ENGLISH GARDENS

Submitted by: TANVI MUTNEJA(7022) SANGEETA(7016)

VIDISHA DAS(7025)

INTRODUCTION The earliest English gardens that we

know of were planted by the Roman conquerors of Britain in the 1st century AD.

The Roman gardens are those of the large villas and palaces.

The best example of this is Fishbourne Roman Palace in Sussex

English Gardens• Highlight individual plantings • Avent of the botanical collector’s approach• Cottage gardens

Formal English Gardens• Found In Estate “Parks”• Natural designs found

along streams and swards/ grass.

• The formal English Gardens are surrounded by a yew hedge; the dark green velvet-textured foliage contrasts with the flower colors of deep reds, purples and oranges in the west border to pastel pinks, blues and yellows in the east border.  White flower color accents meld both borders with the Victorian-style pavilion at the north end. 

The elegant, cream-colored pavilion is accented by a traditionally laid blue stone floor and walk that surrounds a large lawn for wedding ceremonies

• The heavy influence of both French and Italian gardening is easily recognized.• They are found In different Colors.• Highlight individual • plantings.• Also found as cottage gardens.

Informal English Garden• The house here has kind

of a cozy look to it, and it's enhanced that with an informal style of design. That's where the beds have curving edges rather than straight lines and where the plants seem to be placed almost at random.

• The massive planting of perennials gives abundant color variation to this backyard.

Elements Of English Garden Landscaping

There are many romantic elements in an English garden

It is always along with a miniature lake, stream or a pond.

Most of the time a bridge or pier is built over the pond as well.

English gardens also typically have a pavilion or a gazebo that are round or hexagonal.

Sometimes they are even shaped as a Roman temple. Even a grotto ( a small artificial cave) may be included in the garden landscape.Other elements that may be included in the English garden are concrete brick pavers as well as interlocking pavers.They just need to fit in with the surroundings as well.The colors and the style are appropriate with the other elements in an English garden.

If we choose to include vinyl fences, which are very durable, you will need to consider the style and color as well so that they look great with the garden.English garden include all the necessary elements like gazebos, water, and yew hedges.

Elements Of English Garden Landscaping

Thick Perennials, Herbs, Vegetables, Roses, Shrubs, Grass

HERBS AND VEGETABLES

Herbs and vegetables are a natural part of the English garden and add gorgeous variety and usefulness to the backyard . Whether you choose to create a “room” specifically for vegetables, herbs, and fruits, or mingle them into the flower beds along a walkway, the results will be simply delicious!

ROSESAn english garden or rather a simple garden without roses has no meaning.The delicate fragrance and appearance of the rose adds endless depth to the garden.A climbing rose along a trellis, arbor, or shed looks beautiful.Or in classic English style, choose to prune your roses to form the same shape every year.

SHRUBSShrubs are a natural part of the English garden as they help form the cozy garden rooms and add so much height variation and interest to the garden space .Whether it’s a cluster of three blue hydrangeas in the center of your perennial garden room or a solid row of hedges forming the backdrop for your lawn party, shrubs can be so useful and sophisticated.

GRASSThe amount of grass that you decide to use in your English garden really just depends on how much mowing you desire to do and what you’ll want to use the lawn area for.

The majority of plants in an English garden are perennials.

However, annuals and shrubs may also be included.  Designers must carefully

consider what will be in bloom each month and what the plant "marriages"

will be.

Then the garden designer must balance the plant pairings for each

English garden to provide a fairly even display of color throughout the season.

A great English garden design will reward its owner with ever changing

beauty throughout the growing season for many years to come.

Garden styles at a glance

Roman Britain: formal, low hedges. Medieval: small enclosed, with turf

seats and mounds. Tudor: knot gardens, enclosed in

hedges or walls.

Garden styles at a glance

Stuart: formal Italianate and French styles Georgian: informal, landscaped, open

parkland Victorian: bedding plants, colourful,

public gardens 20th C: mixed styles, herbaceous borders

As castles gave way to fortified manor houses in the later medieval period, the garden became a simple green space surrounded by hedges or fences.

Games such as bowls or tennis took place on the lawn.

The next stage of the English garden came after the Reformation.

Many landowners enclosed common land to create parks for keeping deer or cattle.

This 'natural' landscape gave way to formal gardens near the house, still sheltered from the outside world by hedges or walls.

TUDORS The Tudors followed Italian influence in creating

gardens which mirrored the alignment of the house, creating a harmony of line and proportion that had been missing in the Medieval period.

For the first time since the Romans left, sundials and statues were once more popular garden ornaments.

But the most prominent contribution of the Tudors to gardening was the knot garden.

Knots were intricate patterns of lawn hedges, usually of box, intended to be viewed from the mount, or raised walks.

The spaces between the hedges were often filled with flowers, shrubs, or herbs.

If the Tudors were heavily influenced by Italian ideas the Stuarts were slaves to the French fashion for formal gardens.

The chief feature of this French style are a broad avenue sweeping away from the house, flanked by rectangular parterres made of rigidly formal low hedges.

The prime survivors of this style can be seen at Blickling Hall (Norfolk), Melbourne (Derbyshire), and Chatsworth.

An offshoot of the French style was provided by the Dutch, who advocated more water, flower bulbs,, trees planted in tubs, and topiary. Westbury Court (Gloucestershire) shows this Dutch style.

EXAMPLES

Fishbourne roman palace in sussex

Fishbourne shows a carefully symmetrical formal planting of low box hedges split by graveled walks.

The hedges are punctuated by small niches which probably held ornaments like statues, urns, or garden seats.

The formal garden near the house gave way to a landscaped green space leading down to the waterside below.

There is also a small kitchen garden which is planted with fruits and vegetables common in Roman Britain.

BOWOOD HOUSE There was a hunting lodge at Bowood in the

medieval period, but the first proper house on this site was built in about 1725.

The Bowood estate was purchased in 1754 by John Petty, 1st Earl of Shelburne.

Petty called in architect Henry Keene to expand the earlier house, adding a service wing and a porticoed entrance.

BOWOOD HOUSE No sooner had the estate passed

to the 2nd Earl in 1761 then Robert Adam and his brother John were called in to update Keene's design.

The Adams's were responsible for the decoration of the main rooms, and the creation of the grand Orangery, which dominates the current house entrance.

Grotto at Bowood house

THE GARDEN The house looks out over a

formal terrace, and beyond, wide lawns lead down to a lovely wooded lake.

Across the lake is a classical temple, and walks lead along the water's edge, through grottoes and past waterfalls, to the temple, which affords a lovely view back to the house.

Abbey House Gardens

Once the site of the Abbot of Malmesbury Abbey's garden, the garden today covers 5 acres, and is located directly beside the historic ruins of the Abbey.

The gardens are built about a 16th century house, and offer richly colourful garden walks throught the spring, summer, and fall.

THE GARDEN One interesting feature is the Knot Garden, an

arrangement of formal beds about a well, shaped like a Celtic cross (see photo), in imitation of St Martins cross on Iona.

Equally unusual is the Dinosaur Grove, planted with trees that prospered when dinosaurs lived. The extensive rose beds echo the style popular in Tudor times,

THE GARDEN It is rumoured that a Celtic monk from Iona was

responsible for founding the Abbey at Malmesbury.

CHISWICK HOUSE

CHISWICK HOUSE Chiswick House is England's first and one

of the finest examples of neo-Palladian design

Chiswick House is one of the most glorious examples of 18th century British architecture.

The third Earl of Burlington (1694- 1753), who designed this elegant Classical villa, drew inspiration from his 'grand tours' of Italy

THE GARDEN The gardens at Chiswick House have been loved for

centuries. With their combination of grand vistas and hidden pathways, architectural delights and a dazzling array of flowers, shrubs and specimen trees, they create a unique oasis in this corner of London

THE GARDEN But there is more to Chiswick House Gardens

than mere beauty. This is also the birthplace of the English Landscape Movement and the inspiration for great gardens from Blenheim Palace to New York’s Central Park.

THE GARDEN Originally created by

Lord Burlington and William Kent in 1729, the garden was inspired by the sights of the Grand Tour and romance of classical Italian landscape painting; it was conceived as a single, living artwork.

1. Gardening has always been a matter of personal taste, and often the outstanding works of previous generations are torn down to make way for the style of the next. For that reason it is hard to find unaltered examples of historical gardens in England.2. Yet, throughout Britain there are gardens great and small, formal and informal, private and public, that illustrate the British passion for creating green, growing spaces of their own. All are different, and all, like their own.3. The landscape garden made the English country house a part of the fields and farmlands surrounding it. Gone were hedgerows and fences. Gone, too, were formal beds and walks. Grass parkland was brought right up to the doors of the houseners and creators, have a distinct personality

Conclusion