environment impact assessment_djb

Environmental Assessment Report

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Project

The Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (GoNCTD) and the Delhi Jal

Board (DJB) are undertaking a comprehensive reform of the water supply and sewerage

sector. An important element of this reform program is a systematic and sustainable

improvement in the water distribution system, essentially by converting from intermittent to

continuous supply (“24-7”) through the introduction of appropriate infrastructure, operating

and management practices, and a supporting institutional and policy framework.

A rapid technical assessment carried out by DJB and Water and Sanitation Programme –

South Asia (WSP – SA) in September 2003 concluded that conversion from intermittent to

continuous water supply in Delhi is both achievable and affordable, and is also essential to

improved sector performance. It also concluded that the technical process for converting

to 24-7 supply is not complicated and is well-suited to a phased implementation. Drawing

on these results, and subsequent analysis and consultations, DJB has identified South II

and South III zones out of twenty one Operational Zones (OZ) for conversion to 24-7 in the

first phase.

Since there is virtually no experience in India in providing 24-7 water supply, the authorities

have decided to outsource operations and management in these three zones to two

qualified operators under 6-year performance-based management contracts, awarded

through a transparent and competitive process.

The principal objectives of Phase 1 are to demonstrate that it is possible to provide a water

distribution service meeting international standards with the currently available water

production, including continuous (24-7) water supply, and to:

a. introduce modern management information and customer service;

b. operate and maintain sewerage in the OZ to avoid discharges of raw sewage in the

environment and flooding by sewage;

c. significantly reduce operating costs, in particular staff and energy costs; and

d. recover an increasing portion of operation and maintenance (O&M) costs from the

WSS tariff, through a combination of efficiency gains, improved billing and

collection and tariff increases.

___________________________________________________________________________________________ GKW CONSULT GmbH / Asian Consulting Engineers 5-1


1.2 Engineering Consultants

The engineering consultants for this project is a consortium of two companies lead by

GKW Consult, Germany with a local support from Asian Consulting Engineers, New Delhi

1.3 Concept and Need for the Project

As a result of population growth and high water losses from the system, total water

demand of Delhi exceeds available production capacity. To limit total demand and provide

an equitable distribution of available water, the DJB have instituted intermittent or

scheduled water services and reduced system pressures. Hours of available supply vary,

depending on location in the system, from near continuous in areas close to the main water

treatment plants fed directly from the transmission system, to 2 hours per day in some

areas in the south.

To overcome the low pressures and intermittent supplies many residents have developed

compensatory strategies like:

• storing municipal water in buckets and informal containers;

• storing municipal water in tanks (with or without pumps);

• rescheduling activities to coincide with the availability of water;

• obtaining water from tube wells;

• obtaining water from tankers (operated by the DJB or private contractors).

Some of these strategies have the effect of increasing domestic water consumption as

residents often leave taps open to observe when water is available, allow tanks to overflow

and empty remaining water in storage when fresh supplies become available.

Available pressures in the network are generally low (typically 0m to 5m). This has

encouraged residents to install in-line boosters, a practise that can lead to polluted water

being drawn into the network thus putting public health at risk.

The provision of intermittent water supplies normally leads to a spiral of decline as

management of the system is extremely difficult and customer’s willingness to pay

declines. Specific problems include:

• serious risk to public health, resulting from ingress of contaminated groundwater into the distribution system;

• inability to practice effective supply management; • inability to practice effective demand management; • operational inadequacies, which unduly weaken the physical infrastructure;



• customer inconvenience.

In order to over come these spiral problems, it is to convert existing system from

intermittent to continuous one in a phased manner. Conversion of South II and South III

zones in to 24x7 water supply in Phase I of this project is the first step towards the larger

goal of improvement of Delhi’s water supply system to the internationally recognized

standards.

1.4 Objectives of EIA

This EIA study has been undertaken to prepare an Environmental Impact Assessment

report to examine the environmental issues that may arise during the construction and

operation of the project components and their likely impacts. Further, to reduce the

potentially significant adverse impacts to acceptable levels, suggest feasible and cost

effective measures and define them in an Environmental Management Action Plan. These

mitigation measures will be incorporated into the contract conditions of the bid documents

so that the contractors take cognisance and implement them during the construction and

operation phase in accordance to statutory requirement of funding agency, the World

Bank. The study will be conducted as per the World Bank guidelines for conformation of

environmental and social considerations. The objectives of this study are as follows:

i. To assess the existing status of air (including climate), noise, water environment ,

land environment , natural (biological/ecological) environment, socio-economic

components of environment including parameters of human interests i.e., public

health and resettlements issues at the project site.

ii. To identify potential significant impacts on the above environmental components due

to proposed project activities

iii. To predict significant qualitative and quantitative impacts on the major environmental

components

iv. To prepare an environmental impact statement based on the identification, prediction

and evaluation of impacts

v. To delineate Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP) outlining preventive

and control strategies for minimising adverse impacts due to proposed activities



1.5 Scope of EIA Preparation of environmental impact assessment report incorporating baseline data along

with an environmental impact statement based on identification, prediction and evaluation

of impacts of the proposed activities related to rehabilitation of water supply and

wastewater infrastructure.

Preparation of an Environmental Management Action Plan (EMP) outlining preventive and

control strategies for minimising adverse impacts due to proposed.

1.6 Environmental Impact Assessment Process Adopted

Incorporation of Environmental considerations into the project planning and design has

been taken up as an integral part of the project preparation.

The EIA preparation led to identification of potential environmental impacts and their

feasible remedial measures (including avoidance, mitigation and enhancements), which

have been included as environmental management plan.

1. 7 Proposed Structure of the Final EIA Report

The EIA report will be prepared as per the requirements of the Environmental Impact

Assessment Notification of Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) under the

Environment Protection Act, 1986, and Environmental and Social Guidelines issued by

Japan Bank for International Cooperation (2002). The report will be structured as follows.

Chapter 2: Project Description- In this chapter, the project area and the design of water

treatment and distribution schemes will be discussed from an environmental perspective.

This chapter will also includes the general features, man made features, Land use pattern

and water quality.

Chapter 3: This chapter discusses the Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework

within which the project is set. The major stakeholder departments of the State and Central

Governments with their specific roles are described here along with the applicable Acts

and Laws. This chapter also covers the clearance requirements at various levels and their

current status.



Chapter 4 details out the Methodology adopted for the Environmental Impact

Assessment. Descriptions are provided for environmental monitoring methodology,

modelling methods and environmental designs.

Chapter 5 reviews the Existing Environmental Scenario. This section includes the

description of the baseline conditions. The meteorology of the area, physical and natural

environment, cultural properties along the project area and quality of life add up to give a

comprehensive picture of the existing environment along the project site and its area of

influence. The data presented in the report is has been gathered from primary and

secondary sources.

Chapter 6 on the Assessment of Impacts determines the extent of the impacts of the

project activity on the existing environment. The focus of section is on the adverse impacts.

The beneficial impacts on the environment due to the project have been detailed in

subsequent chapter under the enhancement measures. The impacts have been detailed in

the same sequence as the existing environmental scenario described in Chapter 5 for ease

of understanding.

Chapter 7 entitled Mitigation, Avoidance and Enhancement Measures forms the basis

of the generation of coherent, comprehensive and concise Environmental Management

Plans for the project area. In addition to the avoidance and mitigation measures for the

physical and natural environmental components, this chapter discusses various

environmental enhancements suggested for the project, including the enhancement of

common property resources.

Chapter 8 reviews the existing Implementation Arrangements and suggests further

institutional strengthening for ease of implementation of the environmental component of

the project. It goes on to describe the set-up required, a reporting system and training

needs to ensure that the environmental expertise required for the effective implementation

of EA provisions is internalised.

Chapter 9 gives Environmental Management Plan for implementation during construction

and operation phase of the project



2 DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN OOFF TTHHEE PPRROOJJEECCTT

2.1 Location

The project is located in Delhi. The rehabilitation, operation and management will be done in two operation zones namely South II and South III located in southern part of Delhi. Figure 2.1 shows the location of South II and South III zones with respect to Delhi.

Fig 2.1 : Location of South II and South III Zones



2.2 Existing Water Supply System 2.2.1 South II Zone

The water supply to south II zone is sourced from water treatment plant located outside this zone. However part of the water supply approximately 15 % is from the tube wells that are located inside this zone.

The water treatment plant at Sonia Vihar is under commission. The planned water

volume to be transferred through the transmission canal to Sonia Vihar is 140 MGD or

about 637 000 m³/d. During 2004 a treatment capacity of about 182 000 m³/d will be

commissioned and the remaining 455 000 m³/d will be commissioned during the year 2005.

This Sonia Vihar WTP will provide additional water source to this zone.

The brief outline of water supply to the South II zone is as follows: o 19 pipelines crossing the boundaries of which 7 have diameters between 700 and

1 000 mm, 2 have diameters between 400 and 600 mm, and 10 have diameters between 100 and 350 mm;

o 338 Tube Wells, of which 320 are in excellent to good condition, operating at optimum to normal efficiency, and 18 are in poor condition, being older than 10 years but still in use. The operational tube wells have to be investigated in order to assess the water quality and their productivity, an activity to be executed under Operation of the Management Contract (MC);

o 170 Deep Bore Hand Pumps (DBHP) mainly of type Mark II, of which 42 units are defective.

A preliminary estimate of the water inflow in OZ II is 172 161m³/d and water outflow is 53 417m³/d. The production of the working tube wells located in the OZ South II is estimated at 21,000 m³/d, representing 15% of the actually estimated supply to this OZ. The yield of the DBHP being an alternative source of water, used only in case of necessity and not being connected to the distribution network is not quantified and accounted. The estimated water supply to OZ II is of 139 744 m³/d for the year 2003-2004. However the results of the flow measuring campaign show that water consumption of OZ II is 215 000 m3/day which is approximately 53 % higher than the estimated value. Hence it can only be concluded that these flows are indicative as the flow measurement was done for very short period.

2.2.2 South III Zone

The water treatment plants supplying water to this zone are located outside this zone. The

future additional water demand of South III will be met from Sonia Vihar plant as in case of

South II zone.

The existing water supply to this zone is through :



o 5 pipelines of which 3 are of 900mm diameter, one of 1 000 mm, and remaining one of 100mm diameter;

o 372 Tube Wells, of which 354 are in excellent respectively good condition, operating at optimum to normal efficiency, and 18 are abandoned. The operational tube wells have to be investigated in order to assess the water quality and their productivity, a target to be executed under Operation of the Management Contract (MC)

o 63 DBHP type Mark II of which 60 units are out of function classified as E – Asset not in use and waiting disposal and only 3 units are in working condition classified as C – Old asset but in operating condition. The 60 units awaiting disposal require dismantling and sealing off to avoid any groundwater pollution, a target to be executed under Operation of the Management Contract (MC).

Historic records of pumping stations indicate that water inflow in OZ III is 143 380 m³/d and outflow 83 650 m³/d. The production of the working tube wells located in the OZ South III is estimated at 20,180 m³/d, representing 25% of the actually estimated supply to this OZ. Hence actual supply to OZ III is 79 875 m³/d, for the year 2003-2004. This is confirmed by the flow measuring campaign results that show that water consumption in OZ III is 59,000 m3/day. The flow measurement does not include the water supply from the tube wells.

2.3 Population and Customer Connection Projections

There are 18 wards in south II zone having 665 267 census 2001 population. It is estimated that the population is expected to grow to 880 497 in the year 2010. The details are given below.

Population Details of South II Zone

Pop. 2001 Pop. 2005 Pop. 2010 Total number of wards 18 665 267 767 785 880 497

The data on customer connections was obtained from the study reports prepared in the past and from the discussions and records from the DJB. Table 2.1 gives existing and projected number of connections in the South II zone. At present there are 94,252 customer connections that are expected to rise to 157,232 connection in the year 2010. The present rate of water supply to this zone is 139.744 million litres per day. It is expected that this rate of water supply will be increased after the commissioning of Sonia Vihar scheme. There will also be reduction in physical losses and NRW enabling more revenue water available in the zone.



Table 2.1 : Customer Connections in South II Zone

Year Domestic Industrial Commercial Unauthorised Total2004 84 577 1 089 7 701 885 94 252[%] 89.73% 1.16% 8.17% 0.94% 100%

Year Domestic Industrial Commercial Unauthorised Total To Execute2005 92 114 1 095 8 292 870 102 371 8 1192006 110 744 1 098 9 641 549 122 032 19 6612007 120 813 1 122 10 029 0 131 964 9 9322008 133 152 1 131 10 731 0 145 014 13 0512009 139 150 1 164 10 886 0 151 201 6 1862010 145 047 1 179 11 006 0 157 232 6 031

62 980

Year Domestic Industrial Commercial Unauthorised Total2005 89.98% 1.07% 8.10% 0.85% 100.00%2006 90.75% 0.90% 7.90% 0.45% 100.00%2007 91.55% 0.85% 7.60% 0.00% 100.00%2008 91.82% 0.78% 7.40% 0.00% 100.00%2009 92.03% 0.77% 7.20% 0.00% 100.00%2010 92.25% 0.75% 7.00% 0.00% 100.00%

Projection of Number of Connections by Type [%]

No. by Type in South_II

% by Type in South_II

No. by Type in South_II

Existing Number of Connections by Type

Projection of Number of Connections by Type

The south III zone has 14 wards with 533 019 population for the census year 2001 that is projected to increase to 705 466 in the year 2010. The details are given below.

Pop. 2001 Pop. 2005 Pop. 2010

Total Number of wards 14 533 019 615 159 705 466

Customer connections data was obtained from DJB. Table 2.2 shows exiting and projected customer connections in South III zone in the categories domestic, industrial, commercial and authorized. The present 70,317 connections will be increased to 125,926 in the year 2010.

2.4 Water and Wastewater Infrastructure The water and wastewater infrastructure in these two zones consists of

Reservoirs Main pumping stations Booster pumping stations Sewage pumping stations Transmission mains Distribution system Trunk sewers Secondary and tertiary sewers Tube wells Deep bore wells DJB customer care centers



A detailed assessment of these above units is given in “Rehabilitation Programme for Water Supply “ and “ Rehabilitation Programme for Wastewater “ reports.

Table 2.2 : Customer Connections in South III Zone

Domestic Industrial Commercial Unauthorised Total64 945 0 5 210 162 70 317

92.36% 0.00% 7.41% 0.23% 100.00%

Domestic Industrial Commercial Unauthorised Total To Execute69 505 0 5 401 113 75 019 4 70277 610 0 5 954 59 83 622 8 60389 557 0 6 845 0 96 402 12 780

107 996 0 8 191 0 116 187 19 786112 663 0 8 480 0 121 143 4 956117 158 0 8 818 0 125 976 4 832

55 659

Domestic Industrial Commercial Unauthorised Total92.65% 0.00% 7.20% 0.15% 100.00%92.81% 0.00% 7.12% 0.07% 100.00%92.90% 0.00% 7.10% 0.00% 100.00%92.95% 0.00% 7.05% 0.00% 100.00%93.00% 0.00% 7.00% 0.00% 100.00%93.00% 0.00% 7.00% 0.00% 100.00%

No. by Type South_III

No. by Type South_III

Existing Number of Connections by Type

% by Type South_III

Projection of Number of Connections by Type

Projection of Number of Connections by Type [%]

2.5 Components of the Activities of the Management Contractors

The Management Contractor for each of the two OZ will be required to discharge the contractual obligations and duties involved in 3 separately identifiable – but inter –related –roles: A. Role as an Operator B. Role as Contractor C. Role as Engineer

The activities involved in each of these roles are set out below.

2.5.1 Role as an Operator

i. Day-to-day management of all DJB managers and staff assigned to the OZ (excluding

responsibility for their employment, e.g. salaries, benefits, etc., but including their performance, appraisal, discipline and decisions as to their suitability for continued involvement within the OZ)

ii. Day-to-day management, operation and maintenance of all assets assigned to the OZ, including



a. Water supply infrastructure within the OZ boundary, including boundary valves and bulk metering of water supplied to, and exported, from the OZ

b. Sewerage infrastructure within the OZ boundary c. Buildings – offices, workshops, garages, etc d. Vehicles e. Office infrastructure

iii. Procurement of all spare parts, materials and consumables related to ii., including payment of charges for utility services (power, gas, water, telephone, etc) related to the management, operation and maintenance of these assets (but excluding the provision of funding of payments, which will remain the responsibility of DJB).

iv. Advise DJB on the management, negotiation, re-negotiation and cancellation of any current out-sourcing contracts related to operations within the OZ, should such contracts exist, and procurement of any out-sourcing arrangements considered necessary by the MC, having first obtained DJB agreement to such out-sourcing.

v. Providing DJB with a budget for all payments related to ii. iii., and iv. in order that DJB may make provision for providing the MC with funding of the expenditure.

vi. Perform the services required of the MC to the program, the performance criteria and service standards specified in the contract documents.

vii. Within a 6-month period commencing 6 months from mobilization, together with the DJB, review the program, performance criteria and service standards and, where considered reasonable, modify these in the light of experience gained from the work of the initial period.

viii. Provision of water supply and wastewater services to the existing DJB customer base a. initially, on takeover of OZ, to the best standard provided for the year

immediately prior to takeover, and b. progressively improving the service provided in accordance with service levels

and a program established in the contract ix. Provision of water supply and wastewater services to households and

industrial/commercial premises not presently served to the levels of service established in the contract, recognizing that there will be different physical infrastructure provisions and separate programs made for a. premises that can afford to pay in accordance with the normal charges of the

DJB, and b. premises that are recognized as being unable to pay all of the normal charges,

e.g. authorized and unauthorized colonies, JJ colonies, etc x. Undertake the activities of customer metering and the billing and collection of water

charges. xi. Training of DJB managers and staff assigned to the OZ such that they can effectively

discharge their individual duties to the standards required by the MC. xii. Establishment, operation and maintenance, in accordance with best international water

industry practice, of a. a system of infrastructure, operation and maintenance records b. management information systems related to all aspects of the operations of the

OZ, including technical, administrative, financial and customer services, and c. an asset management register.

xiii. Produce the following and, having agreed them with DJB, implement them. a. an energy usage reduction plan b. water quality monitoring program c. HR management plan d. safety and occupational health plan e. environmental management plans

xiv. Provide assistance to DJB with respect to tariff design.



xv. Liaison with all public authorities and public and private entities affecting, and affected by, activities involved in discharging their role and the obtaining of all permissions and permits related to the discharge of their role.

xvi. Coordination with DJB of all activities which affect other OZs not the responsibility of the MC, e.g. installation of valves to establish the OZ boundary that may cut-off supplies to areas outside the OZ-with the intention to arrive at a mutually acceptable to any problems caused by such activity.

xvii. Together with DJB’s OZ managers, establish a fair and transparent system the calculation of bonus payments and their division and disbursement to the DJB’s OZ staff and managers.

xviii. Together with DJB develop baseline operational data for the first year of operation by the MC.

xix. Together with DJB, to monitor those aspects of operations relating to: a. bulk water supplied to the OZ – volume and quality b. quality of water distributed to customers c. service levels, including customer complaints and their resolution d. basis of payments to MC, including bonuses and penalties e. bonus payments made to staff

xx. For those areas of operations defined in the contract documents as being appropriate (e.g. GIS, accounting systems, some aspects of MIS), liase with DJB and the other MC to agree common platforms for IT employed by the MCs in the discharge of their duties.

xxi. Provide a set of procedural and operations manuals for all operational activities, as undertaken in the OZ, and for all management systems introduced.

xxii. Compliance with normal reporting requirements of the individual OZ to DJB’s central management with respect to the operations of the OZ.

2.5.2 Role as a Contractor

The activities and responsibilities of the MC as Contractor relate to the procurement and provision of civil and building works and the procurement and installation of electrical, mechanical works, instrumentation, telemetry, control and automation for which bill of quantities have been included in the contract documentation – all in accordance with the contracted value of works.

The quality of materials, equipment and workmanship entailed in the construction and installation activities will be supervised and controlled by an independent third party employed by the DJB.

In respect to these works, the MC is required to:

i. Program the works to meet the program, performance criteria and service

standards set out in the contract documents, and within the contracted price for this category of works, and make such amendments to these as may be necessitated by subsequent modifications to these agreed with the DJB.

ii. Inform the DJB of this program and expenditure budget – and review and modify this program, keeping the DJB informed, as and if the works dictate.

iii. Design the works to the standard specifications for materials, equipment, labour and workmanship of the DJB - where they exist and where they do not exist to the Indian National Standards or, in absence of these, to accepted international standards (DIN, BS or equivalent).



iv. Procure the necessary contractors and suppliers of goods and services or, alternatively, organize and manage the staff of the OZ to undertake those elements of the works for which they are capable.

v. Manage the contractors working on the construction and installation works to ensure their compliance with the standards set out in Bii.

vi. Commission, operate and maintain the works. vii. Provide a set of as-constructed drawings and records and procedural and

operational manuals for completed works and installed equipment in a format that complies with the GIS, system records and management information systems provided under A.

2.5.3 Role as an Engineer

The activities and responsibilities of the MC as Engineer to the DJB relate to the procurement and provision of civil and building works and the procurement and installation of electrical, mechanical works, instrumentation, telemetry, control and automation for elements of infrastructure which could not be adequately quantified in the contract documentation, including the works related to extending services to the poor.

This category of works therefore relates to the rehabilitation or modification of existing infrastructure and those elements of new infrastructure that are determined by the MC, in the course of the contract, to be essential to the achievement of the performance criteria and service standards set in the contract but which could neither be quantified or anticipated at the time of contract preparation.

The activities to be undertaken by the MC are similar to those where he acts as C

ontractor but in this case:

the MC has to obtain the approval of the DJB to the type, value and programming of the works to be undertaken, on an annual or 6-monthly basis, and

the MC – and not an independent third party – will be responsible for monitoring and controlling the quality of the works.

Therefore in respect to this category of works, the MC is required to:

i. Identify the works required and undertake sufficient planning and design to develop

a capital works program with justification of the need for each of the infrastructure elements proposed.

ii. Discuss and agree a capital works program with the DJB. iii. Design the works agreed with the DJB to the standard specifications for materials,

equipment, labour and workmanship of the DJB – where they exist – and where they do not exist to the Indian National Standards or, in absence of these, to accepted international standards (DIN, BS or equivalent).

iv. Produce the contract documents needed to procure the works in compliance, dependent upon the source of funding for the works, with DJB and/or the World Bank’s standard procedures and documentation requirements.

v. Assist the DJB with the procurement of the necessary contractors and suppliers of goods and services.

vi. Supervise construction and installation works to ensure their compliance with the standards set out in 2.7.3 iii above.

vii. Assist with the commissioning of the works. viii. Take over the completed works to operate and maintain them.



ix. Ensure that contractors and supplier provide a set of as-constructed drawings and records and procedural and operational manuals for completed works and installed equipment in a format that complies with the GIS, system records and management information systems provided under 2.7.1

The detailed scope of work as operator, contractor and engineer are outlined in the following reports

Rehabilitation Programme for Water Infrastructure Rehabilitation Programme for Wastewater Infrastructure Performance Targets

2.6 Project Time Schedules

In order to improve the operation and maintenance of water supply and sewage system In these two operation zones, services of the two management contractor of international repute will be hired. The first year of the management contract is expected to generate the desired baseline data. The rehabilitation measures are expected to be completed in first two years. The MC will operate and maintain of the DJB facilities in these two zones for the five years in order to improve the quality of services and enhance the performance of the utility. The total duration of contract of the MC will be six years.



POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE 3 FRAME WORK

3.1 Policy, Legal and Administrative Frame Work

A brief discussion on the various institutions involved and their level of responsibilities in this project implementation is presented in the following sections.

3.2 Institutional Setting for the Project

The Delhi Jal Board

The Delhi Jal Board (DJB) is responsible for water supply and wastewater treatment in Delhi. It was constituted on 6th April, 1998 through an Act of the Delhi Legislative Assembly incorporating the previous Delhi Water Supply and Sewage Disposal Undertaking. DJB supplies water to the entire National Capital Territory (NCT) area of Delhi, which covers an area of about 1,484 km2 and has an estimated population of 14.7 million (based on 2001 Census data). The entire area is divided into twenty one operational zones. An executive engineer is the head of each operational zone. The executive engineers office has three cells viz., administration, technical, and revenue. An zonal engineer and assistant engineer (mechanical ) help the executive engineer for technical matter. Both of them are supported by junior engineers (civil and mechanical, respectively). These junior engineer s are in turn supported by skilled staffs.

DJB, with the help from the World Bank (WB), has decided to improve its water supply systems in order to provide continuous (24x7) water supply to the citizens and to run it as one of the most efficient water utilities. Therefore, an international consultancy firm (GKW consultants GmbH) along with an Indian consultancy firm (Asian Consulting Engineers (ACE) have been appointed for carrying out the engineering study. This EIA report is a part of that study.

Project Implementation

The management contractor (MC) will do the actual work of rehabilitation of water supply and sewer system. An Independent Engineer (IE) will be appointed to supervise the project implementation work. The IE will coordinate between DJB officials and MC.

The DJB do not have special environmental set to implement the measures related to

environmental mitigation. MC will also implement the environmental mitigation

measures suggested in Environmental management plan under the supervision of IE .

But over all responsibility of implementation of EMP will be of DJB.

3.3 Legal Frame Work



The Indian constitution makes environmental protection an explicit duty for every

citizen by the inclusion of the following in the fundamental duties of Indian citizens.

“It shall be duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the environment

including forests, lakes, rivers, wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures”.

In addition, Government of India has laid out various policy guidelines, acts and

regulations pertaining to sustenance of environment.

The legal framework for the project is summarized in following sections.

3.3.1 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and the Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 1994

The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 is the umbrella legislation providing for the protection of environment in the country. This act provides the Environment (Protection) Rules, which were formulated in 1986. The Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 1994 and the various amendments thereto have been notified under this act. As per the amendment, no formal environmental clearance is required for the water supply project from the ministry; if they are not pass through environmentally sensitive areas as reserved forests, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves etc. Under 'The Environment (Protection) Act', 1986, the developmental project requires clearances from the State Pollution Control Board and Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi.

3.3.2 The Water and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Acts

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 resulted in the establishment of the Central and State level Pollution Control Boards (CPCB and SPCB) whose responsibilities include managing water quality and effluent standards, as well prosecuting offenders and issuing licenses for construction and operation of certain facilities. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, empowers the SPCBs to enforce air quality standards set by the CPCB.

The project does not require any clearance from the Delhi Pollution Control Committee pursuant to the Water (Prevention and Control of pollution) Act of 1974, the cess Act of 1977 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981.

3.3.3 The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980

The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 pertains to the cases of diversion of forest area for non-forestry use. The process of obtaining forest clearance under this varies with the legal status of the forestland to be diverted.

In case of Reserved Forest:



If the area of forests to be cleared or diverted exceeds 20 ha (or, 10ha in hilly area) then prior permission will be granted by MoEF, GoI, New Delhi

If the area of forest to be cleared or diverted is between 5 to 20 ha, then the case would be put to the state advisory committee for consideration. The committee after studying the case will recommend to MoEF, GoI for formal approval.

If the area of forest to be cleared or diverted is below or equal to 5 ha, than the MoEF regional office is empowered to give the approval.

If the area to be clear-felled has a forest density of more than 40%, permission to undertake any work is needed from the Central Government, irrespective of the area to be cleared.

In case of Protected Forest

MoEF regional office is empowered to accord Forest clearance for an area up to 5 hectares, which is to be cleared.

In Delhi, for the clearance of roadside plantation developed by the forest department on the land of the PWD/ NHAI/ MCD the proposal has to be submitted to the regional office of the ministry irrespective of the area as per the notification (Reference no.4/1/97/FC dated 18/2/98 circulate on 16/7/99) of MoEF. Moreover, it does not require any compensatory aforestation scheme.

No forestland is involved in this project. Therefore, this act is not applicable for this project.

3.3.4 The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972

The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 has allowed the government to establish a number of National Parks and Sanctuaries over the past 25 years, to protect and conserve the flora and fauna of the state. The act will not be applicable, as the proposed project area does not pass through any National Park or Sanctuary.

3.3.5 The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988

In 1988, the Indian Motor Vehicles Act empowered the State Transport Authority (usually the Road Transport Office) to enforce standards for vehicular pollution and prevention control. The authority also checks emission standards of registered vehicles, collects road taxes, and issues licenses. In August 1997, the Pollution Under Control Certificate (PUC) programme was launched in an attempt to crackdown on the vehicular emissions in the States. Since this act is applicable for all states, this will be applicable for this project also.

3.3.6 The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958

According to this Act, area within the radii of 100m and 300m from the “protected property” are designated as “protected area” and “controlled area” respectively. No development activity (including building, mining, excavating, blasting) is permitted in the “protected area” and development activities likely to damage the protected property are not permitted in the



“controlled area” without prior permission of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), if the site/remains/ monuments are protected by ASI. If excavation is required for rehabilitation of the water pipe line or sewer line is going to be open which is passing through the area within such protected area” and “controlled area”, the prior permission is to be taken from ASI. Moreover, there may be chance find of artefacts or coins, structures, fabrics or any other archaeological relics during construction phase. In such situation also this act will be applicable.

3.3.7 State Level Legislation Other Acts

The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 has been amended to include roadside plantations as protected forest. Under this act, DJB has to obtain clearance from the Forest Department, government of Delhi if any roadside plant is to be cut for the project.

3.3.8 Other Acts

In addition, with respect to hygiene and health, during the construction period, the provisions as laid down in the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 would apply.

With limited possibility, the provisions of the Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 and the Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996 would also apply during the construction and the operation periods.

The applicability of Acts and Rules to the project has been summarised in Table 3.1 below:

Table 3.1: Summary of Relevant Legal Requirements Considered for this Project and

Institution Responsible for that:

Act Year Objective Responsible Institution Applicability to Project

Environmental

(Protection) Act

1986 To protect and improve

the overall environment.

MOEF, DOF, CPCB,

DPCC

Yes

Notification on

Environment

Impact

Assessment of

Development

Projects (and

amendments)

(referred as the

Notification on

1994 To provide environmental

clearance to new

development activities

following environmental

impact assessment.

MOEF, DOF, CPCB,

DPCC

No

as per this

notification no

environmental

clearance is

required for

water supply

project



Environmental

Clearance;

Water

(Prevention and

Control of

Pollution) Act

(and

subsequent

amendments)

1974 To control water pollution

by controlling discharge

of pollutants as per the

prescribed standards

Delhi Pollution Control

Committee (DPCC)

Yes

Air (Prevention

and Control of

Pollution) Act

(and

subsequent

amendments)

1981 To control air pollution by

controlling emission of air

pollutants as per the

prescribed standards

DPCC & Transport

Department.

Yes

Public Hearing

notification of

MOEF of 10th

April, 1997

1997 To Provide procedure of

public hearing

DPCC No

Wildlife

(Protection) Act

1972 To protect wildlife in

general and particular to

National Parks and

Sanctuaries

Wildlife Division, Forests

Department, government

of Delhi (GOD)

No

Ancient

Monuments

and

Archaeological

Sites and

Remains Act.

1938 Conservation of Cultural

and historical remains

found in India

Archaeological Survey of

India and State

Department of

Archaeology

Yes

3.4 Institutional Setting in the Environmental Context



The environmental regulations, legislations, policy guidelines and control that may impact this project, are the responsibility of a variety of government agencies. In all, as discussed in the subsequent sections, the following agencies play important roles in this project.

3.4.1 Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)

CPCB is a statutory authority attached to the MoEF and located in New Delhi. The main responsibilities of CPCB include interalia the following

•

•

•

•

• • • •

•

Plan and implement water and air pollution monitoring programs

Advise the Central Government on water and air pollution monitoring programs

Set air and water standards, and

Co-ordinate with the State Pollution Control Boards. 3.4.2 Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC)

The government agency responsible for ensuring the compliance with the relevant standards related to discharge of pollutant into the environment. The following activities of the DPCC will be relevant to the project.

Planning and executing state level air and water quality initiatives Advising state government on air, water and industry issues Establishing standards based on National Minimum standards Enforcing monitoring of all activities within the state under The Air Act, The Water Act and the Cess Act etc., and Issuing No Objection Certificate (NOC) for various developmental projects.

3.4.5 Departments of Forests (DoF) Government of Delhi (GOD)

The department of forests, Govt. of Delhi is responsible for the management and administration of forest resources in the state of Delhi. The roadside plantations in Delhi have been designated as protected forests. If any, roadside tree is getting affected due to this project, then permission from state forest department has to be taken for cutting of such tree (s) as per the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. Compensatory plantation will be undertaken in lieu of tree cutting from the designated protected forests area within this project area. Moreover, permission to cut private trees, if any, also has to be obtained from the forest department.

3.5 Environmental Clearance Requirements 3.5.1 GOI Requirements

The primary responsibility for administration and implementation of the Govt. Policy

with respect to conservation, ecologically sustainable development and pollution

control rests with the MoEF. The MoEF is responsible to enforce the regulations



established pursuant to the National Conservation Strategy, National Forest Policy, the

Policy for Abatement of Pollution (1992) and the Indian Environmental (Protection) Act

1986.

The Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 1994 identified water supply project as one of the projects requiring no prior permission from the MoEF. Therefore, the environmental impact assessment (EIA) is not statutory requirement for obtaining clearance from MoEF.

In April 1997, MoEF amending Schedule- of the EIA Notification, 1994, which lists projects requiring Environmental Clearance, issued a circular.

'...Environmental Clearance from the MOEF is not required for Water Supply project '.

Source: Gazette Notification, Government of India, dated April l9, 97

Hence, no environmental clearance is required for this project. 3.5.2 State Level Clearance Requirements

The project also not requires any clearance from any of the state level agencies as

there will be only rehabilitation of existing services.

However the contractor is required to take certain clearances from DPCC under water and air pollution act during construction work.

3.5.3 World Bank Requirements

The World Bank environmental assessment (EA) requirements vary based on

classification system of the projects such as ‘Category A’, ‘Category B’ and ‘Category

C’. A project designated as ‘Category A’, requires a full environmental assessment

(EA), ‘Category B’ projects require a lesser level of environmental investigation where

as ‘Category C’ projects require no environmental analysis beyond the determination of

possible impacts.

This project can be designated as “Category B” project, due to its cumulative

magnitude of environmental impacts and therefore, an environmental and social

assessment is mandatory for this project. The Engineering Consultants (EC) have

verified conformance of the World Bank Operational Policies in the project and have

consolidated the EA and EMP accordingly. The emphasis of the World Bank is on

integration of the mitigation measures into the project design and mainstreaming



environment in all stages of planning, implementation and operation. The separate

social impact assessment study is not necessary as there is no resettlement of any

population due to the project.

3.6 Summary of Mandatory Clearances From GOI and DPCC

The project would need the following clearances from GOI and DPCC 1. Permission from state forest department for private tree cutting

2. Delhi Forest Department clearance for cutting of road side trees

3. Consent from Delhi Pollution Control Committee for setting up construction

workers’ camp, and setting up construction equipments , if any.



APPROACH & METHODOLOGY

4.1 INTRODUCTION

The environmental assessment in this project employed an interactive approach in which potential environmental issues have been examined in successive levels of detail and specificity at each step in the process. This chapter presents the methodology adopted for the EIA preparation for the project “Implementation Support for Achieving 24 hours Water Supply in Delhi Phase-I Distribution Improvement” for the mainstreaming of the environmental considerations in this project.

4

4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The environmental impact assessment was undertaken for the project. The important recommendations of the EIA study will form the part of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). It will help the Delhi Jal Board (DJB) to incorporate the measures to mitigate adverse impacts during execution of the project. It will also help the DJB to carry out careful supervision during construction and operational phase of the project. The features studied included settlement facilities, land use, drainage pattern of the area, flora, fauna, ecosystems within project area. The study of the above helped in enumerating areas of concern and identifying critical issues.

The stepwise methodology adopted for the EIA is as follows:

4.3 SCOPING

The statutory requirements for the area of influence required by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, World Bank and consultations with experts determined the scope of the assessment for this study.

4.4 SURVEY AND DATA COLLECTION

The study team visited entire project area and information on various aspects of the project was collected. Maps of the project area also provided valuable information regarding area adjacent to the sites of overhead and ground level reservoirs and booster pumping stations, waster distribution mains. The features studied included settlement facilities, land use, drainage pattern of the area, ecosystems within the project area, other utility services, cross roads, etc. The study of the above helped in enumerating areas of concern and identifying critical issues.

4.2.3 Collation and Analysis of Data

The data collected from various sources and from surveys was used for analysis. Supplementary information was collected from digitised maps, census handbooks and other government publications as well as reports prepared for this water supply project.

4.2.4 Documentation of Baseline Conditions



The documentation of the baseline conditions was completed for the entire project areas. Data was collected with respect to ambient air quality, and noise levels to have an idea of prevailing air and noise levels in the area. In addition to this data from secondary sources was collected related to land use pattern, ground cover, drainage, settlements, other utility services, cultural properties, archaeological monuments/ historical places.

4.2.6 Assessment of Potential Impacts

Potential and significant impacts were identified on the basis of analytical review of baseline data; review of land uses and other environmental factors; analytical review of the socio-economic conditions within the project area; and impact on other utility services present in the project area particularly during the construction period.

4.2.7 INTEGRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN THE DESIGN PROCESS:

“MAINSTREAMING THE ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT”

The design and decision-making process integrated environmental issues and prompted the early identification of appropriate actions. Such actions included, for example, suggestion of noise limits for the new pumps.

4.2.8 IDENTIFIED MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES

Positive and suitable actions were determined, not only to avoid adverse impacts, but also to capitalize on opportunities and to correct environmental degradation or improve environmental conditions.

4.2.10 PREPARATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANS

Environmental management plans have been prepared for construction and operational phase of the project as part of the Environmental Assessment. Responsibilities have been assigned for the various actions identified to limit the adverse impacts of the project. The environmental management plans have been prepared for three phases namely Pre Construction, Construction and Operation (Post Construction) phase.

4.5 Finalising the Environmental Assessment

The baseline environmental setting, the potential impacts and the plausible mitigation measures have been supplemented based on the survey, and data collected from different sources.

4.3.1 COMPLETING THE BASELINE

The baseline condition of the project area has been depicted based on the data collected through field survey and literature review (documents and maps). The data included ambient air and noise level in the area of influence of project , water resources, drainage, land use pattern, soil condition, ecology, settlements, public utility etc. from various government departments.

4.3.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MODELLING

Impact assessment was carried out for key environmental parameters, which have been documented in baseline environmental quality. In addition, the updated baseline and other information collected about sensitive receptors during the subsequent site visits by the



project team provided the basis of making more concrete assessment of impacts. Detailed monitoring methodology for individual environmental component i.e., air, water, noise etc is given in Environmental Monitoring Plan.

4.3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

Since the EMP are to become a part of the contract documents, therefore, it must contain all the information that may be required for the successful implementation of the mitigation and/or enhancement measures envisaged as part of the assessment. The summary impacts for construction phase has been given in EMP. Mitigation and enhancement measures have been specified along with a clear demarcation of responsibilities of the various institutions responsible. A monitoring plan have been established to ensure ease of follow-up activities.



5

DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 5.1 Baseline Environmental Status

The existing environmental set-up of the south II and South III project area has been studied and described in subsequent sections.

5.2 Physical Resources 5.2.1 Meteorological / Climatic Conditions

Delhi is located at a latitude of 28o34’ N and a longitude of 77o 07’E having an elevation of 233 m above the mean sea level. The temperature of Delhi varies from 45oC in the summer month of May to nearly 1oC in the winter month of January. The average mean temperatures based on the observations from 1952 to 1980 are 31.60C (max) and 17.60C (min). The mean relative humidity is 66%.

The months of July, August and September are monsoon months. The total annual rainfall is about 800 mm out of which about 650 mm (80%) occurs in the monsoon month from July to September.

5.2.2 Air Quality The baseline ambient air quality to asses the project impacts has been collected from the data base of National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Project of Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi.

The data on ambient air quality for the locations situated in South II and South III zones is presented in Table 6.1 for January 2004 ( Winter season) and in Table 6.2 for May 2004 (summer season)



Table 5.1: Ambient Air Quality of Study Area ( January 2004)

PARAMETERS /LOCATIONS

SO2

(24 HOURLY AVERAGE)

NO2

(24 HOURLY AVERAGE)

SPM

(24 HOURLY AVERAGE)

PM 10

(24 HOURLY AV Min. Max Mean Percentage

ExceedenceMin Max Mean Percentage


ExceedenceMin. Max Mean

Siri Fort ( R ) 5 9 7 0 26 43 35 0 141 369 241 86 72 167 105Nizamuddin (R )

7 11 8 0 32 50 41 0 187 381 294 75 93 171 127

Table 5.2 : Ambient Air Quality of Study Area (May – 2004)

PARAMETERS /LOCATIONS

SO2

(24 HOURLY AVERAGE)

NO2

(24 HOURLY AVERAGE)

SPM

(24 HOURLY AVERAGE)

PM 10

(24 HOURLY AV Min. Max Mean Percentage



ExceedenceMin. Max Mean

Siri Fort ( R ) 5 9 7 0 21 44 35 0 265 837 428 100 119 157 138Nizamuddin (R ) 8 15 10 0 32 56 42 0 241 1008 508 100 114 416 230

Source: .National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Programme, Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi


Environmental Assessment Report National Ambient Air Quality Standards: The permissible air quality standards for particulate and gaseous pollutants are presented in Table 6.3 as stipulated by CPCB.

Table-5.3: National Ambient Air Quality Standards (CPCB, 1997)

Concentration in Ambient Air µg/m3

Pollutant Time Weighted Average Industrial Rural and

Residential Sensitive

Annual Average* 80 60 15 Sulphur Dioxide(SO2) 24 hr** 120 80 30 Annual Average* 80 60 15 Oxides of Nitrogen (as

NO2) 24 hr** 120 80 30 Annual Average* 360 140 70 Suspended Particulate

Matter (SPM) 24 hr** 500 200 100 Annual Average* 120 60 50 Respirable Particulate

Matter(<10µm) (RPM) 24 hr** 150 100 75 Annual Average* 5 2 1 Carbon Monoxide mg/m3

24 hr** 10 4 2 *Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken for a week 24 hourly at uniform interval. ** 24 hourly/8 hourly values should meet 98 percent of time in a year Source: Central Pollution Control Board (1997) National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Series, NAQMS/a/1996-97

It is observed from the baseline data that the parameters SO2 and NOx are with in the prescribed standards for both the seasons. However SPM and Repairable particulate matter (RSPM 10) are higher than the stipulated standards. SPM and RSPM 10 are higher in summer compared to winter season because of increased dust generation in Delhi in summer season.

5.2.3 Noise Environment

National Noise Standards: CPCB has specified ambient noise levels for different zones for day and night times. Importance was given to the timing of exposure and areas designated as sensitive. Table 5.4 gives the standards for noise levels. The noise level at select locations in the project area are given in Table 5. 5

Table- 5.4: National Ambient Noise Level Standards (as per CPCB, India)

Limits in Decibels (dB(A)) Area Code Category Day Time Night Time

A Industrial 75 70 B Commercial 65 55 C Residential 55 45 D Silence 50 40

Note : (1) Daytime : 6 AM to 10 PM, Night Time: 10 PM to 6 AM : (2) Silence zone is an area up to 100 m around premises as hospitals, educational institutions and courts. Source: Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi

Table 5.5 Noise Levels at Few Project Locations

GKW CONSULT GmbH/Asian Consulting Engineers

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Sr. No. Locations Noise Levels, (dBA)

Standard (dBA)

1 All India Institute of Medical

sciences 60 55

2 Lajpat Nagar 66 55 3 New Friends Colony 57 55

Source: Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi Noise Monitoring Time: 1800 hours to 2300 hours (Date 5th Nov 2005)

It is observed that ambient noise levels in Delhi including South II and South III project zones is higher than the prescribed standards. The noise levels in the pumping stations in South II and South III operation zone are expected to be much higher as most of the pumps are old and inefficient causing high noise.

5.2.4 Water Environment: 5.2.4.1 Surface Water :

The River Yamuna flows from north to south and divides the city of Delhi into eastern and western parts. A hard rocky ridge running from the Southern border of Delhi in the south west in a north easterly direction to the western banks of River Yamuna near Wazirabad Barrage forms the main watershed of Delhi. The topography created a drainage system that carries rain and storm water from the higher elevations of the West to the Yamuna. While this was the situation on the West of the Yamuna, the Eastern low lying side was originally a part of the flood plain of the river and considered un-inhabitable due to frequent floods. However, settlements in this area also began with the immigration after year 1947. Today, this Eastern wing which is also known as the Trans Yamuna area houses about 20% of the total population of Delhi.

There are 19 storm water drains which outfall into the Yamuna from Delhi region . These are Supplementary drain, Najafgarh drain, Magazine Road Drain , Sweepers Colony Drain , Kheybar Pass Drain, Metcalf House Drain, Qudsia Bagh , Mori Gate Drain, Moat Drain , Civil Mill Drain , Rajghat / Delhi Gate Drain, Sen-Nursing Home ,Drain No. 14, Bara Pula Drain, Maharani Bagh Drain , Kalkaji Drain Tehkhand Drain, Tuglakabad Drain and Trans Yamuna drain. Out of these 19 drains, 15 drains outfall into the Yamuna between Wazirabad and Okhla barrages along its right bank. Three drains namely, the Kalkaji drain, the Tehkhand drain and the Tuglakabad drain outfall into the Agra canal, downstream of Okhla weir and the 19th drain, the Trans Yamuna drain or Shahadra drain outfalls from the left bank downstream of Okhla barrage.

These drains were originally constructed to carry storm water of Delhi. However, over the years due to non functioning of the trunk sewers in most parts of the city and due to non provision of sewerage system for nearly 45% of the population of Delhi living in unauthorized colonies, slums and JJ clusters, all these drains are now carrying untreated sewage from these areas and finally discharging it into the Yamuna.

Some of these drains like Bara pula drain, Maharani bag drain, Kalkaji drain, Tehkhand

drain etc get contribution of sewage generated from South II and South III zones. The discharge and water quality of the select drains generating from South II and South III zone are given in Table 6.6.


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Table 5.6 : Flow and Waste Load of Drains Flowing Through South II and South III Zones

No. Drain Name Discharge

(mld) BOD (mg/l)

Total BOD (t/day)

Drainage (Sewerage)

Zone 1 Sen-Nursing Home 100 280 28 Okhla 2 Drain No. 14 153 320 49 Okhla 3 Bara Pula Drain 255 165 42.1 Okhla 4 Maharani Bagh Drain 64 370 23.7 Okhla 5 Kalkaji Drain 11 210 2.3 Okhla 6 Tehkhand Drain 34 310 10.5 Okhla

7 Tuglakabad Drain 8 150 1.2 Okhla

The highest load of 49 tons/day is generated by drain no 14 where as the lowest load of 1.2 tons/day is generated by Tugalkabad drain.

Poor condition of trunk sewers, shortage of sewage treatment capacity and lack of sanitation facilities in unsewered areas of Delhi which account for nearly 50% of population are responsible for sewage flowing in natural drains that causes continued pollution of Yamuna in Delhi region. The problem is compounded by lack of minimum perennial fresh water flow in the river along the 22 km stretch between Wazirabad and Okhla.

The sewerage system in Delhi was constructed soon after New Delhi was built in year 1912 with the establishment of a sewage farm near Kilokari village where pumped sewage was used for irrigation. In year 1938, first STP of 82 mld capacity was constructed at Okhla. By year 1956, capacity of this plant was augmented to 164 mld. Additional STPs were later constructed at Coronation Pillar (91 mld) and Keshopur (54 mld) in year 1957 and 1960, respectively. The treatment capacity increased from 257 mld in year 1961 to 1,290 mld in year 1993. At present there are 17 STPs of total installed capacity of 2307 MLD out of which 67.5 MLD capacity STP at Rohini is under construction.

Delhi has been divided into five drainage zones based on topography. They are as follows:

1) Shahdara 2) Rithala-Rohini 3) Okhla 4) Keshopur 5) Coronation Pillar Beside these, there are newly developed areas of Papankala (Dwarka), Vasant Kunj, Sarita Vihar and Nerala.

The south II and South III OZs fall in the Okhala sewerage zone. Okhla zone is the largest sewerage zone of Delhi. There are 12 trunk sewers in this zone measuring 57.3 kms. Out of this, the single largest Ring Road trunk sewer measures 13.5 kms. The sewers were constructed at different times, the oldest one being the sewer from Delhi Gate to Kilokari pumping station constructed in year 1919 and the most recent one being the Masjid Moth trunk sewer and the Madangir trunk sewer both constructed in year 1978. The sizes vary from 1100 mm to 2740 mm.


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Yamuna river is the major surface water body in the Delhi region. The river is divided in to five distinct hydraulic zones from origin to confluence with Ganga at Allahabad due to construction of barrages and changes in water quality . Zone III Delhi stretch is the most critically polluted stretch of Yamuna. The data obtained from Central Pollution Control Board show that BOD ranges between 15 -33 mg/L , DO ranges between 0 – 0.9 mg/L and coliform count is more than 1 million in this highly polluted stretch of Delhi. Overall this stretch of Yamuna river approximates an elongated sewage lagoon or oxidation pond.

The permissible water quality for surface water which are source for drinking water without treatment but after disinfection, outdoors bathing, drinking water source with conventional treatment, propagation of wildlife, fisheries and for irrigation are presented in Table 6.7 as lay down by CPCB.

Table 5.7 Indian Standard for the Surface Water (CPCB Standard) S.No Parameter A@ B@ C@ D@ E@

1 pH 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.0 2 Colour ,Hazen

unit, max 10 300 300 - -

3 Total Suspended Solid

Not specified in Standard



Not specified In Standard


4 Total Dissolved Solid, mg/l,max

500 - 1500 - 2100

5 Free Ammonia (as N),mg/l, max

- - - 1.2 -

6 Sulphate (as SO4), mg/l, max

400 - 400 - 1000

7 Total Hardness as CaCO3

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

8 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

9 Lead(as Pb) mg/l, max

0.1 - 0.1 - -

10 Dissolved Oxygen, mg/l, max

6 5 4 4 -

11 BOD, mg/l, min 2 3 3 - - 12 COD Not

specified Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

@ A- Drinking water source without conventional treatment but after disinfection. B- Outdoors bathing C- Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfection. D- Propagation of wildlife, fisheries. E- Irrigation, Industrial cooling, controlled, controlling waste disposal.


9-4


The water quality of Yamuna in Delhi stretch is designated as Class C however the existing water quality is exceeding the criteria given for Class E.

5.2.4.2 Ground Water Resources

There are 396 tube wells in South II zone of which 338 are working. From these 338 , 320 are in good condition, operating at optimum to normal efficiency. Only 18 nos. of 338 tube wells are in poor condition and are older than 10 years. These tube wells are producing about 21,000 m3/day of water approximately 15% of the total water available this zone. There is no chlorination facility on these tube wells.

South III zone has 372 tube wells of which 354 are working and 18 are abandoned by DJB. All the 354 tube wells are operating at optimum to normal efficiency. The estimated rate of production of ground water from these tube wells is about 20,000 m3/day, approximately 25% of the total available water for this OZ. No historical data is available about the water quality with respect to physico chemical, bacteriological, heavy metals and pesticides parameters of these wells

5.3 Land Environment

Delhi located at an altitude of 220m above MSL. The total area of Delhi is 1484 sq.km . Delhi is situated on the banks of the river Yamuna, surrounded in the North, West and South by the state of Haryana and in the East by the state of Utter Pradesh. The Yamuna, which bisects Delhi, was its perennial source of water in earlier time.

New Delhi was planned as the capital of India in year 1912, taking into account the fact that Delhi was located between the Ridge - a green lung that also acted as a buffer against the dry winds from the Western dessert - and the Yamuna, which provided a good flow of clean water. The topography created a drainage system that carried rain and storm water from the higher elevations of the West to the Yamuna, providing a natural drainage. The South II and South III zone are located in Southern part of Delhi . The topography of the area is relatively flat and slope of drainage is eastwards towards Yamuna. The entire South II and South III area is urban development with few gardens and parks like Jahapanha forest and Siri forte garden located in between to act as a breathing space

5.4 Economic Development

Okhala industrial estate is the major industrial area in the two OZs . The other parts of South II and South III are mainly residential colonies with few commercial establishments like Lajpatnagar market, M Block market and kalkaji market etc.

5.5 Socio-economic Environment

Delhi’s population has grown from 0.4 million in the year 1901 to around 14.54 million in the year 2002. The projected population for the year 2032 is around 25.84 million. The growth rate has exceeded 50% during the last two decades, while at present the population influx is assessed at the rate of 0.5 to 0.6 million persons per year. The census 2001 population along with estimated population for the year 2005 and forecasted population for the year 2010 are given below.


9-5


Zone 2001 2005 2010 South II Zone 665 267 767 785 880 497 South III Zone 533 019 615 159 705 466

The economic condition of the people in two zones can be said as higher than the average economic condition Delhi . However both the operation zones have slum population.

A research study was commissioned with the Centre for Urban and Regional Excellence (CURE) to determine the features of poor settlements. The population poor settlement in each OZ was calculated using information from the CURE Focus Group Discussions on the number of households and the household size in each settlement . From these findings, an estimates of the number of people connected to the water supply network for South III zone is made. The details of the location of poor settlements in South II zone and South III zone are given in following Table 6.8 and 6.9 respectively.

Table 5.8 : Population of Poor Settlements in South II

Type of Settlement Number of Settlement

s

Estimated No of HH

Estimated Total Population

Jugghi Jhopri Clusters JJC

48 45,000 230,000

Resettlement Colonies RC 3 4,000 20,000 Unauthorised, Regularised Colonies URC

10 31,000 170,000

Unauthorised, Non-regularised Colonies UNRC

9 20,000 150,000

Urban Villages UV 9 40,000 240,000 Total 79 140,000 810,000


9-6


Table 5.9 : Poor Settlements in South III Zone

Type of Settlement Tenure Number of Settlements

Estimated No of

HH

Estimated number of

unconnected (%)*

Extent of

Poverty**

Jugghi Jhopri Clusters JJC

illegal 18 14,000 100% high

Resettlement Colonies RC

legal 8 23,000 0% mixed

Unauthorised, Regularised Colonies URC

legal 6 14,000 0% mixed

Unauthorised, Non-regularised Colonies UNRC

legal 2 900 10% mixed

Urban Villages UV legal 18 35,000 0% low Total 52 86,900

* To legal connections ** Extent of poverty:

High: Majority of HHs in most settlements have income of under Rs 2500/month Mixed: Some HHs in most settlements have income of under Rs 2500/month, most

above Rs 5000/month

Low: Most households have income of above Rs 5000/month 5.5 Cultural / aesthetic Environment

Humayun tomb and Siri forte are the important archeological structures in the two OZs. However there are also many small, less prominent structures of archeological importance in these two OZs.


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6 AASSSSEESSSSMMEENNTTSS OOFF IIMMPPAACCTTSS

6.1 Introduction

This chapter of the report provides an assessment of the potential impacts on different identified environmental components, which are likely to occur during the pre-construction, construction and operational phase of the project. However, the majority of the assessed impacts can be mitigated through the incorporation of appropriate measures at appropriate stages of the project. This will ensure minimum damage to the environment due to the said project.

6.2 Physical Environment 6.2.1 Meteorological Parameters

The entire project area is in a sub-tropical region with three prominent seasons (summer, monsoon, and winter). No change in the macro-climatic setting (precipitation, temperature and wind) is envisaged due to the project.

6.2.2 Air Environment

Design and Pre Construction Phase In the pre-construction phase the activities like opening the pipelines, movement of workers and materials, movement of vehicles carrying construction machinery and materials will generate dust. In the pre- construction stage dust would be the predominant pollutant due to these activities.

Construction Phase

The important activities during the construction phase that produce gaseous pollutants and particulate matter and affect the air quality are listed below:

Digging trenches for laying pipes. Material storage, transportation and handling of construction materials like cement, sand, and aggregates are the activities due to which suspended particulate matter will increase. Movement of construction vehicles will generate gaseous pollutants and particulate matter. Besides, laying of pipelines, construction works like repair of reservoir and over head service reservoir will affect its surrounding residents. Appropriate mitigation measure will be employed during this stage to reduce the pollution level to acceptable limit.

Operational Phase

During operational stage chemicals like chlorine are used in water treatment plant in the form of gas. Chlorine gas could be emitted into the atmosphere due to leakage at chlorination facility and pollute the surroundings. It is recommended to install chlorine sensors to check leakages from chlorine cylinders to the surrounding air.

6.2.3 Noise and Vibrations

Pre Construction Phase


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Noise level during this phase will increase due to the activities like movement of construction machinery and vehicles, clearing of obstruction and breaking the black top of the road during opening the water supply and sewer pipelines. But these activities are not likely to generate high noise levels.

These activities during this phase will prevail only for the short duration and therefore, noise pollution is not likely to be significant.

Construction Phase

During the construction phase, operation of concrete mixers, power shovels for digging trenches for laying pipes would generate appreciable amount of noise. But all such impacts will be temporary in nature and will cease as soon as the construction work is over. The main sources of noise during construction period are:

Site preparation, movement of vehicles during the construction period for the transportation of construction materials; operation of power shovels, concrete mixing plants, if required.

The construction traffic for loading and unloading, fabrication, handling of equipment and materials is likely to cause an increase in the ambient noise levels. The areas affected are those, close to the site. • At the peak of the construction an increase of about 10 dB(A) (Canter, 1977) is

expected to occur. • The peak noise levels for non-continuous construction activity may be as high

as 90 dB(A) (Canter, 1977). For the sake of understanding, typical noise levels generated by some of the construction equipment are given Table 7.6.

Table 6.6 Noise Levels Generated By Some of the Construction Equipment

Equipment Noise Level (dB (A)

Reference Distance

Earth Movers Front Loaders 72-84 0.9 mBackhoes 72-93 0.9 mTractors 76-96 0.9 mScrapers, Graders 80-93 0.9 mPavers 86-88 0.9 mTrucks 82-94 0.9 m

Material Handlers Concrete Mixers 75-88 0.9 mConcrete Pumps 81-83 0.9 mCranes 75-86 0.9 m

Stationary Generators 71-82 0.9 m

On the whole, the impact of generated noise on the environment will not be significant, reversible and local in nature and mainly confined to the hours of construction activity.

Operational Phase

During the operation phase, noise will be generated due to the operation of the pumps.

Pumps will be used for pumping water to reservoirs and intermediate boosting locations for pumping into distribution system .


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The operation of pumps (assumed two in no. per pump house) will result in an insignificant increase in noise levels in the surrounding background noise. It is expected that under the rehabilitation programme new efficient , less noise generating pumps will replace old, obsolete, inefficient and high noise generating pumps. This in turn will reduce the ambient noise levels near the pumping stations.

In order to quantitatively evaluate the impact of the operation of pumps on the surrounding noise levels, propagation modelling has been resorted to. The description of the propagation modelling, methodology and the results of the same are presented in subsequent sections.

Propagative Modelling A propagation model has been used to predict the noise levels at various distances around a single source or multiple sources. The model takes into account that propagation and attenuation of noise pressure wave are dependent on many factors, important amongst them being the medium of travel and the ambient conditions. The model uses the following formula as a basis for such predictions.

(Lob) = (Lr) - (LDiv) - (LAtm)

Where (Lob) = Observed noise level at distance R from source. (Lr) = Noise level of source measured at reference distance r.

(LDiv) = Loss due to divergence at Distance R from source.

The three terms are further defined as :

(LDiv) = 20 Log (R/r) Where, R = Distance at which noise level is to be computed.

(LAtm) = Attenuation due to atmosphere at distance R from

source = a x R/100

Where ‘a’ is atmospheric attenuation coefficient in dB(A)/100m.

The total impact (Lob) of all the sources at particular place is then estimated by adding as the contribution of noise from each of the following sources, as

follows:

/10] 10[ 10 = )L( )L(n=i=1ieq

ob iΣlog

Where n = total number of sources.


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The calculated noise levels are further superimposed (logarithmically) on the background noise levels. The model assumes that the noise spectrum is mainly centered around a spectrum of 1000 Hz and does not account for attenuation due to building materials.

Noise Modelling • The incremental increase in noise levels due to the operation of the pump house

has been done considering the running of two pumps. The noise generated by each of the pumps is taken as 85 dB (A). For the sake of simplicity, both the pumps are assumed to be installed side by side with an inter-distance of 2 m.

• Based on the above, noise propagation modeling was carried out to assess the post project noise scenario using “NOISE" model. The result of the model was superimposed on the baseline noise levels representing the background noise levels of the area to predict the resultant noise level. The resultant noise level represents the conservative estimate of the cumulative impact of the operation of the pumps on the surrounding noise environment. This resultant noise level at the battery limit of the pump house has been evaluated vis-à-vis Ambient Noise Quality Standards in respect of Noise specified under Noise Pollution (regulation and control) Rules, 2000.

• The model considered monitored background noise level of the project area as 55 dB (A). Within the near vicinity of the pumps, model results show maximum increment in the baseline ambient noise level in order of 19 dB(A) occurring in the vicinity of the source. There after the noise level gets attenuated rapidly and within a distance of 25 m from the pumps, there will be negligible impact (3 dBA) in the baseline noise level. This shows that as we go radially outwards from the noise source, the impact becomes insignificant and the resulting noise levels can be assumed to be approaching the background noise level of 55 dB(A).


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The isopleths of the predicted noise levels are shown in Figure 7.1.

Fig 7.1 Isopleths of Noise Levels

Noise will also be generated due to movement of traffic i.e. movement of vehicles for transporting chemicals and movement of staff at treatment plant locations during operation phase. Appropriate mitigation measures are suggested in Environment Management plan.

6.2.4 Water and Drainage

Construction Phase Due to construction activity water will be required for mixing of raw materials. This could affect marginally on water demand but for a limited period.

Operational Phase

There will be increase in water demand due to increase number of supply hours and increase in customer connections. This will be met from additional water available from new water treatment plant being constructed at Sonia Vihar.

The ground water table in south Delhi is likely to improve as the existing tube wells will be phased out over a period of time.

Drainage


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The sewerage system in the project area is in dismal condition due to silting and settlement of trunk, secondary and tertiary sewers. The large portion wastewater at the moment overflows in the natural drains that meet the Yamuna river. Implementation of this project will improve the carrying capacity of sewer network and reduce discharge of untreated sewage into Yamuna river. This is a positive development that has larger positive impacts on public health.

6.3 Land Environment 6.3.1 Disposal of Excess Earth

Rehabilitation of water transmission lines and sewer lines would require excavation and disposal of excess earth would be an important environmental issue. However these strips of excavated earth will be spread over a large area .The excess earth can be used as filling earth for the project construction activities and remaining earth can be used as for filling low lying areas in the vicinity.

6.3.2 Contamination of the Soil

Contamination of soil during construction phase is primarily due to allied activities. The sites where construction vehicles are parked and serviced are likely to be contaminated because of leakage or spillage of fuel and lubricants. Contamination of soil during construction might be a major long-term residual negative impact. Unwarranted disposal of construction spoil and debris will add to soil contamination.

6.4 Ecological Resources

No wild life has been recorded from the project influenced area. Hence, proposed project will not have any impact on wildlife. No impact on the flora or other ecological setting of the area is envisaged in this project

6.5 Human Use Values 6.5.1 Health and Safety

Design and Pre-construction Phase

No impact on health and safety has been envisaged in design phase. In the pre construction phase dust will be produced due to site clearance, which may lead to respiratory trouble to the construction labour or other person in exposure.

Construction Phase

During the construction period the dust released around the construction sites may lead to a number of respiratory diseases. Excessive production of noise during construction may cause disturbance to the residents living in the nearby areas (if exposed for a very long period).

Operational Phase

In the operational phase the constant noise produced by the pumps could create hearing problems to the workers. The positive impact of the project will be the supply of safe drinking water quality to the people that will reduce health problems to the local population and bring in economic prosperity.

6. 5.2 Land Acquisition


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No land acquisition is envisaged in this project. The construction phase will trigger job opportunities for local labours and business potential for material suppliers.

7.6 Aesthetics

The construction activity will involve activities like excavation, transport of materials to construction site and dumps of construction material at site,. All these activities will generate dust, noise and fumes, which will give a unaesthetic look to the project site. The deterioration in aesthetic look of the project site cannot be avoided during construction phase proper mitigation measures are suggested to minimise the same. However after completion of construction phase the excavated areas will be leveled up. New plantations and gardens at the reservoir sites will improve the aesthetics of the area.


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7

MITIGATION, AVOIDANCE AND

7

7

8

G

ENHANCEMENT MEASURES

In the Impact Chapter it has already been discussed that the implementation of “Implementation Support for Achieving 24 hours Water Supply in Delhi Phase-I Distribution Improvement” project will have certain negative impacts on various environmental components, during pre-construction and construction stages of the project. Though conscious efforts have been made to minimise the impacts on various environmental components, certain adverse impacts are inevitable.

The formulation of mitigation as well as avoidance of adverse impacts of the proposed project has been an iterative process. The reduction in magnitude of the adverse impacts during various stages of the project can be achieved through:

Avoid adverse impacts; and Suitable mitigation measures for unavoidable negative impacts on the environmental

components. These measures have been incorporated into the various stages of the project. Based on their applicability, both general and case specific measures were incorporated as follows:

General measures: To avoid or mitigate impacts on environmental components, general mitigation measures have been identified.

Generic: For various adverse/negative impact mitigation measures have been prepared at a generic level so that they could be applied to the strategic locations. The mitigation measures suggested to minimize the adverse impacts envisaged due to the project is described in the following sub sections.

.1 Avoidance and Mitigation Measures

The avoidance and mitigation measures are discussed in the same order as impacts identified in Chapter 6 where impacts have been assessed for each of the environmental components.

.1.1 Meteorological Parameters

As no significant impact on the local meteorological conditions has been identified in the impact analysis chapter therefore, no particular measures has been suggested.

.1.2 Air

Mitigative, Preventive and Enhancement Measures

For suggesting different preventive and mitigative measures, for all the three stages of the project implementation (pre-construction, construction and operational stage) the first preference shall be given to preventive measures and control at source or point of pollution generation and the last preference is for the measures for protection from exposure of different receptors. The analysis of expected levels of pollutants emitted from different sources over and above the contribution from back ground sources reflected that major air pollutant of concern are dust generated during construction stage.

KW CONSULT GmbH/Asian Consulting Engineers 9-15


Pre-construction Stage

The activities like site clearance and excavation for rehabilitation work would generate considerable amount of dust. Water should be sprinkled to settle the dust generated.

Construction Stage

During construction stage, the major sources of air pollution are construction activities, movement of trucks for unloading raw materials or transporting construction debris, which cause primarily dust emission. The mitigation measure is restricting loading and unloading of construction materials/ debris in the prominent down wind direction. If possible, confine the storage of construction materials at a significant distance away from houses (where ever possible). Moreover, the specific measures include:

• Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials like sand and fine aggregates shall be covered to reduce spills on roads.

• Watering of all the temporary roads and construction site shall be done to reduce the air born dust emission within limits so that good visibility is maintained. The guidelines that can be adopted are given in Table 7.1.

• Water will be sprayed on earthworks, temporary haulage and detour roads on a regular basis.

• To ensure the control of exhaust gas emissions from the various construction activities, the contractor shall also take up the following mitigation measures:

- To ensure the efficiency of the mitigation measures suggested, air quality monitoring should be carried out at least once a month during the period of the hot mix plant is in operation.

- All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction will be regularly maintained to ensure that the pollution emission levels conform to the central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) norms. A vehicle management schedule prepared by the contractor and approved by the Independent Engineer shall be adhered to.

• The random ambient air monitoring shall ensure that the significant impacts are being mitigated adequately. If not then the Independent engineer shall also enforce certain additional control measures.

Table- 7.1. Percentage Reduction to Emission Factor during Construction Phase

Mitigation Measure Factor of Reduction (%)

Watering- periodic spraying 35


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Watering – wind activated spraying system

65

Chemical wetting agent or foam 70

Surface crusting Agent 80

Source: US - EPA – 1985


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Operation Stage

• Accidental release of chlorine from chlorine cylinders can be source of pollutant in operation phase. It is suggested that chlorine sensors to deploy in chlorine rooms. Sensors will activate alarm in case chlorine leakage

7.1.3 Noise

Mitigation, Avoidance and Enhancement Measures of Noise Environment

An integrated noise mitigation strategy is proposed, which include preventive and control measures at different stage while noise propagates from sources to receptors. The first among the preferences is to control emission of noise at the source itself then comes noise control within the sound transmission pathway.

Noise levels measured during base line studies as well as predicted noise levels for the operation phase of the project at different locations of the receptors at different distances reflected that the noise level exceed the CPCB standards.

The WHO guidelines given in Table 7.2, besides CPCB Standards are considered for evolving the extent of noise attenuation required.

Table - 7.2: WHO Guideline for Community Noise in Specific Environments

Specific

Environment Critical Health Effect(s) Leq

(dB) Time base

(hours) La max, fast

(dB) Outdoor living area Serious annoyance,

daytime and evening Moderate annoyance, daytime and evening

55

50

16

16

- -

Dwelling, indoors Inside bedrooms

Speech intelligibility and moderate annoyance, daytime and evening Sleep Disturbance, night-time

35

30

16 8

-

45

Outside bedrooms Sleep disturbance, window open (outdoor values)

45 8 60

School class rooms and pre-school, indoors

Speech intelligibility disturbance of information extraction, message communication

35 During class

-

Pre-school bedrooms, indoors

Sleep disturbance 30 Sleeping time

45

School, playground outdoor

Annoyance (external source)

55 During play -

Hospital, ward room, indoors

Sleep disturbance, night-time Sleep disturbance, daytime and evenings

30

30

8

16

40 -

Hospitals, treatment room, indoors

Interference with rest and recovery

As low as

possible

Industrial, Hearing impairment 70 24 110


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commercial shopping and traffic areas, indoors and outdoors Outdoors in parkland and conservation areas

Disruption of tranquility

Construction Phase

Noise emission control at the source is the prime focus of mitigation planning strategy during construction phase. Because during construction stage the workers on the job are the first to be protected from occupational exposure, for that, proper selection of low noise emitting equipment machinery or plants to be selected. Further, in case, the required low noise equipments are not available then insulation barrier of adequate design should be used for enclosing them. During construction, the personal protection of workers by adopting earmuff needs to be adopted. Besides careful planning on scheduling of operation or locating noisy plants, construction yards etc., at a safe distance with respect to the sensitive receptors like schools, hospitals etc. shall also be able to avoid or reduce unwanted noise exposure. Detail mitigation measures are:

• For procuring equipments, the noise emission standards (in absence of suitable

Indian norms the appropriate international guideline on the subject will be considered) in the case of all vehicles, plants, equipments and construction machinery selection shall be taken into consideration. First priority shall be is to avoid occupational exposure and keep emission to safe levels of 90dB(A) for eight hours.

• Equipments, machinery and vehicles will be operated and monitored with particular attention to minimize noise mission adopting silencers and mufflers.

• For mitigating noise exposure from construction plants during its propagation pathway, a safe distance between noise source and receptor (more than 200 mts) in addition to enclosing these plants by barriers (through temporary) to enclose the whole construction zones shall be done.

• Mitigation measures to protect worker from exposure will include providing earplugs to workers.

Operational Phase

The specific measures proposed for this phase is limiting noise emission from pumps. This is done selecting pumps with maximum noise emission levels of 85 dBA.

7.1.4 Water Resources and Drainage

No negative impacts on surface water bodies have been envisaged.

Drainage

The contractor will remove obstructions that may cause any temporary flooding of local drainage channels during construction. No spoil or construction material will be stored outside the proposed construction sites or at places obstructing the natural drainage system.


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In sections along watercourses, the contractor will ensure that earth; stone or any other construction material shall be disposed off immediately at the designated landfill site so as to avoid blocking the flow of water along those channels.

All necessary precautions will be taken to construct temporary or permanent devices to prevent inundation. Temporary drains for collection and disposal of runoff into natural drainage system will be constructed. The contractor will take all the necessary measures to prevent temporary or permanent flooding of the work site or any adjacent area.

7.1.5 Land Environment

With an increase in the traffic volume due to transport of raw material to the construction sites, the contamination of the soil adjacent to the roads used is likely, even though the effect due to this will be very localised.

At the various construction sites, the vehicles and equipment will be maintained and refuelled in such a fashion that oil/diesel spillage does not contaminate the soil. All spills and petroleum products shall be disposed off suitably.

It will be required that the cut and fill works are carried out strictly in accordance to the design drawings. All spoils will be disposed off and the site will be fully cleaned before handing over. The construction wastes will be dumped in Delhi municipality dumping site/ approved by the MCD.

7.1.11 Safety Measures

Construction sites will be provided with First Aid boxes. Protective equipment will be provided for work force as safety measures.

During construction phase, workers will be provided personal protective equipments, which are listed below:

- masks to avoid dust - earplug to avoid high noise level - gum boot, gloves and helmets for general safety.

Traffic Safety Plans

Construction Stage: Construction activities cause hindrance to traffic movement and are also hazardous for the traffic. Traffic management plans shall be prepared and temporary diversion routes will be identified to divert traffic from construction locations. There will be barricades for diverting the traffic. Signboards indicating construction sites on the road and flags shall be erected. All the signboards will have caution.

7.2 Environmental Enhancements

Environmental Enhancements specifically refer to these positive actions to be taken up during the implementation of the project for the benefit of the users and the communities living close to project. The enhancements have been suggested with the objective to enhance the appeal and aesthetics quality of the project.

7.2.2 Plantation Around Sites

The ambience around the pumping stations shall be enhanced, principally through plantation of various types of shade and ornamental trees along with shrubs. Beside the aesthetic value tree plantations have manifold benefits. They may help in reducing the


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air pollution levels, especially SPM in the surrounding area. A marginal decrease of 3 to 4 dB(A) in noise levels may also be expected due to the plantation used for landscaping.

The contractors will do the plantation around the sites (pump houses) wherever space is available. DJB will supervise survival rate of trees. Later DJB themselves or through private operator will maintain the plantation.

7.3 Environmental Management Plans

Environmental Management Plans have been prepared intended to become a part of the contract documents so that implementation of all the environmental measures can be ensured. The implementation actions, responsibilities and timeframes have been specified for each component and adverse impact anticipated. Separate sections detail out the monitoring plan, a comprehensive monitoring system.

7.3.1 Reporting System

The Monitoring and Evaluation of the management measures envisaged are critical activities in implementation of the project. The rationale for a reporting system is based on accountability to ensure that the measures proposed as part of the Environmental Management Plan get implemented in the project.


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IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT

8 8.1 Introduction

The Monitoring and Evaluation are critical activities in implementation of the Project. Monitoring involves periodic checking to ascertain whether activities are going according to the plans. It provides the necessary feedback for project management to keep the program on schedule. The rationale for a reporting system is based on accountability to ensure that the measures proposed as part of the Environmental Management Plan get implemented in right time. This chapter summarizes the existing institutional structure and proposed reporting structure.

8.2 Existing Institutional Arrangements

The existing organization structure of DJB and other stakeholders is summarized in the following section. DJB has an organization structure at the corporate and project level. The reporting structure between the two levels is shown in the Figure 8.1.

8.2.1 Corporate Level

In the DJB organisation structure, in the project implementation level (at each operational zone) executive engineer heads the team and will be responsible for effective implementation of the project activities. He is assisted by zonal engineer and assistant engineer (mechanical). Zonal engineer and assistant engineer (mechanical) are assisted by Junior engineers (civil) and Junior engineers (mechanical). Skilled supporting staffs are there to help these junior engineers. The structure of DJB has been shown in Figure 8.1.


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Technical Unit Administration

Skilled Technical Staff

Zonal Engineer

Junior Engineers (civil)

Assistant Engineer

Junior Engineers (Mechanical)

Skilled Technical Staff

Revenue

Executive Engineer Figure 8.1: Organizational Chart of the Operational Zone 8.3 Other Stakeholders

The other stakeholders, who assist DJB, include Management Contractor, and Independent Engineer.

8.3.1 Independent Engineer (IE)

The IE will have the powers and responsibility for the approval of quality of work of the contractor.

8.3.2 Management Contractor (MC)

The execution of the works will be responsibility of the MC. The contractors will be appointed through Competitive Bids. It is expected that the same contractors who will do construction work will also implement the environmental measures. It will be ensured that each contractor will have enough environmental expertise to incorporate environmentally benign construction practices. Though each contractor will have a set-up for executing works specified in the EMP, it is expected that staff will be appointed to implement EMP for the successful completion of the works entrusted. The contractors are recommended to employ Environmental Engineer/s. The roles and responsibilities of these engineers are given below.

• Ensuring that proper environmental safeguards are being maintained at

construction sites.


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• Ensure that proper facilities are available for the monitoring of ambient air quality and collection of water and soil samples as mentioned in the environmental monitoring plan

• Ensure analysis and reporting of monitoring results 8.4 Environmental Reporting System (ERS)

Environmental monitoring will involve periodic checking to ascertain whether environmental activities are going according to the EMP. It provides the necessary feedback for project management to keep the program on schedule. The evaluation is essentially a summing up of the project assessment of whether those activities have actually achieved their outcomes. The important features of ERS are summarised below.

• The reporting system will operate linearly with the contractor who is at the lowest

rank of the implementation system. The contractor will report to the IE and executive engineer.

• All reporting by the contractor shall be on a quarterly basis throughout the

construction period.

• The IE shall monitor all subsequent reporting by the contractor as per the targets set by them before the contractor move on to the site.

• The compliance monitoring and the progress reports on environmental components

may be clubbed together and submitted to the DJB, periodically during the implementation period for each construction locations in the entire operational zone.

• During the implementation period, a compliance report may include description of

the items of EMP, which were not complied with by any of the responsible agencies. This would help in rationalising the implementation of the EMP during the remaining duration of implementation. Solutions for further effective implementation should also come out as a result of the compliance monitoring reports.

• Photographic records will also be established to provide useful environmental

monitoring tools.

• A full record will be kept as part of normal contract monitoring. Reporting and Monitoring Systems for various stages of construction and related activities have been proposed to ensure timely and effective implementation of the EMP.


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9

9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.1 Mitigation Measures

This chapter summarizes the mitigation measures that form part of environmental management plan for the potential significant impacts identified for the “24 hours Water Supply in Delhi Phase-I Distribution Improvement” project.


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Environmental Assessment Report ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Table 9.1 Environmental Management Action Plan

Responsibility Environmental Issue

Mitigation Measures Implementation Supervision

PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE

P. 1 Tree Cutting (Throughout the Project area)

Required permission from the nodal agency like Forest Department will be obtained by the contractor, if required. Disposal of the trees will be done as per the existing MCD norm in consultation with Independent Engineer and DJB officials.

Contractor Independent Engineer and DJB Officials

P. 2 Relocation of Community utilities

All community utilities i.e., Transformers, Low Tension line, High Tension lines, telecommunication lines, and electric poles which exist at overhead and ground level reservoir locations and pipeline routes which are going to be effected due to this project will be shifted prior to the commencement of the work. All these structures will be relocated with prior approval of the concerned agencies before construction starts. The contractor will relocate these properties in consultation and agreement with the concerned agencies under the supervision of Independent Engineer.

Contractor, Independent Engineer and DJB Officials

Independent Engineer and DJB Officials

P.3 Other Construction Vehicles, Equipment and Machinery

All vehicles, equipment and machinery to be procured for construction will confirm to the relevant Bureau of India Standard (BIS) norms. The discharge standards promulgated under the Environment Protection Act, 1986 will be strictly adhered to. Noise limits for construction equipments will not exceed 75 dB (A), measured at one meter from the edge of the equipment in free area, as specified in the Environment Protection Act, 1986.

Contractor Independent Engineer

P.4 . Disposal of excavation debris and surplus earth, if any

Contractor will make all efforts to use excess earth generated due to excavation of pipeline trenches for refilling the trench. However, if additional soil is required for filling it will be done by excavation from burrow areas. Contractor to identify area for disposal of surplus earth and burrow area for filling and will obtain approval of Independent Engineer before commencement of work.

The asphalt debris generated due to the excavation of road top to open the pipeline (water as well as sewer ) will be disposed off to the municipality disposal ground or may be used by the contractor elsewhere or MCD may use it in the solid wastes dumping ground for haul road construction.

Contractor

CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Construction Stage Activities by Contractor C.1 Construction Wastes Disposal

The pre-identified dump locations will be a part of comprehensive solid waste management plan to be prepared by

Contractor Independent Engineer, and DJB

GKW CONSULT GmbH/Asian Consulting Engineers 1-27




the Contractor in consultation with Independent Engineer. Location of disposal site will be finalized prior to commencement of the excavation on any section of the project location. The Independent Engineer will approve the disposal site. If wastes are to be disposed to municipality solid waste ground then, prior permission need to be taken from competent authorities. Contractor will ensure that any spoils of material unsuitable will not be disposed off in any roadside municipality waste disposal place along the project area.

Officials

C.2. Planning for Traffic Diversions and Detours

While laying the pipe lines through the road temporary traffic diversions will be arranged with the approval of the Independent Engineer. Detailed Traffic Control Plans will be prepared and submitted to the Independent Engineer for approval. The necessary permission required from local traffic police and the contractor will obtain local municipal authorities. The traffic control plans shall contain details of temporary diversions, details of arrangements for construction under traffic, details of traffic arrangement after cessation of work each day, safety measures for transport of hazardous materials and arrangement of flagmen. Public would be inform through sign boards and local press five days prior to commencement of work regarding traffic diversion. The Contractor will ensure that the diversion/detour is always maintained in running condition to avoid disruption to traffic flow. The contractor will also inform of changes to traffic routes, conditions and pedestrian access arrangements. The temporary traffic detours will be kept free of dust by frequent sprinkling of water. The contractor will take all necessary measures for the safety of traffic during construction work i.e. laying pipeline on the road and provide, erect and maintain barricades, including signs, marking, flags, lights, fluorescent construction site marking tapes and flagmen as may be required by the Independent Engineer for the information and protection of traffic approaching or passing through the section of any existing cross roads.

The contractor will ensure that all signs, barricades, pavement markings are provided.

Contractor Independent Engineer and DJB Official

C.3 Procurement of Construction Materials C.3.1 Transporting Construction Materials and Haul Road Management

Contractor will maintain all roads (existing or built for the project), which are used for transporting construction materials, equipment and machineries. All vehicles delivering construction materials to the site will be covered to avoid spillage of materials thus preventing pollution of

Contractor Independent Engineer and DJB





environment. All existing highways and roads used by vehicles of the contractor, or any of his sub-contractor or suppliers of materials and similarly roads, which are part of the works, will be kept clean and clear of all dust/mud or other extraneous materials dropped by such vehicles. Contractor will arrange for regular water sprinkling at least twice a day (i.e., morning, and evening) for dust suppression of the construction sites. The unloading of materials at construction sites close to settlements will be restricted to daytime only.

C.3.2 Construction Water

Contractor will arrange adequate supply and storage of water for the whole construction period at his own costs. The contractor will identify source of water for construction and seek permission from Independent Engineer before finalization. He will be also responsible for taking permission from statutory agency, if required. The contractor will take all precaution to minimize the wastage of water in the construction process.

Contractor. Independent Engineer and DJB

C.4 Construction work C.4. 1 Leakage of water pipeline or sewer line and its Control

Contractor will take all necessary measures to prevent the leakage of water from pipe line or sewer line under construction (rehabilitation). Contractor is required to provide cross drainage pipes of appropriate capacity that would be approved by Independent Engineer wherever transmission line are laid on embankment above ground. This will be required to provide smooth passage to drainage. In addition to the design requirements, the contractor will take all required measures as directed by the Independent Engineer to prevent flooding of the site or any adjacent area.

Contractor. Independent Engineer, DJB

C. 5 Pollution C.5.1 Water Pollution

C.5.1 Water Pollution from Construction Wastewater

The Contractor will take all precautionary measures to prevent the wastewater during construction to accumulate anywhere. All waste arising from the project is to be disposed off in the manner that is acceptable to the Independent Engineer and conforming to Delhi Pollution Control committee norms.


C. 5. 2 Air and Noise Pollution

C.5.2.1 Dust Pollution from construction sites

The contractor will take every precaution to reduce the level of dust at all construction sites due to various construction activities by frequent sprinkling of water. Contractor will use dust screens around the construction site, i.e., opening excavation of trenches for laying pipeline/ or






reopening the pipeline. C.5.2 .2 Emission from Construction Vehicles, Equipment and Machineries

Contractor will ensure that all vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction are regularly maintained and confirm that pollution emission levels comply with the relevant requirements of Delhi Pollution Control Committee. The Independent Engineer will be required to inspect regularly to ensure the compliance.


C5.2.4.3 Noise Pollution: Noise from Vehicles, Plants and Equipments

The Contractor will conform the following: • All plants and equipment used in construction shall strictly

conform to the MoEF/CPCB noise standards. • All vehicles and equipment used in construction will be fitted

with exhaust silencers. • Servicing of all construction vehicles and machinery will be

done regularly and during routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers will be checked and if found defective will be replaced.


C. 6 Safety

C.6.1 Personal Safety Measures for Labour

Contractor will provide: • Protective footwear, and gloves to all workers employed for

the work on mixing, cement, lime mortars, concrete etc. and opening water pipeline/sewer line

• welder’s protective eye-shields to workers who are engaged

in welding works • Earplugs to workers exposed to loud noise, and workers

working in crushing, compaction, or concrete mixing operation.

• Safety belts to the labours working at higher platforms like

over head reservoirs etc.

The contractor will strictly follow the statuary child labour act. The contractor will also ensure that no paint containing lead or lead products is used except in the form of paste or readymade paint. Contractor will provide facemasks for use to the workers when paint is applied in the form of spray.


C.6.2 Precautionary / Safety Measures during Construction

The contractor will comply with all the precautions as required for the safety of the workmen as per the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 62 as far as those are applicable to this contract. The contractor will make sure that during the construction work:






• All relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the

Building and other Construction Workers (regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1996 will be adhered to.

• Adequate safety measures for workers during handling of

materials at site will be taken up. • The contractor will comply with all regulations regarding safe

scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, stairwells, excavations, and safe means of entry and exit .

C.6.3 Risk from Electrical Equipment

The contractor will comply the relevant industrial electrical safety legislations. The Contractor will take adequate precautions to prevent danger from electrical equipment i.e., • no material will be so stacked or placed as to cause danger or

inconvenience to any person or the public. • all necessary fencing and lights will be provided to protect the

public . • all machines to be used in the construction will conform to the

relevant Indian Standards (IS) codes, will be free from patent defect, will be kept in good working order, will be regularly inspected and properly maintained as per IS provision and to the satisfaction of the Independent Engineer.


C.6.4 First Aid The contractor will arrange for

• A readily available first aid kit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances as per the Factories Rules of Delhi at every workplace

• Suitable transport to take injured or sick person(s) to the nearest hospital.


C.5.5 Informatory Signs and Hoardings

The contractor will provide, erect and maintain informatory/ safety signs, hoardings written in English, and Hindi wherever required or as suggested by the Independent Engineer.


C. 7 Plantation/ Preservation/ Conservation Measures

C.7.1 Flora Protection

The contractor will take reasonable precaution to prevent his workmen and employees from removing and damaging any flora (plant/vegetation) from the project area.


C.7.2 Chance Found Archaeological Property

All fossils, coins, articles of value of antiquity, structures and other remains or things of geological or archaeological interest discovered on any project location during excavation/ construction shall be the property of the Government, and shall be dealt with as per provisions of the relevant legislation. The contractor will take reasonable precaution to prevent his workmen or any other persons from removing and damaging any such article or thing. He will, immediately upon discovery thereof and before removal acquaint the Independent Engineer of such






discovery and carry out the Independent Engineer’s instructions for dealing with the same, till then all work shall be stopped. DJB will seek direction from the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) before instructing the Contractor to recommence the work in the same site.

Construction activities by Environmental Cell Con.1 Tree Plantation

Trees should be planted wherever space is available at the reservoir/ pump sites so as to compensate the trees lost by cutting the road side trees due to the opening the sewage/ water line. The contractor will do the plantation wherever space is available around the water pumping stations/ sewage pumping stations/ reservoirs. Minimum 80 percent survival rate of the saplings will be acceptable otherwise the contractor will replace died plants at own cost. The contractor will maintain the plantation till they handover the project site to DJB. The Independent Engineer will inspect regularly the survivability of the plants.

DJB DJB

OPERATIONS STAGE Operation stage activities by Environmental cell O.1 Pollution Monitoring

The periodic monitoring of the ambient noise levels, water (ground water) quality, soil pollution/ contamination in the select location that would be suggested in pollution monitoring plan in EMP.

Pollution Monitoring Agency appointed by DJB.

DJB

O.1.1 Atmospheric Pollution

Accidental Chlorine emission into air should be checked and proper safety measures should be taken.


DJB

O.1.2 Noise Pollution

Noise pollution will be monitored as per monitoring plan that would be suggested in EMP in each pumping stations.


DJB

O.3 Other ActivitiesOrientation of Implementing Agency and Contractors

The DJB shall organize orientation sessions during all stages of the project. The orientation session shall involve all staff of Environmental Cell, field level implementation staff of DJB, Independent Engineer and Contractor.

DJB DJB


environment impact assessment_djb

Documents

continuous water supply

water distribution system

available water production

total water demand of

continuous supply

high water losses

scheduled water services

hours of available supply