enhancing the australian plant biosecurity system … · enhancing the australian plant biosecurity...

Science Protecting Plant Health Conference 26-28 September 2017

Dr Sally Troy, Assistant Secretary, Plant Health Policy Branch

Enhancing the Australian

plant biosecurity system amidst

rapid global change

27 September 2017

Global biosecurity risk is changing

Increased movement of ‘stuff’


Movement – Australian imports

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

PAX 16M 17M 18M 19M

Cargo containers (Inspected)

(410 000)

>2.5M (230 000)

>2.5M (250 000)

Mail (units) 186M 173M 140M 138M

Vessels 16 000 17 000 18 000 18 000


Increased movement of ‘stuff’ • People • Goods • Conveyances (vessels) Changes in land use & environs • Pest distribution • Host distribution Changes in Impacts

Plant Biosecurity is complex Host Number

Plant commodities (species) >35 000

Native plant species (excl algae) 24 000

Potential Plant pests >600 000

• Invertebrates ~600 000

• Pathogens

• Viruses & viroids ~2 000

• Bacteria 1 800

• Fungi 14 000

Very large set of possible novel combinations

Regulating Plant Biosecurity is complex

Many participants in our system

Improvements - How to decide what to do next?

How to talk about progress?

How to talk about what the options are?

How to tell if we’re doing the right things?

Agreed priorities & processes support defensible actions

Standard plant-commodity import and export process

IMPORT EXPORT Process triggered Process triggered

Priorities set Priorities set

Risks analysed • Pest status in Australia • Pest status in exporting country • Risk - Pest pathways – E, E, S & I • Measures to manage risk

Technical submission prepared • Pest status in Australia • Pest status in importing country • Risk - Pest pathways – E, E, S • Measures to manage pests

Conditions determined Protocols negotiated

Implement Implement

Operate Operate

Assure Assure

Biosecurity – protecting production & protecting export capacity

2 key principles in the global phytosanitary trade system to ensure that phytosanitary measures are not unjustifiable trade barriers:

1. Pest status 2. Biosecurity Risk [& Appropriate level of protection]

Plant Biosecurity Management Core Processes

Identify and address changing biosecurity risks

Identify and respond to changing pest status

Export

Import

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Adjusting biosecurity is responding to CHANGE

Change in: • Biosecurity Risk • Pest status




Export

Import

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What is changing biosecurity risk?

• Changes in the probability of: o Entry o Establishment o Spread o Impact

of a pest, or pests

• From changes in: o Pest biology o Host biology o Pathway o Measures o Impact

Changing Biosecurity Risks – a national approach 1. National prioritisation framework – what do we need to identify and address?

1. Framework (PHC 2015)

Changing Biosecurity Risks – a national approach

CAPABILITY

Assess risks

Apply measures (Treat)

Identify (Diagnostics)

Find (Surveillance)

Plan

Negotiate trade protocols

Build awareness

Build capacity & capability

Acquire Knowledge

Find resources

Priorities to • Prevent • Respond • Learn to live with

Priorities for • Agriculture • Environment

Priorities for • Pests • Pathways • Areas

2. Identify National Priority Plant Pests


But why – given lists are always wrong??

Specific pests: Focus attention give handles for communication fire the imagination Create some start points help to test the system identify gaps in our capabilities

Biased by • scientific knowledge / or lack • scientific disciplines • production interests of the creators??



Harvest from industry priorities (>350 priorities)

Expert elicitation - Ensure representation of taxonomic disciplines

Review relative impacts

Don’t take no for an answer



Harvest from industry priorities (>350 priorities)

Review relative impacts

Don’t take no for an answer

Identify environment priorities?

Proportional representation?

Mainly $$ values – what about regional importance, social, environmental importance?

Promise review & improvement PRAFHIS project CEBRA work

Expert elicitation - Ensure representation of taxonomic disciplines

National Priority Plant Pests – the “Top 42”


Pests Numbers on NPPP List

Arthropods 19

Fungi - Ascomycota 6

Fungi - Basidiomycota 4

“Proteobacteria” 5

Nematodes 3

Molluscs 2

Water moulds - Oomycota 2

Virus 1

Total 42

Mostly plant “commodity” pests, but some contaminant / hitchhikers & some natural pathway pests

• Grains pests • Polyphagous horticulture • Forest pests • Social pests


1. Xylella 2. Khapra beetle 3. Exotic fruit flies

4. Karnal Bunt 5. Huanglongbing CLsa & GWSS

6. Gypsy moths

7. Exotic Invasive Tramp ants

8. Mites of bees 9. Giant African Snail

10. Brown marmorated stink bug

11. Zebra Chip CLso (& TPP)

12. Ug99

13. (Russian wheat aphid)

14. Citrus canker 15. Guava rust 16. Airborne Phytophthora

17. Exotic bees 18. Panama Disease Tropical Race 4

19. Potato cyst nematode

20. Liriomyza Leaf miner

21. Fire blight 22. Hessian fly

23. Texas root rot 24. Wheat stem sawfly

25.Golden apple snail

26. Barley stripe rust 27. Heterodera spp.

28.Plum pox virus

29. Exotic drywood termites

30. Exotic subterranean termites

31.Exotic longhorn beetles

32. Bursaphelenchus spp.

33. Fusarium wilt

34. Chilo spp. 35. Black sigatoka

36. Potato late blight

37. Sunn pest

38. Lygus spp. 39. Monochamus spp.

40. Burning moth

41. European canker

42. Dutch elm disease

National Priority Plant Pests – the Top 42 became the “Top 40”


National Priority Plant Pests – the “Top 40” social media campaign


National Priority Plant Pests – the “Top 40” social media campaign


social media campaign

National Priority Plant Pests – getting attention – initial examples


• National Xylella Symposium • Report with proposed actions

• National Tramp Ant Exotic Invasive Ant Symposium • National Plan in preparation

• But this species, or species group, approach will take a long time to complete……

• Hold these pest lists lightly

Changing Biosecurity Risks – a national approach 3. Framework priority by pest

Capability Status [combined Prevention & Response]

Risks Pathway & Pest reviews Triage approach

Measures Import conditions review Proposed: Measures review project

Find National Surveillance Framework Surveillance plans underway via SNPHS

Identify Underway via SPHD, Audit conducted by CSIRO

Plan PLANTPLAN Contingency plan review, Simulations

Contain & Trade continuity Interstate Certification Assurance Scheme Proposed: Host review project

Cooperate incl communicate National emergency response agreements • EPPRD • NEBRA PHA members – industry & government NBC & PHC – government

Build capacity Through PHA, PHC – on farm biosecurity, technical expertise

Fill knowledge gaps PBCRC, PBRI, RDE Frameworks/Lists

Confirm resources Ongoing challenge

Moving beyond National Priority Plant Pests?


evolve into priority pest categories… • taxonomic groups? • functional groups?

Address issues for each capability in framework? • policy • technology • people • information • resources

Formalised National Triage process? Alerting of suspected substantive changes in

• pests • hosts • pathways • impacts • measures

• Cooperation • Capacity • Knowledge gaps • Resources

Apply priorities framework further? • pathways • areas




Export

Import

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What is changing pest status? • Pest status changing from country freedom to:

o Present – under eradication o Present – under official control o Present

• Potential impacts on: o Our exports o Our continued regulation for the pest on imports

• Clear process & requirements, & coordinated actions o Import regulation & export certification o States and territories o Affected industries – agricultural, importers, exporters o Diplomatic staff/overseas posts o Trading partners o Research organisations

Policy & process developments

In addition to the Prioritisation Framework: • National arrangements to respond to new pests (for eradication)

• EPPRD • NEBRA • [Explore] initial arrangements for non-eradicable pests

• National Trade Framework • Area Freedom Framework • General Surveillance Framework • National Surveillance Framework • Policies for ‘present’ pests

• Plant Quarantine Pests and Official Control • [Explore] Regulated Non Quarantine Pests

Changing Pest status – a national approach

PHYTOSANITARY TRADE

National Trade Framework Agreed by PHC45 in 2014

Mechanisms to facilitate phytosanitary trade Domestic plant health delivering international phytosanitary

outcomes Risk analysis

Pest status

Market access needs

Standards for entry requirements e.g. IPPC/ISPM, ICA Rules

Testing (end point)

Pest status statements

Production Systems Treatment Product

integrity

Controls to ensure standards are met

Certification Registered Establishments

Inspection Documentation requirements

Crop monitors

Systems of compliance

Auditing Verification Non-compliance detections

A language to discuss our needs

ISPM standards mapped against the framework

Mechanisms to facilitate phytosanitary trade Domestic plant health delivering international phytosanitary outcomes

ISPM 1: Phytosanitary principles for the protection of plants and the application of phytosanitary measures in international trade ISPM 3: Guidelines for the export, shipment, import and release of biological control agents and other beneficial organisms ISPM 15: Regulation of wood packaging material in international trade ISPM 20: Guidelines for a phytosanitary import regulatory system ISPM 24: Guidelines for the determination and recognition of equivalence of phytosanitary measures

Standards for entry requirements e.g. IPPC/ISPM, ICA Rules

Controls to ensure standards are met

Systems of compliance

PHYTOSANITARY TRADE

Risk analysis ISPM 2: Framework for pest risk analysis ISPM 11: Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests ISPM 21: Pest risk analysis for regulated non-quarantine pests ISPM 32: Categorisation of commodities according to their risk

Pest status ISPM 8: Determination of pest status in an area

Market access needs

ISPMs NOT INCLUDED IN THE FRAMEWORK ISPM 5: Glossary ISPM 6: Guidelines for surveillance ISPM 9: Guidelines for pest eradication programs ISPM 16: Regulated non-quarantine pests: Concepts and application ISPM 17: Pest reporting ISPM 19: Guidelines on lists of regulated pests ISPM 27: Diagnostic protocols for regulated pests ISPM 34: Design and operation of post-entry quarantine stations for plants

Maps the international standards for phytosanitary measures (ISPMs) on the trade process

Eradication arrangements • Agriculture (EPPRD) & Environmental (NEBRA) pests Area Freedom framework & General surveillance framework • Agreed by PHC 2014 • Basis for our claims for country and area freedom from pests

Area freedom – what is required: • Evidence of freedom – general vs specific surveillance

o Evidentiary requirements for absence o System to maintain free area o Evidence of system success

General surveillance o What is basis of evidentiary requirements

National surveillance framework (proposed 2017) • Guide development of general and specific surveillance programs &

capability • Area freedom is one significant objective Quarantine pest and official control policy • Requirements to continue import regulations for present pests

Changing Pest status – a national approach

NATIONAL PLANT BIOSECURITY SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM FRAMEWORK

The National Plant Biosecurity Surveillance System Framework identifies five objectives for surveillance: 1. Early warning (EW) 2. Early detection (ED) 3. Plant pest status/area freedom (AF) 4. Delimiting (DE) 5. Monitoring established pests (ME)

These objectives underpin the Australian Government’s investment in improving biosecurity surveillance and analysis through the Agricultural Competitiveness White Paper.

Endorsed by the Plant Health Surveillance Consultative Committee July 2017

SURVEILLANCE ENABLERS

• Policy and legislation • Partnerships and shared responsibility • Resources and funding

• Technology and tools • People capability • Communications and engagement • Evaluation and assurance

SURVEILLANCE PROCESSES

SPECIFIC SURVEILLANCE

• Specific surveillance programs • Design (surveys, trapping) • Delivery • Data collection • Protocols and procedures • Capability and capacity

GENERAL SURVEILLANCE

• Observations • Inspections • Notifications • Investigations • Data collection

DIAGNOSTICS

• Quality systems • Proficiency testing programs • Diagnostics protocols • Pest reference system • Capability and capacity

APPLICATIONS

PESTS • Emerging pests • Industry priority pests • Social amenity pests • Environmental pests

REGIONS • Border • Urban/peri-urban • Rural • Northern Australia • External Territories • Offshore • Jurisdictions • NRM regions

PATHWAYS • Hosts • Commodities/industries • Regulated • Unregulated/natural • Emerging pathways

• Risk analysis and risk based allocation • Processes and workflows • Information management

For more information visit www.agriculture.gov.au

Changing Biosecurity Risk

Frames to help focus improvements in plant biosecurity

Changing Pest status Building on processes to protect production Clarifying processes and requirements to protect trade

Thank you

enhancing the australian plant biosecurity system … · enhancing the australian plant biosecurity...

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