english for beginners (1)

8/2/2019 English for Beginners (1)

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1. TRAVELLING

I. Basic vocabulary:

travelling cltorie

journey cltorie, voiaj (mai ales pe uscat)

voyage cltorie, voiaj (pe ap)trip cltorie, excursie, voiaj de agrement

one-way trip ~ ntr-un singur sens

round trip ~dus i ntors

arrival sosire

departure plecare

delay ntrziere

stopover escal

connection legtur

travel ticket bilet de cltorie

single ticket

return ticket

bilet pentru o singur cltorie

bilet dus i ntorsfirst-class ticket bilet clasa I

second-class ticket bilet clasa II

season-ticket abonament

seat reservation rezervare de locuri

reduced fare bilet cu pre redus

timetable mersul trenurilor, avioanelor etc.

train tren

express ~ expres

fast ~ accelerat

slow~ personalpassenger ~ tren de pasageri

goods ~ mrfar

long-distance ~ tren de curs lung

through ~ tren direct

travel agency agenie de voiaj

railway station gar, staie

booking-office cas de bilete (la gar)

information desk birou de informaii

inquiry office =/=/=/=/=/=/=

left-luggage office deposit de bagaje

parcels office coletrierefreshment room / buffet buffet (la gar)

book-stall stand de cri, chioc de ziare

waiting-room sal de ateptare

platform peron

carriage / car vagon de pasageri

dining-car / restaurant car vagon-restaurant

sleeping-car / sleeper vagon de dormit

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mail van vagon potal

berth cuet

compartment compartiment

Airport aeroport

airfield aerodrom, teren de aterizare

ground pmnt, teren, solterminal terminus, cap de linie

plane avion

aircraft aparat de zbor, nav, avion

jet plane avion cu reacie

seat-belt centur de siguran

flight zbor

~ number numrul zborului

~ coupon talon de zbor

return reservation rezervare dus i ntors

free baggage allowance cantitatea de bagaje permis (care nu sepltete)

excess luggage charges taxe pentru greutatea suplimentar

check-in-time timpul de sosire la aeroport

schedule orar

currency exchange schimb valutar

car-hire nchiriere de maini

public address system system de anunare i informare apasagerilor (la aeroport)

baggage reclaim unit locul de colectare a bagajelor care vin de laavion

customs formalities formaliti vamalecustoms clearance area zona de control vamal

passenger pasager

guard ef de tren

ticket collector controlor de bilete

porter hamal

clerk funcionar

pilot pilot

air hostess /stewardess stevardes

to check a controla, a verifica

to weigh a cntri

to declare a declarato queue up a sta la coad

to book / to reserve a rezerva bilete

to get information a se informa, a obine informaii

to take off / to land a decola / a ateriza

to travel light a cltori cu bagaj puin

to be air-sick/car-sick/sea-sick a avea ru de avion/de main/de mare

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II. Vocabulary practice

Talk about ways of travelling by answering the questions below. Use the vocabulary which

has been included to guide you1. Why do people travel so much nowadays?

- for pleasure; on business; to get to work; for education.

2. Which ways of travelling are most widely used nowadays?- by land (by train, by car); by sea; by air3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of travelling by:-train?

- relatively cheap;- it takes a long time:- monotonous rhythm of wheels clicking on the rails;- you meet other people.-car?

- relative independence of choosing the route;- danger of traffic accidents;

-not all roads are good.-sea?- comfortable;- it takes a long time;- you are likely to get sea-sick;- you meet other people.- air?- the fastest way of travelling;- comfortable;- reputation of being dangerous;- the most expensive form of transport;

- good food, pretty hostesses;- you may get air-sick.4. On what occasions do you travel by train? By car? By sea? By air?5.Where can you get information about trains/ planes/ ships: at the Inquiry Office/Information Desk; in the timetable?6. Where do you usually get your travel-tickets or seat reservations: at the travelagency; at the booking office?7. Describe the railway station in your town. Where can these be found?The booking office; the book-stall; the waiting-room; the left-luggage office; theinquiry office; the refreshment-room.8. Which are the main airport formalities? Put them in order:- ticket checking;- luggage weighing;-customs (examination) formalities;- passport control;- security check.9. What do you have to do when the plane is ready to take off or land?- fasten your seat belt;-stop smoking;

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- listen to the instructions given by the air-hostess through the intercom.Why are these necessary?10. What are these for in a big airport?- the car-hire desk;- the information desk;

- the public address system;- the currency exchange office.

III. Comprehension passage

Modern life is impossible without travelling. Thousands of people travel every day eitheron business or for pleasure. They can travel by air, by rail, by sea or by road.Of course, travelling by air is the fastest and the most convenient way, but it is the mostexpensive too. Travelling by train is slower than by plane, but it has its advantages. Youcan see much more interesting places of the country you are travelling through. Moderntrains have very comfortable seats. There are also sleeping cars and dinning cars whichmake even the longest journey enjoyable. Speed, comfort and safety are the mainadvantages of trains and planes. That is why many people prefer them to all other means.

Travelling by sea is very popular. Large ships and small river boats can visit foreigncountries and different places of interest within their own country.As for me, I prefer travelling by car. I think it is very convenient. You neednt reserve tourtickets. You neednt carry heavy suitcases. You can stop wherever you wish, and spend atany place as much time as you like.Every year my friend and I go somewhere to the South for holidays. The Black Sea is oneof the most wonderful places which attract holiday-makers all over the world. There aremany rest-homes, sanatoriums and tourist camps there. But it is also possible to rent a roomor a furnished house for a couple of weeks there. Sometimes, we can place ourselves in atent on the sea shore enjoying fresh air and the sun all day long.In the evening I like to sit on the beach watching the sea and enjoying the sunset. Time

passes quickly and soon we have to make our way back. We return home sun burnt and fullof impressions.

At the railway station

Here we are at the railway station. Our friends are going away for their holidays. They havebooked their tickets in advance, so there is no need for them to queue up at the booking-office now.As it is rather early, and their train has not arrived yet, they have to wait in the waiting-room. Next door to the waiting-room is the refreshment room; and there are other noticesover the entrances to offices and rooms: station masters office, inquiry office, left luggage and parcels office.

The porters are busy carrying the luggage to the train or pushing it on their trolleys.All kind of trains are passing through the station: passenger trains express, fast or slowtrains; goods trains, local and long-distance trains.

After a while, the public address system announces that our friends train is in. They passthrough onto the platform and the ticket collector examines their tickets. (In British railwaystations there is a gate at the end of each platform. The ticket-collector stands at the gateand checks the travelers tickets.).

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Immediately behind the engine are the front luggage van and the guards van, followed bypassengers carriages of the first and second class, with smoking and non-smokingcompartments.The train also has a dining-car and a sleeper with upper and lower berths. As they walkalong the platform they pass the book-stall where people are buying newspapers and

magazines to read during the journey.Finally, they find their compartment a second class non-smoker. They put their bags onthe luggage-rack and open the window.The large hand of the station clock points to 30 minutes. The guard waves his flag andblows his whistle. The train is off. The travelers wave good-bye to the people who havecome to see them off.The train moves slowly out of the station.

London Airport

British Airways brings you to Heathrow, Londons main airport. Heathrow handles moreinternational flights than any other airport in the world, so that its passenger arrangements

have to be good. Terminal 3, where intercontinental travelers arrive and depart, has beenmuch enlarged to meet the big-jet era, inaugurated by the Boeing 747.Down a flight of stairs marked by your flight number is your baggage reclaim unit. Thecustoms clearance area is close at hand, and you must decide on the red or green channel.Red means you have something to declare, and your baggage will be inspected. Greenmeans nothing to declare, and the customs men make only random checks.You will probably be able to manage your luggage yourself, with the help of a trolley.Porters are recognizable by their blue uniforms with red lapels.Once through customs you are in the Arrival Concourse, with bar, cafeteria, toilets,currency exchange facilities and the desks of two car-hire firms. The answer to everyproblem is to be found at the Information Desks of British Airways and the Airport

Authority.If you want to announce your arrival to friends who have missed you for some reason, thepublic address system is at your disposal.IV. Exercises:

1. You have suddenly decided to go to Bucharest/ Moscow for a few days. You aregoing to travel by train. Now you are at the station. Tell the others what you do:

a) at the Inquiry office;b) at the booking office;c) at the book-stall;d) in the refreshment room;e) in the waiting room;f) on the platform;g) in the train/ in the compartment.2. You come back by plane. Say what you do: a) at the airport; b) inside the plane.3. Give the name of the following:1) the place where you can get information about departures and arrivals of trains,

planes, ships etc.2) a place where travel-tickets are sold;3) the bags and suitcases a traveler takes with him;

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4) a trip by train (bus, car, etc.) from one place to another;5) a place where trains stop;6) the place from which people get on a train;7) the place where you sit in a compartment;8) the place where you put your luggage;

9) a carriage where people can eat during the journey;10) the person responsible for passengers comfort during air travel;11) the money paid for extra luggage when travelling by air;12) the place in airports where luggage is checked before being taken to the plane.4. Whats the difference between:A travel agency a booking office;A suitcase a briefcase;A fast train a slow train;A passenger train a goods train;A bookshop a book-stall;An airport an airfield

A flight coupon a flight number.

V. Conversation practiceA. Topics for free conversation:

1. Talk about advantages and disadvantages of transport by land, sea, air.2. Which do you think will be the means of transport of the future?3. Your opinion of travelling overseas.

B. Compose your own dialogues: a) Youve come to the booking office to get a ticket.What will you talk with the clerk about? b) Youve just arrive from N. Your friend hascome to meet you at the airport. Talk to him/her about your flight and stay at N.

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2. CUSTOMS SYSTEM


customs ,n,pl ~office/custom house vam

customs official/inspector vame

to go through the customs a trece controlul vamal

to be duty-free a fi scutit de taxe vamaleto be liable to duty a fi supus taxei (vamale)

to fill in.. andeplini

to declare a declara

declaration ,n declaraie

for my own use pentru folosire personal

packets ,n pachet

responsible , adj. responsabil

to collect a strnge, a aduna

to safeguard a apra, a ocroti

flow of goods flux de mrfuri

hazardous ,adj. riscantto be restricted a limita, a restrnge, a pune restricii

forbidden /to forbid interzis, /a interzice

to enforce a aplica, a introduce, a pune in vigoare

to check a verifica, a controla

appropriate ,adj. potrivit

to apprehend a aresta, a prinde

warrant ,n autorizatie

to impede a mpiedica

to be examined a fi examinat

restriction , n restricie

to be prohibited a fi interzis

tariff/tax tariff, tax

bonded store surs de legtur

facility ,n posibilitate

channel ,n cale, mijloc,canal, surs


Answer the following questions using the vocabulary:

1. Have you ever travelled by plane?2. What is a declaration form?3. What are customs formalities?

4. What are the usual landing formalities and customs regulations?5. What do you do if you have nothing to declare?6. Whats the meaning of the question a Customs official may ask you: Have

you anything to declare?7. Do Customs regulations and restrictions vary in different countries? Can

you give examples?8. Have you gone through a Customs inspection? Recall your experience.

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9. Normally passengers are liable to Customs inspection when crossing theborder. What about people who enjoy diplomatic immunity?


Customs is anauthority oragency in a countryresponsible for collecting and safeguarding

customs duties and for controlling the flow of goods including animals, personal effectsand hazardous items in and out of a country. Depending on local legislation andregulations, theimport orexport of some goods may be restricted or forbidden, and thecustoms agency enforces these rules. The customs agency may be different from theimmigration authority, which monitors persons who leave or enter the country, checkingfor appropriate documentation, apprehending people wanted by international arrestwarrants, and impeding the entry of others deemed dangerous to the country.

A customs dutyis a tariffortax on the import of or export of goods. In England, customsduties were traditionally part of the customaryrevenue of the king, and therefore did notneed parliamentary consent to be levied, unlike excise duty, land tax, or other forms of

taxes.

Commercial goods not yet cleared through customs are held in a customs area, often calleda bonded store, until processed. All authorized ports are recognized customs area. The"Customs procedures" section contains information for economic operators and separateinformation on the rules of import/export of goods by natural persons. The "Import/exportduties" section is divided into rubrics related to the duties calculation and payments. It alsoincludes the list of customs and tax facilities with corresponding links to the respectivenormative acts.

Red and Green Channels

Customs procedures for arriving passengers at many international airports, and some roadcrossings, are separated into Red and Green Channels. Passengers with goods to declare(carrying items above the permitted customs limits and/or carrying prohibited items)should go through the Red Channel. Passengers with nothing to declare (carrying goodswithin the customs limits only and not carrying prohibited items) can go through the GreenChannel. Passengers going through the Green Channel are only subject to spot checks andsave time. But, if a passenger going through the Green Channel is found to have goodsabove the customs limits on them or carrying prohibited items, they may be prosecuted formaking a false declaration to customs, by virtue of having gone through the GreenChannel.

Canadaand theUnited States do not operate a red and green channel system.

Airports within the EU also have a Blue Channel. As theEUis a customs union, travelersbetween EU countries do not have to pay customs duties.

IV. Exercises:

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authorityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authorityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duty_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_tradehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_tradehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrest_warranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrest_warranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duty_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duty_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exciseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exciseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_taxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customs_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_airporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customs_unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authorityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duty_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_tradehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrest_warranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrest_warranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duty_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exciseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_taxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customs_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_airporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customs_union


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1.

Match the items on the right with the items on the left.

Can I see your passport?

Where are you going to stay?

How long are you staying in England?

Have you got anything to declare?

What have you got in your cases?

Shall I open that case?

I'm going to stay with a family.

I've got some money, my camera and some presents for the family.

Just three weeks.

Of course. Here it is, sir.

My clothes.

No, that's all right. Enjoy your staying in England.

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2. Fill in the Customs declaration

Full name_______________________________________________________________Citizenship______________________________________________________________Arriving from___________________________________________________________Country of destination____________________________________________________

Purpose of visit__________________________________________________________(business, tourism, private, etc)My luggage (including hand luggage) submitted for Customs inspection consists of____________________ pieces.With me and in my luggage I have:

I. Weapons of all descriptions andammunition_______________________________

II. Narcotics and appliances for the use thereof ___________________III. Antiques and objects of art (paintings, drawings, icons, sculptures,

etc.)________IV. Loan bonds, lottery tickets and currency _____________________

V. Currency other than .(bank notes, exchequer bills, coins),payment voucher (cheques, bills, letters of credit etc.), securities(shares, bonds etc.) in foreign currencies, precious metals (gold, silver,platinum, metals of platinum group) in any form of condition, crude andprocessed natural precious stones (diamonds, brilliants, rubies,emeralds, sapphires and pearls), jewelry and other articles made ofprecious metals and precious stones, and scrap thereof, as well asproperty papers: (amount/quantity in figures/in words).

VI. Other currency, payment vouchers, valuables and any objects belongingto other persons _________________________________

I am aware that, in addition to the objects listed in the Customs Declaration, I

must submit for inspection: printed matter, manuscripts, films, postage stamps,graphics, etc. plants, fruit, seeds, live animals and birds, as well as rawfoodstuffs of animal origin and slaughtered fowl.I also declare that my luggage sent separately consists of____________ pieces.

(Date)__________20. Owner of luggage__________(signed)

V. Conversation practice

A. Topics for free conversation:

1. Speak about customs regulations in different countries.2. Customs system in the Republic of Moldova.

B. Compose your own dialogues:a) At the Customs (conversation between a visitor and Customs official)

3. STAYING AT A HOTEL

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hotel

motel

hostel cmin

boarding house

guest-houseinn

chalet

camping site

tent

folding bed

accommodation

single-room

double-room

suite

conveniences

facilitieslaundry service

air-conditioning

lobby

reception desk

hotel office

service bureau

arrival card

staff

hotel manager

receptionist / reception clerk

doorman

steward

(chamber) maid

lift-boy

to sign in / out

to register

to fill in

to inquire

to vacate

to disturb

to overlookbed and breakfast (BB)

full board

to be quite full

to be called in the morning

holiday

package ~

all-in-price ~

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excursion

off season

peak month

resort

seaside resort

health resortspa

II. Vocabulary practice:

Talk about various ways of spending your holidays by answering the following questions:

1. What is a holiday?2. How often do people have holidays?3. Why do most people try to get away for their holidays? Do you think this is a

characteristic of modern life? Why? (the modern love of moving around; the need

for quiet and fresh air; the love of solitude, etc.)4. What arepackage holidays? What advantages do package holidays offer

concerning: - accommodation; transport, activities, cost?5. Name several types of accommodation. Describe each of them, speak about their

advantages. Which would you choose? Why?6. What kind of rooms do you usually book in a hotel?7. Which of the following conveniences do you consider most important in a hotel?

Name them in the order of their importance. (cold and hot water; laundry service,telephone, central heating, air-conditioning, lift)

8. What facilities are generally available in a big hotel? What are these for?(swimming-pool; tennis-court; restaurant, bar, night club; garage, parking space)

9. You can find some of the following in the lobbies of big hotels. What services dothey offer tourists? (Hotel office, Service Bureau, Information Desk, ReceptionDesk, Newsstand, Stationary; Souvenir Shop; Hairdressers, Barbers, Exchangeoffice.)

10. What are people requested to do on arriving at a hotel? (Register at the hotel, signin, fill in an arrival card/form).


Staying at a hotel

Never before in the history of the world have businessmen travelled so much as they dotoday. It is not surprising because we are living in a world of growing international tradeand expending economic and technical cooperation.

Fascinating though it is for tourists, travelling has, however, become the most tiring of allthe occupations for many businessmen and experts. Choosing a comfortable hotel to stayat is therefore a matter of some importance.There are plenty of good hotels, motels and guest-houses in the world conveniently locatedfor major business centersMany developing countries, such as India, Egypt, Libya, Tanzania etc. have excellenthotels. Their numerous facilities include both large and small cocktail lounges, ballrooms,banqueting rooms, beauty parlours, barbers shops and conference halls equipped with

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simultaneous multilingual translation systems. There are parking areas which canaccommodate a lot of cars.It might be useful for travelling businessmen and tourists to know that tailor shops, shoerepair shops, laundry and dry cleaning services are available for guests. People in the officehelp guests to book train, air or steamer tickets and rent a car. They are also ready to give

all necessary information.

4. MEALS

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breakfast mic dejun, masa dediminea

lunch dejun, prnz

tea ceai

dinner prnz sau cinsupper cin, mas de sear

meal mncare, mas

course fel de mncare

main~ fel principal (de mncare)

dish (fel de) mncare, farfuriemare

snack gustare

restaurant restaurant

canteen cantin, bufet

snack bar bufet express

Pub (public house) crcium, restaurantset lunch/table dhte meniu fix

pizza shop local unde se servete pizza

fish and chips shop Local unde se servete petecu cartofi prjii

menu (card) / bill of fare lista de bucate, meniu

hors doeuvre aperitiv, gustare nainteamesei

eggs ou

bacon and eggs ochiuri cu slnin

ham and eggs ochiuri cu unc

soft-boiled eggshard-boiled eggs

ou moiou tari

scrambled eggs ou jumri

fried eggs ochiuri, ou prjite

omelet(te) omlet

sausage crna, salam

butter unt

cheese brnz, cacaval

yoghourt iaurt

vegetable salad salat de legumetoast tost, pine prjit

pastas paste finoase

rice orez

noodle tiei

meat carne

minced ~ carne tocat

beef carne de vit

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veal carne de viel

mutton carne de oaie

lamb carne de miel

pork carne de porc

poultry psari de curte/ carne de

chicken carne de ginduck


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porridge terci

drinks buturi

soft drink butur rcoritoare

lemonade citronad, limonad

juice / fruit ~ suc de fructe

mineral water ap mineralmilk lapte

coffee / (black/white) cafea

strong /hard drink butur alcoolic

spices condimente

salt sare

pepper piper

vinegar oet

mustard mutar

the dishes vesel, vase

crockery vase (de faian, ceramic)

cup/glass/jug ceac/pahar/ulcior saucer/ plate farfurioar/farfurie

cutlery tacmuri

spoon/ fork/ knife lingur/furculi/cuit

sugar basin zaharni

salt-cellar solni

pepper-pot/ mustard-pot piperni, borcan de mutar

napkin erveel

table-cloth fa de mas

ashtray scrumier

teapot ceainic

foods alimente

semi-prepared ~ semipreparate

ready- packed ~ preambalate

ready-cooked ~ gata preparate

ready-bottled ~ mbuteliate

frozen ~ congelate

tinned ~ conservate

to lay the table a pune masa

to bake / to roast /to fry a coace/ (n cuptor)/a prji/

to boil /to stream a fierbe/a fierbe la aburi

to clear the table a strnge masa to dine in/out a mnca acas/ n ora

to wash up /to wash thedishes

a spla vesela

to be on a diet a ine regim

a slice of (bread/ham) o felie de.

a lump of sugar o bucat de zahr

a piece of cake o (bucat de) prjitur

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a plateful of .. o farfurie de.


Answer the following questions using the vocabulary which has been included to guide

you:1. Which of the following do you have for breakfast? Strong/weak tea; black/white

coffee; milk; fruit-juice; cornflakes; sausage; cheese; butter and bread; omelet,boiled or fried eggs etc.

2. How many spoons of sugar do you take in your tea/coffee/milk?3. What do you generally have for dinner?4. Which is your favorite dessert?5. What do you usually drink with your main meal?6. Do you usually eat at home? At the canteen? In a restaurant? At snacks bar?

Advantages and disadvantages of each.7. On what occasions do people eat out? Why is it customary to mark important

events in restaurants?8. Advantages and drawbacks of buying semi-prepared, ready-packed, ready-cooked

and ready-bottled foods. What is the difference between frozen foods and tinnedfoods?9. How do you like the following?Eggs: hard-boiled/soft-boiled; meat: fat/lean;

steak: underdone/well-done/overdone;potatoes: mashed/boiled/fried;fruit:raw/stewed; bread: white/brown; fresh/stale; soup: thick/clear; tea: weak/strong;

coffee: white/black; hot/very cold//iced.10. What are your favorite dishes? Whats your opinion of: having a cooked breakfast;

helping with the washing-up, reading/watching TV while eating; having only onebig meal a day; eating in the kitchen.


English food

Four meals a day are served traditionally in Britain: breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner.In many countries breakfast is a snack rather than a meal, but the traditional Englishbreakfast, served at about eight oclock in the morning, is a full meal. Some people beginwith a plateful of porridge, with milk or cream, other may have fruit juice, or perhapscornflakes or some other cereal. Then comes at least one substantial course, such as baconand eggs boiled or fried, or sausage and bacon, or ham and eggs. Afterwards comes toastwith butter and marmalade or jam or perhaps some fruit. The meal is with tea or coffee.Many English people now take such a full breakfast only on Sunday mornings.English lunch, which is usually served at one oclock, is based on plain, simply cookedfood. It starts with soup or fruit-juice. Then, they have some meat or poultry beef, veal,pork, mutton, lamb, chicken, and duck with potatoes, boiled or roast, and a second

vegetable (probably cabbage or carrots) and a pudding.Tea, the third meal of the day, is served between four and five oclock. A pot of tea with ajug of hot water, a jug of milk and a basin of sugar are brought in. Tea is not always servedat table, for it is the most sociable meal of the day, and friends and visitors are oftenpresent. The members of the tea party sit round on chairs.Dinner is the most substantial meal of the day. The usual time is about seven oclock, andall the members of the family sit down together. Soup is the first course. Then they have

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the second course. Meat is served with vegetables. At the end comes the dessert: some kindof sweet and black or white coffee.This is a traditional order of meals. But some people in the towns and nearly all countrypeople have dinner in the middle of the day instead lunch. They have tea a little later andthen in the evening, before going to bed, they have a light supper.

IV. Exercises1. Select the best of the three choices: a) five; b) four; c) three meals a day are servedtraditionally in Britain.

2. The traditional English breakfast is: a) a snack; b) a dish; c) a full meal.3. English lunch usually ends with: a) pudding; b) fruit-juice; c) apple pie.4. Dinner is: a) the least important meal of the day; b) the most important meal of the

day; c) the first meal of the day.5. Give the opposite:

a) soft drink;b) strong tea;c) black coffee;

d) dry wine; white wine;e) white bread;f) hard-boiled eggs;g) fat meat.

6. Express these in one word:1) breakfast, lunch, tea, dinner, supper;2) soup, meat and vegetables, dessert;3) tea, coffee, wine, beer;4) beef, lamb, mutton, veal;5) sole, trout, salmon;

6) chicken, duck, turkey, geese;7) cabbage, carrots, peas, beans;8) cake, tart, ice-cream, pudding;9) knives, forks, spoons;10) pots, plates, cups.7. What are the following kept in?Salt, water, pepper, coffee, wine, mustard, milk, sugar, soup, sauce.8. Name some kind of: eggs, meat, vegetables, potatoes, fish, dessert, fruit, soft drinks,salads.9. The main reason for a diet should be:a) to lose weight;b) to keep fit;c) to save money10. What do you appreciate more when you have dinner at a restaurant?a) the taste of the food?b) the politeness of the staff?c) the interior decoration?d) the price?e) unusual dishes?

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V. Conversation practiceTopics for free conversation:

1. The importance of regular meals.2. The necessity of a balanced diet.

3. Your experience in going to the restaurant.4. Your opinion of cooking.5. Giving an English friend the recipe of a Moldavian/ Russian national dish.

A) Make up a menu for:a light breakfast, a festive dinner, your favorite dinner, a dinner for a sick child.

B) Make up short dialogues: 1) between a waiter and a client; 2) between two friendshaving dinner at the canteen (restaurant).

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5. ShoppingI. Basic vocabulary:

shop

~ -window~ - assistant

shopping

~area

customer

department

~ store

cash-desk

check-out-point

self-service

sale(s)

fashiongift

accessories

draper's

grocer's

baker's

butchers

toy-shop

book-shop

confectionery/ sweet-shop

dairy

shopkeeper /retailernewsagent

market

supermarket

foodstuffs

dairy produce

household goods

goods/articles/effects

hardware

jewellery

cosmetics

stationery

wrapping paper

knitted goods

clothes

ready-made~ /ready-to-wear

~made-to-measure /made-to-order

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fitting room

dress

evening ~

fancy ~

to do ones shopping

to go shoppingto sell / to buy

to supply /to deliver

to be out of stock

to try on

to fit

to follow new fashoins



Shopping - is the examining ofgoods orservices from retailerswith the intent topurchase at that time. Shopping is an activity ofselection and/orpurchase. In somecontexts it is considered aleisure activity as well as an economic one.

A larger commercial zone can be found in many cities, downtowns orArab city souks.Shopping hubs, orshopping centers, are collection of stores; that is a grouping of severalbusinesses. Typical examples includeshopping malls, town squares,flea marketsandbazaars.

Stores

Shops are divided into multiple categories of stores which sell a selected set of goods orservices. Some shops sell second-hand goods. Often the public can also sell goods to suchshops.

Many shops are part of ashopping chain that carry the same trademark(company name)and logo using the samebranding, same presentation, and sell the same products but indifferent locations. The shops may be owned by one company, or there may be afranchising company that has franchising agreements with the shop owners often found inrelation to restaurant chains.

Various types of retail stores that specialize in the selling of goods related to a themeincludebookstores,candy shops,liquor stores,gift shops,hardware stores, hobby stores,pet stores,pharmacys, andsupermarkets.

Other stores such asbig-box stores,hypermarkets,convenience stores,department stores,general stores, sell a wider variety of products not horizontally related to each other.

Home shopping

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retailerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retailerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leisurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leisurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtownhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soukhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Businesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_mallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_mallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town_squarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flea_marketshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flea_marketshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flea_marketshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazaarshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazaarshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restaurant_chainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restaurant_chainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bookstorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bookstorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candy_shophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candy_shophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candy_shophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquor_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gift_shophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gift_shophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobby_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarkethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarkethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big-box_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big-box_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big-box_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermarkethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermarkethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convenience_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convenience_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retailerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leisurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtownhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soukhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Businesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_mallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town_squarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flea_marketshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazaarshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restaurant_chainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bookstorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candy_shophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquor_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gift_shophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobby_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarkethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big-box_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermarkethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convenience_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_market


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With modern technology such as television and telephone and the Internet, users could bedescribed as home shoppingthrough online retail stores.Electronic commerce andbusiness-to-consumer electronic commerce systems in combination of homemail deliverysystems make this possible. Typically a consumer could make purchases through onlineshopping, shopping channels,mail order, etc. Online shopping allows the buyer to save the

time which would have been spent traveling to the store or mall.

6. University life

Choosing a careerI have already decided what career to choose. I want to become a computer programmer. Iam interested in computers. It is a whole new world.Many people continue careers of their parents, but it is not the case with me.My hobby is computer programming. I have a computer at home and can spend hours

working at it. It is much easier to do things on computer, for example to write acomposition. You can change the text as many times as you want and you dont need torewrite everything if you changed something.I think that the profession of programmer can give many opportunities. Computers are themost rapidly changing sphere of modern technology. We are living in the age ofinformation. And I think that the future is just filled with computers. Today, in manycountries people can work, go shopping or even go on dates sitting at their computers.Now we study at the Academy of Economics Studies, Faculty of Cybernetics and we leanmore about computer science.This profession is very interesting and opens a new world for us.I realize that my dream can come true only if I work hard. I hope I have chosen a right

profession.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_shoppinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_shoppinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_commercehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_commercehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business-to-consumer_electronic_commercehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail_deliveryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail_deliveryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_shoppinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_shoppinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_channelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_channelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail_orderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_shoppinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_commercehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business-to-consumer_electronic_commercehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail_deliveryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_shoppinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_shoppinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_channelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail_order

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