TABLE OF CONTENTNo.ITEMPAGE

1INTRODUCTION1

2PROBLEM STATEMENT2

3.OBJECTIVES3

4.SCOPE OF STUDY3

5.CASE OF STUDY3

6.PROBLEM SOLVING SOLUTION4-5

7.RECOMMENDATIONS6-8

8.CONCLUSION9

9.REFERENCES10

10.APPENDIX11

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Flood is a natural event or occurrence where a piece of land (or area) that is usually dry land, suddenly get submerged under water. Some floods can occur suddenly and recede quickly. Others take days or even months to build and discharge. Most common is when rivers or streams overflow their banks. Excessive rain, a ruptured dam or levee, rapid ice melting in the mountains or even an unfortunately placed beaver dam can overwhelm a river and send it spreading over the adjacent land, called a floodplain. This flashflood can be extremely dangerous because it sweeping everything in its path downstream.

Floods in Malaysia are regular natural disaster in Malaysia which happens nearly every year during the monsoon season. As part of the northeast monsoon, heavy rain since 17 December 2014 forced 3,390 people in Kelantan and 4,209 people in Terengganu to flee their homes. Several Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM) intercity train services along the East services along the East Coast route were disrupted on 18 December 2014 following the floods. On 20 December 2014, the area of Kajang, Selangor, was also hit by serious floods. By 23 December 2014, most rivers Kelantan, Pahang, Perak and Terengganu had reached dangerous levels. Due to rising water levels, most businesses were affected about 60,000 people were displaced in the next day. The state of Kelantan had the most evacuees.

Given Malaysias geographical location, most floods that occur are a natural result of of cylindrical monsoons during the local tropical wet season that are characterized by heavy and regular rainfall from roughly October and March. Floods in Southern Johor was believes to be caused by the Gore Effect. This is because Johor is not within the usual monsoon affected zone.

2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENTArea of Parit Raja including campus of UTHM is facing flood and water shortage every year due to topographically is flat and most of the top layer of soil is occupied by clay. The flood (flash flood) occurred due to the drainage system is poor caused by the rate of infiltration of clay soil is low that cannot contribute to the drainage system and back water from the main-drain/river that flows back to the drainage area as the topography is flat (Fig.1.1). Meanwhile water shortage occurred due to the main sources of water supply are not sufficient to fulfill the water requirements as the available groundwater is limited which cannot contribute to the water supply.

Figure 1.1 Flash Flood in UTHM

3.0 OBJECTIVES

From this study, there are two (2) objectives that we want to achieve. i. To identify factors that can lead to environmental problem around case study location.ii. To provide solution that can help solve the environmental problem.

4.0 SCOPE OF STUDY

The location that we chose for the case study is at the Lorong Ali which is near from Warung Makan Azizah and also in front of the Taman Universiti area. It is still in area of Parit Raja where we were supposed to identify the problem for the case study.

5.0 CASE OF STUDYInvestigations were done at Parit Raja Area located in the district of Batu Pahat situated near Taman Universiti, it is in-front of Taman Universiti at Lorong Ali. Well known for its locals and students community, this area is a mix up of industry building and local people food stall. Our exact location is the drainage at the beside Warung Azizah. This area has a main drain that not flows because of environmental problem and we decide to make a study case to know the cause of the problem. The drainage has a bad smell in the afternoon and customer of the restaurant become uncomfortable.

6.0 PROBLEM SOLVING SOLUTIONIn order to overcome the problems, several solutions should be considered:1. Role of public and private sectorStrengthen the role in environmental protection and management. Public and private sector must exercise respect and care for the environment in accordance with the highest moral and ethical standards.Besides, public and private sector involve should integrate environmental dimensions in formulating, planning and implement policies, and objective of all sectors to protect the environment. 1. Awareness campaignPublic in general are mostly not aware of the importance of environment in our daily life. Thus, public are unlikely to realize abandon the responsibilities and commitment toward environment could prove be a fatal mistake. Thus, awareness campaign about the conservation of nature vitality's and diversity should be conducted frequently in every opportunity. Frequent exposure of such campaign can slowly attract the public attention. Not only that, this can helps public to start participate actively and effectively in any regional and global effort toward environmental conservations and enhancement.1. Enforce lawAny violated laws must be taken as a serious environmental affairs. This is to show all parties that, no matter how small the environmental affair is, it must be taken care of in order to save and conserve the environment.Local and global authority must enforce law for the prevention, abatement, control of pollution and enhancement of environment. Authority must conduct frequent check up in all developing area should they violated the Environment Quality Act (EQA) 1974 and a severe punishment must be presented.

1. Increase the effectiveness of management in all sector When a decision is made to overcome a problem, we must need an effective management to implement the objectives. Therefore, commitment and accountability among all parties involve must be established in dealing with environmental affairs. Involving parties must ensure the highest commitment to environmental protection and accountability by all decision-makers in both public and private sectors, non-government organizations and general public in formulating and planning to implement their activities.

7.0 RECOMMENDATIONSHumans cannot stop the rains from falling or stop flowing surface water from bursting its banks. These are natural events, but we can do something to prevent them from having great impact. Here are a few:Before the storm.Prevent flooding problems1. Keep storm drains clear of leaves and debris by raking or sweeping materials away from the drains. Drains near street corners and low areas of streets and parking lots are particularly key.2. Dispose of fallen leaves and other yard debris properly - in compost areas, gardens, or take to the landfill.3. Direct downspouts to at least 10 feet away from your home or business and clear gutters of any debris.4. If you're in an area where flooding is known to occur, keep sandbags on hand and put valuables in a safe place.

Prepare for flooding with family members or business associates.1. Figure out the safest route from your home or business to safe ground. You may have to leave in a hurry so make sure everyone understands the plan and agree on a meeting point just in case people get separated. Don't forget about your pets.2. List all valuables in your home or business, including all personal property. Keep the list in a safe location.3. Put supplies of canned food and drinking water, medicine, and first aid supplies in a safe and accessible place, away from flood waters. Include flashlights, radio, extra batteries and cooking equipment.4. Fill up your gas tank. Keep food, water, flashlights and medications in your car.5. If you have lawn furniture or other items outside your home or business, put them inside.

When the water begins to rise1. Monitor radio and TV stations or the National Weather Service for updates, particularly for your area.2. If local officials advise evacuation, then evacuate quickly and safely. You may be directed to go to a specific location. Please follow instructions.3. If water begins to rise around your home, evacuate to higher ground or a shelter, even if officials have not advised evacuation.4. As you travel, watch for washed-out roads, areas where streams or rivers may be flooding the area, and for downed power lines. Also assess low areas, such as dips in the roadway, or areas below water level. Do not attempt to drive over a flooded road. Turn around and drive another way.

After the flood1. Drinking water can become contaminated by material carried by the flood to wells, and cleanup is important to prevent illness from mold and mildew. Pierce County residents who have been affected by flooding should take precautions to preserve their health.2. The Health Department recommends that anyone using water from a well in a flooded area should disinfect the water by heating it to a rolling boil for three to five minutes, then let cool before drinking. Water used for brushing teeth, washing dishes, or food requires the same treatment as drinking water. An alternative method of disinfection is to place eight drops of household liquid bleach into a gallon of waterif the water is clear, or 16 drops of household liquid bleach into a gallon of waterif the water is cloudy. After adding the bleach to the water, let the mixture stand for 30 minutes. Otherwise, bottled drinking water should be purchased from a local market.3. Once the flooding has receded, chlorination and flushing of the well is recommended. If you decide to test your water for the presence of bacteria, the testing should be done by a certified laboratory to determine if bacteria levels are safe for human consumption.

4. Also after the floods, check for moisture on walls, floors, carpets and furniture. The dampness can support mold and mildew, which may cause asthma and other problems. To prevent mold growth, remove as much moisture as possible immediately after a flood. Dry the inside of your home by opening windows and doors and warming the house at least 15 degrees higher than the outside temperature. Mop up any standing water from floors. If furniture, clothing and other items have been dampened by floodwaters, remove them.5. Hand washing is important during clean up to prevent illness. Wash your hands frequently even if you wear gloves. When the only water for available is contaminated, wash your hands with soap and water and then use an antibacterial hand sanitizer.6. Protect yourself during clean up by wearing gloves and boots. Check with your medical provider to be sure your tetanus vaccine is up-to-date. A booster is needed every 10 years.

8.0 CONCLUSIONClimate change is expected to affect flooding through changes in rainfall, temperature, sea level and river processes. Climate change will exacerbate the existing effects of flooding on infrastructure and community services, including roads, stormwater and wastewater systems and drainage, river flood mitigation works, and private and public assets including houses, businesses and schools.Besides, climate change may change flood risk management priorities and may even increase the risk from flooding to unacceptable levels in some places. It is therefore important that your flood risk assessments incorporate an understanding of the impacts of climate change on the flood hazard.As for the conclusion, managing present-day and future risk from flooding involves a combination of risk-avoidance and risk-reduction activities. The treatment options could be a combination of avoiding risk where possible, controlling risk through structural or regulatory measures, transferring risk through insurance, accepting risk, emergency management planning, warning systems, and communicating risk (including residual risk) to affected parties. The best combination will consider the needs of future generations and not lock communities into a future of increasing risks from flooding.

9.0 REFERENCES

i. Bronstert, A., Ghazi, A., Hljadny, J., Kundzevicz, Z.W., Menzel, L., 1999. Proceedings of the European Expert Meeting on the Oder Flood, May 18, Potsdam, Germany, European Commissionii. Grunewald, U., 1998. The Causes, Progression, and Consequences of the river Oder Floods in Summer 1997, Including Remarks on the Existence of Risk Potential, German IDNDR Committee for Natural Disaster Reduction, German IDNDR Series No. 10e, Bonn.iii. Kowalczak, P., 1999. In: Bronstert, A., (Ed.), Flood 1997 Infrastructure and Urban Context, Proceedings of the European Expert Meeting on the Oder Flood, May 18, Potsdam, Germany, European Commission, pp. 99104.

APPENDIX11