English Revolution and Constitutional Monarch Chapter 20.1 and 20.2

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Why Should You Care?

• Political democracy rests on the principal that gov’t derives (gets) its power from the consent (the “OK”) of the governed.

• The foundations of English civil rights are:

•1. jury trial

•2. the Magna Carta

•3. common law

• The English Civil War prompted further development of the rights of the common Englishman

What You Should Ask Yourself (and be able to answer)

•How did the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution (2 different events) promote the development of the rights of Englishmen?

Let’s Begin With “King” Elizabeth

From there it seems to be all downhill...

King Elizabeth

Queen James I

whoops, I meant King

James I

Charles IWrote Psalms for the modern Bible: King James version

Charles IDivine Right of Kings means he doesn’t listen to Parliament

They present him with the Petition of Right • king can’t tax people w/out permission of Parliament•he can’t declare martial law• can’t quarter soldiers in private homes in times of peace• can’t imprison someone w/out a specific charge

he signed but ignored it - continued to tax as wanted - he dismissed Parliament because they kept complaining

Charles I He made people angry!1.kept Parliament dissolved2.Parliament mainly Puritan3.made church services more formal (like the Catholic ceremonies) this angered Puritans4.no guarantee of civil liberties5.no juries and judges made decisions in secret - like the infamous Star Chamber6.people didn’t like his absolute rule

Charles INational Covenant and Scottish Rebellion! Scottish as Presbyterian

Protestants- they resent the forcing of Anglican ceremonies!

They signed the National Covenant stating they would never do this...they were loyal to their church more than their (resented-hated) British king

Charles I invades 2x and fails - he finally has to call in Parliament (and they aren’t leaving now!)

This new Parliament is called the Long Parliament

• King can’t dissolve Parliament Parliament must meet at least one time

every 3 years tried to change Anglican Church but that

wasn’t successful

New Laws

Meanwhile....bloody rebellion in British-controlled lands of Ireland

Parliament said they needed an army - Charles refused - Civil War Began in 1642

English Civil War

Cavaliers for the King

Roundheads for Puritan Parliament

English Civil War Oliver Cromwell

Under Oliver Cromwell (military genius) leads the Puritans’ army against the king.

Run Charles I outParliament now the Rump ParliamentEngland is a Commonwealth now

Guess now would be a good time to leave town!I’ll go to Scotland

psst...he didn’t make it - Cromwell had him beheaded!

English Civil War Oliver Cromwell

Life is tough under Cromwell!1653-1658 Life was ugly!lots of battleslots of gossip

His rule - the Protectorate - was unpopular!

English Civil War Oliver Cromwell

This rule would have ended earlier except for :

1. raised enough $ from taxes and land sales to make sure the army was well trained and equipped.

2. Army was disciplined & powerful

3. Enemies were not organized

English Civil War Trade and the Dutch!

I’m not letting the Dutch control all the trade and make all the money!

Navigation Act of 1651• all goods coming to England from other countries need to be carried on English ships or by ships of the producing country.• War with Dutch!

End of English Civil War

Cromwell dismissed ParliamentHe ruled aloneHe died

1660 Parliament invited Charles II to come back and be king!This is the period of Restoration!(the restoring of the king...)

The merry monarch...

Put It In Order

1.Civil War broke out2.Parliament passed Petition of Rights3.Cromwell had Charles I killed4.Charles I refused to call Parliament to session5.Cromwell “failed” to set up a constitution6.Cromwell ruled as lord protector7.Long Parliament began8.Parliament invited Charles II to be King of England

The Glorious Revolution

•Next comes the Glorious Revolution

The Glorious Revolution

•Why is the Glorious Revolution so glorious?

•because it brings a constitutional monarchy to the most powerful kingdom on Earth - Great Britain

The Glorious Revolution

•Let’s get some timing in order...

The Glorious Revolution• 1066 - The original Norman invaders of 1066 (Remember William the Conqueror - the Norman bastard?)

• 1215 - The Magna Carta and its Rule of Law.

•

• 1558-1603 Elizabeth.

• 1603 James I - then Charles I -

• 1642-1651/1658 then Oliver Cromwell and English Civil War

• 1660 Charles II -then James II.(quasi catholic)

• 1688 Glorious Revolution with William and Mary

• It has all been about establishing the worth of the individual vs. the rulers.

•By the time of the Glorious Revolution it is pretty clear that the common man in England has rights not enjoyed anywhere else in the world.

The Glorious Revolution

•How it all begins...

• 1642-1651/1658 then Oliver Cromwell and English Civil War

• 1660 Charles II -then James II.(quasi catholic)

Constitutional Monarchy

The Kings Return

Charles II Restoration Rebirth of English Culture

Constitutional Monarchy

The Kings Return Avoided fights with

Parliament Did fight with Dutch and

won the American colony of New Amsterdam (renamed it New York)

French and British rivalry restarts - this one lasts 150 years!

•Charles II (Catholic) has no heir

•It looks like James II - his brother - an avowed Catholic might inherit!

•England is divided over this issue

•Not enough for another bloody civil war like the one with they just had with the Cavaliers and Roundheads

•This will be a peaceful revolution

Constitutional Monarchy

outlaws• believed James II (Roman Catholic) should rule• believed in Anglican Church• believed in monarchy - enough to accept a Roman Catholic ruler like James

horse thief = rebellious

OMG! James II is Catholic!

need/want strong Parliament and believed they had the right to oppose James as ruler

Tories Whigs

James II seems to be inheriting

the throne

Parliament divides over who should inherit throneWhigs v. Tories

Parliament offersthrone to Protestant Mary (daughter of James II) and husband William of Orange

Glorious Revolutionpower passed without bloodshedEnglish Bill of Rights signed

William (Duke of Orange) and Mary

Glorious Revolution

•Democracy

• The English Bill of Rights was passed by Parliament after the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Power was

•transferred from Catholic James II to his son-in-law and daughter, William and Mary, both of whom were Protestant. The Bill of Rights ensured the supremacy of Parliament over the monarchy in England.  England was still not a true democracy, but it was taking steps toward becoming one.

Changes in Gov’t

•Toleration Act - Religious Freedoms (protect everyone but Roman Catholics and Jews)

• Act of Settlement 1701 - Keeps Catholics from the throne - if William III dies with no heirs then throne goes to Mary’s Protestant sister Anne...and so on - always to Protestants

1700 England is a Constitutional Monarchy

Parliament

House of Lords House of Commons

Prime Minister Cabinet

Act of Union - united Scotland and England

Scotland didn’t like it

encouraged trade

Review

Peter the Great and Catherine the Great changed Russia by

 1. abolishing all social class distinctions

 2. becoming constitutional monarchs

 3. preventing wars with neighboring nations

 4. introducing western ideas and customs

review

“God hath power to create or destroy, make or unmake, at his pleasure; to give life or send death; to judge…and to be judged (by) none…And the like power have kings;…”

Which idea is described by this passage?

 1. theory of divine right

 2. enlightened despotism

 3. Social Darwinism

 4. constitutional monarchy

Review

“. . .The person of the King is sacred, and to attack him in any way is an attack on religion itself. Kings represent the divine majesty and have been appointed by Him to carry out His purposes. Serving God and respecting kings are bound together.”

—Bishop Jacques Bossuet

This statement describes the philosophy that existed during the

 1. existed during the

 2. Age of Absolutism

 3. Renaissance

 4. Industrial Revolution