participate in the process of developing and appraising new subprojectproposals, which is the prime responsibility of communities, assisted by the DFT

Step 6: Disclosure and appeal process

As project proposals are finalized, the complete proposal shall include the environmental category ofthe subproject. For category B subprojects, the proposal shall include the EA report and proof of itsapproval by NEMC For category C subprojects, the environmcntal checklist shall be included,together with a list of mitigating measures The checklist will include an enumeration of possibleenvironmental impact (such as those listed above for the various projects and/or others) and plannedmitigating measures Sample templates for the checklist are included in Annex I

Box 3.2Contents of an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)

* Identification and summary of major anticipated adverse environmental impacts* Description of mitigation mcasure* Description of clements of monitoring program* Institutional arrangement* Implementation schedule for mitigation mcasurcs* Performance monitoring and reporting procedurcs designed to ensure early detcction of

conditions necessitating corrective actions, and provide information on progress and results ofmitigation and institutional strengthening measures

* Cost estimates and sources of funds

The EA reports of subprojects should be disclosed to the public by presenting the findings andrecommendations to the villagc assembly and distributing copies to PADEP, district and villagegovernment NGOs and other civil societies in the community should be informed of the meeting andcopies of report should be made availablc to them if needed A summary of findings should be postedat the village government and political parties' offices The Community Subproject Committees willbe responsibility for disclosing the EA reports for community subprojects, while the Farmer GroupsCommittees will be responsible for disclosing EA report for farmer groups subprojects The villagegovernments will be responsible for taking minutes of EA disclosure on behalf of the village councils

PADEP groups or any affected/interested party, has the right of appeal If dissatisfied with the decisionreached at any stage in the EA process, the affected party has the right of appeal to the Ministerresponsible for Environment The Minister shall appoint a panel of five people to hear the appeals The

26

PADEP Environmental Asscssment

Chairman of the panel shall be the Director of Environment in the Vice President's Office and theremaining members shall be three (3) environmental management experts and one member from thegeneral public The results of appeal shall be communicated to NEMC for action A summary ofinstitutional responsibilities for key steps in the environmental and social management process is givenin Table 3 1 below

Table 3.1: Institutional responsibilities for environmental and social management process

Subproject Cycle EA Process Responsible agency Community Approval andProcess Outputs Outputs participation Clearance

I Subproject plan Sub-Project District Management Participated actively Districtprepared Environmental Team (DMT), in examining and Council

Profile Environmental Unit analysing(EU), and District environmentalFacilitation Team problems related to(DFT) subproject

Environmental District Management Provide input to NEMCScrcening Report Team (DMT), subprojects(Full and partial for Environmental Unit classification, and EACategory B No EA (EU), and District and subproject-required for Facilitation Team specific PMP andCategory C) (DFT) RPF reports

2 Desk Appraisal Scoping and TOR EU with external Consulted interested NEMCof Subproject for Category B consultant / NGOs and affected partiesproposal

3 Field Appraisal EA draft report for DFT with external Participated in NEMC/Bankof Subproject Category B consultant / NGO disclosure workshopsrcport subprojects, RAP

and ESMP

4 Subprojects ESMP agreed for EU, monitoring, Partner in NEMCapproved subprojects evaluation and implementation of

implementation PADEP supervision ESMP

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Table 3.2: Environmental checklist by subproject typesEligible Examples Environmental checklistsubproJectsWatershed Construction of contours, protection * Is there likelihood of biodiversitymanagement for soil of gullies, construction of terraces, loss9 Will there be infringement onand water agro-forestry, cstablishing and property and access rights9

conservation enforcing by-laws, bulking of * Are the necessary by-laws in place9

seed/plant materials required foragro-forestry, woodlot establishment,promotion of gender awareness insoil and water conservation

Conservation tillage Improved fallows, use of cover crops, * Are herbicides going to be used touse of farm implements for soil and control weeds9

water conservation, practices to * Have they (herbicides) beencontrol soil erosion, usc of green screened and approved by themanure authorized plant protection agency9

* Have cover crops been screened byresearch9

* Has an IMP approach beenadopted9

* Has a project-specific PMP beenprepared9

* Is the PMP prepared based on IPMapproachcs9

* Arc herbicides-related hazardsadequately addrcssed9

Efficicnt use of Use of rock phosphate, use of high * What measures are in place tofertilizers analysis fertilizers, organic manure prevent health risks to farmers9

* Are there signs of salinity in thearea?

* Will the fertilizer be stored safelyprior to use?

* Is there a likelihood of pollutingsurface and groundwater 9

* Are requisite soil and water qualitycontrol measurcs in place?

* Have soil tests been done9

* Are there any recommendations onapplication rates9

Fuel efficient Biogas technology that utilizes * Is there a segment of thetechnology manure and reduces use of fuel to community depending on current

safeguard forests energy source for income, e gcharcoal selling9 If yes, whatalternative is proposed for the lostopportunity9

Increase Use of organic manure in * Arc there health risks to farmers 9

productivity combination with mineral fertilizers, * Has an IMP approach beenproduction and use of bio-fertilizers adopted'?

* Has a project-specific PMP beenprepared?

* Is the PMP prepared based on IPMapproaches9

* Are herbicides-related hazardsadequately addressed?

* Is training on IPM approachesrequired by farmers?

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Integrated plant Use of organic manure in * Are there any health risks tonutrition combination with mincral fcrtilizers, farmcrs 9

techniques/strategies production and use of bio-fertilizers * Do the farmers have the necessary(IPNS) knowledge and skills9

Integrated pcst Safe use of pesticides in * What pests are found in the area9

management (1PM) combinations with observation, * Which pesticides are effectivepreventive and intervention methods against the pests?in crops, particularly vcgetable and * Are there alternative controlfruit production methods?

* Is it safe to use pesticides 9

* Has an IMP approach beenadopted?

* Has a project-specific PMP beenprepared 9 If yes, is the PMPprepared based on IPMapproaches 9

* Are pesticides-related hazardsadequately addressed9

* Has training on IPM approachesbeen conducted9

* Is research and extension technicalsupport on 1PM adequate9

* Are there any measures to preventhealth risks to farmers?

* Will special protective gear berequired and is it available locally9

* Are the farmers competent enoughto handle the pesticides9 If not,what kind of training will berequired on how to apply thepesticides9

* What equipment will be used9

* Is there likelihood of polluting thesoils, surface and groundwatcr9

* Is there likelihood of the pesticidesconcentrating in the food chains9

* Is the activity consistent with thepest management plan9

Increased use of Use of farm implements, such as ox- * Are the implements appropriate forlabour saving drawn ploughs, ridgers, rippers, use by women and men9

technologies weeders, power tillers, etc * Have the herbicides been screenedand approved for use by farmers9

* Are herbicides-related hazardsadequately addrcssed9

* Has an IMP approach beenadopted 9


* Has training on IPM approaches,and safe use and handling ofherbicides been conducted9

* Is research and extension technicalsupport on 1PM and use ofherbicides adequate9

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Use of rainwater Rainwater harvesting for irrigation, * Are measures in place to avoidharvesting domestic and livcstock use, such as contamination of stored water9

techniques chaco dams, water bunds in rice * Is there a segment of theirrigation, etc community depending on water

vending for their income9 If yes,what alternative is proposed for thelost opportunity?

* Are measures in place againstchild accidents?

* Are water and land use conflictslikely to emerge9

* Are measures in place against landdegradation at livestock wateringpoints9

* Will there be infringement onproperty and access rights9

Improvement of Rehabilitation of weirs, irrigation * Will the subproject cause land andtraditional irrigation canals and construction of division water use conflicts9

schemes boxes * What measures will be put in placeto avoid water logging and poorwater quality especially fordownstream users9

* What measures will be used toprevent scouring and clogging ofcanals 9


* Will it cause salinity problems9

* Will it cause changes in genderrelations9

* Has provision been made fordomestic and livcstock watersupply9

* Which water-borne diseases areprevalent in the village9

* Will the subproject lead to anincrease in disease incidences9

* Will the subproject Iead to anincrease in pest problems9

* Has an IMP approach beenadopted9


* Are pesticides-related hazardsadequately addressed 9

* Has training on IPM approachesbeen conducted9

* Is rcsearch and extension technicalsupport on IPM adequate9

* Is salinity a problem? If yes, is thesubproject likely to increase thesalinity problem9 What measureswill bc put in place to prevent orcontrol salinity9

* Will the improvement lead toexpansion of the irrigated area? Ifyes, would this encroach onecologically sensitive areas9

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Livestock Dairy animals, pig production, poultry, a Is land currently enough for existingproduction improvement of indigenous livestock, livestock herds?Improvement construction and rehabilitation of cattle a Are signs of overgrazing and soil

dips, etc erosion9

* Will the subproject contribute todegradation of land and vegetationthrough overgrazing9

* Are their dips in the village9 If yes,who operates them9

* What measures are in place againsthealth risks from usc of acaricides indips?

* What is done with animal manure9 Isit used for biogas production?

* What measures will be put in place toprevent degradation of vegetation andsoil at water points9

* Is there wildlife in the vicinity of thevillage9 If yes, what measures will beinstituted to avoid conflicts betweenlivestock and wildlife9


* \Vill the sibproject cauise landRchabilitation of Rehabilitation of soil testing conflict9

infrastructure laboratories, rural roads, bridgcs, * Is it likely to cause dust and/or noisestorage facilities and other rural pollution9

infrastructure * What measures are in place fordisposal of construction wastes9

* Wiil it result in open pits9 If yes, howare they going to be filled9

* Have the communities andstakeholders bcen consulted9

* Is the construction site going to beprotected9

* Will the contract provide protectivegear to workers9

* Is the construction contract includeworking practices and monitoring ofcnvironmental impacts?

* Are there plans to monitorbiodiversity and evaluate fauna andflora species9

* How is compensation for lost crops orgrazing land going to be effected?

* Is there a mechanism to monitoroccupational diseases9

* Is there any training plan for safetyand precautionary measures9

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Production of non- Production of mushrooms, vanilla, a Do the farmers have the necessarytraditional crops fruits, and other diversification knowledge and skills'?

initiatives in agriculture * What measures are in place forcontrol of potential new pests9

- Has an IMP approach beenadopted'?

a Has a project-specific PMP beenprepared? If yes, is the PMPprepared based on IPMapproaches9

a Are pesticides-related hazardsadequately addressed9

a Has training on IPM approachesbeen conducted?

* Is research and extension technicalsupport on IPM adequate9

Supply of farm Input shops at farm level, etc * What measures are in place againstinputs health risks from agro-chemicals?Initial processing of Oil processing, cassava processing, * Are there any crop processingagricultural and rice milling, processing of cashew facilities in the village9 If yes, wholivestock products nuts, small fruits and vegetable owns and operates them?

processing units, processing of dairy a Are women involved in theproducts, etc processing and do they own any of

the facilties'* Will addition of new facilities

cause any conflicts?c How will the operations be

sustained?c What will be done with the by-

products from processing facilities?a How will waste management be

organized?* How will the hygiene of processed

products be controlled9a Will the subproject cause adverse

changes in gender relationships?Improvement of Establishment of village marketing a How will waste management becrop produce centres, construction of market yards, organized?marketing grain storage, group-led grain a Is there a provision for water

marketing, etc supply and sanitation facilities atmarket places?

a Who will operate these facilities?What are the roles of women andmen?

* Will there be infringement onproperty and access rights?

Environmental supervision will be an important activity to assure successful implementation ofprojects For category B subprojects that require environmental assessment, the key indicators of theEnvironmental and Social Management Plan will become indicators that are monitored regularly toassess performance of the subproject For category C subprojects, the general areas highlighted on thechecklist should be reported on in the supervision reports, with measures of indicators where relevant

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4. GUIDELINES FOR INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS, TRAININGNEEDS AND COST ESTIMATES FOR MITIGATION MEASURES

Institutional arrangements should seek to promotc and enhance efficiency, effcctiveness, transparencyand accountability, reducc red tapc and bureaucracy They should also aim at strengtheningparticipation, empowerment and ownership of stakeholders

At commnnnity/village level The community subproject committee (CSC) will have direct oversight forpreparation of EA reports and implementation of agreed mitigation measures, according toenvironmental and social management plan (ESMP), as part of the overall subproject cyclemanagement and monitoring at community/village level. Communities and farmer groups will reporton the environmental indicators as part of their regular reporting process for implementation of thesubproject The CSC will communicate implementation progress of the ESMP to the district, throughtheir village governmcnt, with copies of such correspondence to the Ward Executive Officer (WEO)for information The pcriodic reports on implementation of the PADEP project will include a sectionon achievement of cnvironmental objectives as shown by the indicators

At district level The District Executive Director (DED), should assign the task of monitoring theimplementation of the ESMP at district level to the DFT, which is lead by District Agricultural andLivestock Development Officer (DALDO) Again, this should be part and parcel of the overallmanagement/monitoring function for the subproject cycle at district level, which is the responsibility ofthe DMT/DFT The subproject EA reports, including their ESMPs, should be forwarded by DFT toNEMC (or an agency accredited by NEMC) for their clearance, before sending to PADEP for fundingOn behalf of DED, the DALDO should scnd progress reports on implementation of the ESMP to thePADEP/MAFS EA unit, with copy to thc Regional Secretariat for information DFT should beresponsible for ensuring that DALDO sends the reports on regular basis, as required by PADEP'soperational guidelinesAt national or project level A decision has been made to build capacity of the EA unit of MAFS, andearmark two individuals to be dircctly responsible for EA aspects of PADEP during its implementationThe mainstreaming of EA function into the Ministry's EA unit has an advantage of ensuringsustainability of environmcntal screening beyond the project life Environmental assessment should betaken as an integral part of the technical evaluation of subprojects proposal The environmental auditfunction needs to be taken into consideration at every step of subprojects cycle. In view of this,PADEP should allocate funding for building capacity of EA unit of MAFS, both in terms of requiredhuman resources, office equipment and logistical support The EA unit of MAFS should beresponsible for preparing generic TORs for EA, have an oversight on the overall implementation ofESMPs by communities and farmer groups, and provide technical backstopping to districts

Rcsources are available under the project for training of MAFS EU staff, DFT and communities toidentify and address environmental and social issues The costs of capacity building for environmentalassessmcnt including social aspects should bc part of the component 2 of the project The estimatedcosts of undertaking training in cnvironmental and social assessment is summarized in Table 4 1below The Environmental Assessmcnt training manual prepared by NEMC should provide the basisfor developing project specific modules Training on Bank safeguards will be added into the modulesprepared by PADEP consultant

Table 4.1: Estimated costs of training in environmental assessment

Area of activity Responsible Target Outcomes Proposed timing CostEstimates

Conduct training PADEP - MAFS/PAD Training 2003 for 50,000needs PCU, District EP staff, needs MAFS/PADEP &assessments for authorities & District staff, identified and pilot districts &PADEP/MAFS, Village villagers documented villages, yearly fordistricts, governments new districts andVillages villages come on

board

33


Arrange for & MAFS/PADE MAFS/PAD Increased 2003 for 100,000coordinate P staff, district EP staff, environmental MAFS/PADEP &training in authorities District staff, awareness, pilot districts &environment in villagers appreciation villages, yearly forgeneral & EA, of EA, skills new districts andWB & GoT for EA villages come onpolicies board

Ensure initial PADEP - DFTs, PRA reports 2003 for pilot 20,000PRAs in villages PCU, DMTs, (DMTs) address districts/villages,contain DFTs, environ- yearly for newEA messages mental districts and

concerns, villages come onincliner boardimpacts,mitigation,ESMP atsubprojectlevel

Monitoring and PADEP - Village Subproject Continuously 30,000follow-up PCU, DMTs & governments, EMPs

DFTs subprojcct successfullycommittees implemented

5. PADEP SENSITIZATION MEETINGS AND LAUNCHINGWORKSHOPS TO ADDRESS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Public understanding about the proposed subprojects and their possible environmental and socialimpacts is key to successful implementation These issues should therefore be fully covered in theparticipatory assessment leading up to selection of the proposed subproject, and in subsequent designThe District Facilitation Team (DFT) should be fully prepared to lead public discussion ofenvironmental and social issues. When DFT visits a village and hold meetings with the villageGovernment leaders to discuss project concepts, objectives and types of eligible subproject etc , andprocess to be followed to evolve subprojects, they should introduce environmental issues

In order to raise awareness of communities about the potential environmental and social impacts ofPADEP funded activities, a number of sensitisation meetings are proposed. These will enhancestakeholders participation in EA processes Sensitisation should also target the National ResourceTeam and District Authorities in order to raise their awareness and understanding of the majorenvironmental issues/concepts, such as. EIA; impact identification and prediction methods/techniques,social-cultural dimension of EIA, impact mitigation, and inspection and monitoring of environmentalstandards Having bcn sensitised the District authorities, will in turn sensitise communities when theycontact them to introduce and discuss the project concepts, objectives, components and focus throughthe DFT

Whcn orienting the DFT on project objectives, implementation procedures and roles of teams infacilitating the communities the NRT should also include importance of assessing environment impacton each activity to be undertaken especially during implementation stage

* Meeting village leaders When DFT visits a village and hold meetings with the villageGovernment leaders to discuss project concepts, objectives and types of eligible subprojectete, and process to be followed to evolve subprojects, they should introduce environmentalissues concerning rcsourcc management and environmental conservation

34


* First Village Meeting The purpose should bc to create awarencss about the project In thismeeting DFT mcmbcrs should emphasize on the importance of observing natural impact onresource managemenit, including soils, trees, sources of water etc,

* Village Meetingforprioritisation of problemns After prioritising their problems, the villagersand their facilitators should point out environmental issues related to the prioritised problem

* Launching Workshop- Implementation processes will commence with the project launchworkshop. The aim of launch workshop is to bring together stakeholders to revisit the projectobjectives, activities, work plans and each stakeholders responsibilities. This is a goodopportunity for DFT to emphasize on the environmental impacts of the different activities tobe undertaken and ways to avoid or mitigate

* Other meetings Meetings should be held on a regular basis with district authorities andcommunities at which PADEP activities in general, and their environmental consequences inparticular arc explained in simple and easily understandable terms Depending on theprevailing social and cultural norms, there may be need to arrange separatc mcetings fordifferent groups. For example, meeting with elders, women and youths

* Workshops and sem7inars These should bc arranged for district authorities and communitiesaround relcvant cnvironmcntal and social assessmcnt themes

* Plays and songs Usc/hire school children and drama groups to sing and play/act withmessages related to environmental managemcnt and social protection.

In order to cnhance the effectiveness of these campaigns, the following strategies arc recommended

* Contenit It is important to make sure that the contents of the launching workshops, seminarsand mcetings are relevant to the situation in village Build speeches around realenvironmental problems within the villagc

* Delivery strategy The messages should be delivcred in simple and easily understandablelanguagc In order to facilitate understanding of the messages, use of visual aids - films,videos, placards etc is recommended. The occasions should include events like tree planting(season permitting or with watering) and study tours As far as is feasible, the events shouldinvolve local government and national leaders

* Cultural considerations It is important to consider cultural and norms prevailing in thecommunity If free mixing is not possible due to social and cultural norms, there may be needto form groups according to age, gender and maybe wealth status

* Publicity/advocacy The launching ceremonies should be covered in local media - radio,newspapers, TV. Invite representatives from other communities to participate and let them saya word on their experiences.

A training team should consist of an environmcntal specialist familiar with environmental assessmentissues of PADEP subprojects, an agriculturalist familiar with PADEP's subprojects, and anexperienced training facilitator, who should be responsible for logistical planning and facilitation

35


6. COMPLIANCE OF PADEP ACTIVITIES WITH BOTH WORLDBANK AND TANZANIA'S POLICIES, GUIDELINES, LEGISLATIONAND REGULATIONS

6.1 Compliance with World Bank safeguard policies

A list of World Bank environmental and social safeguard polices is summarized in Box 6 1 Thefollowing safeguard policies are triggered by the proposed PADEP project OP/BP 4 01Environmental Assessment, OP 4 09 Pest Management, OP 4 12 Involuntary Resettlement, and OP7.50 Projects on International Waterways To the extcnt that sub-projects trigger World Bank safeguardpolicies, sub-project-specific safeguard documentation such as sub-project PMPs or sub-project DamSafety Measures will be prepared

OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment The Bank requires environmental assessment (EA) of projectsproposed for Bank financing to help ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, andthus to improve decision making EA takes into account the natural environment (air, water, land),human and safety, social aspects (involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples, and cultural property),and transboundary and global environmental aspects EA considers natural and social aspects in anintegrated way It also takes into account the variations in project and country conditions, the findingsof country environmental studies, national cnvironmental action plans, the country's overall policyframework, national legislation, and institutional capabilities related to the environment and socialaspects, and obligations of the country, pertaining to project activities, under relevant internationalenvironmental treaties and agreements The Bank does not finance project activities that wouldcontravene such country obligations, as identified during the EA

OP 4.09 Pest Maniagenent In assisting Borrowers to manage pests that affect either agriculture orpublic health, the Bank supports a strategy that promotes the use of biological or environmental controlmethods and reduces reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides In Bank-financed projects, theBorrower addresses pest management issues in the context of the project's environmental assessmentIn appraising a project that will involve pest management, the Bank assesses the capacity of thecountry's regulatory framework and institutions that promote and support safe, effective, andenvironmentally sound pest management As necessary, the Bank and the Borrower incorporate in theproject components to strengthen such capacity

OP 7.50 Projects on International Waterways This policy applies to the following types ofinternational waterways (a) any river, canal, lake, or similar body that forms a boundary between, orany river or body of surface water that flows through, two or more states, whether Bank members ornot, (b) any tributary or other body of surface water that is a component of any waterway describe in(a) above, and (c) any bay, gulf, strait, or channel bounded by two or more states, or, if within onestate, rccognized as a necessary channel of communication between the open sea and other states - anyriver flowing into such waters. This policy applies to the following types of projects (a) hydroelectric,irrigation, flood control, navigation, drainage, water and sewerage, industrial, and similar projects thatinvolve the use or potential pollution of international waterways as described above and (b) detaileddesign and engineering studies of these projects, including those to be carried out by the Bank asexecuting agency or in any other capacity Due to the use of international waters by future sub-projects,this safeguard policy is triggered, and the relevant riparians (Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Malawi andMozambique) are being notified.

Involuntary Resettlemnent (OP 4.12). The resettlement policy is triggered when people are affected byloss of land, loss of property and/or loss of access to resources It is therefore irrelevant whether or notthe impact will entail physically relocation of the affected peopie, the policy is triggcred in all suchcases This means that the impact may be of such kind that only compensation in cash or kind isnecessary For this purpose, the Government of Tanzania has prcpared a Resettlement PolicyFramework which is a document that explains the procedures for resettlement and/or compensation,which must be followed once the Environmental Assessment has determined that people will beadversely affccted by a project activity"The PADEP project will not cause involuntary resettlement, but some of the sub-projects may requirechanges in land usc or changcs in access to land For that reason a Resettlement Policy Framework hasbcen prepared.

36


Box6 6.1World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies

EnivironmentalAssessment (OP 4.01). Outlines Bank policy and procedure for the environmental assessmentof Bank lending operations The Bank undertakes environmental screening of each proposed project todetermine the appropriate extent and type of EA The Bank classifies the proposed project into one of fourcategories, depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and the scale of the project and the nature andmagnitude of its potential cnvironmental impacts This cnvironmcntal screening process will apply to all sub-projects to be funded by PADEP; sub-projects may be classified as category A, B, or C (category Fl will notbe applicable in this context) As indicated in the EA report, subsequent EA work for sub-projects will dependon the environmental classification of the sub-project

Natural Habitats (OP 4.04). The conservation of natural habitats, like other measures that protcct andenhance the environment, is essential for long-term sustainable development. The Bank does not supportprojects involving the significant conversion of natural habitats unless there are no feasible altematives for theproject and its siting, and comprehensive analysis demonstrates that overall benefits from the projectsubstantially outweigh the enviroiinmental costs If the environmental assessment indicates that a project wouldsignificantly convert or degrade natural habitats, the project includes mitigation measures acceptable to theBank Such mitigation measures include, as appropriate, minimizing habitat loss (c g strategic habitatretention and post-developmenlt restoration) and establishing and maintaining an ecologically simiilarprotected area The Bank accepts other forms of nmitigationi measures only when they are technically justifiedShould the sub-project-specific EAs indicate that natural habitats might be affected negatively by theproposed sub-project activities, such sub-projects will not be funded under the proposed PADEP project

* Pest Management (OP 4.09). The policy supports safc, affective, and environmentally sound pestmanagement It promotes the use of biological and environmental control methods An assessment is made ofthc capacity of thc country's regulatory framework and institutions to promote and support safe, effective, andenvironmnciltally sound pest maniagement. As outlined in the EA report, sub-projects will prepare sub-projectspecific pest management plans as required A revised PMP for the PADEP project will serve as aguidance/reference documcnit for the preparation of sub-projcct PMPs

* Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12). The resettlemcnt policy is triggered when people are affccted by loss ofland, loss of propcrty and/or loss of access to resources It is therefore irrelevant whether or not the impactwill entail physically relocation of the affected people, the policy is triggered in all such cases This meansthat the impact may be of such kind that only compcnsation in cash or kind is necessary For this purpose, theGovenmment of Tanzania has prepared a Resettlement Policy Framework which is a document that explainsthe procedurcs for resettlement and/or compcnsationi, which must be followed once the EnvironmentalAsscssmcnit has determiined that people will be advcrsely affected by a project activity" This policy has beenrevised in FY 99/00 with the direct participation of technical Bank staff representing various networks It alsobenefited from a four month exterilal consultation process, in which the drafting team received and reviewednearly 300 comments from NGO representatives, rescttlemenit researchers, and govenmment officials fromaround the world This draft was approved in Dccember 2001 The Resettlemcnit Sourcebook, which willsynthesize best practices in resettlement and provide guidance to staff in application of the policy, is nowavailable

h Indigenous Peoples (OD 4.20). This directive provides guidance to ensure that indigenous people benefitfrom developmcnt projects, and to avoid or mitigate adverse effects of Banik-financed development projectson indigenous people Measures to address issucs pertaining to indigenous peoples must be based on theinformed participation of the indigenous people themselves Sub-projects that would have negative impactso1 indigenous people will not be funded under the proposed PADEP project

* Forests (OP 4.36). This policy applies to the following types of Bank-finaniced investnment projects (a)projects that have or may have impacts on the health and quality of forests, (b) projects that affect the rightsand welfare of people and their level of dependence upon or interaction with forests, and (c) projects that aimto bnng about changes in the management, protection, or utilization of natural forests or plantations, whetherthey are publicly, pnvately, or communally owned The Bank does not finance projects that, in its opinion,would involve significant conversion or degradation of cntical forest areas or related cntical habitats. If aproject involves the significant conversion or degradation of natural forests or related natural habitats that theBank detenmniles are not critical, and the Bank determines that there are no feasible alternatives to the projectand its siting, and comprehensive analysis demonstrates that overall benefits from the project substantiallyoutweigh the environmental costs, the Bank may finance the project provided that it incorporates appropnatemitigation measures Sub-projects that are likely to have negative impacts on forests will not be funded underthe proposed PADEP project

* Cultural Property (OPN 11.03). The term "cultural property" includes sites having archaeological(prehistoric) , paleontological, histoncal, religious, and unique natural values The Bank's general policyregarding cultural property is to assist in their preservation, and to seek to avoid their elimination

37


Specifically, the Bank (i) normally declines to finance projects that will significantly damage non-replicablecultural property, and will assist only those projects that are sited or designed so as to prevent such damage,and (n) will assist in the protection and enhancemenlt of cultural properties encounitered in Bank-financedprojects, rather than leaving that protection to chancc. The management of cultural property of a country isthe responsibility of the govemnment The government's attention should be drawn specifically to what isknown about the cultural property aspects of the proposed project site and appropnate agencies, NGOs, oruniversity departments should be consulted, if thiere are any questions conceming cultural property in thearea, a bnef reconiaissanlce survey should be undertaken in the field by a specialist The proposed PADEPproject will not fund sub-projects that will have negative impacts on cultural property

. Safety of Dams (OP 4.3 7). For the life of any dam, the owner is responsible for ensuring that appropnatemeasures are taken and sufficicnt resources provided for the safety to the dam, irrespective of its fundingsources or construction status. The Bank distinguishcs between small and large darns Small dams arenormally less than 15 m in height, this category includes, for example, fanm ponds, local silt retention dams,and low embankimienit tanks For small dams, generic dam safety measures designed by qualificd cngineersare usually adequate Sub-projects that will include small dams, le chaco dams and other water managementstructures will preparc a gencric dam safety analysis

* International waterways (O 7.50). The Bank recognizes that the cooperation and good will of npanans isessential for the efficicnt utilization and protection of international watcrways and attaches great importanceto riparians making appropriate agreemenlts or arrangement for the entire waterway or any part thereofProjects that trigger this policy include hydroelectric, irrigation, flood control, navigation, drainage, waterand seweragc, industnal, and similar projects that involve the use or potential pollution of intemnationalwaterways The riparians are being notified in accordance with this policy, no additional steps need to betaken at the level of the sub-projects

. Disputed Areas (OP/BP/GP 7.60) Project i disputed areas may occur the Bank and its member countnes aswell as between the borrower and one or more neighbourinig countries Any dispute over an area in which aproposed project is located requires formal procedures at the earliest possible stage The Bank attempts toacquire assurance that it may proceed with a project in a disputed area if the governments concerned agreethat, pending thc settlimcnit of the dispute, the project proposed can go forward without prejudice to theclaims of the country having a dispute This policy is not expected to be triggered by sub-projects This policyis unlikely to be tnggered by sub-projects to be funded by the proposed PADEP project

6.2 Compliance with Tanzania's environmental management policies

Implementation of the PADEP project will be undertaken in conformity to provisions of the TanzanianNational Environment Policy (NEP) of 1997 and The National Land Policy of 1995 Also relevant isthe National Environment Management Council Act (no 19 of 1983) which principally providedestablishment of the National Environment Management Council (NEMC). Among others, the Act alsostipulated the following functional roles and responsibilities for NEMC

* To advise government on all environmental-related issues (i e. including impacts of PADEPactivities)

* To formulate environment policy* To establish multisectoral/multidisciplinary coordination among both institutions as well as

respective individuals dealing with cnvironmental issues In other words, this incorporates aspectsof community participation/involvement as required by PADEP.

Also relevant are the Land Acts especially both no, 4 and 5 of 1999 These make far-reachingprovisions for environmental management and natural resources because they provide forcategorization of lands into three areas namely.

(a) general (i e unreserved or public lands)(b) reserved ( i e protected/conserved lands)(c) village lands (i e lands to be administered by village government authorities, as opposed to lands

to be administered by central government)

Other pertinent Land Acts (among several) are

* Land Acquisition Act no 47 of 1967 which provides for compulsory acquisition of land in theinterest of the public

38


* National Land use Planning Commission Act, 1984 which mainly provides for establishment ofthe National Land use Planning Commission, but more importantly together with the Rural Lands(planning and utl ization) Act no 22 of 1979 establishes the need for ensuring proper land usethrough e g multisectoral/multidisciplinary/coordination as well as cooperation, both of which arein the spirit of PADEP

* Town and Country Planning Ordinance Cap 378 of 1956, which provides for both methodologyand approach to land use planning in both urban and rural areas

Local authorities will bc essential to successful implementation of the PADEP project, and the powersof these are specificd in several relevant pieces of legislation The key legislations are as follows

* Local Government District Authorities Act no 7 of 1982 duly amended in Act no 8 of 1992, Actno 4 of 1985 and Act no, 13 of 1988

* Decentralization of government administration (interim provisions Act no 27 of 1972, dulyamended among several others in Act 26 of 1975, Act no 12 of 1982 as well as in Act no 19 of1992

* There is a long list of district by-laws, most of which pertain to agriculture, for example thefollowing* Manyoni District Development Council (Cultivation of Agricultural lands by-laws)* Kilosa District Development Council (Cultivation of Agricultural lands by-laws)+ Bagamoyo District Development Council (Cultivation of Agricultural lands by-laws), etc,

Several pieces of legislation govern use of specific resources Key among them are

(i) Range Development and Management Ordinance (Cap 569), which provides for among othersdemarcation and improvement of range areas for livestock grazing

(Iu) Wildlife Conservation Act no 12 of 1974, which provides for protection of wildlife rcservedareas from human activities

(iii) Forests Ordinance (Cap 389), which similar to Wildlife Act also provides for protection offorestry related reserved areas from human activities.

(Iv) Among several others, the following acts/ordinance in their totality provide for properagricultural practices and thence products* Grass-fires (control) Ordinance (Cap 13)* Plant protection Ordnance (Cap 133)* Food (control) of quality Act no. 10 of 1978* Pharmaceuticals and poisons Act no 9 of 1978* Penal Code (Cap 16)

* Section 179 Negligent Spreading of diseases* Sections:180-81 Adulteration and sale of noxious food

* Tropical Pesticides Research Institute Act no, 18 of 1979* Water utilization (control and regulations) Act no 42 of 1974 as duly amended in Act no

10 of 1981 as well as Act no 17 of 1989

Acts which promote/control industrial production and trade:* Small Industries Development Organization Act no 28 of 1973

* National Industries (Licensing and Registration Act) no 10 of 1967 with its amendments inAct 13 of 1982, no 13 of 1991 and also amended by Investment Promotion Centre Act no 10of 1992

* Penal code Cap 16, Section 186 on Trade

39


7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION PROCESS

As mentioned earlier, PADEP will not support subprojects classified as Category A because of limitedcapacity, both in terms of technical and financial resources, to implement preventive or mitigationmeasures required for this type of subprojects

According to Bank's OP 4 01, all Category A and B subprojects proposed for PADEP financing,during the EA process, the implementing agencies (PCU, districts councils and communities/farmergroups) shall be required to consult subprojects-affected groups and local non-governmcntalorganizations (NGOs) about the subprojcct's environmcntal aspects and shall take their views intoaccount PADEP implementing agencies shall initiate such consultations as early as possible PADEPshould consult these groups at least twice. shortly after environmental screening and before the termsof reference for the EA are finalized, and once a draft EA report is prepared In addition, the PADEPshould consult with such groups throughout project implementation as necessary to address EA-relatedissues that affect them For meaningful consultations between the implementing agencies andsubproject-affected groups and local NGOs, relevant material shall be provided in a timely mannerprior to consultation, and in a form and language that are understandable and accessible to the groupsbeing consulted

Any Category B report for a subproject proposed for PADEP financing shall be made available tosubproject-affected groups and local NGOs For Category B subprojects, public avaliability of EAreports in Country is a prcrequisitc to PADEP funding of these subprojects. The consultation processwith the subproject-affected groups will be as follows

* Stakeholder identification There should be an explicitly designed consultation strategy basedupon NEMC guidelines and the Bank's safeguard policies Key stakeholders should bedefined The means for identifying and weighing the relative participation in the consultationsof "affected communities" "beneficiaries" and other "stakeholders" should be consideredThese should included reprcsentatives of government agencies, NGOs, religious groups, andvillage and community Ieaders Gender and ethnicity should be considered in stakeholderidentification and consultation process

* Information dissemination A range of means for information dissemination is available, suchas posters, radio reports, and public meetings and hearings. Key stakcholders should betargeted for information campaigns prior to mcetings or hearings Information materials forcommunities affected by subprojects should be translated into Kiswahili language

* Consultation mechanism The types of consultation mechanisms to be used in PADEP shouldinclude public meetings and workshops and seminars A systematic survey to elicit opinionsof persons affected directly by the subprojects could be considered There are a widc varietyof other effective techniques, which could be used for consultation, but apparently they arenot tested in the country. These include public hearings, citizen advisory groups, focus groups,community opinion survey and expert panels discussions

According to the NEMC guidelines, public consultations arc paramount during impact assessment,especially at the stage of scoping, ToR preparation and EA preparation DFT should identify the mainissues of concern and the affected or interested parties during the scoping exercise To ensuresatisfactory public (affected and/or interested people) involvement, DFT should initiate a publicinformation programme of the area likely to be affected by the proposed subprojects. Any concernraised by the public should be recorded and addressed in the process of categorization of proposalsPublic notice of the scoping process for the subprojects should be issued by NEMC (or accreditedagency) through village leaders and/or other appropriate mechanisms. .

NEMC requires that a summary of the draft EA conclusions, including the ESMP, be presented toaffected communities and interested NGOs in a form and language mcaningful to the groups beingconsulted. Comments made by the communities and NGOs must be incorporated into the EA reportsubmitted to NEMC (or accrcdited agency) and subsequently PADEP for funding

Under the PADEP implementation procedures, public consultation will begin with the PRA onenvironmental issues in the communities During the PRA, the subproject will be defined and, through

40

PADEP Environmental Assessmcnt

the screening process, its associated potential environmental impacts and category of the EA will bedetermined During the subsequent scoping stages, if the project will be classified as category B,another public consultation will be held with the communitics affected by the proposed subprojectInvolvement of the public will continue throughout the EA process, using the community and farmergroup subcommittees and village and community leaders.

Oncc the draft EA report has been prepared, another consultation involving as many communitymembers as possible, will be held to review the findings and recommendations of the draft EA reportComments and observations shall be incorporated into the final EA report and the resulting ESMPreport

41

PADEP Environmental AsscssmentAnnex 1

Sample check list for watershed management for soil and water conservation sub-project

Name of Sub-project:

Proposed Environmental CategoryAspect of EA Sample checklist questions Additionalneeds Will the subproject be likely to: Yes No Data

1. Is any person living on or near the land neededfor the subproject, or is any person farming there, E n Eusing the land for grazing or watering of animalsor for any other purpose?2. Reduce biodiversity? O Ol3. Adversely affect downstream users?4. Affect areas of water sources extraction? E E l5. Affect wetland/swamps areas? E E E6. Affect rare/endangered species? O E E7. Adversely effect human health? E E E8. Provide benefits to both men and women? O El El9. Cause changes in land, water morphology andphysical characteristics as well as quality and E E Equantity of resources?10. Reduce quality of land, water, or health of E E Eplants or animals?

Mitigation I 1. Awareness raising? El E measures: 12. Improved designing and construction method. E E E

13. Compensation if appropriate.14. Are IPM approaches being adopted?15. Have subproject-specific PMP beendeveloped?16. Are agro-chemical-related hazards beingaddressed?17. Have PMP based on IPM approaches beendeveloped?

Comments by DFO:

I recommend the proposal:

Signature: (DFO) Date:(clearance by NEMC and date)

42

PADEP Environmental AssessmentAnnex I

Sample check list for conservation tillage sub-project

Name of Sub-Project:Proposed Environmental CategoryAspect of EA Sample checklist questions Additionalneeds Will the subproject be likely to: Yes No Data

1. Lead to soil erosion? El E E2. Provide benefits to both men and women? El E El3. Entail loss of access to or use of land by current l El users?4. Increase ability of soil to retain water? El E 5. Require use of unfamiliar agricultural E E Echemicals?6. Enable water resources conservation?7. Affect groundwater table? E E E8. Introduce new pests? El El E9. Require storage of manure? El El El10. Lead to use of new implements? E E E11. Lead to appropriate management of residue?12. Are IPM approaches being adopted?13. Have subproject-specific PMP beendeveloped?14. Have agro-chemical-related hazards been E E Eaddressed?15. Have PMPs based on IPM approaches beendeveloped?16. Is training in IPM approaches planned9

Comments by DFO:


Signature: (DFO Date:(clearance by NEMC and date)

43


Sample check list for fuel-efficient technology subproject

Name of Sub-project.

Proposed Environmental CategoryAspect of EA Sample checklist questions Additional

needs Will the subproject be likely to: Yes No Data

I. Provide benefits for both men and women? El E 2. Result in loss of access to or use of land by E E Opresent landholders and users?3. Increased cutting of trees or bushes? E E E4. Lead to loss of land cover and soil E E Edisturbances?

5. Lead to unsightly or foul smelling storage ofcompost or other matter?6. Leaching of contaminants into water supply? E E E7. Lead to land degradation and soil disturbance? E E E

Mitigation 9. Are public awareness and training in biogastechnology planned?10. Are safe disposal methods of slurry in place?

measures: 10. Siting of storage areasComments by DFO:



44


Sample check list to increase productivity subproject

Name of Sub-project:Proposed Environmental CategoryAspect of EA Sample checklist questions Additionalneeds Will the subproject be likely to: Yes No Data

1. Lead to application of organic manure? 3l El Dl

2. Require significantly increased use of water? El El El3. Lead to loss of access to or use of land by El El Elpresent landholders or users?4. Require use of new or unfamiliar agricultural El El Elchemicals?5. Lead to salinization of soils? E E E6. Lead to contamination/pollution of surfaceand/or groundwater?7. Lead to benefits for both men and women?8. Introduction of new pests? E E E

Mitigation 9. Soil testing. E Elmeasures: 10. Are public awareness and training in IPM

approaches being considered?11. Are soil, water and pests being monitored?.12. Are IPM approaches being adopted?13. Are subproject-specific PMP being developed? E E E14. Have agro-chemical-related hazards beingaddressed?15. Are PMPs based on IPM approaches in place?

Comments by DFO:



45


Sample check list for integrated plant nutrition techniques/strategies (IPNS) sub-projects


I. Lead to application of organic manure, mineral El Elfertilizers, bio-fertilizers?2. Entail loss of access to or change in use of land El E by present landholders and/or users?3. Provide benefits to both men and women? E E E4. Adversely affect quality of surface and ground E E Ewater?5. Increase weeds or pests? E E E6 Lead to salinization of soils? E E E7. Lead to loss of some plant species? E E E

Mitigation 8. Public awareness and training on IPM E E Eapproaches?

measures: 9. Are soil and water quality being monitored?10. Are IPM approaches being adopted?11. Have subproject-specific PMPs beendeveloped? E El12. Have agro-chemical-related hazards beenaddressed?13. Is PMP based on IPM approaches being used?

Comments by DFO:


Signature: (DFO) Date:(clearance by NEMC and datc)

46


Sample check list for integrated pest management (IPM) subproject

Name of Sub-project:

Proposed Environmental CategoryAspect of EA Sample checklist questions Additionalneeds Will the subproject be likely to: Yes No Data

1. Provide benefit to both men and women? E E E2. Entail loss of access to or use of land by current E E Oland holders and/or users?3. Entail use of new or unfamiliar agricultural E E Echemicals?4. Adversely affect micro organisms in soil? E E E5. Adversely affect surface and groundwater E E E(terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems)?6. Adversely affect consumers crops (residues in E E Evegetables and fruits)?7. Soil contamination? E E E8. Water resources pollution? E E E

Mitigation 9. Has awareness campaign and training in IPM E E Eapproaches been done?

measures: 10. Is there adequate capacity for proper handlingand storage of agrochemicals?14. Have IPM approaches been adopted?15. Are subproject-specific PMP developed?16. Are agro-chemical-related hazards addressed?17. Is the PMP based on IPM approaches?

Comments by DFO:



47

PADEP Environmental AssessmentAnnex 1

Sample check list for increased use of labour saving technology subproject

Name of Sub-project:Proposed Environmental Category

Aspect of EA Sample checklist questions Additionalneeds Will the subproject be likely to: Yes No Data

1. Lead to loss of access to or use of land bypresent landholders or users?2. Provide benefits to both men and women? E E E3. Entail production of more manure? E E E4. Introduce increased risk of accidents to E E Ehumans?

Mitigation 5. Awareness and training on safe use andhandling of herbicides available?

measures: 6. Proper storage and use of manure in place?7. Are IPM approaches adopted?9. Are herbicides-related hazards addressed?10. Are PMP based on IPM approaches in place?7. Compensation if appropriate

Comments by DFO:


Signature: (DFO) Date.(clearance by NEMC and date)

48


Sample check list for use of rainwater harvesting techniques subproject


1. Is any person living on or near the land neededfor the subproject, or is any person farming there,using the land for grazing or watering of animalsor for any other purpose?2. Lead to increased incidence of water-borne E O disease?3. Lead to land degradation at livestock wateringpoints?

4. Provide benefits to men and women? l E E5. Increase risk of flooding during heavy rain?6. Lead to siltation due to erosion? E E E

Mitigation 7. Is awareness and training plan in place? E E Emeasures: 8. Are there plans to plant protective vegetation? E E E

9. Are design specifications able to withstandreasonable risks of flooding?10. Are IPM approaches adopted?I1. Are agrochemicals-related hazards addressed? E E E12. Are PMP based on IPM approaches in place?13. Is there a need for the preparation of genericdam safety measures?

Comments by DFO:



49


Sample check list for improvement of traditional irrigation schemes subproject

Name of Sub-project.Proposed Environmental CategoryAspect of EA Sample checklist questions Additional


1. Is any person living on or near the land neededfor the subproject, or is any person farming there,using the land for grazing or watering of animalsor for any other purpose?2. Provide benefits to both men and women9 0l 0 0l3. Result in increased salinity of soil or water? El El El4. Increase incidence of water borne disease? El El El5. Adverse impact on downstream users? C3 El E6. Land and water use conflicts? El El El

Mitigation 7. Provide drainage including disposal of water. El El Elmeasures: 8. Monitoring of soil and water E E E

9. Is salinity monitoring plan in place?10. Is awareness and training plan in place?11. Are there plans to plant protective vegetation?12. Are design specifications able to withstandreasonable risks of flooding?13. Are IPM approaches adopted?14. Are agrochemicals-related hazards addressed?15 Are PMP based on IPM approaches in place?

Comments by DFO:



50


Sample check list for improvement in livestock production subproject



1. Is any person living on or near the land neededfor the subproject, or is any person farming there,using the land for grazing or watering of animalsor for any other purpose?2. Create conflicts with customs/traditions of localcommunities with respect to livestock keeping?3. Increase quantities of manure? E E E4. Lead to overgrazing? 3l a al5. Increase exposure of humans to animal bornedisease?6. Increase exposure to agricultural chemicals a a o(dips)?

Mitigation 7. Are the grazing arrangements rotational? a a ameasures: 8. Is public awareness and training planned? a E a

9. Are the arrangements for handling and storage E E Eof manure and chemicals in place?

Comments by DFO:



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PADEP Environmcntal AssessmentAnnex I

Sample check list for production of non-traditional crops subproject

Name of Sub-project:Proposed Environmental CategoryAspect of EA Sample checklist questions Additional


1. Entail loss of access to or use of land by presentlandholders and/or users?2. Provide benefits to men and women? E E E3. Contribute to deterioration in soil quality? E E E4. Entail introduction of new pests? E E E

Mitigation 5. Is public awareness and training program inmeasures: place?

6. Is a pest monitoring and surveillance in plan inplace?7. Are PMP based on IPM approaches in place? E E E8. Are IPM approaches adopted?9. Are agrochemicals-related hazards addressed?

Comments by DFO:

I recommend the proposal.

Signature: (DFO) Date:(clcarance by NEMC and date)

52


Sample check list for supply of farm inputs subproject


Aspect of EA Sample checklist questions Additional


1. Entail loss of access to or use of land by present Elland holders and or users?2. Entail local storage of agricultural chemicals? E E E3. Provide benefits to both men and women? E E E4. Enhance risk of robbery or theft? E E E5. Increase population of vermin or rats? E E E

Mitigation 6. Has security for money and goods (locks) beenprovide?

measures: 7. Has public awareness been raised?8. Is there good storage facility of agriculturalchemicals and seeds?

Comments by DFO:



53


Sample check list for initial processing of agricultural and livestock products subproject

Name of Sub-project:Proposed Environmental CategoryAspect of EA Sample checklist questions Additional


1. Increase production of by-products? E I El2. Entail loss of access to or use of land by present E land holders and/or users?3. Contribute to soil contamination? E 3l

4. Create unpleasant odours?5. Affect water quality E E O

6. Lead to benefits for men and women? E El7. Lead to contamination of products?

Mitigation 8. Is there proper disposal of wastes planned? E E Emeasures: 9. Is the site appropriate?.

10. Is training and public awareness plan in E E Eplace?.

Comments by DFO:



54


Sample check list for improvement of crop produce marketing subproject



1. Is any person living on or near the land neededfor the subproject, or is any person farming there,using the land for grazing or watering of animalsor for any other purpose?2. Provide benefits to men and women?

3. Create plant waste requiring disposal?4. Create needs for latrines to accommodategatherings of people?5. Unpleasant odours?

Mitigation 6. Is the plan for disposal of waste in place?. E 3

measures: 7. Has the site been carefully selected? .8. Are the water supply and sanitation facilitiesprovided?

Comments by DFO:



55


Sample check list for rehabilitation of infrastructure sub-projects



1. Will it cause land use conflicts? 3

2. Is any person living on or near the land neededfor the subproject, or is any person farming there, E z Eusing the land for grazing or watering of animalsor for any other purpose?3. Generates excessive dust and noise? E E E4. Leads to creation of open pits? O O O5. Reduces biodiversity? E E E6. Leads to construction wastes? E E E7. Leads to loss of vegetation? 3 E E

Mitigation 8. How is compensation for lost crops or grazingmeasures: land going to be done?

9. Are protective gear provided?10. Landfill arrangements in place?11. Construction wastes management in place? E E E12. Biodiversity monitoring plan available?13. Training on safety and precautionary measuresplanned?

Comments by DFO:


Signature: (DFO) Date:(clcarance by NEMC and date)

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PADEP Environmcntal AssessmentAnnex 1

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environmental and social framework - world bank · 2016. 7. 14. · framework (rpf), which has been...

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