Kristian E. Stubkjaerstubkjaer@adm.dtu.dk

Entrepreneurship in research education - Future needs

Founded in 1829

The famous Danish scientist H.C. Ørsted was the first Rector

In 2001, the Technical University of Denmark achieved autonomy

In 2004 the science and industry park SCION was incorporated into DTU

On 1 January 2007, DTU merged with Risø National Laboratory, the Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, the Danish Institute for Fisheries Research, the Danish National Space Center, and the Danish Transport Research Institute.

The new Technical University of Denmark is a broadly founded, business-oriented technological university where research goes hand in hand with education, innovation and advisory functions for government authorities.

Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

Students:

7000 Students

850 PhD-students (3 years)

600 Exchange students (3-6 months)

200 DTU students in international

exchange

900 Participants in supplementary and

further education

Research:1833 Research papers in ISI-

journals 175 PhD dissertations

Innovation:

80 Patent proposals

55 Accepted patent proposals

30 Filed patent applications

Staff: (FTE) 550 Faculty members1050 Senior researchers

(permanent contr.) 500 Researchers (non

permanent contr.)

1950 Support staffTurnover 415 mill. Euro

Facts and Figures 2007

Uddrag af ph.d. bekendtgørelsen• § 1. Ph.d.-uddannelsen er en forskeruddannelse, der har til

formål i samspil med den internationale forskningsverden at uddanne forskere på internationalt niveau. Ph.d.-uddannelsen gennemføres hovedsageligt gennem udøvelse af aktivt forskningsarbejde under vejledning.

• Stk. 2. Ph.d.-uddannelsen tager sigte på at opfylde nuværende og fremtidige behov for kvalificeret arbejdskraft til forsknings-, udviklings- og undervisningsopgaver i relation til universiteter, andre institutioner, virksomheder og organisationer samt til andre offentlige og private funktioner, hvor der forudsættes et bredt kendskab til forskning.

Entrepreneurship not mentioned – but an element we emphasize

Fundamental elements for (modern) universities

ResearchResearchEducationEducation

InnovationInnovation

Next generation scientists

Courses get input from new research

Students learn industry's way of thinking, IPR etc.

Student projects also a way of creating innovationLife long learning for industry staff

Research projects result in new knowledge and products

Industry's needs influence research topics

In a DTU-context innovation is research based progress – preferably sustainable – at an external partner aiming at value added growth

It can happen via common projects with companies (student projects, collaborative projects etc.) or by transfer of IP (know-how, inventions, software).

DTU – Collaboration with industry and

technology transfer

• DTU will have a coherent system of innovation that includes research, education, patenting, licensing, industrial cooperation, company incubation and activities related to science parks

• DTU will offer a program of continuing and further education with broad coverage that disseminates the newest insight into the technical and natural sciences to companies professionals and individuals

Objectives for innovation

Market

Old New

Technology

Old (known)

State of the artTrends and

fashion

NewUser/customer

drivenTechnology driven

A classification for innovation’Red ocean’ &

incremental innovation.

Harley’s for middle-aged men, mechanical watches

Smaller mobile phones

Radical, disruptive, Blue Ocean. Smarter mobile phones and PCs

SCION-DTU A/S

Bioneer A/S

DTU Inno-vation

A/SCooperation with

GTS institutes

Seed Capital

DFM A/S

DTU AFI IPUVæksthus+

Players and relations in Entrepreneurship

John Heebøll VÆKSTHUS+

Entrepreneurship is "the process of looking at things in such a way, that possible solutions to problems and perceived needs may evolve in venturing."

Saskatchewan Government; Ministry of Learning

venture (plural ventures)A risky or daring journey or undertaking.

Here: a risky commercial undertaking with an upside- a so-called hockey stick -

What is Entrepreneurship?

Can a University make a Difference?

• One in four faculty involved in technology venturing

• 5.000+ companies founded by graduates and faculty since 1861

• Employees at MIT– companies > 1.000.000

• Sales of MIT- companies > $250 Billion/yr(DKK 2005: 285 Billion USD)

• If a nation: 24th largest in the world

MIT, Cambridge, Boston

Why is Entrepreneurship important?

John Heebøll VÆKSTHUS+

Does it matter what a university does?Technical University of Denmark

Why is Entrepreneurship important?

John Heebøll VÆKSTHUS+

*

10 opfindelser er i 2 mdr. perioden** Registreres i det år, opfindelsen blev anmeldt***Der er indgivet 135 patentansøgninger for DTU opfindelser (heraf 14 i fællesskab med andre institutioner/ selskaber), 54 er senere tilbagegivet til opfinderne, 14 patentansøgninger er indgivet af andre selskaber under samarbejdsaftaler**** 13 opfindelser, solgt inden patentansøgning var indgivet, ville også være blevet patentansøgt af DTUPatentportefølje: 9 udstedte patenter

DTU opfindelser 31. december 2006

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Totalt

Modtagne anmeldelser

25 37 35 35 46 44 53* 275

Overtaget 17 26 18 26 39 34 29 189

Efterfølgende tilbagegivet opfinderne

8 18 11 19 16 7 1 80 **

Solgt til selskaber 0 0 4 1 3 5 4 17 ****

Licens til selskaber 0 0 2 2 1 0 2 7

Solgt til Start-up selskaber

0 1 2 1 0 4 6 14 ****

Licens til Start-up 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 4

Ret til fremtidige opfindelser til Start-up

0 2 1 1 1 0 0 5

Indgivne patent-ansøgninger

15 19 13 18 31 28 21 135 ***

2005 2006 2007*

Total number of patent ideas

44 53 14

number with ph.d. students involved

21 24 6

Contribution of PhD students to inventions

Half with PhD students

PhD students represent a huge potential

DTU cases

.

Variety of PhD programs and financing

• DTU stipends• Co-financing via research schools (3x1/3)

– Industry participation – typically with co-supervision• Industrial PhD-program

– Industry employment – co-supervision• Research councils• EEC research programs • Industry (part or complete financing)

• Innovation-PhD (5 students – trial started in 2004)

How do we encourage PhD entrepreneurship?• Applicants have to state innovative aspects of proposed

study

• General introduction on how to handle IPR

• Elective entrepreneurship courses are available

General (PhD as an employee)

• DTU encourages employees/students to consider starting new companies

• Departments are dedicated to further innovation by supporting company formation

• Knowledge based entrepreneurs have access to facilities, consultancy and (pre-seed) capital

• DTU has established paradigms for transferring IPR to start-up companies

Courses addressing patentingInformatics and Mathematical

Modelling• ITMAN Graduate School

SeminarsBioCentrum-DTU• Research and Development• Pharmaceutical Technology• Bioinformatics and Gene

Discovery• FOOD Summer School: FOOD

- a matter of life and deathDepartment of Chemical

Engineering• Chemical and Biochemical

Product Design1• Design and test your own

product ideas

Ørsted DTU• Biomedical product

developmentDepartment of Mechanical

Engineering• Innovation in Product

DevelopmentDepartment of Manufacturing

Engineering and Management• Advanced Surface Technology• Business Law for engineers• Knowledge based

Entrepreneurship• Technology, economics,

management and organisation• Study Division• Information Retrieval

Given by VÆKSTHUS+

Ph.D. Course 42705 Knowledge based Entrepreneurship

• First time: 2005• 5 ECTS, 100 – 150 hours• See www.entrepreneur.dk• Only precondition: > 10 students sign up• Takes 8 – 9 weeks, lectures, 6 afternoons• 30 students attended in spring 2007

Entrepreneurship course for PhD students

42435 Knowledge based Entrepreneurship

Enable students to:• Identify business opportunities • Develop business ideas (Opportunity driven creativity) • Develop business models • Analyse markets for technological products and services • Set up questionaires and inverview customers • Analyze customer value proposition • Plan the establishment of a company (Business planning) • Determine capital requirements • Establish cash flow projection • Establish budgets on profit/loss, assets/liabilities • Calculate an equity investment • Specify management competence profiles

Clayton M. Christensen in ’Innovators Dilemma’:Markets that Don’t Exist Can’t Be Analyzed

“Hi AllI just finished this year’s version of the DTU course 42705 ‘Knowledge based entrepreneurship’ and I am convinced that this is the course, of all courses undertaken so far, that will have the biggest impact on my future.”

Jeppe

Our Innovation-PhD trial

Started in 2004 with• Lars Henning (Rindorf)• Sarah (Ruepp)• Troels (Christensen)• Lars Tønnes (Jakobsen)• Niels (Bech)

Each presented an idea suitable for PhD study + product development

All 5 expected to finish later in 2007!

What is an Innovation-PhD?

• Standard DTU PhD study, plus:– Insights into innovative and economic aspects of

research & development and IPR– Writing of a business plan

• Criteria of success:– Clarification of the timeframe for commercial

introduction of the investigated area– Company start-up– Transfer of technology (e.g. a patent)– Introduction of a product

Sarah Ruepp COM-DTU

Niels’ idea: Flash pyrolysis of straw

Straw for energy

• Increasing interest in straw as energy

• 130 MMton straw in EU• 30 to 50 % available• Baled-straw has low energy

density• Transport• >75% related to logistics

Introduction > Flash Pyrolysis > Pyrolyzer > Products > PCR > Results > Conclusions 24/12

N. BECH, 15th European Biomass Conference, 09.05.07

Wheat Straw for Energy

Handling

Storage

Transport

Interest

Insurance

Overhead

Straw

Raking

Baling

Bench Pyrolysis Centrifuge

• Development of a reactor system for conversion of straw to high density bio-oil or bio-slurry in the field

The Pyrolyzer

• Resolve dilemma

• Eliminate baling, handling, and transport of straw

• Improve farmer’s financial incentive

Introduction > Flash Pyrolysis > Pyrolyzer > Products > PCR > Results > Conclusions 26/12

Bech et al. WO 2006/117006.

N. BECH, 15th European Biomass Conference, 09.05.07

Lars’ idea: Crystal fiber for detection of bio molecules

• Fluoresces• Evanescent wave

sensing• DNA og proteins

Jesper B. Jensen et al. (2004) Optics Letters 29: 1974-1976Jesper Bo Jensen et al. (2005) Optics Express 15:5883Lars Rindorf et al. (2006) Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (accepteret)

Troels’ idea: Lab-on-a-chip sample pretreatment

Sarah’s idea: Network Survivability

• Making optical networks resilient to failures in a dynamic way (restoration)

• Developing algorithms and methods to achieve efficient restoration,

• Evaluating the possibility ofapplying network restorationtechniques in today’s and near-future networks, possibly patenting some of the findings, developing a software product

SoftwareFailure !!

Network failures affect our society, and should hence be avoided or rapidly recovered from through smart network design and efficient recovery mechanisms.

Lars T’s idea: Digital control of switching power converters

230 V

Digital controller

Gate drive

IC

Vout(t)

Primary side startup

controller

ADCDigital

compensatorDPWMVout(n)

Ref

e(n)

+-d(n)

PWM output

Digital power management can reduce power consumption in processor units and other equipment by controlling the voltage as a function of processor load

Pros and Cons of an Innovation PhDSarah’s view

Pros:- Ones research work may be directly

applied in a new product or company, which is very motivating

- Chance to learn about the economic aspects of research

- Coaching by entrepreneur experts (i.e. DTU Innovation)

- Scientific curriculum can be extended with courses related to entrepreneurship, IPR, business economy, etc., which gives a broader scope and understanding

- Focus on potentially patentable ideas from the start of the PhD study

Cons and Challenges:- Extended workload (the

”innovation part” comes as surplus to standard PhD work)

- Difficulty to participate in industrial collaborations due to potential IPR issues

- Not being able to research ”freely”, all work should be related to potential product

PhD education:• Focus should always be on high level research• Continue and improve information on entrepreneurship• Make courses on entrepreneurship mandatory?• More Innovation-PhD’s?

Important that the university environment in general is entrepreneurial and supports innovative efforts

Conclusions

Einstein:Not everything that counts can be countedNot everything that can be counted counts

Entrepreneurkursus

Faglig orientering Tekniske målområder defineres af interessefelterne for institutterne COM, Ørsted og MIC. Kommercialisering Fokus på etablering, udvikling og salg af virksomhed i samarbejde med investorer og strategiske partnere. Læringsmetodik Forelæsninger, cases, projektarbejde i grupper på 2 – 4 deltagere. Evaluering Præsentation af forretningsplan Merit 5 point Placering Forelæsninger: 5 eftermiddage à 3 timer. 1 forelæsningsdag per uge. Kick-off, tirsdag 5. april klokken 14.00 Projektarbejde: 2 måneder fra kick-off med vejledning 1X per uge efter aftale. Evaluering: tirsdag 31. maj. Fagligt indhold • Entrepreneurskab og erfaringslære • Forretningsidéer og forretningsmodeller • Erhvervsjura: immaterialret og selskabsret for videnbaserede iværksættere • Finansiering: kapitaltyper, finansieringsmodeller, pre-seed og early stage investorer • Afsætningsøkonomi: Michael Porters markedsmodel, research, analyse, markedsføring • Erhvervsøkonomi: grundlæggende virksomhedsøkonomi, budgettering • Forretningsplanlægning

Cases (tentativt) • Alight (John E. Østergaard) • MMPhotons (Bonni Kryger) • Nanomask (Theodor Nielsen) • Image Metrology (Jan Friis Jørgensen)

Vejledning • John Heebøll • Eksterne parter efter nærmere aftale.

• The entrepreneur has an enthusiastic vision, the driving force of an enterprise.

• The entrepreneur's vision is usually supported by an interlocked collection of specific ideas not available to the marketplace.

• The overall blueprint to realize the vision is clear, however details may be incomplete, flexible, and evolving.

• The entrepreneur promotes the vision with enthusiastic passion. • With persistence and determination, the entrepreneur develops

strategies to change the vision into reality. • The entrepreneur takes the initial responsibility to cause a vision to

become a success. • Entrepreneurs take prudent risks. They assess costs, market/customer

needs and persuade others to join and help. • An entrepreneur is usually a positive thinker and a decision maker.

Entrepreneurkursus, PhD-niveau

KURSUSBESKRIVELSE

Målsætning Kursusdeltager skal udvikle grundlæggende og praktisk anvendelige kompetencer indenfor forretningsmæssig nyttiggørelse af avanceret teknisk viden, teknologi og forskningsresultater. Resultatet af kursusdeltagelsen er en grundlæggende forretningsplan, som præsenteres af projektgruppen (2-4 deltagere) for faglærer og censor, ultimo maj.

DTU framework for company formation• DTU encourages employees and students to consider

starting up new companies

• Departments are dedicated to further innovation by supporting company formation

• Knowledge based entrepreneurs have access to facilities, consultancy and (pre-seed) capital

• DTU has established paradigms for transferring IPR to start-up companies

• Elective entrepreneurship courses are availble to m.sc. and ph.d. students

• Study line in Design & Innovation

TechnologyHuman

resources

New products & services

Patents & licences

New enterprises

Facilities

Capital

Many Factors

ITMAN Graduate School Seminars

• The aim of this course is to give a broad introduction to a series of non-technical-scientific subjects which are vital for the PhD student’s academic and private business career.The invited guest speakers will introduce their specialist topics and expand on these according to the specific needs of the target audience, e.g. “how to secure a software patent”, “how to raise capital for private enterprise” and “dissemination of knowledge in research networks”.The students will achieve a general knowledge and insight into related, relevant fields which will enable them to improve their overall communication, research and business competences in relation to their PhD studies.Each student will, according to own interests and goal, further develop (a) given topic(s) in relation to his/her PhD project in a short report.

•

VÆKSTHUS+

Entrepreneurship is the practice of starting new ventures, particularly new businesses. No – it’s about new business areas; mostly exploited by existing companies

Entrepreneurship is often a difficult undertaking, as a majority of new businesses fail. – Wrong in high-tech venturing

Entrepreneurial activities are substantially different depending on the type of organization that is being started. Partly right – but venturing in a specific business area is pretty much the same inside a company compared to starting a new one

Entrepreneurship may involve creating many job opportunities. Yes indeed – and a lot of values too.

Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit

What is Entrepreneurship? II

John Heebøll VÆKSTHUS+