Environment, Peoples, and Cultures

Geography

Mr. Biddle

Movement

Like we have discussed before people move around for various reasons. (Pull and Push Factors)

The main reason for the movement is for Survival

Movement

There are two types of people in the world: (That includes modern day and in history)

Nomads

Sedentary

Nomadic Peoples (Nomads)

Nomadic people move from place to place rather than settling down in one location Many cultures have been traditionally nomadic, but traditional nomadic behavior is increasingly rare in industrialized countries

Nomadic Peoples (Nomads)

Nomadic groups are typically small, because they can’t sustain large populationsNomadic groups must focus on the bare necessities to survive. They do not have time for very much leisure activities

Nomadic Peoples (Nomads)

Most Nomads live in an egalitarian society (men and women are treated equal) and are very religious, because they depend on nature for their survival

There are three kinds of nomads: Hunter-gathers, Pastoralists, Peripatetics

Nomadic Peoples (Nomads)

Hunter-gatherers- have by far the longest-lived subsistence method in human history, (exsisted the longest) They follow seasonally available wild plants and game. They move around from place to place for food

Nomadic Peoples (Nomads)

Pastoralists- raise herds and move with them so as not to deplete pasture beyond recovery in any one area. They use that herd and live off of the animals

Nomadic Peoples (Nomads)

Peripatetic nomads- are more common in industrialized nations traveling from place to place offering trades wherever they go (Gypsies, Merchants)

Sedentary Peoples

The term sedentary in biology and anthropology applies to species and peoples that are not migratory but rather remain at a single location permanently fixed or otherwise

Sedentary Peoples

Sedentary Groups began to show up around the same time that agriculture was introduced to the worldGroups are able to stay in one place, because they can grow enough food to sustain living

Sedentary Peoples

Sedentary groups are typically larger than nomadic ones, because they can control how much food is producedSedentary groups have more time for leisure, because their bare necessities are easily met

Environments, Peoples, and Cultures

Culture- the way of life of a group of people with common traditions, interests, and beliefs

A peoples way of life

Environments, Peoples, and Cultures

A Societies culture includes:

The way in which peoples meet their needs

Their history

Government

Language

Religion

Art

Literature

Music

Agriculture

About 10,000 years ago agriculture was introduced into the world

Eventually people began to stop moving around and began to farm the same land one year to the next

Agriculture Farmers eventually started growing surplus goods for other people (advances in technology), which led to specialization of different jobsThen they trade there goods or services for the food or grain. This exchanged was easier when people gathered in one spot, so villages, cities, and towns began to develop. This began to develop trade routes

Agriculture

There are two types of agriculture:

Traditional

Commercial

Traditional (Subsistence Farming)

Farming that depends heavily on human labor, animal power, and basic farm tools where the individual usually grows just enough food for themselves

Traditional (Subsistence Farming)

If the farmer has a good year they may have some to sell or trade, but typically they just grow food to eat and not to sell

Most farmers in the World are traditional farmers

Commercial

A type of farming where food crops and animals are produced mainly for sale

Commercial farmers can farm large areas of land using little human labor, by using modern fertilizers, pesticides-chemicals, and machinary (Technology)

Commercial

These new technologies along with agriculture have made the US and the world a very interdependent society

We rely heavily on others to make our food and transport it to certain locations

Environmental Challenges

The environment is a source of many challenges to the world’s peoples

Some environmental problems occur naturally, and others occur as a direct result of peoples actions

Environmental Challenges

Environmental problems that happen that people can not control is called an environmental hazard

Ex- Tornadoes, Hurricanes, Tsunamis, Volcanoes, and Earthquakes

Environmental Challenges

A serious environmental problem today is pollution, unclean or impure elements in the environment

Effects the air, water, and land

Environmental Challenges

Most pollution is caused by burning fossil fuels, which gives of poisonous gases

Homes, Industries, and Motor Vehicles burn most of the fuel causing pollution

Buring garbage is also a cause of pollution