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Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources

Stewardship & Service, (Open) Access & Preservation, Curation

Peter Burnhill

Director, EDINA National Data Centre, University of Edinburgh, Scotland UK

Knowledge Exchange WorkshopEdinburgh, 9th October 2009

Knowledge Exchange: Sustainable Access to Publications & Long-term Preservation

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Overview for Talk 1. Welcome

• University of Edinburgh & EDINA

2. What we are doing, what we are contributing

1. University of Edinburgh

2. EDINA

3. Agenda: Sustainable Access to Publications & Long term Preservation

• How now to ensure that [future] researchers, students & their teachers have continuity of access to the online scholarly resources they need

4. Working together at the ‘network-level’?• at the national or regional level

• at the trans-national, global level

5. Examples of Projects & Services: ‘network-level’ activity

• PEPRS: piloting an e-journals preservation registry service

6. Our Changing World: Online Services, Author/Reader, Digital Resources

• An abstract model

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Warm Welcome, Wearing Two Hats

1. As a member of the directorate of the Information Services at University of Edinburgh

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Warm Welcome

1. As a member of the directorate of the Information Services at University of Edinburgh, on behalf of

– Vice-Principal for Knowledge Management, Chief Information Officer & University Librarian

– My colleagues: Directors of Libraries, of Computing, AV/LearningTechnology and MIS, now in converged divisions of Information Services– Director of Library & Collections Division (Sheila Cannell)

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Warm Welcome

2. As Director of EDINA, a JISC National Data Centre– serving staff and students at all UK universities, colleges and

research institutions

1. As a member of the directorate of the Information Services at University of Edinburgh

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The University of Edinburgh… is a long-lived research and teaching institution, c.1582

• Where access to, and care of collections always important: – Library is older than its University, c.1580

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The University of Edinburgh… is a long-lived research and teaching institution, c.1582

• Where access to, and care of collections always important: – Library is older than its University, c.1580

• Where access to, and care of digital content also began early– Joint initiative to set up Edinburgh University Data Library in 1983

– Staff active in IASSIST, www.iassistdata.org, the international assoc. for data librarians and data archivists

– With focus on ‘access’ and working with ‘trusted archives’* cf DANS, DDA, ZA, UKDA

(role as Past-President of IASSIST, 1996 - 2001)– Work of the University’s Digital Library in Library & Collections

* Including long term care

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The University of Edinburgh… is a long-lived research and teaching institution, c.1582

• access to, and care of collections always important

• access to, and care of digital content also began early: joint initiative for Edinburgh University Data Library in 1983

• Led consortium bid to establish Digital Curation Centre in 2004www.dcc.ac.uk blending digital preservation with data curation

* (role as Phase 1 Director, 2004 - 2006)

– DCC asked by JISC to investigate LOCKSS; UoE joined the UK LOCKSS Alliance Project led by the DCC (at University of Glasgow)

• Joined the CLOCKSS Project that started in 2005/6– Now acts the Archive Node in Europe since launch of CLOCKSS

* (role as Director on CLOCKSS Board)

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Practising stewardship

• The CLOCKSS initiative www.clockss.org– Collaborative action by publisher and library communities

* deliberately not national libraries* ‘C’ for collaborative/controlled, shared governance, or for closed as

in dark archive– focus on long-term and ‘open’ release in event of ‘trigger event’– World’s leading publishers agree to routine ingest of their digital

journal content into global dark archive of 11 long-lived libraries acting as Archive Nodes

– Uses the LOCKSS (Lots Of Copies Keep Stuff Safe) technology* that automatically checks across the Archive Nodes on the Internet

to ensure bit-consistency and integrity* a ‘private LOCKSS network’, such as could be deployed by any

organisation.

* Was not intending to speak as CLOCKSS Board member but could provide information as needed

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EDINA, UK National Data Centre

• Designated as national data centre in 1995/96– Governed by a Funding Agreement between HEFCE & University

• Mission is “to enhance productivity of research, learning & teaching in higher & further education”

– By providing access to resources through a broad range of high quality of online service, 24/7

– By providing assured project competence for R&D

• Playing key role for JISC and UK HE&FE community as ‘brick in the wall of virtual digital library’– helping to contribute understanding & to build components

* working with researchers to transform their product into development for new and enhanced services

UK funding councils for HE & FE

Content, Tools &

Infrastructure

JISC Sub-CommitteesJISC Collections

acting as platform for network-level services & helping to build the JISC Integrated Information Environment

research, learning & teaching in UK universities & colleges

UK Research Councils

National Data Centres

Author(article)

Reader(article)

Publisherarticle serial

issue

Library(serial)

Licence

A Simple Model of Scholarly Publication(focus on article–length work published in journals)

Libraries and Publishers provide framework …

the traditional ‘middleware’/infrastructure’

... with Licence(s) for electronic (online) and print (on-shelf)

£

P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

Key User (Reader) Verbs:

Discover article of interestLocate service on those articlesRequest permission to use serviceAccess to service/article

Publisherarticle serial

issue

Library(serial)

Licence

Scholarly Publication: just a matter of publishers, libraries and licences?

Libraries and Publishers provide framework …

the traditional ‘middleware’/infrastructure’

... with Licence(s) for electronic (online) and print (on-shelf)

£

P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

Reader(article)

Publisherarticle serial

issue

Library(serial)

Licence

Institutional Provision for Online Access to Publications (Access to article–length work)

Institutional arrangement

Licensed Online Access

Forma£

Economy

ILL/docdel

Author(article)

Reader(article)

Publisherarticle serial

issue

Library(serial)

Licence

Peer-to-Peer Scholarly Communication - beyond institutional walls

peer review

peer exchange

Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’

Forma£

Economy

learned society

Author(article)

Reader(article)

Publisherarticle serial

issue

Library(serial)

Licence*

Will issue of licence by Author for Reader undermine the traditional model?

P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

* All is Licensed, whether for:•Open Access•Privileged of Membership Access•Payment of Cash Access[preserved or current content]

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1. ‘archival responsibility’• especially for value-added & user generated data

– OA eprints (Depot) & e-learning materials (Jorum)* the ‘keep-safe’ repository promise

– geo-spatial (Digimap); audio-visual (NewsFilm)

EDINA – ensuring continuity of access

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EDINA – ensuring continuity of access

1. ‘archival responsibility’ value-added & user generated data– the ‘keep-safe’ repository promise

2. Services: ‘Sustainable Access to Publications & Long term Preservation’

• ‘Open Access’ Host for CLOCKSS triggered content• Support for the UK LOCKSS Alliance ‘cooperative’

But also• Suncat, national (UK) union catalogue of serials

• National OpenURL Router: registry of OpenURL resolvers

• Access control: Privilege of membership for licensed content• Developed Shibboleth pilot for UK Access Management

Federation• Now Technical (metadata) Operator & JISC Expert Group

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EDINA – ensuring continuity of access

1. ‘archival responsibility’ value-added & user generated data

2. Services ‘Sustainable Access to Publications & Long term Preservation’

3. Projects ‘Sustainable Access to Publications & Long term Preservation’

JISC-funded:– PEPRS: e-journal preservation registry service [with ISSN-IC]– PeCAN: post-cancellation (licensed) content [JISC Collections]

But alsoOA Repository Junction: discovery/re-routing via registries International Repository Infrastructure for Open Access– SONEX Task Force on deposit, notification and interoperability

[with Pablo de Castro (Spanish National Research Council), Mogens Sandfaer(Danish Technical University), Jim Downing (University of Cambridge, UK)]

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Piloting an E-journal Preservation Registry Service

PEPRS

Project: JISC-funded, two years starting August 2008– review after 18 months (Feb. 2010) for move into service

Partners: EDINA and ISSN International Centre (Paris)– Support of Governing Body and Directors of ISSN Network

Purpose: Scope, develop & test a registry service – Establish and test an Information Architecture – Seek consensus across stakeholders– Technical & financial sustainability

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Presentations & Publication

1. JISC Journals Working Group, London, August 20082. ISSN National Directors Meeting, Tunis, September 20083. NASIG, 24th Annual Conference, Ashville NC, USA, 4 June 20094. Library of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 15 September 20095. ISSN National Directors Meeting, Beijing, 17 September 20096. PARSE.Insight Workshop, Darmstadt, Germany, 21 September 20097. … yourselves …

P.Burnhill, F.Pelle, P.Godefroy, F.Guy, M.Macgregor, A.Rusbridge & C.ReesPiloting an e-journals preservation registry service. Serials 22(1) March 2009. [UK Serials Group]

P.BurnhillTracking e-journal preservation: archiving registry service anyone? Against the Grain. 21(1) February 2009. pp. 32,34,36

* Intention is to gain international appraisal and support *

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Why a Preservation Registry?• Many schemes emerging to meet challenge

• But who is doing what? – How can libraries & policy-makers assess which e-journals

are being archived* by what methods?* under what terms of access?

• JISC had earlier commissioned a scoping study from Rightscom & Loughborough University – Confirmed expressed need among libraries and policy makers

– Warned of potential burden on archiving agencies

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E-Journals

PEPRS

Scope: Journal and other serial content in digital format– Focus on those serials with the ISSN identifier

* If its worth saving, it should have an ISSN

Multi-level: article is the information object of desire– Focus on Journal Title-level – Issued Content, ie Volumes (Year)– Articles

International: – Matters for the UK

* But matters to all countries

– Cannot be resolved in (national) isolation

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E-Journals and E-Serials: Scale is large but not vast

E-journals and preservation

59,549

66,000

30,000

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

Ulrich ISSN Academicjournals

Thou

sand

s of

jour

nals

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Preservation

PEPRS

Scope: digital preservation agencies for journal content

Multi-level:– 3rd Party organisations (eg CLOCKSS & Portico; PubMed)– National Libraries

* some with legal deposit

– Libraries and library consortia (eg UK LOCKSS Alliance)

– What they say about themselves– What they record about what they hold– Technology / Triggers / ‘Trustedness’ / Access

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Digital Preservation Agencies in the Pilot* Two 3rd Party Organisations

– CLOCKSS

– Portico* Two National Libraries (c.f. legal deposit)

– British Library (BL)British Library e-Journal Digital Archive

– Koninklijke Bibliotheek (KB e-Depot)KB, National Library of the Netherlands

* One library cooperative

– UK LOCKSS Alliance

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Legal Deposit

• Works well with print via legislation and national libraries.

• Countries with legislation enacted (or ‘in train’) for e-materials include: Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Sweden, UK

• But, not all countries (notably USA)

• and in UK (& Netherlands?) the legislation is to support voluntary deposit, with restrictions on mode of access

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Registry

PEPRSScope: what is being done by digital preservation

agencies for e-journals

Multi-level:– Who can register, who decides who…– What should be registered

* Ingest pending (agreed), ingest in progress, ingest completion.

– Self-statement of methods, using comparable vocabulary

International: – Registry must be international / governance & funding– Value of links to CrossRef, Onix for Serials, ISSN etc

ISSN Register

E-J Preservation Registry Service

E-Journal Preservation

Registry

(a)

(b)

Data dependency

Piloting anE-journalsPreservationRegistryService

METADATAon extant e-journals

METADATAon preservation action

Data Model for PEPRS as in Serials vol 22(1) March 2009

Digital Preservation Agenciese.g. CLOCKSS, Portico; BL, KB;

UK LOCKSS Alliance etc.

ISSN Register

Pilot of E-J Preserv Registry Service

Project E-Journal

Preservation RegistryPiloting an

E-journalsPreservationRegistryService

Preservation action metadata

Digital Preservation Agenciese.g. CLOCKSS, Portico; BL, KB;

UK LOCKSS Alliance etc.

E-J metadata

Data Model for Prototype & Working Demonstrator:(1) obtained subsets of data from ISSN Register and from Preservation Agencies; (2) set up secure system for project purposes; (3) developing prototype / demonstrator

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ServicePEPRSScope: delivering value for various use communities

Multi-use communities:– Librarians– Policy makers and funders– Digital preservation agencies– Publishers – Subscription Agents – etc

International: – Action taken in and for the UK– How to provide and sustain an international service

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Project Progress

• Abstract Data Model [as shown]– Data implementation model for Project

• Sample data & data fields from Archiving Agencies– Blogging workshop for all Project participants. – Seek views on data flows, data fields, vocabularies etc.

• Presentations & publications [as shown]

• Screenshots from ‘working’ Prototype [coming next]

• Development of demonstrator for pilot activityScheduled by end 2009

• Assessment of demonstrator & future of pilotScheduled for February 2010

This is a ‘Prototype’ – being shared by project partners, and may be shown to project associates & the funders (JISC): this shows the Basic Search

Success! This shows who is looking after this e-journal

This is a ‘mock-up’based on sample data from the archiving agencies, and using ‘first-cut’fields

What happens when the ISSN entered is a print ISSN

Key role for ISSN-Lsubfield

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Thoughts and action ..

Still early days:

• Use E-Journals Register, sourced from ISSN Register– Over 66,000 e-serials now have ISSN

• Need to agree what users want to know– descriptors of digital preservation policy & practices

• Use network interoperability (to search or to harvest) – for up-to-date, reliable information held by preservation agencies

on and statements about policies and coverage

• ‘Titles’ is easy, but ‘Holdings’ is difficult!– role for DOI and Onix for Serials?

• Ensure that e-journals you care about get an ISSN identifier!– The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) requires it

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Questions and Side Benefits ….

• ISSN is devising workflow for case where ISSN has not been assigned for e-serial content that is being preserved.– Including ‘digitised’ print journals

– some of which may have a print ISSN but many will not

• ISSN Register will benefit from up-to-date publisher information recorded by archiving agencies

• Will need to focus on how to record and display ‘holdings’information on extent of digital content preserved – Years?, issues? Articles???

• If attention is switching from preservation to post-cancellation access, should PEPRS try to adapt?– But that is for a national registry (PeCAN Project)– A national not an international responsibility

• How to be an international registry– Managed by UK (JISC), Knowledge Exchange, EU, ISSN-IC ??

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Re-thinking stewardship for scholarly publications

Central task is to ensure that researchers, students & their teachers have continuity of access to the online scholarly resources they need

• First, the Good News! – Researchers & students have online access to journal articles

* to read & download: Any-where, Any-time* to search, retrieve, link, analyse and use in interesting ways

– digital curation can mean added value

• So what’s the Bad News?

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What are we worrying about?

What is now available online in digital form may not always be so

1. Digital decay• storage media, software, formats, bit rot etc

2. Web has changed essentials of supply chain• Libraries no longer take custody of key e-journals content

* online remotely, not on-shelf locally• Role of libraries as trusted keepers of information disrupted

* licensed to access, not sale of content– although all licences and contracts are negotiable

• Digital preservation is an an international problem requiring international action

• Must to look for ‘network level’ solution– Multiple copies held in multiple places (a network of libraries)

InstitutionalRepositories

free to web access

E-printsSubject

Repositories

Author(article)

Reader(article)

Publisherarticle serial

issue

Library(serial)

Licence

Challenge to Ensure Continuing Access

peer review

peer exchange

Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’

Institutional arrangement

Licensed Online Access

Forma£

Economy

ILL/docdel

Continuity of access

learned society

Long term digital preservation

E-prints

Author(article)

Reader(article)

Publisherarticle serial

issue

Library(serial)

Licence

The Turbulent Present & User-generated Gifts

Open peer

review?

peer exchange

Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’

Institutional arrangement

Forma£

Economy

Role of learned society?

free to web access

Role of Institutional

Repositories?

Web 2.0/3.0: Semantic web

mash-ups, Blogs. RSS feeds, Wikis

Publisher engagement

Preservation & Other Access

Services