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ENGLISH for

GENERAL COMPETITIONS

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TRICKS & TECHNIQUES

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PREDICT QUESTIONS BEFORE EXAMS

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HOW TO KNOW

SSC CGL’s QUESTIONS BEFORE EXAM

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CONTENT1. GRAMMAR IN CAPSULE

• Noun

• Pronoun

• Adjective

• Verb

• Adverb

• Preposition

• Conjunction

• Model Practice set-1





1. COMMON ERRORS 2/3 20

• Npavapci Technique

• Phrase theory

• T. Dubey’s English Theory

• How to Know any questions before exam

2. VOICE 2 20

• SAMAVEA Technique


• How to solve 20 questions in 2 minutes

• How to know any questions before exam

3. SENTENCE IMPROVEMENT 3/4 20

• Npavapci Technique

• Phrase theory



4. NARRATION 2 27

• Recopvea Technique

• Mastering the RE

• How to solve 27 questions in 3 to 4 minutes

• How to know narration questions before exam

5. SINGLE FILLERS 2 10

• Ecopate

• T. Dubey English theory


6. CLOZE TEST 5 25

• Ecopate Technique

• T. Dubey English theory


7. SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS 2 06

• PRS technique

• POS technique

• Tone technique

• Elimination technique


8. ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION 2 10

• PRS technique

• Definition technique

• How to know any question before exam

9. SENTENCE ARRANGEMENT 1/2 20

• Phrase theory


• Paragraph structure theory


10. COMPREHENSION 5 25/30

• top-down approach

• bottom-up approach

• How writers set questions


11. IDIOMS AND PHRASES 2 10

• Literal meaning approach

• Figurative Meaning approach


12. Spelling Test 1 02

13. How to analyse previous years papers

14. How to know which questions writer is setting

GRAMMAR IN CAPSULE

NOUNS

fdlh noun esa pkj grammatical features gksrs gSa: person,

number, gender and case(PNGC)A lHkh nouns third

person esa gksrs gSaA blfy, grammarians noun ds blaspect dh ppkZ ugha djrs gSaA Nouns ds number dks le>ukvko”;d blfy, gksrk gS D;safd blds dkj.k mlds ckn vkus okykverb çHkkfor gksrk gSA Gender ls noun dk sex irk pyrk gSAvFkkZr og male, female, common ;k neuter gender dkgSA Case noun dk place value n”kkZrk gSA vFkkZr okD; esa mlssubject, object, complement, possessive - ;k fdl vU;LFkku ij j[kk x;k gSA nwljs “kCnksa esa ;fn blh ckr dks j[ksa rkscase ls gesa ;g irk pyrk gS dh noun okD; ds vU; “kCnksa dslkFk dSlk relationship LFkkfir dj jgk gSAtgk¡ rd fdlh competitive exams esa noun ij based iwNstkus okys questions dk loky gS, bls cgqr gh vklkuh ls genoun ds PNGC features ( vFkkZr person, number, gender

rFkk case) dks /;ku esa j[kdj fdlh Hkh question dks uk dsoysolve dj ldrs gSa cfYd cgqr gn rd lfVdrk ds lkFk mldkiqokZuweku yxk ldrs gSaA blds fy, gesa noun ds nks features

- mlds number rFkk case dk fo”ks’k v/;;u djuk gksxkA

Noun, the number

1. ge tkurs gSa fd noun ds nks numbers gksrs gSa- singular

and pluralA Singular one person ;k thing dks refer

djrk gS rFkk plural more than one dksA vf/kdka”ksingular nouns dks plural cukus ds fy, mlesa ge -s,-

es, -en vkfn dk ç;ksx djrs gSaAsingular Plural

book books

pen pens

chair chairs

table tables

glass glasses

switch switches

match matches

child children

2. fuEu nouns ds ckn vkus okys verbs çk;% singular gksrs gSaAmathematics physics

athletics classics

economics genetics

logistics linguistics

politics statistics

1.

billiards mechanics

bowels cards

darts diabetes

measles mumps

rabies draughts

skittles rickets

3. fuEu nouns plural gksrs gSaA buds ckn vkus okys verb dknumber Hkh plural gksxkAtrousers jeans

shoes slippers

glasses binoculars

gloves earrings

scissors tongs

fetters thanks

nuptials clothes

wages stairs

congratulations savings

Note: mijksDr nouns dk çk;% a pair tSls “kCnksa dkç;ksx dj singular ;k pairs dk ç;ksx dj plural cuk;ktkrk gSAa pair of trousers a pair of jeans

a pair of shoes a pair of slippers

a pair of glasses a pair of gloves

a pair of earrings a pair of scissors

4. fuEu nouns ds lkFk -s/-es dk ç;ksx ughs fd;k tkrk gSA ;slnk plural gksrs gSaA vr% buds ckn vkus okyk verb Hkhplural gksxkApolice people

cattle vermin

poultry gentry

5. fuEu nouns ds ckn singular ;k plural verb dk ç;ksxfd;k tk ldrk gS D;ksafd ;s nksuks gh #iksa esa same form

esa gksrs gSaAbarracks deer

fish gallows

means offspring

series sheep

species spacecraft

aircraft salmon

6. fuEu nouns collective nouns gSaA buds ckn singular

;k plural verb nksuks dk ç;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;fnbudk ç;ksx ,d unit dh rjg gks rks buds ckn singular

verb dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA fdarq ;fn ge buds constituents

dh ckr djsa , vFkkZr os persons ;k things ftuls ;s cus gSa,rks buds ckn plural verb dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

1

army audience

band class

committee crowd

dozen family

flock group

heap herd

jury kind

staff team

clutch band

troop assembly

7. cgqr ls persons, animals rFkk oLrqvksa ds groups dsfo”ks’k uke gksrs gSaA dqN egRoiw.kZ lewgksa ds uke uhps fn, fn, x,gSaA buds ckn çk;% singular ;k plural verb dk ç;ksx fd;ktk ldrk gSA

a band of musicians

a bed of flowers

a bevy of beauties/ladies/maidens

a board of directors

a brood of chickens/chicks/hens

a caravan of camels

a chain of events/islands/matches

a clutter of cats/spiders

a clutter of cats/spiders

a coven of witches

an earth of foxes

an orchard of apples

a stage of actors

a bask of crocodiles

a convoy of lorries/trucks

a nest of snakes/vipers/wasps

a troop of monkeys

a yoke of oxen

8. fuEu nouns uncountable gSaA buds ckn vkus oky verb

lnk singular gksrk gSAabsence accommodation

advice anger

beauty behaviour

applause exploration

bread atmosphere

baggage evidence

clothing equipment

garbage failure

furniture homework

health information

jewellery housework

knowledge laughter

luggage machinery

leisure scenery

poetry research

shopping weather

Quantifiers and NounsQuantifier og word ;k phrase gksrk gS ftldk ç;ksx fdlhnoun ds igys quantity ;k amount crkus ds fy, fd;k tkrkgSA9. dqN quantifiers dk ç;ksx dsoy uncountable nouns

ds igys fd;k tkrk gSA ;s gSa:much a little/little/very

little a large quantity of

a bit (of) a great deal of

a large amount of

10. dqN quantifiers dk ç;ksx dsoy countable plural nouns

ds igys fd;k tkrk gSA ;s gSa:many a few/few/very few

a number of several

a large number of a great number of

numerous countless

11. dqN quantifiers dk ç;ksx countable rFkk uncountable

nksuks ds igys fd;k tkrk gSA ;s gSa:all enough more

most less

least a lot of

no none not any

some any

lots of plenty of

Functions of Nounsfdlh okD; esa noun ds çk;% fuEu eq[; dk;Z gksrs gSa%12. Noun çk;% fdlh verb ds igys vkdj mlds subject ds

#i esa dk;Z djrk gSAChildren are playing cricket in the field.

Lolu reluctantly admitted her mistake.

Mother has made a chocolate cake for us.

Mohini accused me of lying.

Very few people take criticism positively.

13. Noun çk;% fdlh transitive verb ds ckn vkdj mldsobject dk dk;Z djrk gSAThe chief editor always takes key decisions

We should respect the environment.

Passengers could face long delays.

This detergent will remove even old stains.

I can smell alcohol on your breath.

I'm sorry, I've forgotten your name.

We can organize food for guests.

14. Noun çk;% fdlh linking verb ds ckn vkdj mldscomplement dk dk;Z djrk gSAI am your well-wisher.

We are not your minions.

They were not thieves.

We soon became close friends.

2

She seems a fine ballet dancer.

Initially he appeared a petty thief.

15. Noun çk;% fdlh preposition ds ckn vkdj mlds object

dk dk;Z djrk gSAI talked to the principal.

Pt Nehru was fond of children.

The frog jumped into the well.

There was a cow in the field.

We are confident about our success.

16. Noun ds lkFk apostrophy + s (’s) tksM+dj possessive

HOW TO KNOW QUESTIONS BASED ON NOUNS BEFORE EXAMS

17. D;k fdlh general competition esa vkus okys English

questions dks exam ds igys tkuk tk ldrk gS? D;kEnglish ds fy, dksbZ ,slk scientific formula gS? gkaA,slk laHko gSA bl book esa chapter wise ,sls-,slstechniques fn, tk jgs gSa ftUgs tkuus ds ckn vki mlchapter ij vk/kkfjr vf/kdka”k questions dk ,dnelgh lgh vuweku yxk ldrs gSaA vkb, ns[ksa noun ijbased fdlh Hkh question dks predict djus ds fy, fdlhys[kd ds eLfr’d esa vki dSls ços”k dj ldrs gSaA(a) tSlk dh eSa bl chapter ds vkjaHk esa gh crk pwdk gw¡¡

fd noun esa pkj grammatical features gksrs gSa:person, number, gender and case(PNGC)

(b) bu pkj grammatical features esa ls vf/kdka”kquestions mlds countable and uncountable,

singular and plural rFkk case, vFkkZr blds dk;Zij fn, tkrs gSaA

(c) uncountable noun ds lkFk -s/-es dk ç;ksx dj,-s/-es ls end djus okys nouns ls -s/-es gVk dj,

quantifiers tSls many, several , both, few,

numerous, innuerable, different, countless,

a number of, any of, each of, either of,

neither of, none of, a number of, a majority

of ds lkFk xyr noun dk ç;ksx dj , apostrophy

(=’s) dk fpUg gVkdj bl chapter ij ys[kd çk;%problem set djrs gSA

(d) vki blds functions ls le> ldrs gSa fd fo”o dkdksbZ Hkh ys[kd nouns ij dgka dgka problem set djldrk gSA Verb ls igys vkus okyk noun ij, mldsckn vkus okyk noun ij rFkk preposition ds cknvkus okyk noun ijA

(e) Noun ds functions dk s vki fuEu word

arrangement dh enn ls ;kn j[ksaA

subject (= noun) + verb + object/

complement (= noun) + preposition + object

of preposition ( = noun)

noun cuk;k tkrk gS tks fdlh vU; laKk ls lkFk laca/kn”kkZrk gSAHari’s uncle is a famous doctor.

Rani’s father is a good orator.

Mona and Anjali’s parents have guided them.

Sachin, the cricketer’s records are unbreakable.

Where is today’s newspaper?

Kolkata’s sweets are famous.

The old man was at the death’s door.

Look at the following questions.

1. Do you have any (a)/informations about(b)/

yesterday’s match?(c)/No error (d)

2. His newspaper published (a)/a urgent appeal (b)/

to stop the killing.(c)/No error (d)

3. A shopping can be(a)/ a good way to kill(b)/ time

at the airport.(c)/No error (d)

4. Someone was waiting(a)/ at the top(b)/ of the

stair(c)/No error (d)

5. I need to be(a)/ on the next (b)/flight out of

here.(c)/No error (d)

6. Many worker had cut(a)/ through an electrical

cable(b)/ while they were digging.(c)/No error (d)

7. Several child (a)/like to dig (b)/in the sand.(c)/

No error (d)

8. The detergent is sold(a)/ in both liquid and (b)/

powder form.(c)/No error (d)

9. Have you(a)/got any(b)/one of the mentioned

degrees yet?(c)/No error (d)

10. We need to get a(a)/ a pair of scissor(b)/ to cut

this cloth.(c)/No error (d)

11. It’s difficult to(a)/ estimate the costing of(b)/

making your house safe.(c)/No error (d)

12. The total number (a)/of vote was over (b)/one

million.(c)/No error (d)

ANSWER WITH ANALYSIS

1. (b): informations ds LFkku ij information gksxkA

Refer to 16 (c)

2. (b): a LFkku ij an dk ç;ksx gksxk D;ksafd vowel ds igys

an dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA Refer to 16 (c)

3. (a): shopping ls igys a dk ç;ksx ugha gksxk D;kaafd

shopping ,d uncountable noun gksrk gSA Refer

to 16 (c)

3

4. (c): stair ds LFkku ij stairs gksxk D;ksafd ;g prural gksrkgSA Refer to 16 (c)

5. (d): No error

6 (a): worker ds LFkku ij workers gksxk D;ksafd many dsckn prual noun dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA Refer to 16 (c)

7. (a): child ds LFkku ij children gksxk D;ksafd several dsckn prual noun dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA Refer to 16 (c)

8. (c): form ds LFkku ij forms dk ç;ksx gksxk D;ksafd both dsckn prual noun dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA Refer to 16 (c)

9. (c): degree ds LFkku ij degrees dk ç;ksx gksxk D;ksafdone of ds ckn prual noun dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA Refer

to 16 (c)

10. (b): scissor ds LFkkui ij scissors gksxkA Refer to 16 (c)

11. (b): costing ds LFkku ij cost gksxk cost Loa; ,d noun gSA12. (b): vote ds LFkku ij votes gksxk D;ksafd the total

number of ds ckn vkus okyk noun lnk prural

gksrk gSA

PRONOUNS

18. Pronoun og “kCn gS tks fdlh noun ;k noun phrase dsLFkku ij vkdj mldk dk;Z djrk gSA

Sachin Tendulkar is a former Indian batsman.

He has many enviable records.

Today Saina faces her toughest opponent.

If the phone rings, don’t answer it.

The Singhs have lived here for a long time.

They are very pleasant people.

19. Subject pronouns (I, we, you, he, she, it, they)

dk ç;ksx fdlh verb ds subject #i esa fd;k tkrk gSAI like to social movies.

You are extremely late for the class today.

He is one of my best friends.

It is raining cats and dogs outside.

She is on holiday these days.

They were not present there at that time.

20. Object pronouns: Object pronouns (me, us, you,

him, her, them, it) dk ç;ksx fdlh verb rFkk preposition

ds object ds #i esa fd;k tkrk gSACan you help me solve this question?

I saw you entering the mall.

She doesn’t like him to be with her.

We saw them in town yesterday.

preposition dsdsdsdsds object ds #i esasds #i esasds #i esasds #i esasds #i esasShe was waiting for you and me.

I’ll get it for you and for your parents.

Give it to him if it is extra.

Why are you looking at her?

I’ll speak to them on some later date.

21. Possessive Pronouns:Personal pronouns ds nkspossessive forms gksrs gSa a- possessive adjective rFkkpossessive pronounsA nksuksa dk ç;ksx laca/k, vf/kdkj ;kLokfeRo n”kkZus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA(a) My/our/your/his/her/their/its dk ç;ksx noun ds igysadjective ds #i esa fd;k tkrk gSA

I want to make my name as a writer.

It was your fault that we got late.

A bad workman blames his tools.

Their house has its own swimming pool.

He gave them their coats.

(b) Mine/ours/yours/his/hers/theirs rFkk its dk ç;ksxrHkh fd;k tkrk gS tc ‘object of possession’ (what’s

mine/yours/hers etc) okD; ds context ls Li’V gksAYour son is the same age as hers.

She's an old friend of mine.

My isn't as long as yours.

I think she's a relation of theirs.

He took her hand in his.

22. fdlh okD; esa tc ,d ls vf/kd personal pronoun dkç;ksx fd;k tk, rks mudk order gksuk pkfg,:-

We, you and they will do it together. (123 plural)

You, he and I have done a great job. (231 singular

+ positive meaning)

I and you are responsible for it. (12 negative)

You and I are performing our duty. (21 positive)

Heena and I will be awarded for that role.

You and she are to go to market.

She and he have cast their votes.

23. fuEu verbs ds ckn reflexive pronoun dk direct object

ds #i es ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSAamuse blame cut

dry enjoy help

hurt introduce kill

prepare satisfy teach

24. By + reflexive pronoun dk vFkZ gksrk gS vdsys ;k vdsyk;k fdlh dh enn ds fcuk (alone or without anyone’s

help)

She lived by herself in a big house.

The old man walked home by himself.

The children got dressed by themselves.

I prepared the whole meal by myself.

25. fuEu prepositions ds ckn reflexive pronoun dkobject ds #i es ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

be ashamed of believe in

care about do with

hear about look after

look at take care of

26. This rFkk these dk ç;ksx utnhd dh oLrqvksa ds fy, fd;k

4

tkrk gS rFkk that vkSj those dk nwj dh oLrqvksa ds fy,AThis is my cousin, Neha’s jacket.

These are exported apples.

That was such an interesting experience.

These are nice-looking dresses.

How can accept something like this?

This is the book you asked for.

This is what you have to do become famous.

Note: dHkh dHkh this dk ç;ksx adverb ds #i esa Hkh fd;ktkrk gSA bl lanHkZ esa bldk vFkZ gksrk gS bruk (to this degree

or so) rFkk blds ckn good/much/far ;k as good/cold/

expensive etc as this tSls expressions dk ç;ksx fd;ktkrk gSA

When we have come this far, you don’t think of

turning back.

I haven’t had this much fun since I was a kid.

Who gave you a diamond ring as precious as this ?

27. Each, either rFkk neither dks distributive pronouns

dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd ;s ,d ls vf/kd O;fDr;ksa ;k oLrqvksa dksn”kkZrs gSa fdarq ,d ,d djds rFkk budk LoHkko lnk singular

gksrk gSAEither of you has to do the work today itself.

Neither of her parents wants her to be a modal.

Each of us has some duty to perform.

Each of the companies supports a local charity.

She kissed each of her children.

Either of his hands was paralysed.

28. Either rFkk neither dk ç;ksx rc fd;k tkrk gS tc ge nksO;fDr;ksa ;k oLrqvksa ds ckjs esa ckr djsaA Either dk vFkZ gS one

or the other of twoA Neither either dk opposite gSAbldk vFkZ gS ‘not the one nor the other’ of two.

Either of the two sisters is a doctor.

Either of us has to do this work.

Neither of the two countries wants to go to war.

Neither of them is ready to compromise.

Neither of the keys opens the door.

29. Each dk ç;ksx rc fd;k tkrk gS tc ge nks ;k nks ls vf/kd yksxksa ds lewg esa ls çR;sd O;fDr ;k oLrq dks ,d ,d djdsn”kkZrs gSaA

Each of the answers carries equal marks.

Each of the candidates was interviewed.

Each of us has different opinions.

Each of them wants to help us.

Each of these paintings will be put on display.

30. uhps fn, x, çR;sd okD; esa each ds ç;ksx dks /;ku lsns[ksaAI want each of you to fill out an application.

They each have played their part quite well.

We each have our own car.

I gave them each a copy of the script.

The cassettes are on sale at £3.50 each.

We can each choose our own subject.

Federer and Nadal had each won two games.

31. Either, neither rFkk each dk ç;ksx adjective ds #i esaHkh fd;k tkrk gSA ,sls esa buds ckn noun dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrkgSA

Each student must bring their dairy tomorrow.

Neither statement is valid.

There were roses on either side.

32. tc nks ls vf/kd O;fDr;ksa ;k oLrqvksa ds ckjs esa ckr fd;ktk, rks any, no one ;k none dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

I do not know any one of these five children.

You can take any of the three shirts.

None of these ten pen works properly.

None of these five cars are hired.

Mr Gupta has five daughters but none of them

is married.

No one of her three sons lives with her.

33. fuEu pronouns indefinite singular gaSA buds ckn vkusokys verb Hkh singular gksrk gSAanother anybody

anyone anything

everybody everyone

everything somebody

someone something

nobody no-one

nothing each

enough less

little much

neither one

other either

Somebody was knocking at the door.

Everyone wants to earn name and fame.

One of their daughters has just got married.

One of my friends has married an Italian.

Little of the artist's work has survived.

There was little doubt in my mind.

Little or nothing has been done on this front.

No one came forward to help me.

Little is known about that writer.

Nothing is permanent.

34. fuEu Indefinite pronouns ds ckn plural verb dk ç;ksxfd;k tkrk gSAboth few

many several

others

Any of them are guilty this time.

Few were present in the meeting.

Many say that I am changing.

5

Not many understand my English.

One suspect was found to be innocent and and

others were guilty.

35. fuEu Indefinite pronouns ds ckn singular ;k

plural verb dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

all some

more most

any none

such plenty

All were not in my favour.

All I need is your love.

None of his novels was very successful.

Most of my friends are graduates.

36.Each other rFkk one another dk s reciprocal

pronouns blfy, dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd ;s nks ;k nks ls vf/kd

,sls yksxksa ds lewg ls laca/k j[krs gS ftlesa çR;sd O;fDr ,d

nwljs ds fy, dqN djrk gSA

We cannot face each other after that.

Lola and Mithi met each other in a train.

They kept looking at each other and smiling.

They're always wearing each other's clothes.

Why are you always arguing with each other?

They didn’t look at one another.

Note: Each other rFkk one another ds ç;ksx dks ysdj

cgqr confusion gksrk gSA Traditionally, each other dk ç;ksx

nks rFkk one another dk nks ls vf/kd yksxksa ds fy, fd;k tkrk

jgk gSA fdarq ;g varj modern English esa yqIr gks jgk gSA

We sent each other New year’s cards.

vFkkZr, ge yksxksa us mu yksxksa dks cards Hkstsa rFkk os ge yksxksa

dksA bl okD; esa nks ls vf/kd yksxksa dh ckr dh tk jgh gSA

Each other rFkk one another ds possessive form

dk Hkh ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

They helped to look after each other’s children.

We often stayed in one another’s houses.

They should share one another’s problems.

37. fuEu verbs ds lkFk reciprocal pronouns dk ç;ksx fd;k

tkrk gS%

attract avoid

complement embrace

face fight

help kiss

marry meet

repel hate

love loathe

The gangsters were fighting one another.

Mona and Rahul love each other very much.

Peter and Paul admire each other.

The sisters were hugging one another.

38. dqN verbs ds lkFk each other rFkk one another dsigys prepositions dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;s verbs gS%a

agree coincide

collaborate compete

contrast co-operate

disagree joke

mix quarrel

stalk

We do not talk to each other now.

I saw them conversing with one another.

They use each other’s coats.

39. Relative “kCn dk vFkZ gksrk gS laca/k lwpdA vr% relative

pronoun og pronoun gS tks igys ç;qDr fdlh noun ;kpronoun ls laca/k LFkkfir djrk gS rFkk lkFk gh lkFk relative

clause dks vkjaHk djrk gSA

I have a friend who speaks many languages.

It was my sister who was performing at that time.

We were talking about the film that we had seen.

Ants are small insects that live in big groups.

This is the waiter who had served yesterday also.

It is I who have made all these arrangements.

He who digs a ditch for others falls in it himself.

Note: Antecedent: og word ;k phrase gksrk gS ftlds

lkFk relative pronoun laca/k n”kkZrk gSA

This is the book that I wanted to buy.

We did not catch the train which was running late.

The man who was wearing a coat informed us.

Sachin is the batsman who made most centuries.

40. ge tkurs gSa dh relative pronoun dk ç;ksx ml noun

;k pronoun ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS tks mlds igys vk;k gqvkjgrk gSA vr% relative pronoun dk person, number rFkkgender antecedent ds vuqlkj gksuk pkfg,A

There was a king who was known for his justice.

Mr. Kesari has two sons who live in New York.

He who digs a ditch for others falls in it himself.

Mrs. Sharma is the teacher who has donated all

her salary.

41. Relative pronoun dks çk;% mlds antecedent ds rqjar

ckn j[kk tkrk gSA okD; ds vFkZ dks Li’V j[kus ds fy, ;g

vko”;d gksrk gSA

The man who helped you is my friend.

The dictionary that I bought yesterday is lost.

She has a cousin who composes music.

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I know a student who can write with both hands.

42. vius functions ds vuqlkj relative pronouns viuk forms

Hkh cnyrs gSaA uhps fn, x, table dk /;ku ls v/;;u djsa

subject who which that

possessive whose

object whom which that

43. Who dk ç;ksx fdlh verb ds subject rFkk object ds #i

esa person ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

We saw the man who was carrying a weapon.

The boy who I scolded was rude.

Those who work hard succeed.

44. Which dk ç;ksx fdlh oLrq ;k animal ds fy, fd;k tkrk

gSA bldk subject rFkk object form same gksrk gSA

The car by which the couple was going was found.

The cow which he bought yesterday died.

The book which you gave me is very useful.

45. Relative pronoun that dk ç;ksx O;fDr rFkk oLrq nksuksa

ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

She could not find the ring that she had lost.

The people that I talked to were very helpful.

The waiter that served us not Indian.

46. Main clause es ;fn dqN certain words tSls everything,

anything, nothing, the thing, little, same, only, all,

superlatives dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gks rks that dk ç;ksx fd;ktkrk gSA

This is the same guide that we had hired.

You are the only stdudent that has done this.

Here is a little something that you can buy.

Plaza is the tallest building that our city has.

This is all that we have at present.

47. Whose dk ç;ksx relative clause ds vkjaHk esa gksrk gSAbldk ç;ksx O;fDr rFkk oLrq nksukas ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

The man whose luggage was lost was not rich.

The state whose citizens are diligent becomes

prosperous.

Where, when, whereby rFkk rFkk rFkk rFkk rFkk why

48. Where, when, why rFkk whereby dks Hkh relative

pronoun ds #i esa çk;% use fd;k tkrk gSAThis is the spot where the accident happened.

Cite any reason why you want to leave this job.

I know the time when he will come.

whatever, whoever, whosoever rFkkrFkkrFkkrFkkrFkk whichever

49. bu relative pronouns dk ç;ksx rc fd;k tkrk gS tcge ,sls O;fDr ;k oLrq dh ckr djsa tks indefinite ;k unknown

gksAI eat whatever I get.

Whoever heard of that news felt surprised.

Whoever wins this time will be selected.

Whichever of you gets here first will get a prize.

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HOW TO KNOW QUESTIONS BASED ON PRONOUNS BEFORE EXAMS

50. Pronouns ij based questions dks exam ls igys le>us

ds fy, vkidks noun rFkk pronoun ds chp laca/k LFkkfir

djus lh[kuk gksxkA blds igys chapter esa vkidks crk;k tk

pwdk gS dh noun ds pkj grammatical features gksrs gSa%

person, number, gender rFkk case (PNGC)Apwfd

pronoun fdlh noun ds LFkku ij vkus okyk word gksrk gS,

blfy, bl chapter ds T;knkrj questions nksuks ds laca/k dks

xyr djds cuk;k tkrk gSA uhps fn, x, points ls le>sa%

(a) ;fn dksbZ pronoun vius antecedent ds number rFkk

case ds vuqlkj ugha gks rks, error pronoun es agSA

(b) ;fn fdlh personal pronoun dk #i mlds function

ds vuq#i ugha cnyk x;k gks rks error ml pronoun esa gSA

(c) ;fn dksbZ relative pronoun vius antecedent ds person,

number rFkk gender ds vuqlkj ugha gS rks error ml

pronoun esa gSA

(d) mijksDr lHkh points dks ;fn ,d formula ij set fd;k

tk, rks bldk summary gksxk%

A Noun’s PNGC = A Pronoun’s PNGC

Look at the following questions

13. One must (a)/do his duty(b)/honestly.(c)/No

error(d)

14. I gave Shankar two books(a)/but he could not (b)/

complete it even in one month.(c)/No error(d)

15. I did the hard work(a)/ and someone else’s got

(b)/all the glory.(c)/No error (d)

16. The school has (a)/had a lot of success with

their(b)/ basic literacy programme.(c)/No error (d)

17. Teachers have been(a)/ asked to concentrate on

their(b)/ literacy and numeracy performance.(c)/

No error (d)

18. An acting coach (a)/was brought in for the (b)/

less experienced actors.(c)/No error (d)

19. The committee needs(a)/someone whom has

some(b)/ skill in financial planning.(c)/No error (d)

20. You and I don’t actually need (a)/to be members

to (b)/attend the event.(c)/No error (d)

21. Everyone in the (a)/office were expected(b)/ to

attend.(c)/No error (d)


13. (b): hi s ds LFkku ij one’s gksxk D;ksafd one jds LkkFkone’s dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA

14. (c): else’s LFkku ij else gksxkA15. (b): their ds LFkku ij its gksxk D;ksafd bldk ç;ksx singular

noun teacher ds fy, fd;k x;k gSA16. (d): their ds LFkku ij its gksxk D;ksafd bldk ç;ksx school

dss fy, fd;k x;k gSA17 .(d): No error

18. (d): No error

19. (b): whom ds LFkku ij who gksxk D;ksafd bldk ç;ksxsubject ds fy;k fd;k tk jgk gSA

20. (a): you and I ds LFkku ij I and you gksxk D;ksafd okD;negative meaning ns jgk gSA

21. (b): were ds LFkku ij was dk ç;ksx gksxk D;ks afdeveryone singular gksrk gSA

ADJECTIVES

51. Adjective og word gS tks fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq ds ckjs esadqN crkrk gSA mlds ckjs esa dqN vfrfjDr tkudkjh nsdj mudsvFkZ esa foLrkj djrk gSA

I water my lovely garden everyday.

India won the final match.

She wants to marry a rich man.

King Dashrath had three queens.

That incident changed me completely.

I am dead tired now.

Everyone seemed exhausted.

The weather has turned adverse.

Positions of Adjectives

52. pw¡fd adjective fdlh noun ;k pronoun ds ckjs esa dqNtkudkjh nsrk gS, blds positions dks nouns ds functions lsle>k tk ldrk gSA okD; esa noun fdlh verb ds subject, fdlhtransitive verb ds object, fdlh linking verb dscomplement rFkk fdlh preposition ds object dk dk;Z djrkgSA vFkkZr, tgk¡-tgk¡ gesa noun fey jgk gS, ogk¡-ogk¡ adjective

feysxk D;ksafd adjective fdlh noun dks qualify djrk gSA blçdkj fdlh okD; esa adjective ds fuEu positions gksrs gSa:(a) fdlh noun ds Bhd igysA

He had a long career as a principal.

Amitabh Bachchan is a tall actor.

The teacher asked me a difficult question.

I have a perfect solution to your problem.

She buried her lovely face in her hands.

I am in a very romantic mood today.

She had a dreamy look in her eye.

She spoke in a soft voice.

Cook it over a gentle heat.

You have been out every night this week.

Note: tc fdlh adjective dk ç;ksx fdlh noun ds igysfd;k tkrk gS rks mls attributive position dgrs gSaA

(b) bu adjectives dk ç;ksx lnk attributive position esagksrk gSAmain chief

utter outer

upper elder

eldest only

indoor sheer

sole mere

I have highlighted the main points.

My elder brother is a doctor.

What is your chief reason for coming here?

I do not like indoor games.

Only you can do this.

53. (a)fdlh linking verb ds cknAI was nervous before the interview.

Everyone is equal before the law.

Are you busy now?

India is really great.

You must be mad to go out at such time.

We all are ready to go with you.

Note: tc fdlh adjective dk ç;ksx fdlh noun ds igysfd;k tkrk gS rks mls predicative position dgrs gSaA

(b) fuEu adjectives dk ç;ksx lnk predicative position esagksrk gSAafloat afraid

aghast alert

alight alike

alive alone

aloof amiss

ashamed asleep

awake content

glad ready

unwell upset

He is still asleep.

The old lady is now all alone.

The snake is still alive.

I am feeling unwell.

We are ready to go.

You must be ashamed of yourself.

(c) fdlh indefinite pronoun ds cknAI want to eat something tasty.

We did everything possible to convince him.

Only somebody brave can challenge him.

Are you doing anything interesting.

Note: tc fdlh adjective dk ç;ksx fdlh Indefinite

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pronoun ds ckn fd;k tkrk gS rks mls postpositive

position dgrs gSa(d) dHkh-dHkh dqN transitive verb Hkh ,d linking verb dk

dk;Z djrs gSaA ,sls transitive verbs ds ckn adjective dkç;ksx mlds complement ds #i es fd;k tkrk gSA blsobjective complement dgrs gSaAThe singer drove the audience crazy.

Darkness made the work impossible to continue.

I found his story unbelievable.

The blow knocked him senseless.

vf/kdka”k adjectives dk ç;ksx attributive rFkk predicative

nksuksa positions esa fd;k tk ldrk gSAAttributive position

India is a great country.

Most films have happy ending.

She has a calm voice.

Priyanka Chopra is a famous actress.

Predicative position

Papa, you are really great.

I am very happy today.

We urge the people to remain calm.

Kolkata is famous for sweets.

Degrees of Comparison

54. fo”ks’k.k dk vFkZ gksrk gS fo”ks’krk crkus okyk rFkk fMxzh dkvFkZ gS mlds }kjk lwfpr xq.k dh lkis{k (relative) ek=k ;kifjek.kA vr% gesa degree of comparison ls ;gh irk pyrkgS dh fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq esa fdlh fo”ks’k.k }kjk lwfpr xq.kfdruk gS ;k fdlh vU; O;fDr ;k oLrq dh rqyuk esa mlls T;knkgS ;k deA English language es degree rhu çdkj ds gksras gS(a) Positive Degree: bles Adjective simple form es gksrkgSA blls dsoy ;g irk py ikrk gS dh fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq esdksbZ quality gSA blesa rqyuk ugh fd;k tkrk gSA

They live a simple life.

I cannot lift this heavy suitcase.

Your work is risky.

Cancer is a dangerous disease.

Can you solve this difficult problem?

He is young and incredibly handsome.

(b) Comparative Degree: Comparative Degree

positive degree dh rqyuk es fdlh xq.k dh vf/kd ek=k(higher degree) O;Dr djrk gSA bldk ç;ksx rc fd;k tkrkgS tc nks O;fDr;ksa ;k oLrqvksa dh rqyuk dh tkrh gSA

Mahesh is taller than Rohit.

China is more populous than Inida.

Radha is more beautiful than Rina.

Mr. Rout is wealthier than Mr. Singh.

My family is definitely larger than yours.

She is much better at maths than I am.

(c) Superlative Degree: bles fdlh xq.k dh highest degree

dk irk pyrk gSA bldk ç;ksx rc fd;k tkrk gS tc rhu ;krhu ls vf/kd O;fDr;ksa ;k oLrqvksa dh rqyuk dh tkrh gSA

You are my best friend.

That was the happiest day of life.

What is the highest mountain in India?

Raghu is the most intelligent student of the class.

Mohini is the most talkative girl in our family.

It is the world’s biggest computer company.

55. dqN ,sls adjectives gksrs gSa ftudks ge fofHkUu degrees

esa O;Dr ugha dj ldrs gSa D;ksafd os Lo;a esa complete ;kperfect gksrs gSaA ,sls adjectives dks non-gradable adjectives

dgk tkrk gSA/;ku ns fd ,sls adjectives ds igys very, more, most ;k abit tSls “kCnksa dk ç;ksx ugha fd;k tkrk gSA ;s gSa%

absurd amazed

alive awful

boiling brilliant

certain complete

correct dead

domestic essential

excellent extraordinary

gigantic huge

ideal impossible

ludicrous mortal

perfect principal

ridiculous superb

terrible terrified

unique unknown

white whole

I spent the whole day cleaning.

Do I look absurd in this suit?

What is your idea of perfect happiness?

Man is mortal.

In an ideal world no one would go hungry.

They committed a horrible crime.

I was unknown to her.

56. fuEu adjectives çk;% noun ds rqjar ckn ç;ksx fd, tkrsgSaAavailable imaginable

possible suitable

Is this dress available in a larger size?

We will do everything possible to save him.

57. dqN ,sls adjective gSa tks -ly ls var djrs gSaA mUgsadverb ugha le>uk pkfg,Adaily friendly

cowardly kindly

lively lonely

ugly silly

scholarly unlikely

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manly wily

What is your daily routine.

I am feeling lonely today.

You have made many silly mistakes in your essay.

Everyone likes Ranjan’s friendly nature.

It is unlikely to happen in a month.

58. dHkh-dHkh comparative ds igys the dk ç;ksx dj adverb

cuk;k tkrk gSAthe sooner...the better

the more...the more

the higher...the cooler

The sooner we start the work the better it is.

The more you read, the more you learn.

59. nks oLrqvksa esa lekurk n”kkZus ds fy, as rFkk like nksuksa dkç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA Like dk ç;ksx preposition ds #i esafdlh noun ;k pronoun ds igys fd;k tkrk gSA As dk ç;ksxconjuction rFkk adverb ds #i esa fd;k tkrk gSA

She has big eyes like her mother.

Harish is lanky like his elder brother.

She enjoys all kinds of music, as I do.

Repeat these five steps, as in the last exercise.

You can go first as you're the oldest.

60. nks O;fDr;ksa, oLrqvksa ;k fLFkfr;ksa dh rqyuk djus ds fy,as...as dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSAI am as tall as you.

She is not as intelligent as her brother.

Her skin is as soft as a baby's.

It's not as good as it used to be.

61. So...as dk ç;ksx negative sentence esa fd;k tkrk gSAIt was not as good as last time.

She is not so beautiful as you describe her to be.

This question is not so easy as you think.

You are not so quick a learner as your younger

brother.

Note: as...as rFkk so...as ds chp ;fn countable noun

dk ç;ksx gks rks article dk ç;ksx noun ds igys fd;k tkrkgS adjective ds igys ughaAHe is not as good a player as he used to be.

He is not so famous a painter as people think him

to be.

bUgs Hkh ns[ksaHow significant a role did he play?

It is not so simple a task as you are thinking.

How big a piece do you want?

62. So...that ds ckn fdlh clause dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rFkk soas ds ckn to + basic form of verb dkA

It is so difficult that even I cannot solve it.

I'm so tired that I could sleep in this chair!

I'm not so desperate as to agree to that.

I am not so stupid as to believe that.

63. Worth ds ckn gerund dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS mlds igysughaAIs this water worth drinking?

That film is worth seeing.

This idea is well worth considering.

It is worth making an appointment before you go.

64. Much ds ;s lHkh ç;ksx grammatically lgh gSaAmuch money/water, very much,

too much, much the best/worst/

much the same as not much good at

There is not much water in the bottle.

Thank you very much for your help.

You worry too much.

Your English is much the best.

I am not very good at badminton.

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HOW TO KNOW QUESTIONS BASED ON ADJECTIVES BEFORE EXAMS

65. Adjetives modify djrs gaS fdlh noun ;k pronoun

dksA budk ç;ksx noun ;k pronoun ds igys Hkh fd;k tkldrk gS rFkk muds ckn HkhA Noun ds igys çk;% twelve

kinds of adjectives dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;sadjectives gaS:(i) articles a, an the

(ii) possessive adjectives: my, our, your, his, her,

their and its

(iii) demonstrative adjectives: this, that, these,

those and such

(iv) distributive adjectives: either, neither, each

and every

(v) cardinals: one, two, three, four, five etc

(vi) ordinals: first, second, third, fourth, fifth etc

(vii) quantifiers: few, a few, the few, several, both

lot of, a lot of, much, little, a little, enough

(viii) present partciple: interesting, boring, daring,

challenging, increasing, decreasing,

(ix) past participle: wanted, developed, finished,

cooked, terrified, built, created, designed,

received

(x) adjectives: beautiful, handsome, difficult,

dangerous, famous, voracious, talkative,

salient, important, essential

(xi) noun functioning as adjectives: an iron gate,

a gold ring, a silver plate, a copper bell, a

cement factory, a computer game

(xii) possessive nouns: Though the possessive

nouns are not modifiers, they always come

before nouns to show relationship or

ownership.

Look at the following sentences

Their bikes were resting against the wall.

There were a lot of people there.

It's Jamie's twenty-first birthday party.

She was wearing a beautiful dress.

The film has a boringly predictable ending.

India has shown a singnificant improvement.

The work failed to meet their rigorous standards.

He scored three goals in quick succession.

Two youth were involved in a fatal road

accident.

66. Noun ;k pronoun ds ckn çk;% six kinds of adjectives

dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;s adjectives gaS:(i) preposition phrase

(ii) infinitive clause

(ii) present participle

(iv) past participle

(v) noun in apposition

(vi) adjective clause

A man of knowledge is respected everywhere.

A woman with children is waiting outside.

The sign over the door said "Exit".

Your wish to marry a prince will come true.

His intention to favour his relaitves is not noble.

A car coming from the opposite direction hit him.

The house built by my father was on auction.

Sachin, the actor, sang songs also.

He who works hard succeeds.

Note: adjectives ds bl order dks ;fn vki /;ku esa j[ksarks vf/kdka”k questions dks exam ls igys guess fd;ktk ldrk gSA bls uhps fn, x, structure ls le>saA

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67. bl structure ds vfrfjDr bu adjectives ds bu areas

ij ys[kd T;knkrj questions nsrs gSaA

(i) senior/junior/suprior/inferior ds ckn than dk

ç;ksx djds tcfd buds lkFk ‘to’ dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA

(ii) as...as/no sooner ... than/would rather ;k

would sooner ijA

(iii) better/larger/higher/greater...than ijA

(iv) so as to/so that ijA

(v) a lot of/lots of ijA

(vi) later/latter/latest/last ijA

(vii) elder/eldest/older/oldest ijA

(viii) cowardly/deadly/friendly/kindly/lively

lonely dks adverb dh rjg use djds tcfd ;s

adjective gksrs gSaA

(ix) adjective ds LFkku ij adverb rFkk adverb ds

LFkku ij adjective dk ç;ksx djdsA

(x) comparative ds LFkku ij superlative dk rFkk

superlative ds LFkku ij comparative dk ç;ksx

djdsA

look at the following questions

22. When you’ve got a (a)/crisis like this you need

(b)/professionally help.(c)/No error (d)

23. The traffic (a)/is heavily(b)/ and slow. (c)/No error (d)

24. The driver managed to (a)/escape from the

vehicle(b)/ and shout a warning.(c)/No error (d)

25. They warned him (a)/of the risks of(b)/ sailing

lonely.(c)/No error (d)

26. My friends endured (a)/tremendously danger

in (b)/order to help me. (c)/No error (d)

27. It’s easy to get a(a)/ seat at the best (b)/shows in

town.(c)/No error (d)

28. As sooner as I had (a)/made the final decision,(b)/

I felt a lot more relaxed.(c)/No error (d)

29. There was not (a)/longer any reason(b)/ to

hurry.(c)/No error (d)

30. I have just returned back (a)/from a holiday(b)/

in the United States.(c)/No error (d)

31. It's easier(a)/ to see why(b)/ they chose him.(c)/

No error (d)

32. A small number(a)/ of child are (b)/educated at

home. (c)/No error (d)

Functions of Nouns/Pronouns

1. subject (= N/P) + verb + object/complement (= N/P) + preposition + object of preposition (= N/P)

Adjectives coming before and after Nouns/Pronouns

2. (adj) + S (= N/P) + (adj) + verb + (adj) + obj./com. (= N/P+ (adj) + prep + (adj) + obj. of Prep (= N/P+ (adj


22. (c): professionally ds LFkku ij professional gksxk D;ksafd;g noun help dks qualify dj jgk gSA

23. (b): heavily ds LFkku ij heavy gksxk D;ksafd ;g noun

traffic dksqualify dj jgk gSA24. (d): No error

25. (c): lonely ds LFkku ij alone gksxk D;ksafd lonely dkvFkZ gksrk gS mnkl rFkk alone dk vdsyk

26. (b): tremendously ds LFkku ij tremendous gksxk D;ksafd;g noun danger dks qualify dj jgk gSA

27. (d): No error

28. (a):as sooner as ds LFkku ij as soon as gksxk D;ksafdokD;k esa dksbZ comparasion ugha gks jgk gSA

29. (a): not ds LFkku ij no gksxk D;ksafd no longer gksrk gSnot longer ugha

30. (a): delete ‘back’ D;ksafd return ds lkFk back dk ç;ksxughagksrk gSA

31. (a): easier ds LFkku ij easy D;ksafd adjective positive

degree esa gksxkA32. (b): child ds LFkku ij children gksxk D;kfd a small

number ds ckn vkus okyk noun lnk plural gskrk gSA

VERBS

68. Verb og “kCn ;k “kCn lewg gS ftlls fdlh dk;Z ds gksus(action) dk cks/k gksrk gS vFkok (state of being) voLFkk dkA

She teaches at private school.

I tackled him about his careless work.

Children go to school by bus.

My mother helps me with the homework.

He appeared deeply upset that day.

69. Finite Verb: og verb tks vius subject ds person rFkknumber ds vuqlkj cny tk,, different tenses rFkk finite

clause cuk,, finite verb dgykrk gSAMy mother cooks tasty dishes.

There are many mistakes in this letter.

She does not understand any Engish.

I am not at all hungry.

She will not do that mistake again.

You are to blame for this.

70. Non-finite verb: Non-finite verb dks vki finite lsle> ldrs gSaA og verb tks subject ds person rFkk number

ds vuqlkj ugha cnyrh gS rFkk tense ;k finite clause ughacukrh gS non-finite verb dgykrh gSA blds igys çk;% to dkç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

She wants to say something.

It is up to you to decide.

She asked me to marry her.

I am ready to go with you.

We are to start a new project.

71. Finite rFkk Non-finite dh enn ls vki verb lsrelated vf/kdka”k chapters dks vklkuh ls le> ldrsgSaA Finite verb ls cuus okys chapters gksrs gSa%

(i) Subject and Verb agreement

(ii) Tenses

(iii) Question tag

(iv) Active and Passive Voice

Non-finite verb ls cuus okys chapters gksrs gSa%(v) Infinitive

(vi) Gerund

(vii) Participle

(viii) Clauses

Note: A finite verb makes a finite clause while a

non-finite verb makes a non-finite clause.

Subject and Verb Agreementvki tkurs gSa fd noun rFkk pronoun subject dk dk;Z djrsgSaA subject ds person rFkk number ds vuqlkj verb cnytkrk gSA Verb esa gq, bl ifjorZu dks subject-verb agreement

dgk tkrk gSA pw¡fd verb esa ifjorZu subject ds dkj.k gksrk gS,blfy, bl chapter dks vklkuh ls le>us ds fy, fofHkUu çdkjls cu jgs subjects dks le>us ij /;ku dsafnzr gksuk pkfg,A

Simple Subjects72. Simple subjects ls gekjk rkRi;Z mu subjects ls gS

ftudks le>uk vklku gksrk gSA ,sls subjects çk;% single

word lss cus gksrs gSa ;k çk;% simply modified gksrs gSaAFarmers work hard in their fields.

Some children are naughty by nature.

The cow gives us many things.

An elephant is the largest animal on the earth.

I am not your sycophant.

You are a genius at sorting things out.

He is jealous of his friend’s fame.

She was discovered hiding in school library.

They are drunk with success.

Confusing Subjects

73. Confusing Subjects os subjects gSa ftuds ckn singular

verb gksxk ;k plural, ;g r; djus es çk;% confusion

gksrk gSA bl group esa fn, x, subjects ds ckn singular

verb dk ç;ksx gksrk gSAone of the actors

many a man

either/neither/each of the girls

not everyone

not much

a little knowledge

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a great deal of money/time/energy

a pair of shoes

the number of

a large percentage of the older population

two-fifths of the vineyard

some of + uncountable noun

all of + uncountable noun

One of the actors was on the stage.

Many a soldier has died for our mother land.

Neither of her parents is alive now.

74. bu subjects ds ckn plural verb dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA few/a few students

many teachers

several projects

both brothers

all of + plural noun/pronoun

some of + plural noun/pronoun

most of + plural noun/pronoun

gerund + gerund

infinitive+ infinitive

A few students were disturbing the class.

Many teachers are supporting the the students.

Several projects have failed in want of funds.

75. bu subjects ds ckn vkus okys verb dk number

conjunction ds ckn vkus okyk noun ;k pronoun dsnumber ij fuHkZj djrk gSAeither Ramesh or his friends

either Children or their class teacher

neither job nor businesses

the company or its staff

Either Ramesh or his friends are guilty.

Neither Children nor their teacher was in the

class.

76. bu subjects ds ckn vkus okyk verb dk number

conjunction ds igys vkus okys noun ;k pronoun dsnumber ij fuHkZj djrk gSARam as well as his friends

No one other than you

children not counting their parents

players including the coach

job besides business

Ram as well as his friends was in the party.

No other than you has to receive the chief guest.

77. bu subjects ds ckn vkus okyk verb dk number

conjunction ds igys vkus okys noun ;k pronoun dsnumber ij fuHkZj djrk gSAThe coach along with the players

Children along with their parents

the order together with a cheque for Rs. I lakh

a guest room in addition to five luxury suites

a fight between the rival groups

a matter of great importance

The coach along with the players was doing

practice in the ground.

A fight between the rival groups has claimed

several lives.

78. fuEu indefinite pronouns dk ç;ksx singular verbs dslkFk fd;k tkrk gSAeach one

nothing something somebody

anybody everyone no one

everybody everything something

other

Everyone wants name an fame in this world.

Somebody was knocking at the door.

Something is missing in the party.

Each of us comes from different city.

No one is absent from the meeting today.

79. One of/ each of/ either of/n either of/ the first of

+ plural noun ds ckn singular verb dk ç;ksx fd;ktkk gSAEither of them has resigned.

One of the agitators was carrying a weapon.

Neither of the girls is participating in the culture

programme.

Each of us has duty to do.

80. Both/several/many/ few/ a few/ the few/ ds cknplural noun rFkk plural verb dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSABoth books are new.

Several months have passed so far.

Many soldiers have been killed in the fight.

Only a few people take criticism polistively.

81. Some/all/more/ most/a lot/lots/half + of ds ckn;fn plural noun dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gks rks verb plural

gksxkASome of the apples are rotten.

All of you have gone mad.

A lot of journalists are covering that incident.

Lots of birds have been culled to preven the

spread of the disease.

Most of our friends are in our favour.

Half of the participants have not turned up so

far.

82. All/ more/ most/ some/ half/ enough/ any ds ckn;fn uncountable noun dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gks rks verb

singular gksrk gSAAll her income comes from share market.

More such work needs to be done.

Most of our time goes in productive work.

Half of the coal was imported from Australia.

13

83. Sentence ;fn there ls vkjaHk gks rks subject dk dk;Zverb dk complement djrk gSAThere was dangerous snake in the hole.

There were a large number of journalists

waiting outside the actor’s residence.

complex subjects84. Subject dk dk;Z infinitive clause, gerundial clause

rFkk noun clause Hkh djrs gSaA tc budk ç;ksx drkZ ds #i esafd;k tkrk gS rks buds ckn vkus okyk verb singular gksrk gSA

To keep everyone happy is really difficult.

To take risk even in business is not that easy.

Whether to wait for my friends or go alone was

a dilemma for me.

Smoking causes many diseases.

Being a good guardian is very responsible.

What I am today is all due to my parents.

When he will return from office is not certain.

Why he left us without giving any

information is still not known.

That she would behave with us so rudely was

even beyond our imagination.

85. Subject rc complex vkSj T;knk gks tkrk gS tc mldsigys modifiers rFkk mlds ckn Hkh modifiers or

adjectives dk ç;ksx T;knk la[;k esa fd;k tkrk gSAlook at the following questions

33. My children (a)/is all (b)/ to me.(c)/No error (d)

34. Not everyone(a)/knows(b)/this trick.(c)/No error (d)

35. Whose cattle are (a)/grazing in(b)/our field? (c)/ No

error(d)

36. Your trousers(a)/needs to (b)/be washed.(c)/No

error(d)

37. What is (a)/those people(b)/doing over

there?(c)/No error (d)

38. The front page news(a)/is more important(b)/

than the reports on other pages. (c)/No error

39. Some fifty head of cattle(a)/was driven away(b)/

from the paddy field.(c)/ No error (d)

40. Domestic poultry is (a)/now being raised (b)/

even by well-to-do families.(c)/No error (d)

41. Now court sommons are(a)/being sent against

those who violate traffic rules more than once.(c)/

No error(d)


33. (b): Subject ‘Children’ plural gS rFkk verb ‘ is’

singular gS blfy, error verb es gSA ‘is’ ds LFkkuij are gksxkA

34. (b): Subject ‘everyone’ singular gS rFkk verb plural

gS blfy, error verb es gSA ‘know’ ds LFkku ijknows gksxkA

35. (a) is ds LFkku ij ‘are’ gksxk D;ksafd mldk subject ‘cattle’

plural gSA36. (b): needs ds LFkku ij need gksxk D;ksafd bl verb dk

subject ‘trousers’ plural gSA37. (a): is ds LFkku ij ‘was’ gksx D;ksafd bldk subject

‘people’ plural gSA38. (b):are ds LFkku ij is gksxk D;kafd bldk subject ‘news’

singular gSA39. (b): was ds LFkku ij ‘ were’ gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject

‘head of cattle’ plural gSA ‘Head of cattle’ ns[kuses singular çfrr gks jgk gS fdarq gS ‘plural’

40. (a): is ds LFkku ij are gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject

‘poultry’ plural gSA41. (a): are ds LFkku ij ‘is’ gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject

‘summons’ singular gSA summons ns[kus es plural

yx jgk gS D;ksafd bles -s yxk gS fdarq ;g singulsr

gksrk gSA summons dk plural form summonses

gksrk gSA

TENSES86. Tense chapter le>us ds fy, vki ,d ckj verb dhifjHkk’kk dks ;kn djsaA ;g og “kCn gS ftlls fdlh dk;Z, ?kVuk ;kdqN gksus dh fLFkfr (state of being)dk cks/k gksrk gSA vFkkZr tcge dksbZ dk;Z djrs gSa rks fdlh u fdlh le; fo”ks’k esa djrs gSaAfØ;k ml dk;Z ds le; fo”ks’k dk cks/k viuk #i cny dj djkrhgSA vr% vki ;g dg ldrs gSa dh fdlh fØ;k dk og #i ftldkç;ksx fdlh dk;Z ds le; crkus ds fy, fd;k tk,, tense

dgykrk gSAI play a game of chess with my friends.

I played a game of chess with my friends.

I will play a game of chess with my friends.

mij fn, x, rhuksa okD;ksa esa ,d gh verb dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gStks gS playA ;fn dqN cny jgk gS rks og gS bl fØ;k dk #iplay , played rFkk will playA bu cnyrs forms ls D;k irkpy jgk gS? dk;Z dk le; cny jgk gSA Play ls irk py jgkgS dh dk;Z orZeku esa gksrk gSA played ls Kkr gks jgk gS dh dk;Zpast esa gqvk rFkk will play ls le> esa vk jgk gS fd dksbZ dk;ZvHkh vkus okys le; esa gksxkA bl çdkj tense rhu çdkj ds gksrsgSa the present tense, the past tense and the future tenseA

Aspects of Tenses

87. ,sls rks aspect “kCn dk vFkZ gksrk gS fo”ks’k Hkkx ;k igywAfdarq tc ge tenses ds aspect dh ckr djsa rks gekjk rkRi;Z gSdk;Z rFkk le; ds chp dk laca/kA nwljs “kCnksa esa tc verb dkform ;g crk, dh dksbZ dk;Z ,d ckj gks jgk gS, ckjckj gksrk gS,lekIr gks x;k gS ;k vHkh py jgk gS rks fØ;k ds ,sls #iksa dksaspects of tenses dgk tkrk gSA çR;sd tense ds pkj aspects

gksrs gSaA

14

1. Simple

2. Continuous

3. Perfect

4. Perfect continuous

3. bl çdkj dqy feykdj twelve aspects gks x,A bu aspects

dks fuEu table es n”kkZ;k x;k gSAa

resent past future

Simple Simple Simple

S+ V1

S+V 2 S + will/shall +V

1

Continuous Continuous Continuous

S + is, am, S + was were + S + will/shall

are + V4

V4

be + V4

Perfect Perfect Perfect

has/have S + had + V3 s + will/shall

+ have + V3

Per cont. Per cont. Per cont.

S+ has/have s + had been s + will/shall

+ v4

+ have been

V 4

88. ;s state verbs gSaA buds lkFk çk;% simple present

tense dk ç;ksx gkskr gSAbe desire

know need

seem appear

believe dislike

lack possess

intend understand

have belong to

doubt like

prefer want

smell contain

hate owe

wish imagine

mind depend

love mean

own look

Do you believe in fate?

I have many friends in this city.

Shikha prefers coffee to tea.

You owe me five hundred rupees.

Most women like salty items.

89. Simple Present Tense dk ç;ksx çk;% fuEu adverbs rFkkadverb phrases ds lkFk gksrk gSA

daily everyday

every week every weekend

ever once in a day

twice a week always

often sometimes

usually in the evening

on Saturday generallly

never in the morning

We often take this short-cut route.

They hold club meeting twice a month.

He sometimes writes to me.

90. fuEu adverbs rFkk adverb phrases ds lkFk present

continuous tense dk ç;ksx gksrk gSAnow at the moment

at present just

already still

Children are still playing outside.

Mona is typing a letter at the moment.

He is filling your form now.

91. fuEu adverbs rFkk adverb phrases ds lkFk present

perfect tense dk ç;ksx gksrk gSAjust recently

already lately

before still

so far upto now

till date ever

never yet

since 2011 for ten days

92. Present perfect continuous tense es çk;% for/since

dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA For dk ç;ksx period of time

ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS rFkk since dk ç;ksx starting point

of time of an action ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSAfor ten minutes for half an hour

for weeks for decades

for centuries for millions of years

for a long time for a couple of months

for a few days since yesterday

since 6 a.m. since morning

since my childhood since 8 p.m.

since 2001 since when

since then since when

93. Simple past tense dk ç;ksx çk;% fuEu adverbs rFkkadverb phrases ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gSyesterday last night

15

this morning last week

last month this evening

last year that day

after that that afternoon

the other day ago

the other week in 2001 then

that day that time just recently

as a student in 2005

Last night a thief broke into my house.

Children did not complain that time.

I did my graduation many years ago.

94. Modern English es shall rFkk will dk difference yxHkxlekIr lk gks pqdk gSA Shall dk use vc T;knkrj blfy, ughgksrk gS D;ksafd ;g cgqr formal rFkk old-fashioned çrhrgksrk gSA gkWykfd British English es I rFkk we ds lkFk shall

dk ç;ksx vHkh Hkh fd;k tkrk gS tc question iwNuk gks ;ksuggestion nsuk gksA tSls,

What shall I wear to the party?

When shall we leave for the function?

How shall we manage the expense?

HOW QUESTIONS ARE SET ON TENSES

Questions on tenses are framed on mainly three

areas

(i) on the formation of tenses

(ii) on the uses of tenses and

(iii) on the relationship of tenses and time de-

noting word in a clause

Let us discuss some questions on each of the

three areas

(i) on the formation of tenses

(a) vki tkurs gSa verb tc viuk form cnydj fdlhaction ;k event dk time crkrk gS rks mls tense

dgrs gSaA(b) tc fdlh verb ds igys auxiliary verb dk ç;ksx ugha

fd;k x;k gks rks simple present rFkk simple past

tense curs gaSA(c) be + verb ds present participle form dk ç;ksx

dj continuous tenses cuk, tkrs gSaA(d) have + past participle dk ç;ksx dj perfect

tenses cuk, tkrs gSaA(e) have + been + present participle dk ç;ksx dj

perfect continuous tenses cuk, tkrs gSaAlook at the following questions

42. It was a(a)/cold frosty(b)/morning.(c)/No

error(d)

43. He is not been(a)/having much(b)/ luck recently.

(c)/No error(d)

44. There has a small problem(a)/ that we need(b)/

to discuss.(c)/No error(d)

45. The customers(a)/ haven’t complained,(b)/is it

?(c)/No error(d)

46. Tom is from a(a)/ small town(b)/ in Canada.(c)/

No error(d)

47. He has just being(a)/silly again – pay(b)/ no

attention(c)/No error(d)

48. There’s a woman in the(a)/ other room who want

(b)/to talk to you.(c)/No error(d)

49. There is several houses(a)/ lying empty in(b)/ the

town.(c)/No error(d)

50. He has plenty(a)/ of money but(b)/ no style.(c)/

No error(d)

51. Did you(a)/ had a(b)/ nice walk?I(c)/No error(d)

52. The customers(a)/ have not been

complained,(b)/ have they?(c)/No error(d)

53. Has anybody saw(a)/ Dave this(b)/afternoon?(c)/

No error(d)

54. We did not got a chance to(a)/ talk to her, but(b)/

I wish we had.(c)/No error(d)

55. Why do not we(a)/ had lunch together(b)/ on

Friday?(c)/No error(d)

56. She has been late for(a)/work every morning(b)/

that week.(c)/No error(d)

57. The room had(a)/a balcony(b)/facing the sea.(c)/

No error(d)

58. We are have a wonderful(a)/ time here(b)/ in

Mumbai.(c)/No error(d)

59. I looked in all the(a)/shops for string but there(b)/

was none to be have (c)/No error(d)


42. (d): No error

43. (a): isn’t ds LFkku ij hasn't gksxk D;ksafd present perfect

continuous esa has/ have dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA44. (a): has ds LFkku ij is gksxk D;ksafd ‘a small problem

complement’ dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA45. (c): is it ds LFkku ij have they gksxk D;ksafd main

statement present perfect es agSA46. (d): No error

47. (a): has ds LFkku ij is gksxk D;ksafd being lkFk is dkç;ksx gksrk gSA

48. (b): want ds LFkku ij wants gksxk D;ksafd mldkantecedent woman singular gSA

49. (a): is ds LFkku ij are gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject

16

‘several houses’ plural gSA50. (d): No error

51. (b): had ds LFkku ij have gksxk D;ksafd did ds ckn verb

ds basic form dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA52. (b): delete ‘been’

53. (a): saw ds LFkku ij seen gksxk D;ksafd has /have ds cknpast participle dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA

54. (a): did not got ds LFkku ij did not get gksxkA55. (b): had ds LFkku ij have gksxk D;ksafd do ds ckn verb

ds basic form dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA56. (a): has been ds LFkku ij had been gksxk D;ksafd that

week past time dks refer dj jgk gSA57. (d): No error

58. (a): have ds LFkku ij having gksxk D;ksafd are ds cknpresent participle dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA

59. (c): have ds LFkku ij gksxk had D;ksafd verb passive

form esa gSA

(ii) on the uses of tenses

60. The child hid behind the tree(a)/and ask his

friend(b)/to search him.(c)/No error(d)

61. He says that he travelled (a)/a lot this week

due(b)/ to his project.(c)/No error(d)

62. By the time you reach(a)/ to the threatre, we(b)/

would be there.(c)/No error(d)

63. Mr. Awasthi is teaching(a)/teaching in this(b)/

college since 2005.(c)/No error(d)

64. It is true that very(a)/ few people admit that(b)/

they are wrong.(c)/No error(d)

65. I cannot played with(a)/you because I have

four(b)/ classes today evening.(c)/No error(d)

66. It seems that(a)/ it is (b)/ cloudy tomorrow.(c)/

No error(d)

67. Mr. Jones washes(a)/his car every day,(b)/hasn’t

he?(c)/No error(d)

68. My Father has not gone (a)/ go to work(b)/

yesterday because he was ill.(c)/No error(d)

69. My brother will go(a)/abroad as soon as he(b)/

get his passport.(c)/No error(d)

70. Can you tell me what(a)/is time the(b)/bookstore

closes?(c)/No error(d)

71. I arrived over an hour(a)/late to the office and

(b)/everyone is working.(c)/No error(d)

72. Before we started(a)/the party all our(b)/friends

gathered. (c)/No error(d)

73. Nehal along with his(a)/girl friend had seen that

new (b)/film just yesterday itself.(c)/No error(d)

74. It is time(a)/we do something(b)/to promote our

concept.(c)/No error (d)


60. (b): ask ds LFkku ij asked gksxk D;ksafd first main

clause past esa gSA61. (a): travelled ds LFkku ij has travelled gksxk D;ksafd

okD; esaa this time dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gS tks present

time dks refer dj jgk gSA62. (c): would ds LFkku ij will gksxk D;ksafd main clause

future time dks refer dj jgk gSA63. (a): is ds LFkku ij has been gksxk D;ksafd since rFkk for

ds present perfect tense dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA64. (d): No error

65. (a): played ds LFkku ij play gksxk D;ksafd can ds cknverb ds basic form dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

66. (b): is ds LFkku ij will be gksxk D;ksafd okD; esa tomorrow

dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA67. (c): hasn’t ds LFkku ij he doesn’t he? gksxk D;ksafd

main clause present indefinite esa gSA68. (a): has not gone ds LFkku ij did not gksxk D;ksafd

yesterday past time dks refer dj jgk gSA69. (c): get ds LFkku ij gksxk gets D;ksafd bldk subject

he singular gSA70. (b): delete is

71. (c): is ds LFkku ij was gksxk D;ksafd main clause past

tense esa gSA72. (c): gathered ds LFkku ij had gathered gksxk D;ksafd

tc nks actions past esa gks rks first action past

perfect esa gksrk gS rFkk ckn esa gksus okyk action

simple past esaA73. (b): had seen ds LFkku ij saw gksxk D;ksafd okD; esa

yesterday dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA74. (b): do ds LFkku ij did gksxk D;ksafd it is time/it is high

it is high tinme ds ckn simple past tense dkuse fd;k tkrk gSA

(ii) on relation between tenses and time

denoting words

(a) vki tkurs gSa dh verb dk vyx-vyx form aaction

dk time crkrk gSA(b) fdarq ;fn fdlh clause esa verb ds vfrfjDr time

crkus okys fdlh vU; word dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gks rksml clause dk tense time adverb ds vuqlkj cnytkrk gSA


75. Some of my friends(a)/ have seen that film(b) just

yesterday itself.(c)/No error(d)

76. We raise that issue of(a)/ law and order in(b)/

the next club meeting.(c)/No error(d)

17

77. The severe drought (a)/has affected a large part

of the(b)/country last week.(c)/No error(d)

78. That driver is blowing the(a)/ horn for more

than(b)/ ten minutes.(c)/No error(d)

79. They are saying that(a)/ they did not receive

any(b)/reply from the ministry upto now.(c)/No

error(d)

80. It has been raining cats(a)/and dogs since(b)/ last

Monday.(c)/No error(d)

81. Before we reached(a)/there, my relatives(b)/

made all the arrangements.(c)/No error (d)


75. (b): seen ds LFkku ij saw gksxk D;ksafd okD; esa yesterday

dk use fd;k x;k gSA76. (a): raise ds LFkku ij will raise gksxk D;ksafd next club

meeting future time denote dj jgk gSA77. (b): delete ‘has’

78. (a): is blowing ds LFkku ij has been blowing gksxkD;ksafd for ;k since ds lkFk present perfect ;kpresent perect continuous tense dk use gksrk gSA

79. (b):did not receive ds LFkku ij have not receive

gksxk D;ksafd upto now ds lkFk present perfect

tense dk use gksrk gSA80. (d): No error

81. (c): made ds LFkku ij had made gksxk D;ksafd ;g action

reached ds igys /kfVr gks jgk gSA

Question Tag

95. Question tag ij based questions dks çk;% fuEurules dk ç;ksx dj cuk;k tk ldrk gSA

(a) Question tags fdlh satement ds var esa cuk,x, short questions gksrs gSaA

(b) Question tags statement esa ç;qDr auxiliary

verb rFkk mfpr subject dks tksM+dj cuk;k tkrk gSA(c) Question tag esa mlh verb dk ç;ksx gksrk gS tks

sentence ds main part esa vk;k gSA(d) Statement ;fn positive gks rks tag negative gksrk

gS rFkk statement ;fn negative gks rks tag postive

gksrk gSA(e) ;fn statement esa auxiliary verb ugha gks rks tag

cukus ds fy, do/does/did dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA(e) ;fn fdlh question tag ds sentence esa I am gks

rks mldk tag ‘aren’t I’ gksrk gSA(g) ;fn question tag ds main sentence e s a

somebody/someone/everybody/everyone

tSls pronouns dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gks rks muds LFkku

18

ij question tag es ‘they’ dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSAlook at the following questions

82. He’s a famous(a)/doctor of the city,(b)/ isn’t it?

((c)/No error (d)

83. We would never (a)/have known the whole(b)/

truth, wouldn’t we?(c)/No error (d)

84. He had met her(a)/before his marriage, (b)/

didn’t he? (c)/No error (d)

85. You don’t recognise(a)/me after this(b)/long

time, do you?(c)/No error (d)

86. Nobody knows(a)/where they are,(b)/does

he?(c)/No error(d)

87. They have gone(a)/away for a few days,(b)/have

they?(c)/No error (d)

88. You think you are(a)/good at mathematics,(b)/

aren’t you?(c)/No error (d)

89. You haven’t(a)/met him, (b)/have you?(c)/No

error (d)

90. Nothing will(a)/happen to our(b)/ car, won’t will

it?(c)/No error(d)

91. You won’t tell(a)/this to anyone,(b)/ will you?(c)/

No error(d)

92. Everyone knows this(a)/this formula(b)/doesn’t

he?(c)/ No error (d)


82. (c): isn’t it ds LFkku ij isn’t he gksxk D;ksafd main

statement dk subject he gSA83. (c): wouldn’t we ds LFkku ij would we gksxk D;ksafd

main sentence negative gSA84. (c): didn’t he ds LFkku ij hadn’t he gksxk D;ksafd main

statement past perfect esa gSA85. (d): No error

86. (c): does he ds LFkku ij do they gksxk D;ksafd tcmain sentence dk subject nobody/

somebody/someone/everyone ;k everybody

gks rks question tag esa they dk use gksrk gSA87. (c): have they ds LFkku ij haven’t they gksxk D;ksafd

main stement present perfect tense esa gSA88. (d):

89. (c) haven’t you ds LFkku ij have you dk use gksxkD;ksafd main statement negative gSA

90. (c): wont it ds LFkku ij will it gksxk D;ksafd nothing dsuse ds dkj.k sentence negative gSA

91. (d): No error

92. (c): doesn’t he ds LFkku ij don’t they gksxkA

Questions Based on Active an Passive Voice

Note: bl chapter ds concepts rFkk techniques

ds fy, vki voice chapter ns[ksaAlook at the following questions

93. The injured were taking(a)/to the hospital(b)/

by the firemen.(c)/No error(d)

94. Candidates who are (a)/successful in the

written test(b)/will be inviting for an interview.

(c)/No error(d)

95. That had been given Stella(a)/the chance to

organise(b)/this impromptu lunch.(c)/No

error(d)

96. Women are saying (a)/to live longer(b)/ than

men.(c)/No error(d)

97. Surprisingly,(a)/mathematics was(b)/voted

their favourite subject.(c)/No error(d)

98. All the necessary(a)/precautions were taking

(b)/ by them.(c)/No error(d)

99. He had been always(a)/maintained (b)/his

innocence. (c)/No error(d)

100. Even small amounts(a)/of these substances are

known(b)/by cause skin problems.(c)/No

error(d)

101. They have been informed(a)/him of his(b)/

mother’s death.(c)/No error(d)

102. The delegates were received a(a)/welcoming

speech by(b)/ the President.(c)/No error(d)

103. The proposal(a)/will laugh (b)/out of court.(c)/

No error(d)

104. The court ruled that laws(a)/pass passed by the

assembly(b)/ remained valid.(c)/No error(d)

105. The bridge was began five years(a)/ ago and

the estimated(b)/cost has already doubled.(c)/

No error(d)

106. Earlier reports suggested(a)/that a meeting

would be taken place (b)/ on Sunday.(c)/No

error(d)

107. They were awarded her a(a)/grant to study

abroad(b)/ for one year. (c)/No error(d)

108. Several people were(a)/ignored the(b)/no-

smoking sign.(c)/No error(d)

109. She had neglected to inform me that(a)/the

company was(b)/had financial problems. (c)/No

error(d)

110. Students are advised to(a)/ read all the(b)/

questions carefully.(c)/No error(d)

111. Ministers were told not(a)/to be criticized

the(b)/ policy publicly.(c)/No error(d)

112. The army was left a trail(a)/ of destruction(b)/

behind them.(c)/No error(d)

ANSWERS WITH ANALYSIS

93. (a): taking ds LFkku ij taken gksxk D;ksafd verb passive

voice esa gksxkA94. (c): will be inviting ds LFkku ij will be invited gksxk

D;ksafd verb passive voice esa gksxkA95. (a): had been given ds LFkku ij had given gksxk

D;ksafd ;fn fdlh main verb ds ckn mldk object

fn;k x;k gks rks og verb lnk active voice esa gksrk gSA96. (a): are saying ds LFkku ij are said gksxk D;ksafd

subject receiver gSA97. (d): No error

98. (b): were taking ds LFkku ij were taken gksxk D;ksafdsubject receiver gSA

99. (c): by ds LFkku ij to gksxkA100. (c): ‘by’ LFkku ij ‘to’ gksxkA101. (a): delete ‘been’

102. (a): delete ‘were’

103. (b): will laugh ds LFkku ij will be laughed gksxkD;ksafd

104. (b): pass ds LFkku ij passed gksxk D;ksafd105. (a): was began ds LFkku ij was begun gksxk D;ksafd

passive main verb ds past participle form dkuse gksrk gSA

106. (b): would be taken place ds LFkku ij would take

verb passive esa gksxk intransitive verb dk passive

ughs gksrk gSA107. (a):were awarded ds LFkku ij awarded gksxk D;ksafd

;fn fdlh main verb ds ckn mldk object fn;kx;k gks rks og verb lnk active voice esa gksrk gSA

108. (b): ignored ds LFkku ij ignoring gksxkA109. (c): had ds LFkku ij having gksxkA110. (d): No error

111. (b): to be criticized ds LFkku ij criticze gksxk112. (a): was left ds LFkku ij left gksxkA

INFINITIVE

96. vki finite rFkk non-finite verb ds ckjs esa verb chap-

ter esa i<+ pwds gSaA vki tkurs gSa dh finite verb vius subject

ds vuqlkj cny tkrh gSA fdarq non-finite ij subject dk dksbZçHkko ugha i<+rk gSA bldk vFkZ gS ;g fd non-finite fØ;k dslkFk vki -s/-es, -ing ;k -d/-ed vkfn dk ç;ksx ugha djldrs gSa ;k ;g fØ;k tenses ugha cukrh gSA ;g fØ;k lnk verb

dk basic form gksrh gS rFkk çk;% particle ‘to’ ds ckn vkrhgSAuhps fn, x, okD;ksa dks /;ku ls ns[ksa

Workers have decided to go on strike.

He wants to become a singer.

19

They agreed to pay costs.

Mr. Singh is to retire next month.

I am to leave for office in a few minutes.

You are to blame for this incident.

mij fn, x, çR;sd okD; esa underlined fd xbZ fØ;k finite

gS D;ksafd og vius subject ds vuqlkj viuk person rFkk muber

rFkk tense cny jgh gSA fdarq bold rFkk italic esa fn xbZ fØ;kesa bl çdkj dk dksbZ Hkh ifjorZu ugha gks jgk gS D;ksafd ;ginfinitve gSA

Functions of Infinitive

97. Infintive verb dk og #i gS tks verb ds lkFk lkFknoun dk Hkh dk;Z djrk gSA blds bl LoHkko ds dkj.k blsverbal noun Hkh dgk tkrk gSA Noun ds #i esa ;g dk;Z djrkgS%(a) fdlh verb ds subject ds #i esaA

To err is human.

To forgive is divine.

To lie is not a good habit.

To work is our duty.

To cry is her nature.

mij fn, x, lHkh okD;ksa esa bold rFkk italic esa fn xbZ fØ;kinfinitive gS tks mlds ckn underlined fd xbZ finite fØ;kds subject dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA(b) fdlh transitive verb ds object ds #i esaA

Children want to go.

She promised to come.

We decided to wait.

They refused to begin.

They stopped to see.

mij fn, x, lHkh okD;ksa esa bold rFkk italic esa fn xbZ fØ;kinfinitive gS tks mlds igys underline fd xbZ transitive

verb ds object dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA(c) fdlh linking verb ds object ds #i esaA

She is to come soon.

We are to begin that project from next month.

I am yet to take a decision.

They seem to know about your plan.

She appeared to be in a hurry.

mij fn, x, çR;sd okD;a esa bold rFkk italic esa fn xbZ fØ;kinfinitive gS tks mlds igys underlined fd xbZ linking

verb ds complement dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA(d) Noun ds vfrfjDr infinitive adjective rFkk adverb

dk dk;Z djrk gSA uhps fn, x, okD;ksa dks ns[ksaAShe had a strong desire to return home.

We have the right to protest.

She has great ability to convince people.

Your attempt to cheat us will never succeed.

I have no intetion to change my present job.

mij fn, x, çR;sd okD; esa bold rFkk italic esa fn xbZ

fØ;k infinitive gS tks mlds igys underline fd xbZ laKkdks qualify dj jgh gSA pw¡fd infinitive bu okD;ksa esanoun dks qualify dj jgh gS blfy, ;g adjective gSA

98. bu nouns ds ckn çk;% infinitive dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSAability advice agreement

ambition anxiety appeal

arrangement attempt chance

choice decision demand

desire determination dream

eagerness failure goal

intention motivation need

offer opportunity order

permission plan preparation

promise proposal refusal

reluctance reminder request

requirement suggestion tendency

way wish

99. bu verbs ds ckn çk;% infinitive dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSAagree appear arrange

ask attempt beg

afford wait care

chance choose claim

come consent dare

decide demand deserve

determine elect endeavour

expect fail get

guarantee hesitate hope

hurry incline learn

manage mean need

neglect offer pay

plan prepare pretend

profess promise

prove refuse remain

request resolve say

seek seem shudder

strive struggle swear

tend threaten turn out

venture volunteer wait

want wish

would like yearn

100. fuEu adjectives ds ckn to infinitive dk

ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSAafraid amazed anxious

ashamed bound careful

certain content delighted

determined eager eligible

fortunate glad happy

hesitant liable likely

lucky pleased proud

ready reluctant sad

shocked sorry surprised

20

BARE INFINITIVE

101. ‘To’ dk ç;ksx infinitive ds lkFk çk;% gksrk gS ysfdu ;gmldk essential part ;k mldk sign ughsa gSA tc infinitve

dk ç;ksx fcuk ‘to’ dk gksrk gS rks mls ‘bare infinitive’ dgrsgSaA bldk ç;ksx fuEu LFkkuksa ij gksrk gSA(a) Modal verbs will, would, shall, should, may,

might, can, could and must ds cknAYou should work hard.

They may ask you to order for their new product.

It may or may not be true

Se must not waste her precious time.

You will have only two chances.

/;ku nsa dare rFkk need dk ç;ksx tc main veb ds #i esagksrk gS rks muds ckn ‘to’ dk ç;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSAHe did not dare to say what he wanted.

You do not need to write another application.

(b) Verbs bid, let, make, see, help, hear, need, dare

ds cknAMy mother helped me do my homework.

They made us laugh.

Let me give you a piece of advice.

We heard someone cry in the dark.

(c) dqN vU; words tSls had better, would rather, sooner

than and rather than ds cknAI would rather wait for her than go alone.

We would rather have a cup of hot coffee.

I would sooner inform you than leave you

guessing.

You had better leave now or you will miss the

train.

(d) but s ds cknA

You can but guess.

look atthe following questions

113. We were half (a)/expecting you not(b)/ to

come back. (c)/No error(d)

114.There is no plan(a)/to taking (b)/ new

projects.(c)/No error(d)

115. She admitted(a)/ to make (b)/ a mistake. (c)/

No error(d)

116. I've asked her to(a)/preparing a report(b)/ for

the meeting.(c)/No error(d)

117. I want to travel because(a)/I enjoy to meet

people and(b)/ see ing new places.(c)/No

error(d)

118. On leaving jail,(a)/Joe determined(b)/to

reforming.(c)/No error(d)

119. My parents mean(a)/me to being (b)/ a

pilot.(c)/No error(d)

120. The firm's directors chose(a)/Hema to be the

new(b)/ production manager. (c)/No error(d)

121. You should avoid(a)/to make an argument(b)/

with elders.(c)/No error(d)

122. It's always a risk(a)/to start up a(b)/ new

business.(c)/No error(d)


113.(d): No error

114.(b): taking ds LFkku ij take gksxk D;ksafd plan ds ckninfinitive dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA

115.(b): make ds LFkku ij making gksxk D;ksafd admit tods ckn gerund dk use gksrk gSA

116.(b): preparing ds LFkku ij prepare gksxk D;ksafd ask dsckn infinitive dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA

117. (b): meet ds LFkku ij meeting gksxk D;ksafd enjoy dsckn gerund dk ç;ksx gksr kgSA

118. (c): reforming ds LFkku ij reform gksxk D;ksafd de-

termined ds ckn gerund dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA119. (b): being ds LFkku ij be gksxk D;ksafd mean ds ckn

infinitive dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA120.(d): No error

121.(b): to make ds LFkku ij making gksxk D;ksafd avoid

ds ckn gerund dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA122.(b): start ds LFkku ij starting gksxk D;ksafd risk ds ckn

gerund dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA

GERUND

102. Gerund verb dk ,d #i gksrk gS tks -ing ls var djrk gSrFkk dk;Z djrk gS noun dkA bls ge verbal noun Hkh dgrs gSaA

Smoking is injurious to health.

Swimming is a good exercise.

It was nice meeting you.

Who does not like being praised.

She accused him of lying.

Functions of Gerund

103. pw¡fd gerund noun dk dk;Z djrk gS vr% bldk ç;ksxfd;k tk ldrk gS%(a) fdlh verb ds subject ds #i esaA

Telling lies is his old habit.

Completing that project took much time.

Reading helps you learn English.

Keeping everything in mind is not possible.

(b) fdlh transitive verb ds object ds #i esaAThey don’t mind being together.

Joe likes watching the crowd.

I can’t stand sitting idle.

Mona practices playing the piano.

Bob deserves having a day off.

21

(c) fdlh linking verb ds complement ds #i esaAWhat I love is being alone.

(d) fdlh preposition ds object ds #i esaAI will call you after reaching there.

Instead of shouting, you should help me.

How about coming round this evening?

Gerund Clause

104. Gerund ds ckn object, complement ;k fdlh ad-

verbial dk ç;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA tc gerund ds ckn “kCnksadk ,slk lewg vk, rks mls gerund clause dgrs gSA

Smoking too much gives him a headache.

I look forward to seeing you soon.

He’s nervous because of not being on time.

His problem is not coming to class on time.

I regret having said that.

Excuse me for having bothered you.

Words Followed by Gerund

105. cgqr ls ,sls word s gSa ftuds ckn gerund dk ç;ksx fd;ktkrk gSA bUgsa /;ku esa j[ksaA

(a) fuEu verbs ds ckn gerund dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA

admit advise appreciate

avoid can’t help complete

consider delay deny

detest dislike enjoy

escape excuse finish

forbid get through have

imagine mind misspermit

postpone practicequit recall

report resent resist

resume risk suggest

Note: dqN ,sls Hkh verbs gSa ftuds ckn infinitive ;k gerund

nksuks dk ç;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;s verbs gSabegin, bother, can’t bear, cease, commence,

continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, propose,

can’t stand, start

(b) fuEu prepositional verbs ds ckn gerund dk ç;ksx gksrk gSAaccuse of adjust to agree with

apologize for approve of ask about

ask for begin by believe in

be used to blame for care for

carry on concentrate cope with

decide for depend on die of

dream of escape from feel like

forgive for give up insist on

keep on look forward to object to

pay for prevent sb from protect from

put off rely on succeed in

suspect of take part in talk of

thank for think of use for

warn against worry about

(c) fuEu adjectives + prepositions ds ckn gerund dkç;ksx gksrk gSAaccustomed to afraid of angry at

annoyed at anxious about ashamed of

aware of bad at bored with

capable of close to content with

different from engaged in excited at

famous for fed with of fond of

good at grateful for guilty of

happy about intent on interested in

involved in keen on known for

nervous about opposed to pleased about

ready for resigned to responsible for

satisfied with sorry for successful in

surprised at tired of worry about

(d) fuEu noun + prepositions ds ckn gerund dk ç;ksx gksrk gSAadvantage of aim of anger at

appearance of awareness of benefit of

business of case of chance of

danger of difficulty in effect of

excuse for experience of fact of

fear of feeling of habit of

honour of hope of idea of

importance of insistence on intention of

interest in job of matter of

objection to opportunity for part of

pleasure in paint in possiblity of

problem of prospect of purpose in

question of reason for reputation for

risk of sense of way of


123. The noise prevented(a)/me from(b)/sleep . (c)/

No error(d)

124. He is not good(a)/ at management(b)/ his

business.(c)/No error(d)

125. It is not good for(a)/ you to (b)/ eating too

much.(c)/No error(d)

126. We used to go(a)/to the cinema(b)/

together.(c)/No error(d)

127. I regret to informing(a)/ you that your credit

limit(b)/ has been exceeded.(c)/No error(d)

128. Why do you keep(a)/to look (b)/ at me?(c)/No

error(d)

129. The police suspected(a)/the man of(b)/ be a

spy.(c)/No error(d)

130. A visitor is(a)/ demanding to seeing (b)/the

maganger.(c)/No error(d)

131. Every day she(a)/delays to get (b)/ out of

22

bed.(c)/No error(d)

132. He’s fed up with(a)/ listening to(b)/ his

complaints.(c)/No error(d)

133. We postponed to make (a)/ any decision(b)/ in

the meeting.(c)/No error(d)

134. You should learn(a)/express(b)/ yourself.(c)/No

error(d)

135. He began to learn(a)/ English when he(b)/was

eight.(c)/No error(d)

136. I am looking (a)/forward (b)/to meet you.(c)/

No error(d)

137. After left school,(a)/ I worked as a(b)/

government employee.(c)/No error(d)

138. He always dreams(a)/about gone (b)/ on

holiday.(c)/No error(d)

139. They warned all the(a)/ citizens against(b)/

bought the pills.(c)/No error(d)

140. Instead of to go(a)/ abroad, they went to see

their(b)/ parents in the country.(c)/No error(d)

141. I can’t afford(a)/ to going (b)/ to the pub. (c)/

No error(d)

142. She’s very good(a)/at song (b)/ slow songs.(c)/

No error(d)

143. I try to avoid(a)/to go shopping(b)/on

Saturdays. (c)/No error(d)

144. He resisted(a)/ to ask (b)/ for help.(c)/No

error(d)

145. If he carries on like(a)/ this he's in danger(b)/

of lose his job.(c)/No error(d)

146. They are afraid(a)/ of gone (b)/ out alone.(c)/

No error(d)

147. Financial aid enabled(a)/ the students to paying

(b)/such expensive tuition fees.(c)/No error(d)

148. She resented his(a)/family members(b)/be

there.(c)/No error(d)

149. The guard refused to(a)/letting them(b)/ enter

the building. (c)/No error(d)

150. We intend to(a)/visit you(b)/ next spring.(c)/No

error(d)

151. She's been complaining(a)/of a bad(b)/ back

recently. (c)/No error(d)

152. He risked(a)/to be (b)/ caught.(c)/No error(d)

153. I learned to(a)/speaking Japanese(b)/ when I

was a kid.(c)/No error(d)

154. He failed to getting(a)/enough money to

pay(b)/ for the new project.(c)/No error(d)

155. He is interested(a)/ in make (b)/ friends.(c)/No

error(d)

156. Did you remember to(a)/ locking the door(b)/

when you left?(c)/No error(d)

157. We insist on cook(a)/ the dinner(b))/

ourselves.(c)/No error(d)

158. I can't afford(a)/to buying(b)/ a house.(c)/No

error(d)

159. The government(a)/ ceased to provide(b)/ free

healthcare.(c)/No error(d)

160. The doctor generally(a)/ advised drinking(b)/

low-fat milk.(c)/No error(d)

161. He can’t bear(a)/ to have so(b)/ much

responsibility.(c)/No error(d)

162. I regret to informing(a)/ you that your(b)/

application was rejected.(c)/No error(d)

ANSWERS WITH ANALYSIS

123. (c): sleep ds LFkku ij sleeping gksxkA124. (b): management ds LFkku ij managing gksxk D;ksafd125. (c): eating ds LFkku ij eat gksxk D;ksafd126. (d): No error

127. (a): informing ds LFkku ij inform gksxk D;ksafd bldsckn infinitive dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA

128. (b): look ds LFkku ij looking gksxk D;ksafd keep dsckn gerund dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA

129. (c): be ds LFkku ij being gksxk D;ksafd preposition dsckn gerund dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

130. (b): seeing ds LFkku ij see gksxk D;ksafd demand dsckn infinitive dk ç;ksx gkskr gSA

131. (b): to get ds LFkku ij getting gksxk D;ksafd delay dsckn gerund dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

132. (d): No error

133. (a): to make ds LFkku ij making gksxk D;ks afdpostponed ds ckn gerund dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

134. (b): Express ls igys ‘to’ dk ç;ksx gksxkA135. (a): to learn ds LFkku ij learning gksxk begin ds ckn

gerund dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA136. (c): meet ds LFkku ij meeting gksxk D;ksafd look

forward to ds ckn gerund dk ç;ksx gkrk gSA137. (a): left ds LFkku ij leaving gksxk D;ksafd fdlg

preposition ds ckn gerund ds ç;ksx gksrk gSA138. (b): gone ds LFkku ij going gksxk D;ksafd preposition

ds ckn gerund dk ç;ksx gkskr gSaA139. (c): bought ds LFkku ij buying gksxk D;ksafd preposition

ds ckn gerund dk ç;ksx gkskr gSaA140. (c): instead of ds ckn gerund dk ç;ksx gkskr gSA141. (b): can’t afford ds ckn infinitive dk ç;ksx gkskr gSA142. (b): at ds ckn singing dk ç;ksx gksxk D;ksafd fdlh

preposition ds ckn gerund dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA143. (c): to go ds LFkku ij going gksxk D;ksafd avoid ds ckn

23

gerund dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA144. (b): to ask ds LFkku ij asking gksxk D;ksafd resisted ds

ckn gerund dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA145. (c):lose ds LFkku ij losing gksxk D;ks afd fdlh

preposition ds ckn gerund dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA146. (c):gone ds LFkku ij going gksxk D;ks afd fdlh

preposition ds ckn gerund dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA147. (a): playing ds LFkku ij play gksxk D;ksafd enable

blds infinitive dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA148. (c): be ds LFkku ij being gksxk D;ksafd resented ds ckn

mldk object rFkk mlds ckn gerund dk ç;ksxgksrk gSA

149. (a): letting ds LFkku ij let gksxk D;ksafd refuse ds ckninfinitive dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA

150. (d): No error

151. (d): No error

152. (b): be ds LFkku ij being D;ksafd risk ds ckn gerund

dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA153. (b): speaking ds LFkku ij speak gksxk D;ksafd learn ds

ckn infinitive dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA154 (a): getting ds LFkku ij get gksxk D;ksafd fail ds ckn

infinitive dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA155. (b): make ds LFkku ij making gksxk fdlh preposition

ds ckn gerund dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA156. (b): locking ds LFkku ij lock gksxk D;ksafd remember

ds ckn infinitive dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA157. (b): cook ds LFkku ij cooking gksxk fdlh preposition

ds ckn gerund dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA158. (b): buying ds LFkku ij buy gksxk D;ksafd afford ds ckn

infinitive dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA159. (d):No error

160. (d): No error

161. (b): to have ds LFkku ij having gksxk D;ksafd can’t

bear ds ckn gerund gksrk gSA162. (a): informing ds LFkku ij to inform gksxk d;ksafd

regret ds ckn infintive dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA

PARTICIPLES

106. Participle verb dk ,d form gksrk gSA ;g çk;% vardjrk gS -ing, -d, -ed, -t, -en ;k -n ls rFkk dk;Z djrk gSverb rFkk adjective dkA nwljs “kCnksa esa ge bls verbal adjective

Hkh dgrs gSaAI cannot forget her smiling face.

Never try to get into a running train.

She was an inspiring example to us.

Everyone worhips the rising sun.

I saw a man jumping off a running train.

Whom should I show my broken heart?

Shyamali felt like a caged bird.

The police arrested a wanted criminal.

It was a planned murder.

I was delighted at your news.

Children are very interested in English.

Kinds of Participles

107. Participles eq[;r% rhu çdkj ds gksrs gSa(a) Present Participle

(b) Past Participle rFkk(c) Perfect Participle

Uses of Present Participle

Present Participle verb dk -ing form gksrk gSA Adjec-

tive ds #i esa bldk ç;ksx çk;% fuEu çdkj ls gksrk gSA(a) fdlh verb ds objective complement ds #i esaA

My wife caught me talking to my secretary.

Do not waste your time arguing with me.

They saw the thief picking the tourist’s pocket.

We watched her performing on the stage.

I caught him going through my bag.

(b) tc nks dk;Z ,d gh lkFk ?kfVr gks rFkk ,d gh O;fDr ;k oLrq}kjk fd;k tk, rks present participle dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA

Reading the newspaper, Mr. Sinha came out.

Barking at the stranger, the dog chased him.

Whistling to himself, he walked down the road.

Putting on her hat, she left the party.

Scolding the chidren, the teacher let them in.

(c) As, since rFkk because ls vkjaHk gksus okys phrases dsLFkku ij çk;% present participle dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA

Feeling bored, I bagan playing computer games.

Knowing that he was weak in English, he joined

spoken English class.

He whispered, thinking his brother was still

asleep.

Note: bl ç;ksx esa participle action dk dkj.k crkrk gSA(d) fuEu words dk ç;ksx çk;% present participle dh rjg

gksrk gSAalarming demeaning

humiliating satisfying

amusing annoying

disappointing sickening

astonishing amazing

appalling boring

mocking terrifying

surprising starting

running exciting

convincing frightening

relaxing worrying

welcoming tempting

shocking rewarding

inspiring interesting

24

Uses of Past Participle

108. Past participle has the following uses:

(a) Adjective ds #i esa past participle dk ç;ksx fdlhnoun ds igys mls qualify djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

I cannot write with my injured hand.

The police killed a wanted criminal yesterday.

Have you found your lost wallet?

The poor lady was collecting fallen leaves.

(b) Past participle dk ç;ksx verb ds predicate part dhrjg fd;k tkrk gSA

She seemed surprised at the incident.

He was left stranded by that incident.

Note: Past Participle dk ;g ç;ksx çk;% be, seem,

look, appear verbs ds ckn fd;ktkrk gSA

(c) Past Participle dk ç;ksx ,sls action ds fy, fd;k tkrkgS tks fdlh vU; dk;Z ds igys complete gks pwdk gSA

Deceived by his friends, he killed himself.

Terrified, they fled from the scene.

(d) Past participle dk ç;ksx absolute phrases esa fd;ktkrk gSA blds ,sls use esa participle ds igys çk;% fdlhnoun ;k pronoun dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

The fog having lifted the plane took off.

The train having arrived at the platform, the

passengers began getting out.

The weather having cleared, we decided to go

for swimming.

109.Past participle dh rjg ç;ksx gksus okys dqN words

agitated alarmedamused

appalled astonished

bored confused

contented delighted

depressed deprived

disgusted distressed

embarrassed excited

frightened inherited

interested pleased

preoccupied puzzled

satisfied shocked

surprised terrified

tired troubled

wanted worried

Uses of Perfect Participle

(a) Perfect Participle: Having dk ç;ksx tc past

participle ds igys fd;k tkrk gS rks mls perfect participle

dgrs gSaA ;g completed action O;Dr djrk gSAHaving done his assignment, Rohit went out

to play.

Having finished our breakfast, we took a cup

of coffee.

Having seen the film, they went to a restaurant.

Having delivered the message, he left

immediately.

(b) Participles dk ç;ksx dHkh-dHkh idioms dh rjg Hkh gksrk gSAFrankly speaking, I do not like your attitudes.

Things do not look good. But having said that,

I’m optimistic.

All being well, we will be able to meet our

target.

Talking of politics, I have no interest in it.

Dangling Participle

110. Dangling Participle: tc ;g Li’V ugha gks fd okD; esaparticiple fdl noun ;k pronoun dks qualify dj jgk gS,rks ,sls participle dks dangling partciple dgrs gSa

Being a rainy day, we decided to stay at home.

Standing at the gate, a scorpion stung the man.

Flitting from flower to flower, the girl watched

the bee.

Looking around the yard, dandelions sprouted

in every corner.

Eating like a hungry hippo, the pancakes

disappeared from my plate within seconds.

Running after the school bus, the backpack

bounced from side to side.

Remember:A dangling participle modifies an

unintended subject.

mij fn, x, okD;ksa esa bold rFkk italic esa fn;k x;k part

dangling participle gSA bu okD;ksa esa ;g Li’V ugha gks ik jgkgS fd ;g fdl noun ;k pronoun dks qualify dj jgk gSAblfy, ,sls okD;ksa ds meaning dks Li’V djus ds fy, budslkFk fdlh noun ;k pronoun dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA uhpsfn, x, lgh okD;ksa dks ns[ksaA

It being a rainy day, we decided to stay at home.

A scorpion stung the man standing at the gate

Looking around the yard, I could see that

dandelions sprouted in every corner.

Eating like a hungry hippo, I made the pancakes

disappear from my plate within seconds.

Running after the school bus, the girl felt her

backpack bounce from side to side.

Solve the following questions

163. She has never (a)/let her sons(b)/had wine.(c)/

No error(d)

164. He was sitting in(a)/ an armchair reading(b)/ a

magazine.(c)/No error(d)

165. Saw the policeman,(a)/ the robbers(b)/ ran

away.(c)/No error(d)

166. Being worked in the(a)/company for many

25

years,(b)/he knew everyone and everything.(c)/

No error(d)

167. The cup was filled with(a)/ milk stood on(b)/

the table.(c)/No error(d)

168. Having not seen each(a)/ other for ages, they

had(b)/ a lot to talk about.(c)/No error(d)

169. Not realized the implication(a)/ of his words,

he(b)/went on speaking.(c)/No error(d)

170. Born into a rich family,(a)/she got everything

(b)/she wished for.(c)/No error(d)

171. Having lost all his money(a)/in gambling, he(b)/

becomes a pauper.(c)/No error(d)

172. Being the child of poor(a)/people, he often

went(b)/to bed hunger. (c)/No error(d)

173. The sun (a)/having been risen, we set out(b)/

on our journey.(c)/No error (d)

174. He regretting (b)/ his words,(b)/he apologised.

(c)/No error(d)

175. Well doing, we are(a)/ very proud(b)/ of

you.(c)/No error(d)

176. Having parked(a)/the car, he goes went(b)/to a

restaurant.(c)/No error(d)

177. Having defeated by our army,(a)/ the enemy

forces retreated(b)/ fast into their territory(c)/

No error(d)

178. Having been watched the film(a)/ a dozen

times, she knew(b)/ the dialogues by heart.(c)/

No error(d)


163. (c): had ds LFkku ij have gksxk D;ksafd let ds ckn verb

ds basic form dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA164 (d):No error

165. (a): Saw ds LFkku ij seeing gksx D;ksafd ;g clause

main clause dks qualify dj jgk gSA166.(a): Being ds LFkku ij having gksx D;ksafd second

actiion first ds ckn gks jgk gSA167.(a): was filled ds LFkku ij ‘filled’ gksxk D;ksafd

participle clause ‘filled with water’ cup dksmodify dj jgk gSA

168.(a): Having not ds LFkku ij ‘not having’ dk ç;ksxgksx D;ksafd participle dks negative cukus ds fy,not dk ç;ksx mlds igys fd;k tkrk gSA

169. (a): realised ds LFkku ij realising gksxk D;ksafd ;gka ijpresent participle dk ç;ksx gksxkA

170. (a): No error

171. (c): becomes ds LF k ku ij became D;k s a fdparticipecluase past time dks refer dj jgk gSA

172. (c): hunger ds LFkku ij hungry gksxk D;ksafd ;g he

qualify dj jgk gSA173. (b): having been risen ds LFkku ij ‘having risen’

gkxk D;ksafd intransitive verb dk passive ughsagksrk gSA

174. (d): Delete ‘he’

175. (a): well done gksrk gSA well doing ughsa176. (b): goes ds LFkku ij went gksxk D;ksafd participle

clause past time dks refer dj jgk gSA177. (a): Having defeated ds LFkku ij ‘having been

defeated’ gksxk D;ksafd participle clause passive

voice esa gksuk pkfg,A178. (a): Having been watched’ ds LFkku ij ‘having

watched’ gksxk D;ksafd verb ds ckn ;fn direct object

dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gks rks og verb lnk active esagksrk gSA

CLAUSE111.Clause “kCnksa dk og lewg gksrk gS ftleas ,d subject rFkk,d finite verb gksrk gS rFkk og sentence form djrk gS ;kfdlh cM+s sentence dk part gksrk gSA

It is true.

You are working hard.

They come here everyday.

Labour never goes in vain.

Because it was raining.

That they would behave so rudely.

Why they were fighting with one another.

I asked my wife if she had taken everything.

You know it well that you have not pronounced

the name correctly.

Shiela said that she was too nervous to answer

any question correctly.

Kinds of Clauses

112. Clauses nks çdkj ds gksrs gS a main clause rFkksubordinate clause:

(i) Main clause og clause gS tks fdlh okD; fd rjgcomplete vFkZ nsrk gSA bls independent clause Hkhdgrs gSa D;ksafd ;g Lora= #i ls ç;qDr gks ldrk gSAI have no idea.

I have a beautiful watch.

Yesterday the police arrested a thief.

It is really true.

Many children are absent from school today.

You will have to accept it.

The actress lives in a grand house.

I told my driver.

vki ns[k ldrs gSa fd mij fn, x, lHkh “kCn lewg Lo;a esacomplete gSaA buds lkFk ge fdlh subordinate clause dk

26

ç;ksx dj ldrs gSaA113. uhps fn, x, okD;ksa dkss ns[ksa

I have no idea when she will come today.

It is really true that labour never goes in vain.

Many children were absent from school

yesterday because it was raining.

You will have to accept that no one has free time.

The actress lives in a grand house which was

designed by an American architect.

You will succeed in your career if you work hard.

I told my driver that he would have to come a

little early next day.

114. Subordinate clause: Subordinate clause dksdependent clause Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bldk vFkZ Lo;a esa iw.kZugha gksrk gSA blfy, ;g eq[; clause ij vkfJr jgrk gSA blsçk;% subordinating conjuntion ls vkjaHk fd;k tkrk gSA

I promise that I will come on time.

I doubt if they would return.

He told us that he was innocent.

I will call you only if I have any problem in it.

What you do reflects your personality.

It is you who are to blame for all this.

What I am today is all because of my parents.

You all must pay attetion to what your elders say.

I was not there when the accident happened.

mij fn, x, çR;sd okD; esa bold rFkk italic esa fn;k x;k part

subordiante clause gSaA vki ns[k ldrs gSa fd çR;sd clause

fdlh subordinating conjuntion ls vkjaHk gks jgk gSAConditional Clauses

115. Condition O;Dr djus ds fy, ge çk;% if dk ç;ksx djrsgSa rFkk tks clause if ls vkjaHk gks mls ge if clause ;kconditional clause dgrs gSaA

If you maintain discipline, you will be successful.

If you work hard, you will get success.

She gets very upset if I exclude her.

You can go if you want.

If I were rich, I would make films.

I wish if I were an actor.

He asked if I had left with you, and I said no.

Types of Conditional Clauses

116. Condtional Sentences rhu çdkj ds gksrs gSa%Type 1

(a) bl çdkj ds sentence dks probable condition dgktkrk gS D;ksafd blesa dk;Z laHko gksrk gSA ,sls clause present ;kfuture le; dks n”kkZrs gSaA

If you work hard, you will get success.

If it rains, we will not go to play.

I will come tomorrow if my leave is granted.

Note: ,sls sentences es if clause present es gksrk gS rFkkmain clause present ;k future easAbl pattern esa dHkh dHkh if ds LFkku ij when dk Hkh ç;ksx fd;k

tkrk gSAIf he works in sun, he develops allergy.

;kWhen he works in sun, he develops allergy.

If/when it rains, toads begin to croak.

When/if she gets angry, she shouts at her

children.

Note: bl pattern es present continuous ;k present

perfect dk Hkh ç;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS%If you are babbling, I am going out.

If children are annoying you, punish them.

Note: If clause es will dk ç;ksx çk;% ugh fd;k tkrk gSAfdarq ;fn conditional clause request ;k willingness

O;Dr djs rks mles will dk ç;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSAIf every member will come forward, the work

will be easily done.

If you will just take a seat, I will be with you in a

moment.

Type 2

(b) Conditional Sentence ds bl pattern es if clause

simple past tense es gksrk gS rFkk main clause dk verb

subject + would + basic form (V1) esaAIf I had money I would buy a new w for my self.

If she were not a guest, I would not tolerate her.

If I were her husband, I would never leave her

alone.

If you were not my wife’s brother, you would be

a mere soldier.

Note: Main clause es would ds LFkku ij could dk ç;ksx Hkhfd;k tk ldrk gSA

If she had finished her work on time, she could

play with her friends.

If they were not so unfriendly, we could help

them.

Type 3

(c) bl pattern es if clause past perfect es gksrk gS rFkkmain clause subject + would have + past participle

form (V 3) easAIf Annu had married Nitin, she would have

repented her whole life.

They would have missed the bus if they had been

a few minutes late.

If you had listened to my advice, you would not

have seen such time.

27

The patient would not have died if the doctor had

not been negligent.

Other Ways of Expressing Condtion

(d) Conditional clauses dks ge should, were ;k had

ls Hkh start dj ldrs gSaA ,sls okD;ksa es verb dks subject

ls igys j[kk tkrk gSAShould you irritate me, I would go.

Should he lie, I would stop talking to him.

Were you single, I would marry you.

Were she not my wife, she would be working

somewhere as a maid.

Had you taken a taxi, you would have reached

here on time.

Had she not shouted for help, she would have

been kidnapped.

Short if Clauses

(e) dHkh dHkh if clause es vk, verb dks gVkdj bls NksVkfd;k tk ldrk gSAIf you are in difficulty, ring this number.

I would like continue this research if I am

allowed.

I will see you in the evening if it is possible.

bu sentences dks ge fuEu rjhds ls fy[k ldrs gSaIf in difficulty, ring this number.

I would like to continue this research if

allowed.

I will see you in the evening if possible.

(f) If ds vfrfjDr as long as, so long as, provided,

provided that dk ç;ksx Hkh condition O;Dr djus ds fy,fd;k tkrk gSA

He can play provided that he is fit.

I will buy this dress provided the price is

affordable.

Nobody can dare touch her as long as I am here.

(g) ;fn conditional clause dk vkjaHk what if, suppose

;k supposing ls gks rks mlds ckn çk;% main clause ughgksrk gSA

WW WWWWhat if she does not come?

Suppose he is not at home?

(h) I wish dk vFkZ gksrk gS dk”k A I wish ds ckn vyxvyx çdkj ds verb dk ç;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA(i) I wish + would

I wish people would not tell lies.

I wish you would stand first in the class.

I wish she would accept my proposal.

(ii) I wish + simple past

I wish I were a bird.

I wish I made my feelings known to her.

I wish I had some more time.

I wish I had a new car.

(iii) I wish + past perfect/could have

I wish you could have reached there on time.

I wish I could have taken the test.

I wish I had not spoken those words.

I wish Lalita had invited Sanjana to her party.

Note: ;g pattern past ds ckjs es wish O;Dr djrk gSAblfy, bl pattern es would have dk ç;ksx ugh fd;k tkldrk gSA

Anamika wishes she would have finished the

assigment on time. (xyr gSA)(i) If only dk Hkh vFkZ dk”k gksrk gSA bldk ç;ksx Hkh I wish

dh rjg fd;k tk ldrk gSAIf only I would score some more marks.

If only she would reply to my letter.

If only he told me his problems.

28

Look at the following questions

1. He spoke as though(a)/ he was a (b)/born

dictator.(c)/No error(d)

2. I would be very(a)/ sad if I lose (b)/ my

mobile.(c)/No error(d)

3. You seem very happy(a)/when you help(b)/

other people.(c)/No error(d)

4. Neha took a nap before(a)/she left for her(b)/

cousin’s house.(c)/No error(d)

5. The report that only ten persons(a)/ were killed

in the(b)/ riots are not true.(c)/No error(d)

6. While you wait,(a)/ we would detail(b)/ your

car.(c)/No error(d)

7. The belief that the(a)/ soul is immortal was (b)/

almost universal.(c)/No error(d)

8. The house whose(a)/ windows are open(b)/are

beautiful.(c)/No error(d)

9. If I were you,(a)/ I would have invited all(b)/ of

them to the party. (c)/No error(d)

10. The king ordered(a)/ that the traitor shall (b)/

be put to death.(c)/No error(d)

11. I am happier(a)/than I ever(b)/ was before.(c)/

No error(d)

12. He worked for a(a)/ man who uses(b)/ to be an

accountant.(c)/No error(d)

13. If they have had (a)/ enough money, they(b)/

would buy a new car. (c)/No error(d)

ASSESS YOUR UNDERSTADING OF CLAUSES: PRACTICE SET-1

14. If you come with(a)/ me, I would do the(b)/

shopping with you.(c)/No error(d)

15. This horse is(a)/ more obstinate(b)/ than a

mule.(c)/No error(d)

16. They felt that the(a)/ bandit must put (b)/ to

death.(c)/No error(d)

17. You can keep your(a)/privileges as long as we(b)/

continue to see progress.(c)/No error(d)

18. When at last he returned(a)/to the village, the

people told him(b)/ that his mother has died.(c)/

No error(d)

19. The newspaper will tell us(a)/ tomorrow what

the(b)/ world do today.(c)/No error(d)

20. There would be less tension(a)/ between them

if they can (b)/ just see eye to eye.(c)/No error(d)

21. He was wearing a(a)/ cap which(b)/ is black.(c)/

No error(d)

22. I would be very(a)/ sad if I lose (b)/ my

mobile.(c)/No error(d)

23. These are the few(a)/ books that are produced

(b)/by the student.(c)/No error(d)

24. What you are today(a)/ was all due(b)/ to your

parents.(c)/No error(d)

25. While eating,(a)/ I choked on(b)/ a bone.(c)/No

error(d)

26. I don’t know(a)/ where has he (b)/ gone.(c)/No

error(d)

27. As the lions approaches(a)/the carcass, the

jackal(b)/ retreated once again.(c)/No error(d)

28. When the world is (a)/ young, artists drew

their(b)/ pictures on stone.(c)/No error(d)

29. Since she is only just around(a)/ the corner, I

decided to walk(b)/ to the store instead of

driving.(c)/No error(d)

30. The woman took(a)/notes while be (b)/ taught

to cook.(c)/No error(d)

31. I could not tolerate(a)/ what he said because

it(b)/ is quite insulting.(c)/No error(d)

32. Some of these players(a)/field baseballs

better(b)/ than they hitted.(c)/No error(d)

1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (b)

7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (b) 11. (d) 12. (b)

13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (d) 16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (c)

19. (b) 20. (b) 21. (c) 22. (b) 23. (b) 24. (b)

25. (d) 26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (a) 29. (a) 30. (b)

31. (c) 32. (c)

1. as though ds ckn ‘were’ dk ç;ksx ds;k tkrk gSA2. lose ds LFkku ij lost gksxk D;ksafd main clause past

tense esa gSA4. took taken tc past esa nks actions ,d ,d ckn ,d gksa

rks first action ds fy, past perfect rFkk second ds fy,simple past dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

5. are ds LFkku ij is dk ç;ksx D;ksafd bldk subject report

singular gSA6. would ds LFkku ij will dk ç;ksx gksx kD;ksafd dependent

clause past time dks refer dj jgk gSA7. was ds LFkku ij is gksxk D;ksafd ;g universal truth gSA

Note: mian clause ;fn past tense rFkk subordinate

clause ;fn universal truth express jgk gks rkssubordinate clause present esa gksrk gSA

8. are ds LFkku ij is gksx D;ksafd bldk subject house

singular gSA9. would have invited ds LFkku ij would invite gksxk

D;ksafd ;fn conditional clause if + subject + were

gks rks main clause would + basicform of the verb

gksrk gSA

10. shall ds LFkku ij would gksx D;ksafd main clause past

tense esa gSA12. works ds LFkku ij worked gksxk D;ksafd main clause

past tense esa gSA13. delete ‘have’

14. would ds LFkku ij will gksxk D;ksafd ;g future time dkrefer dj jgk gSA

16. must put ds LFkku ij must be put gksxk D;ksafd verb

passive voice esa gksuk pkfg,A18. has died ds LFkku ij had died gksxk D;ksafd main clause

past tense esa gSA19. do ds LFkku ij does gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject ‘the

world’ singular’gSA20. can ds LFkku ij could gksxk D;ksafd main clause past esa gSA21. is ds LFkku ij was gksxk D;ksafd main clause past esa gSA22. lose ds LFkku ij lost gksxk D;ksafd main clause tense esa gSA23. are produced ds LFkku ij were produced gksxk D;ksafd

action ;gk¡¡ past time dks refer dj jgk gSA


29

24. was ds LFkku ij is gksxk D;ksafd today present time

denote dj jgk gSA25.

26. has dk ç;ksx he ds ckn gksxk D;ksafd subordinate clause

esa verb subject ds ckn j[kk tkrk gSA27. approaches ds LFkku ij approached gksxk D;ksafd main

clause past tense esa gSA28. is ds LFkku ij was gksxk D;ksafd ;g ml le; dks refer dj

jgk gS tc world young FkkA

29. is ds LFkku ij was gksxk D;ksafd main clause time refer

dj jgk gSA30. be ds LFkku ij being gksxk D;ksafd while ;gk¡¡ preposition

dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA31. is ds LFkku ij was gksxk D;ksafd main clause past time

dks refer dj jgk gSA32. hitted ds LFkku ij hit gksxk D;ksad bldk past participle

form ‘hit’ gksrk gS hitted ughaA

Look at the following question1. The nursery are bright(a)/and cheerful, with(b)/

plenty of toys.(c)/No error(d)

2. Both had been successful(a)/careers and the(b)/

future looked bright.(c)/No error(d)

3. She had develop(a)/quite an affection(b)/ for the

place.(c)/No error(d)

4. I have a particular(a)/responsibility to ensuring

I(b)/ make the right decision.(c)/No error(d)

5. Being unemployed produces(a)/ negative

attitudes(b)/ to work. (c)/No error(d)

6. This will negatively effect(a)/ the result over

the(b)/ first half of the year.(c)/No error(d)

7. The student whose father(a)/was sick did not

come(b)/to school today.(c)/No error(d)

8. We are aware of the(a)/potential problems and

(b)/has taken every precaution.(c)/No error(d)

9. In some cases a problem(a)/child placed in a(b)/

special school. (c)/No error(d)

10. The company has been poured(a)/around $30

million(b)/into the scheme in a couple of

years.(c)/No error(d)

11. The satellite had been(a)/inactive since its

launch(b)/ two years ago.(c)/No error (d)

12. The girls were afraid of(a)/snakes and pick their

way(b)/along with extreme caution.(c)/No

error(d)

13. The exact number of(a)/ protest calls have

not(b)/ been revealed.(c)/No error(d)

14. I have a particular responsibility(a)/to ensure I

make(b)/the right decision.(c)/No error(d)

15. Many patients are not getting(a)/the medical

treatment(b)/they needed. (c)/No error(d)

16. He expects me to stay(a)/on here and I can(b)

hardly refused.(c)/No error(d)

17. They would rather(a)/wait for the results(b)/than

taking any further intiative.(c)/No error(d)

18. He held the opinion that(a)/ the government will

think(b)/before introducing a tax.(c)/No error(d)

19. To hiring a car you must(a)/ produce a passport

and a(b)/ current driving licence.(c)/No error(d)

20. Do not hesitate to laugh(a)/at anything you(b)/

find to amuse.(c)/No error(d)

21. Don’t worry, your(a)/ luggage will come on(b)/

afterwards by taxi.(c)/No error(d)

22. Interest-rate cuts have(a)/fail to bring about(b)/

economic recovery.(c)/No error(d)

23. He develops a wide(a)/range of sporting

interests(b)/as a pupil at Millfield.(c)/No error(d)

24. We want to encourage(a)/people to go fish,(b)/

not put them off.(c)/No error(d)

25. He wants to transfer some(a)/ money to the

account(b)/ of his daughter.(c)/No error(d)

26. Removed the wafers with(b)/ a spoon and

30

HOW TO KNOW QUESTIONS BASED ON VERBS BEFORE EXAMS

VERB

(agreement, tense, voice, question tag, finite clause) (infinitive, gerund, participles)finite non-finite

Note: fdlh Hkh exam esa vkus okys verb ij based vf/kdka”k questions dks vki bu points dks /;ku esa j[kdj guess

dj ldrs gSA blds lkFk vki uhps fn, structure dks ;kn j[ksaA3. (adj) + S (= N/P) + (adj) + (aux. verb) + Main verb x + (adj) + obj./com. (= N/P+ (adj)/ adj. + prep +

(adj) + obj. of Prep (= N/P+ (adj

transfer(b)/them to a plate.(c)/No error(d)

27. Hina, my cousin go(a)/seailing every(b)/

Sunday.(c)/No error(d)

28. Unfortunately I was sitting at(a)/ the table with

smokers(b)/ on either side of me.(c)/No error(d)

29. Neither my father nor my uncles(a)/was ready

to live(b)/ with my grandparents.(c)/No error(d)

30.They have two reports,(a)/ but neither of them

has(b)/useful suggestions.(c)/No error(d)

31. Hemant together with(a)/some of his friends

was(b)/ present in the party.(c)/No error(d)

32.Together with the Sinhas,(a)/ there was twenty

of us in the(b)/ farmhouse at that time.(c)/No

error(d)

33. Not only does he turn up(a)/late, he also

forget(b)/ his books. (c)/No error(d)

34. Running after butter(a)/butterflies were a

great(b)/ fun at that time.(c)/No error(d)

35. Either my shoes or(a)/ your coat is always(b)/

on the floor.(c)/No error(d)

36. The number of entries we(a)/ have received this

year(b)/ is more than that of last year’s.(c)/No

error(d)

37. More than sixty percent(a)/of the town is still

held(b)/ by the rebels.(c)/No error(d)

38.A large number of journalists(a)/has gone there

to(b)/ cover the event.(c)/No error(d)

39.The majority of doctors(a)/is against the new(b)/

health policy.(c)/No error(d)

40. More than three(a))/quarters of this(b)/apple

are rotten.(c)/No error(d)

41. Nothing has changed(a)/in this house(b)/since I

had left.(c)/No error(d)

42.Through the forest and(a)/dense trees are the(b)/

shortest route.(c)/No error(d)

43. Not only does he make(a)/ people laugh, he

makes(b)/ them cry as well.(c)/No error(d)

44. A lot of girls have complained(a)/against the

principal but no action(b)/ has been taking

against him so far.(c)/No error(d)

45. What days are convenient(a)/ for you and(b)/

your family?(c)/No error(d)

46.The players, as well as(a)/ the captain desperately

wants(b)/ to win this match.(c)/No error(d)

47. The goods were found to be(a)/defective and

therefore(b)/ they are returning.(c)/No error(d)

48. A pair of his trousers was(a)/ hung from a nail(b)/

hammered at the back.(c)/No error(d)

49.The new comdey series(a)/ is been a big flop(b)/

with the viewers.(c)/No error(d)

50. The people who(a)/ were in the bank(b)/ were

very frightening. (c)/No error(d)

ANSWWER1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (d)

6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (a)

11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (c)

16. (c) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (c)

21. (d) 22. (b) 23. (a) 24. (b) 25. (d)

26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (d) 29. (b) 30. (b)

31. (d) 32. (b) 33. (b) 34. (b) 35. (d)

36. (c) 37. (d) 38. (b) 39. (b) 40. (c)

41. (c) 42. (b) 43 (d) 44. (c) 45 (d)

46. (b) 47. (c) 48 (d) 49. (b) 50. (c)

ANSWWER WITH ANALYSIS

1. are ds LFkku ij gksxk is D;ks afd bldk subject

‘nursery’singular gSA2. had been ds LFkku ij had gksxk D;ksafd verb active esa

gksuk pkfg,A3. develop ds LFkku ij developed gksxk D;ksafd had ds ckn

past participle dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA4. (b):ensuring ds LFkku ij ensure gksxk D;ksafd ‘to’ ;gk¡

infinitive marker dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA6. effect ds LFkku ij affect gksxk D;ksafd ‘effect’ noun gS

rFkk ‘affect’ verb vkSj D;ksafd blds igys will dk ç;ksxgqvk gS blfy, verb form dk use gksxkA

7. did ds LFkku ij has gksxk D;ksafd ml clause esa today

dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA8. has ds LFkku ij have gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject ‘we’

plural gSA9. placed ds LFkku ij is placed gksxk D;ksafd verb passive

voice esa gksuk pkfg,A10. has been poured ds LFkku ij has poured gksxk D;ksafd

verb passive esa gksxkAtrick: ;fn fdlh verb ds ckn mlds direct object dkç;ksx fd;k x;k gks rks verb lnk active esa gksrk gSAd

12. pick ds LFkku ij picked gksxk D;ksafd first clause past

esa gSA13. have ds LFkku ij has gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject ‘the

exact number’ singular gSAtrick: the number + singular verb; a small/big/

large number + plural verb

14. needed ds LFkku ij need gksxk D;ksafd first clause

present time dks refer dj jgk gSA15. refused ds LFkku refuse gksxk D;ksafd can ds ckn verb ds

31

basic form dk use gksrk gSAtrick: a modal verb + basic form of the verb

16. taking ds LFkku ij take gksxkA trick: would rather

...than + basic form of the verb

17. will think ds LFkku ij would think gksxk D;ksafd main

clause past tense esa gSA18. to hiring ds LFkku ij to hire gksxkA19. to amuse ds LFkku ij amusing gksxk D;ksafd ;g partciple

dk;Z dj jgk gSA20. fail ds LFkku ij failed gksxk D;ksafd have ds ckn verb ds

past participle form dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA21. develops ds LFkku ij developed gksxk D;ksafd sen-

tence esa ‘as a pupil’ past time denote dj jgk gSA22. fish ds LFkku ij fishing gksxk D;ksafd to go ds ckn

gerund dk ç;ksx gksxkA23. removed ds LFkku ij remove gksxk D;ksafd okD; tc

main verb ls vkjaHk gksrk gS rks verb ds basic form dkç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

24. go ds LFkku ij goes gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject ‘Hina’

singular gSA25. was ds LFkku ij were gksxk D;ksafd nor ds ckn plural

noun dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA26. has ds LFkku ij have gksxk D;ksafd either/neither of ds

ckn vkus okyk verb ges”kk singular gksrk gSA27. (b): was ds LFkku ij were gksxk D;ksafd mldk subject

‘twenty of us’ plural gSA

28. forget ds LFkku ij forgets gksxkA29. were ds LFkku ij was gksxk D;ksafd bl verb dk subject

‘running’ singular gSANote: tc ‘gerund’ subject dk dk;Z djrk gS rks og singular

gksrk gS blfy, mlds ckn vkus okyk verb Hkh singular gksrk gSA30. is ds LFkku ij are gksxkA 13 dk explanation ns[ksaA31. has ds LFkku ij have gksxkA 13 dk explanation ns[ksaA32. is ds LFkku ij are gksxkA trick: the mojority of +

plural noun + plural verb

33. are ds LFkku ij is gksxkA trick: two qaurters/three

quarters + uncountable noun+ singular verb

34. had left ds LFkku ij left gksxk D;ksafd since tc time

denote djrk gS rks mlds ckn simple past tense dkç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

35. are ds LFkku ij is gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject ‘the

shortest route’ singular gSA36. has been taking ds LFkku ij has been taken gksxk

D;ksafd verb passive voice esa gksuk pkfg,A37. wants ds LFkku ij want gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject

‘players’ plural gSA38. are returning ds LFkku ij are returning gksxk D;ksafd

verb passive esa gksuk pkfg,A39. ds LFkku ij gksxk D;ksafd40. is been ds LFkku ij has been gksxkA41. were very frightening ds LFkku ij were very

frighteneed gksxk D;ksafd D;ksafd verb passive esa gksuk

pkfg,A

PRACTICE SET-2: BASED ON VERBS

1. He was opposing to(a)/the development of(b)/

nuclear weapons.(c)/No error(d)

2. I don’t like the(a)/ table that stand(b)/ in the

kitchen.(c)/No error(d)

3. This is the bank(a)/which has been (b)/robbed

yesterday.(c)/No error(d)

4. He didn’t wait at(a)/the traffic lights(b)/ which

were red.(c)/No error(d)

5. He wore a mask which(a)/ made him look(b)/

like Mickey Mouse.(c)/No error(d)

6. The company’s(a)/ headquarters was(b)/ easy to

find.(c)/No error(d)

7. The class does not(a)/ understand what the(b)/

teacher is saying.(c)/No error(d)

8. The women who gave(a)/ him the money are

the(b)/ members of an NGO.(c)/No error(d)

9. The bags which contained(a)/the money was

not(b)/ yellow but black. (c)/No error(d)

10. The crows which has(a)/gathered here are in(b)/

cheerful mood.(c)/No error(d)

11. The girl whose(a)/pen you borrowed(b)/need

it.(c)/No error(d)

12. All this had an(a)/ extremely negative affect

on(b)/ the criminal justice system.(c)/No error(d)

13. I have no idea(a)/when exactly did(b) the

accident happen.(c)/ No error (d)

14. He was so popular among(a)/ the local people

that the whole (b)/city has wept over his

death.(c)/No error (d)

15. We are searching(a)/for a new house on rent(b)/

because our lease on the present one expired

next month.(c)/ No error (d)

16. Thousands of unemploy(a)/youth are marching to

the prime minister office(b)/ in procession to put

their demands before the prime minister.(c) No

error (d)

17. She will be remembering(a)/ for the great deeds

she (b)/she has done during her tenure.(c)/ No

32

error(d)

18. He was arresting(a)/for inciting hatred and(b)/

rebellion among the innocent youth.(c)/ No

error(d)

19. Niharika and I (a)/ are working on an important

(b)/ assignment all day. (c)/ No error (d)

20. They call you(a)/when they have made(b)/ all the

arragments.(c)/ No error (d)

21. The teacher explained(a)/ the formula but(b)/

none of us understand.(c)/ No error (d)/

22. I can still remember(a)/my grandmother said her

(b)/prayer in a singsong every morning. (c)/No

error(d)

23. Just after one day of her joining(a)/ the job she

makes (b)/an enemy/ of her manager.(c)/ No

error (d)

24. When you start enjoying someone’s

comapany(a)/ you should know that(b)/ you are

liking that person. (c)/ No error (d)

25. It would be better for (a)/you to talking to

your(b)/ parents about that issue. (c)/ No

error (d)

26. This inn is as good (a)/ a place as any to spending(b)/

our night peacefully. (c)/ No error (d)

27. Many a great man do not receive(a)/much formal

schooling,(b)/yet they /became widely famous.

(c)/ No error (d)

28. My neighbour, a peevish and (a)/bad-tempered

person, (b)/always do thingsthat irritate others.

(c)/ No error (d)

29. When we were in Switzerland(a)/ we have a

perfectly divine life,(b)/free from any family

tension. (c)/ No error (d)

30. I have no ambitions other than (a)/to having a

garden full of (b)/colourful and exotic flowers.

(c)/ No error (d)

31. One day my wife and I(a)/ left home for a morning

walk but we(b)/soon return home to avoid a

possible fight on the road.(c)/ No error (d)

32. Being afraid of ghost my daughter(a)/cling to her

mother and(b) began shivering with fear. (c)/ No

error (d)

33. When Harish asked(a)/his sister if she had kept

him something tasty(b)/to eat she given him a

plate of kurkure. (c)/ No error (d)

34. When Ali was talking to his neighbour’s (a)/

daughter, Zarina,(b)/ her mother suddenly

appeared before them as if by magic. (c)/ No

error (d)

35. I am usually welcoming my morning with a (a)/

cup of hot tea in one hand, (b)/and that day’s

newspaper in another. (c)/ No error (d)

36. If you will sell your share in the(a)/company now,

you're handing the ownership(b)/to him on a

silver platter. (c)/ No error (d)

37. When we heard the sound(a)/of a desparate

struggle in the next(b)/room, we ran to see if

anyone’s life is in danger. (c)/ No error (d)

38. Let me let you to know(a)/that I do not agree

with you but I have the(b)/greatest respect for

your ideas. (c)/ No error (d)

39. In twenty years of(a)/ marriage he has only(b)/

took two proper vacations.(c)/No error (d)

40. I don’t think(a)/the two senior partners knew

(b)/anything about it.(c)/No error (d)

41. We improved (a)/our customer(b)/satisfaction

levels over the past few years.(c)/No error (d)

42. People must be(a)/satisfying that the(b)/

treatment is safe.(c)/No error (d)

43. She convinced(a)/that her mother(b)/ had been

innocent.(c)/No error (d)

44. There need to be(a)/ a properly informed(b)/

public debate.(c)/No error (d)

45. We were very concerned(a)/to keep the staff

informed(b)/about what we were done.(c)/No

error (d)

46. The Prime Minister (a)/occupied with

important(b)/matters of state.(c)/No error (d)

47. The salesman had been(a)/accompanying to

the(b)/ meeting by an assistant.(c)/No error (d)

48. I wish(a)/I was a price(b)/of some rich

country.(c)/No error (d)

49. This was a straight(a)/conflict of directly(b)/

oppose aims.(c)/No error (d)

50. If you been aware(a)/that tragic incident(b)/

would not happen.(c)No error (d)

ANSWER

1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (d)

6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (a)

11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (c)

16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (a)

21. (c) 22. (b) 23. (b) 24. (c) 25. (b)

26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (c) 29. (b) 30. (b)

31. (c) 32. (b) 33. (c) 34. (d) 35. (a)

36. (a) 37. (c) 38. (a) 39. (c) 40. (d)

41. (a) 42. (b) 43 (a) 44. (a) 45 (c)

46. (b) 47. (b) 48 (b) 49. (c) 50. (c)

33

1. was opposing ds LFkku ij was opposed gksxk D;ksafdverb passive esa gksuk pkfg,A

2. stand ds LFkku ij stands gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject

‘table’ singular gSA3. has been ds LFkku ij was gksxk D;ksafd verb passive

voice esa gksuk pkfg,A4. was ds LFkku ij were gksxk D;ksafd which dk aantecedent

‘lights’ plural gSA/;ku nsa: ;fn relative pronoun dk antecedent singular

gks rks og singular gksrk gS rFkk plural gks rks og plural

gksrk gSA6. was ds LFkku ij were gksxk D;ksafd headwquartes plural

gksrk gSA9. was ds LFkku ij were gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject ‘bags’

plural gSA10. has ds LFkku ij have gksxk D;ksafd which dk antecedent

‘cows’ plural gSA11. need ds LFkku ij needs gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject

‘girl’ singular gSA12. affect ds LFkku ij effect gksxkA13. happen ds LFkku ij happened gksxk D;ksafd dk;Z past

esa lekIr gks pwdk gSA14. has wept ds LFkku ij wept gksxk D;ksafd main clause

past tense esa gSA15. expired ds LFkku ij will expire gksxk D;ksafd next month

future time crk jgk gSAtrick: a verb changes according to the time

denoting word given in the clause

16. unemploy ds LFkku ij unemployed gksxk D;ksafd ;gpast participle dkj dk;Z dj jgk gSA

17. will be remembering ds LFkku ij will be remembered

gksxk D;ksafd verb passive voice esa gksuk pkfg,A18. was arresting ds LFkku ij was arrested gksxk D;ksafd

verb passive voice esa gksuk pkfg,A19. are working ds LFkku ij have been working gksxk

D;ksafd ‘all day’ perid of time denote dj jgk gSA20. call you ds LFkku ij will call you gksxk D;ks afd

subordinate cluae future time dks refer dj jgk gSA21. understand ds LFkku ij understood gksxk D;ksafd main

clause past tense es gSaA22. said ds LFkku ij saying gksxk D;ksafd remember ds ckn

gerund dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA 23.makes ds LFkku ij made gksxk D;ksafd okD; esa past denote

djus ‘just after one day’ dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA24. are liking ds LFkku ij are liked gksxk D;ksafd

bl verb dk ç;ksx continuous tense ugha gksrk gSA25. talking ds LFkku ij to talk gksxk D;ksafd ;gk¡ ij ‘to’

infinitive marker dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA

26. to spending ds LFkku ij to spend gksxk D;ksafd ;gk¡ ij‘to’ infinitive marker dk dk;Z dj jgkl gSA

27. do ds LFkku ij does gksxk D;ksafd many a ds ckn vkusokyk verb singular gksrk gSA

28. do ds LFkku ij does gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject my

neighbour singular gSA29. have ds LFkku ij had gksxk D;ksafd bldk subordinate

clause when we were in Switerzerlanad past time

dks refer dj jgk gSA30. having ds LFkku ij have gksxk D;ksafd than ds igys

verb ds ftl form dk ç;ksx gksrk gS mlds ckn Hkh mlhform dk use gksuk pkfg,A

31. return ds LFkku ij returned gksxk D;ksafd mlds igysokyk cluase past tense esa gSA

32. cling ds LFkku ij clung gksxk D;ksafd participle clause

past time dks refer dj jgk gSA33. given ds LFkku ij given gksxk D;ksafd tc main verb ds igys

fdlh auxiliary verb dk ç;ksx ugha fd;k x;k gks rks verb ;krks simple present ;k simple past tense esa gksrk gSA

35. am usually welcoming ds LFkku ij usually welcome

gksxk D;ksafd usually ds lkFk simple present tense dkç;sx gksrk gSA

36. will sell ds LFkku ij sell gksxk D;ksafd conditional

clause esa will ;k shall dk ç;ksx ughsa gksrk gSA37. is ds LFkku ij was gksxk D;ksafd main clause past tense esa gSA38. to know ds LFkku ij know gksxk D;ksafd let ds ckn bare

infitive dk ç;ksx gksrk gZSA39. took ds LFkku ij taken gksxk D;ksafd has ds ckn past

participle form dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA41. improved ds LFkku ij has improved gksxk D;ksafd over

the past few dk ç;ksx present perfect tense ds lkFkgksrk gSA

42. satisfying ds LFkku ij satisfied gksxk D;ksafd verb

passive voice esa gksuk pkfg,A43. convinced ds LFkku ij was convinced gksxk D;ksafd

verb passive voice esa gksuk pkfg,A44. need ds LFkku ij needs gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject

debate singular gSA45. were done ds LFkku ij were doing gksxk D;ksafd verb

active voice esa gksuk pkfg,A46. occupied ds LFkku ij was occupied gksxk D;ksafd verb

passive voice esa gksuk pkfg,A47. accompanying ds LFkku ij accompanied gksxk D;ksafd

verb passive voice esa gksuk pkfg,A48. was ds LFkku ij were gksxk D;ksafd I wish ds ckn were

dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA49. oppose ds LFkku ij opposed gksxk D;ksafd ;g past

partciple dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA50 would not happen ds LFkku ij would not have

happened gksxk D;ksafd conditional clause tc pastperfect esa gks rks main clause would have + V3 esa gksrk gSA


34

ADVERBS109.Adverb og “kCn gS tks fdlh verb, adjective, adverb

rFkk fdlh clause dks qualify djrk gSASome actors always arrive early.

You must drive carefully on this road.

They go everywhere together.

No doubt it is terribly hot today.

Mrs. Kher is a highly intelligent woman.

INVERSION OF THE VERB

117. Inversion dk vFkZ gksrk gS verb dks subject ls igys j[kukAbldk ç;ksx fuEu cases esa fd;k tkrk gSA(a) Negative adverbs ds cknA

Under no circumstances can we accept your

proposal.

In no way can he be held guilty.

At no time did she say she would resign.

Not until I heard my name did I believe I had won

the race.

(b) Place, time ;k direction crkus okys adverbial

expressions ds cknARound the corner came the postman.

On the doorstep was a bunch of flowers.

In the corner lay a lamp.

Under that tree sleeps only Larry.

Into the room came two students.

Out of the tree fell the squirrel.

After the speeches came the toasts.

Under her bed was found the murder

weapon.

(c) ;fn fdlh okD; dk vkjaHk never, never before, rarely,

seldome, barely, hardly, scarcely...when, no

sooner...than ls gks rks verb dk inversion gksrk gSASeldom have I seen such a beautiful view.

Rarely did he pay anyone a compliment.

Never had I felt so happy.

Little did he imagine how dangerous it would be.

Hardly had I begun to speak when I was

interrupted.

Scarcely had we started our meal when the

phone rang.

No sooner had I arrived than they all started to

argue.

(d) Only’ rFkk ‘not only’ ls vkjaHk gksus okys sentences esaAOnly after the meeting did I realize the

importance of the subject.

Only when the plane landed safely did he calm

down.

Not only was the car slow, it was also very

uncomfortable.

(e) Conditional clauses esa inversion dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSAHad you infomed me, I would have sent my car

for you.

Should you annoy me, I would go.

Should he lie, I would stop talking to him.

Were you single, I would marry you.

Were she not my wife, she would be working

somewhere as a maid.

Had you taken a taxi, you would have reached

here on time.

Had she not shouted for help, she would have

been kidnapped.

(f) Here rFkk there ls vkjaHk gksus okys okD;ksa esaAHere comes the winner!

There goes the bus!

uses of some important adverbs

118. fuEufyf[kr adverbs ds ç;ksx dks /;ku ls ns[ksa(a) Too, also rFkk as well as ds fofHkUu uses dks /;ku ls

ns[ksaAHe is too weak to walk.

This news is too good to be true.

You are far too young to understand such things.

Those jeans are too tight for her.

She's a photographer and also writes books.

I'm cold, and I'm also hungry and tired.

She was not only intelligent but also musical.

Are you coming as well?

Have your parents come, as well?

(b) As, when ;k while dk vFkZ gksrk gS ‘fdlh dk;Z ;k ?kVukds nkSjku ‘during the time that’

While I was sleeping, someone knocked the door.

There are times when I wonder why I do this job.

(c) As, because, seeing that/as since dk ç;ksx fdlhclause ds vkjaHk esa dkj.k crkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

As it was raining, I took an umbrella.

Since he was not at home, I gave the message to

his father.

Seeing that you were busy, we returned home.

Since her children had abandoned her, she was

living alone.

(d) For, in that, inasmuch as dk ç;ksx Hkh dkj.k crkus dsfy, fd;k tkrk gSAWe must leave, for the journey is long.

He was a very unusual musician in asmuch as he

was totally deaf.

(e) Because of, due to, owning to. as a result of, on

account of dk ç;ksx dkj.k crkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSAHe did not take part in the race due to a leg injury.

35

Profits have declined as a result of the recent

drop in sales.

He doesn't drink alcohol on account of his health.

Note: Because/because of : Because nks cluase dkstksM+rk gS because of ds ckn noun dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSAMany children did not go to school because it

was raining heavily.

Many children did not go to school yesterday

because of heavy rain.

(f) In order rFkk so as ds ckn to infinitive dk ç;ksx (purpose)

mns”; crkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSAMany students take this course in order to get a

better job.

(g) Even though rFkk even if dk vFkZ gksrk gS despite the

fact that’ (bl rF; ds ckotwn dh)AEven though we played well, we lost the match.

(h) In spite of rFkk despite dk Hkh vFkZ gksrk gS ‘ds ckotwn’AIn spite of playing with ten men, we won easily.

I still enjoyed the week despite the weather.

My voice was shaking despite all my efforts to

control it.

(i) ;fn fdlh okD; dk vkjaHk never, never before, rarely,

seldome, barely, hardly, scarcely...when, no

sooner...than ls gks rks verb dk inversion gksrk gSA vFkkZrverb dks subject ds igys j[kk tkrk gSA

Hardly had I started speaking than someone

interrupted me.

(j) So + adjective ds ckn Hkh inversion gksrk gSASo successful was his business that, he became a

rich.

(k) Especially rFkk specially nksuks cus gSa adjective

‘special’ lsA British English esa nksuks dk ç;ksx ,d gh çdkjls fd;k tkrk gS rFkk buds chp dk varj cgqr gh de gksrk gSA

I bought this specially/specially for you.

It is especially/specially important for you to

remember this.

Note: nksuks esa vraj ;g gS dh especially dk vFkZ gksrk gS‘fo”ks’k #i ls ;k eq[; #i ls’ rFkk bldk ç;ksx okD; ds vkjaHkesa ugha gksrk gSA Specially dk vFkZ gksrk gS fdlh fo”ks’k mns”; ;kç;kstu ds fy,A bldk ç;ksx fdlh participle ds igys fd;ktkrk gSA

She loves all sports, especailly tennis.

I chose this especially for your new house.

She has clothes specially made in Paris.

This course is specially designed for children.

I came here specially to see you.

(l) Rather dk vFkZ gksrk gS dkQh ;k cgqr gn rd (fairly or to

some degree) bldk ç;ksx negative fopkj O;Dr djus ds

fy, fd;k tkrk gS, fo”ks’kdj criticism, disappointment rFkksurpriseA

That's rather a difficult book.

These instructions are rather complicated.

She answered the telephone rather sleepily.

It was rather a difficult question.

Am I talking rather too much?

I rather doubt I'll be able to come to your party

(m) Rather than dk vFkZ gS ds ctk; (instead of somebody

or something)AI think I will have a cold drink rather than coffee.

I would stay at home this evening rather go out.

He'd rather die than take bribe.

119. Writers usually give questions on the following

areas of adverbs

• No sooner had/did....than

• hardly rFkk hard ijA• hardly = yxHkx ughsa almost not

• hard = cgqr “kkjhfjd ;k ekufld ç;kl ds lkFk :with

• a lot of physical or mental effort

• until rFkk unless ijA• until ml le; rd fd up to the time that

• unless = vxj ;k flok; except if

• because rFkk because of ijA• because of rFkk due to, owing to ijA• so as to rFkk in order to ijA• in order that rFkk so that ijA• in spite of rFkk despite that ijA• the sooner...the better ijAlook at the following questions

1. Even though he left(a)/school at 16, he still

managed to(b)/become prime minister.(c)/No

error (d)

2. It was a magnificent(a)/beautiful(b)/

performance. (c)/No error (d)

3. Enemy troops were(a)/even then

approaching(b)/ the city.(c)/No error (d)

4. When you are a parent,(a)/ you will think

different(b)/about children.(c)/No error (d)

5. On account to rain(a)/the match was(b)/

postponed(c)/No error (d)

6. I would soon(a)/resign than get transferred(b)/

to Toronto.(c)/No error (d)

7. Only he ate a(a)/ bit of bread and(b)/ left the

party.(c)/No error (d)

8. I felt enough safe to(a)/ go out at night(b)/ on

my own.(c)/No error (d)

9. You must send(a)/payments(b)/regularly.(c)/No

36

error(d)

10. He hardly(a)/or never participate in(b)/in any

cycle race after that accident.(c)No error(d)

11. Andrea knows(a)/the material(b)/ very good.(c)/

No error (d)

12. The small girl(a)/eager licked her(b)/ ice cream

cone.(c)/No error (d)

13. Not long before he(a)/ came across a rattle

snake(b)/ outside his house.(c)/No error (d)

14. He held the(a)/ office unless(b)/ his death.(c)/

No error (d)

15. I find this(a)/ novel very(b)/ interesting.(c)/No

error (d)

16. The game had hard(a)/ begun before it(b)/

started to rain(c)/No error (d)

17. It's very difficult(a)/ for me(b)/ to explain(c)/No

error (d)

18. She does not read articles(a)/about her, unless

they are not(b)/sent to her by her publishers.(c)/

No error (d)

19. Everyone will(a)/sooner know(b)/the truth.(c)/

No error (d)

20. No sooner the(a)/ thief see the policemen(b)/

than he ran away.(c)/No error (d)

21. He had to(a)/withdraw due to(b)/a knee

injury.(c)/No error (d)

22. He went(a)/five minutes(b)/before.(c)/No error (d)

23. He remains a(a)/great leader despite of(b)/ age

and infirmity.(c)/No error (d)

24. The programme became(a)/successful because

of everyone(b)/ perfomed well enough.(c)/No

error (d)

25. The delay was(a)/due to a lack(b)/of scaffolding.

(c)/No error (d)


1. (d): No error

2. (a): magnificent ds LFkku ij magnificently gksxk D;ksafd;g adjective beautiful dks qaulify dj jgk gSA

3. (b): even when ds LFkku ij even then gksxkA4. (b): different ds LFkku ij differently gksxk D;ksafd ;g

verb dthink dks qaulify dj jgk gSA5. (a): on account to ds LFkku ij on account of gksxk6. (a): soon ds LFkku ij sooner gksxk D;ksafd okD; esa nks

le; dschp rqyuk fd;k tk jgk gSA7. (a): only dk ç;ksx he ds ckn gksxkA8. (a): enough dk ç;ksx safe ds igys gksxk D;ksafd tc ;g

adverb dk dk;Z djrk gS rks ml word ls igys j[kk

tkrk gS ftldks ;g qualify djrk gSA9. (c): regular ds LFkku ij regularly gksxk D;ksafd ;gsend

qualify dj jgk gSA10. (d): No error

11. (c): good ds LFkku ij well gksxk D;ksafd good ;g qualify

dj jgk gSA12. (b): eager ds LFkku ij eagerly gksxk D;ksafd verb licked

dks qualify dj jgk gSA13. (a): not long ago gksrk gS before ughaA14. (b): unless ds LFkku ij until gksxkA15. (d): No error

16. (a): hard ds LFkku ij hardly gksxkA17. (a): very ds LFkku ij too gksxk D;ksafd blds lkFk infini-

tive dk ç;ksxfd;k tkrkgS very ds lkFk ughaA18. (b): delete ‘not’ D;ksafd unless ds LkkFk fdlh vU; nega-

tive word dk ç;ksx ughsa gksrk gSA19. (c): sooner ds LFkku ij soon gksxkA20. (a): sooner d ckn did dk ç;ksx gksxk D;ksafd tc okD;

no sooner ls vkjaHk rks verb dk inversion gksrk gSA21. (d): No error

22. (c): before ds LFkku ij ago gksxkA23. (b): delete ‘of’

24. (b): because of ds LFkku ij because gksxk D;ksafd be-

cause of ds ckn noun dk ç;ksx gksrk gS tcfd be-

cause ds ckn clause dkA25. (d): No error

PREPOSITIONS

120. Preposition og “kCn gS tks fdlh noun ;k pronoun lsigys vkdj mldks okD; ds fdlh vU; “kCn ls tksM+rk gSA uhpsfn, x, okD;ksa dks ns[ksa:

There was a book on the table.

There is no difference between you and me.

The frog jupled into the well.

Two thieves escaped from the prison.

Object of Preposition

121. mij fn, x, preposition dh ifjHkk’kk ls vki ;g le>

pwdsa gSa fd fdlh preposition ds ckn fdlh noun ;k pronoun

dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;g noun, noun phrase, pronoun

;k gerund ml prepositon dk object dgykrk gSa A blfy,;g lnk object form esa gksrk gSaA uhps fn, x, okD;ksa dks /;kuls ns[ksa%

She was not talking to me then.

We cannot depend on him to handle it.

She always converses with me in English.

I did not refer to them by name.

We had grown fond of your children.

He discussed the matter with you and me.

37

Words Coming After Prepositions

122. Object of preposition ds rgr vki le> pwds gSa fdbl LFkku ij çk;% fdu çdkj ds words dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSAbldks vkSj ljy cukus ds fy, ge budks vyx vyx djdsns[krs gSaA(a) blds ckn noun ;k noun phrase dk ç;ksx gksrk gS%%%%%

I will be back in an hour.

They came by bus.

We agree with your parents.

She cut the wire with a knife.

The teacher divided the class into five groups.

(b) Preposition ds ckn pronoun dk ç;ksx gksrk gSAShe laughed at me.

We were thinking about you.

Where did you go with them?

(c) Preposition ds ckn gerund dk ç;ksx gksrk gSAThey began the programme by chanting Om.

I believe in keeping others happy

They are used to working late night

Words Coming Before Prepositions

123. mij discuss fd, x, points ls vc rd vki le> pwdsgksxsa fd fdlh preposition ds ckkn mldk object vkrk gSAPreposition dk dk;Z gS bl object dks okD; ds fdlh vU;“kCn ds lkFk tksM+ukA blds fy, vkidks ;g le>uk gksxk fdpreposition ds igys çk;% fdl çdkj ds words vkrs gSaA ;gle>us ds fy, uhps fn, points dks /;ku ls i<+saA(a) Preposition ds igys fdlh verb dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

I was searching for a pen.

I do not agree with you on this matter.

She is still recovering from a disease.

(b) Preposition ds igys fdlh noun dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSAYou have lack of knowledge

You must pay attention to your study.

There are many advantages of a good educaiton.

I could not notice the difference between two

buildings.

What is relation between them?

He has competition with so many people

(c) Preposition ds igys fdlh adjective dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSAAgra famous for the Taj Mahal

I was busy in an important meeting.

We were sure of success.

I am tired of doing the same job

This film is based on a novel.

We are dedicated to our work.

uses of some important prepositions

124. Carefully study the uses these prepositions.

1. In dk ç;ksx fdlh LFkku, fdlh LFkku ds vanj fdlhpoint, dks ;k vanj dh vksj ;k ;g n”kkZus ds fy, fd;k tkrk

gS dksbZ pht+ fdlh vU; pht ls f?kjk ;k can gSAChildren are playing in the street.

Is she still in bed?

I got stuck in a traffic jam for half an hour.

They live in a charming old cottage.

2. In dk ç;ksx ;g n”kkZus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS fd dksbZO;fDr ;k oLrq dqN dk fgLlk gSAI've been waiting in this queue for ages.

What do you look for in a relationship?

I can see a future champion in you.

There are seven days in a week.

Talent like hers is rare in someone so young.

3. In dk ç;ksx fdlh le; vof/k dk fgLlk ;k iw.kZ vof/kdks n”kkZus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSAWe're going to Goa in April.

Some trees lose their leaves in autumn.

He came here in March.

See you in the evening.

She was a brilliant gymnast in her youth.

4. At dk ç;ksx lgh fLFkfr ;k fo”ks’k LFkku n”kkZus ds fy,fd;k tkrk gSAWe will meet you at the theatre.

I was at work/home/the office.

They arrived at the airport.

She's sitting at the table.

5. At dk ç;ksx lgh le; ;k fo”ks’k le; crkus ds fy, fd;ktkrk gSAThere's a meeting at 2.30 this afternoon.

I'm busy at the moment.

We woke at night.

I did not realise it at the time of writing.

At night you can see the stars.

6. At dk vFkZ gksrk gS dh vksj ;k dh fn”kk esaAShe smiled at me.

What are you looking at?

The kidnapper pointed a gun at me.

They waved at us as we drove by.

7. At dk ç;ksx n”kk fLFkfr ;k fujarj xfrfof/k crkus ds fy,fd;k tkrk gSAThe country is at war.

We were at play at that time.

7. On dk ç;ksx ;g n”kkZus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS dksbZ oLrq fdlhvU; oLrq ds mij gS ;k mls Li”kZ dj jgh gSA

Please keep the book on the table.

The answer is on page 25.

She climbed on to the bed.

8. On dk ç;ksx ;g n”kkZus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS dksbZ oLrq fdlhvU; oLrq dks çkoj.k ;k doj dj jgh gS ;k ls lacaf/kr gSA

You've got blood on your shirt.

38

Try lying on your back.

Hang your coat on that hook.

Which finger do you wear your ring on?

Can you stand on your head?

We could hang this picture on the wall.

9. On dk ç;ksx ;krk;kr ds “kk/ku n”kkZus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSAHe was on the train from Pune.

I came on bike.

It'd be quicker to get there on foot .

10. On dk ç;ksx day rFkk date ds uke ds igys fd;k tkrk gSAI will come to your house on your birthday.

Many shops don't open on Sundays.

What are you doing on Friday?

My birthday's on the 2nd of January.

My marriage anniversary is May the first.

Uses of By and With

11. By dk ç;ksx ;g n”kkZus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS fd dksbZ O;fDr;k oLrq }kjk dksbZ dk;Z fd;k tkrk gS ;k fd;k x;kA

This letter was typed by her.

Have you read any plays by Shakespeare?

I felt frightened by the anger in his voice.

He was knocked down by a motorcyle.

The horse was frightened by the noise.

12. By dk vFkZ gksrk gS fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq ds cxy esaAThere was a temple by the pond.

Come and sit by me.

Who was sitting by you at that time?

13. By dk vFkZ gksrk gS igys ;k ijAI will be back by 5 o’ clock.

I will have made all the arrangements by then.

14. By dk ç;ksx ;krk;kr ds “kk/ku n”kkZus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSAI like to travel by bus/car/plane/train.

I like to travel by land/air/sea.

15. With dk vFkZ gksrk gS fdlh O;fDr ds lkFk ;k fdlh O;fDr;k oLrq dh mifLFkfr esaA

I was with my cousins at the time.

He lives with his parents.

He's impossible to work with.

I'm going to Mumbai with a couple of friends.

I have a client with me right now.

Ice cream with your apple pie?

16. With dk ç;ksx fdlh ;a= ;k vkSt+kj ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSAHe was shot at close range with a pistol.

She wiped her lipstick off with a tissue.

Fix the two pieces together with glue.

Please handle this package with care.

Uses of For and Since

17. For dk vFkZ gksrk gS fdlh ds fy, ;k fdlh ç;kstu lsAThere is a message for you.

I am planing to write a book for children.

I need some money for tonight.

This chair is for the chief guest.

18. For dk vFkZ gksrk gS ds dkj.k ;k ds ifj.kkeLo#iAHe got an award for bravery

She did fifteen years in prison for murder.

I don't eat meat for various reasons.

He's best remembered for his novels.

19. For n”kkZrk gS ‘period of time’ rFkk amount of

distanceAI have been teaching English for ten years.

How long have been waiting here?

We walked for miles.

I am going away for a few days.

Since n”kkZrk gS vrhr esa fdlh fo”ks’k le; ls ckn esa tcrd, ;k vc rdAI have not eaten anything since morning.

My family has waited for this moment since 2015.

Mr. Gupta has been teaching in this college since

his 2010.

Over, Under, Above Below

20. Over dk vFkZ gS mij ;k dqN vkSj ls vf/kd ;k dHkh dHkhbldk ç;ksx ;g n”kkZus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS fd ,d pht+ nwljsdks doj dj jgh gSA

She covered her baby with a blanket.

She put her hands over her ears.

The sign over the door said "Exit".

She held the umbrella over both of us.

There used to be bridge over the river.

I glanced at the clock over the door.

The artist was living in a flat over the shop.

21. Over dk vFkZ gS ,d Nksj ls nwljs rd, fo”ks’kdj mij tkdjvkSj fQj uhpsA

She jumped over the gate.

The deer jumped over the well.

Tanks travel over the most difficult ground.

She turned over onto her front.

22. Under, over dk Bhd foijhr gksrk gSA bldk vFkZ gksrkgS uhps ;k fdlh vU; pht+ ds eqdkcys uhps dh fLFkfr esa, vDljtc ,d pht nwljs pht+ dks doj dj jgh gksA

He hid under the bed.

The cat was sitting under the chair.

The dog squeezed under the gate.

She put the thermometer under my tongue.

He placed the ladder under the window.

There were piles of books under my desk.

The travellers took rest under a tree.

23. Above dk vFkZ gS fdlh vU; O;fDr ;k oLrq dh rqyuk esamPp LFkku ij ;k mlls jSad esa mijA

39

We were flying above the clouds.

Some eagles were flying high above the tree.

He lives in the room above the shop.

His leg was broken above the right knee.

There's a mirror above the washbasin.

He waved the letter excitedly above his head.

It's on the shelf just above your head.

Above rFkkrFkkrFkkrFkkrFkk over esa varjesa varjesa varjesa varjesa varj24. Above rFkk over nksuks dk ç;ksx rc fd;k tk ldrk gStc ;g fn[kuk gks fd dksbZ pht+ fdlh vU; oLrq ds eqdkcysmij gSA

They built a new room above/over the garage.

fdarq tc vki ;g n”kkZuk pkg jgs gSa dksbZ pht+ fdlh oLrq dh,d vksj ls nwljh vksj xfr esa tk jgh gS rks ogk¡ ij vki dsoyover dk ç;ksx dj ldrs gSa, above dk ughaA

They jumped over the drain.

Below dk vFkZ gS uhps ;k uhps gksus dh fLFkfr esaAThe author's name was printed below the title.

Please do not write below this line.

This area is much below the sea level.

Uses of to, Towards

25. To dk vFkZ gksrk gS dh vksj ;k dh fn”kk esaAHe has gone to Patna.

Can you tell me the way to temple?

You can walk from here to the station.

She fell to the ground.

I remember my first visit to Agra.

26. Towards dk vFkZ gkrs gS dh vksj ;k dh fn”kk esaAHer back was towards me.

They walked towards us.

The country seems to be drifting towards war.

From and Off

27. From dk ç;ksx ml txg ;k LFkku dks n”kkZus ds fy, fd;ktkrk gS tgk¡ ls ;k ftl le; ls dqN vkjaHk gqvk gksA

She sent me a postcard from Majorca.

Has the train from Puri arrived?

He was blind from birth.

The shop is open from morning to evening.

Drinks will be served from seven o'clock.

28. Off dk vFkZ gS nwj fdlh le; ;k LFkku ls [kkldj orZekule; ;k LFkkuAHe drove off at the most incredible speed.

Keep the dog on the lead or he'll just run off.

I called him but he ran off.

Winter is not far off.

Until, Till

29. Until ml fu”fpr le; ;k mYysf[kr ?kVuk rd ftldhppkZ fd xbZ gSALet’s wait until the train stops.

I will leave this place until my father comes here.

Until today I did not know her.

He continued working up until his death.

You will not leave the office until you have

finished the work.

Until he had introduced himself, I did not know

him.

30. Till dk vFkZ gksrk gS tc rdAWe waited till half past six for you.

Can you wait till we get home?

Between, Among and Amid

31. Between nks ;k nks ls vf/kd yksxksa ;k oLrqvksa ds chp esaAThis is just between you and me.

We ate a pizza between us.

We drank two bottles of wine between four of

us.

32. Among dk ç;ksx rhu ;k rhu ls vf/kd yksxksa ;k oLrqvksa dsckjs esa ckr djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSAI saw a few familiar faces among the crowd.

He divided the money among his three children.

33. Amind dk vFkZ gS ds chp, fo”ks’kdj dqN ,slk tks dqNmrstuk ;k Mj mRiUu djsAThe new perfume was launched amidst a fanfare

of publicity.

He finished his speech amid tremendous

applause.

The firm collapsed amid allegations of fraud.

Before and Ago

34. Before dk vFkZ gS fdlh O;fDr ;k pht+ ls igysAI will be back home before lunch.

You should always wash your hands before meals.

Before leaving he said goodbye to each of them.

She's always up before dawn.

35. Before dk vFkZ gS ds lkeusAThe month February comes before March.

We put your needs before our own.

You have your whole career before you.

She insulted me before her parents.

36. Ago ,d adverb gSA bldk ç;ksx past esa ?kfVr fdlh?kVuk dks n”kkZus ds fy, rc fd;k tkrk gS tc ge ml le;dks present ls ekirs gSaAI completed my post graduation a year ago.

We last watched a film months ago.

An hour ago I was still in bed.

Long ago/ a long time ago, there lived a wise sage.

She called me a short/long time ago.

How long ago did you buy it?

Through, Across, Over

37. Through dk vFkZ gS fdlh pht+ dh ,d Nksj ;k rjQ ls

40

nwljh Nksj ;k rjQ rdAThe thief got in through the window.

The sand ran through my fingers.

They walked slowly through the woods.

We drove through the tunnel.

I saw him drive through a red light.

The railway runs through a tunnel.

They were riding through a forest.

38. Across ;k Over dk ç;ksx ge rc djrs gSa tc fdlh pht+tSls unh, lM+d, iwy ;k lhek ds nwljh rjQ dh fLFkfr dsckjs esa ckr dj jgsa gSaAThe truck towards me from over/across the

bridge.

She walked across the field/road.

Once they were across/over the border, they

knew they were safe.

He looked over the fence.

The sun’s coming up over the mountain.

39. Despite/In spite of: Despite/ in spite of dk vFkZgS ds ckotwnA bldk ç;ksx ;g dgus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS fddqN ,slk gqvk ;k gksrk gS, Hkys gh dqN vkSj gks ldrk Fkk ;kgksrk gSA

A nuclear power station was built despite

widespread opposition.

I still enjoyed the week despite the weather.

In spite of his injury, Ricardo will play in

Saturday's match.

In spite of age, he still leads an active life.

1. I have been(a)/ waiting for you(b)/ since seven

o’clock.(c)/No error(d)

2. We are going to(a)/ see my parents(b)/ at the

weekend.(c)/No error(d)

3. My brother’s birthday(a)/ is on the 5th(b)/ of

November. (c)/No error(d)

4. I got these(a)/ photos from my(b)/ friend

Jane.(c)/No error(d)

5. This company is known for(a)/ its sponsorship in

various(b)/ international sport events.(c)/No

error(d)

6. I want to see you(a)/ achieve what you(b)/ are

capable of.(c)/No error(d)

7. He revenged himself(a)/ on his enemy for the(b)/

murder of his brother.(c)/No error(d)

8. He dreamed of(a)/ becoming a(b)/ famous

footballer.(c)/No error(d)

9. It’s his fourth attempt(a)/ at flying a balloon (b)/

around the world solo.(c)/No error(d)

10. Your views are(a)/ opposed to(b)/ those of

mine.(c)/No error(d)

11. She has been campaigning(a)/ for the party

for(b)/ the few years.(c)/No error(d)

12. Some senior managers(a)/ were responsible(b)/

for the deal.(c)/No error(d)

13. Only a few candidates(a)/ were qualified for(b)/

the top job.(c)/No error(d)

14. You should(a)/ concentrate on(b)/ your studies

now.(c)/No error(d)

15. It’s difficult to make(a)/ airports safe from(b)/

terrorist attacks.(c)/No error(d)

16. The teacher was very(a)/ angry with us because

we had(b)/ not done our home work.(c)/No

error(d)

17. You must reconcile yourself(a)/ to a life of(b)/

hardship and poverty.(c)/No error(d)

18. I insisted on her leaving(a)/ this place at once

because(b)/ it was not safe.(c)/No error(d)

19. We should refrain(a)/ from doing(b)/ it at this

time.(c)/No error(d)

20. The prince aims(a)/ at helping the poor(b)/ of

the city.(c)/No error(d)

21. The poor beggar is(a)/ addicted to smoking(b)/

some local tobacco.(c)/No error(d)

22. You are prohibited(a)/ from smoking at(b)/

public places.(c)/No error(d)

23. We prevented her(a)/ from selling(b)/ her

ornaments.(c)/No error(d)

24. You should abstain(a)/ from speaking ill(b)/ of

others.(c)/No error(d)

25. My both children(a)/ excel in writing(b)/ good

English.(c)/No error(d)

26. He is intent on(a)/ winning even(b)/ the third

prize.(c)/No error(d)

27. He is confident(a)/ of winning(b)/ the debate.(c)/

No error(d)

28. They had no excuse(a)/ for remaining absent(b)/

from the class.(c)/No error(d)

29. Young boys and(a)/ girls are fond of(b)/ reading

novels.(c)/No error(d)

30. The prince was(a)/ desirous of(b)/ visiting

India.(c)/No error(d)

31. He is disqualified from(a)/ holding any(b)/

responsible post.(c)/No error(d)

32. We hindered her from(a)/ going there because

she(b)/ was new to the place.(c)/No error(d)

33. He succeeded in(a)/ achieving his aim by(b)/

means of hard work.(c)/No error(d)

34. They grieved at(a)/ the news of(b)/ my

41

failure.(c)/No error(d)

35. I have a great regard(a)/ for him because he(b)/

has guided me.(c)/No error(d)

36. I was amazed(a)/ at her(b)/ impudence.(c)/No

error(d)

37. You must be(a)/ proud of(b)/ your children.(c)/

No error(d)

38. Her hatred for(a)/ him was(b)/ very great.(c)/No

error(d)

39. She is now(A)/ married to a(b)/ rich merchant.(c)/

No error(d)

40. Is it necessary for(a)/ you to answer(b)/ all the

questions?(c)/No error(d)

CONJUNCTIONS

1. Conjunction og word gS tks nks sentences, clauses,

phrases ;k words dks tksM++rk gSA uhps fn, okD;ksa dks/;ku ls i<+sa%Mr. Gupta earns money and his children spend

it carelessly.

She forbade children not to go out but they did

not listen to her.

Is it Tuesday or Wednesday today?

We can neither change nor improve it.

We listened eagerly, for he brought the news of

our families.

I did not go to college yesterday because I was ill.

mij fn, x, çR;sd okD; esa bold rFkk italic esa afn;k x;kword conjuntion gS tks underline fd, sentences,

clauses rFkk words dks tksM+ jgk gSAKinds of Conjunctions

2. Conjunctions fuEu çdkj ds gksrs gSa(a) Coordinating Conjunctions: ;s os conjunctions gSa tks nks

,sls words, phrases ;k clauses tksM+rs gSa tks independent

;k equal gksrs gSaA ;s nksuksa part single words Hkh gks ldrs gSarFkk clauses HkhAI tried hard, but I did not succeed.

She came in and started shouting at us.

You can answer this question or skip it.

Hard work and luck both are necessary for

success.

She is kind so she helps people.

eq[; coordinating conjunctions gSa : for, and, nor, but,

or, yet, so = FANOBOYS

(b) Subordinatting Conjuntions: ;s os conjunctions gSatks subordinate clause dks main clause ls tksM+rs gSaAThough he is poor, he is honest.

The patient had died before the doctor came.

Since it was raining, we decided not to go

swimming.

We did not go to school yesterday because it was

raining.

This is the man who helped me cross the road.

She gave me a pen whose nib was broken.

She was talking ill of you soon after you had left.

If you work hard, you will succeed in your career.

I did not understand what you said.

He said that he was innocent.

How long is it till your baby is due?

Until you return from your trip, work on this

project will not start.

Women can go first as they have to cook food.

eq[; coordinating conjunctins gSa%after although

as as soon as

because beforeby the time

even ifeven though every time

if in case

in order that in the event that

just in case now that

only if provided that

rather than since

so that than

that though

until when

whenever where

whereas wherever

whether whether or not

while why

(c) Correlative Conjunctions: ;s os conjunctions gSa tksçk;% pair esa ç;ksx fd, tkrs gSa rFkk leku vFkZ okys “kCnksa ;k“kCn lewgksa dks tksM+rs gSaAYou either do your work or keep silent.

He is not only hark working but also brilliant.

Neither I nor he did well.

Both cricket and the hockey teams are doing

well.

You must decide whether you stay or you go.

Just as many Indians love cricket, so many

Americans love ice hockey.

The more you work, the better you will be at it.

Football is as fast as hockeyis.

Football is as much an addiction as it is a sport.

No sooner did the thief see the police than he

ran away.

I would rather wait for them than go for

42

shopping alone.

eq[; correlative conjunctins gSa%either ...or neither...nor

both... and not only ...but also

though ...yet no sooner...than

hardly...when scarcely...when

else...but so ...as

so... that such...as

such...that as...as

Uses of Some Important Conjunctions

4. Because, since, as, in order to rFkk in order that dkç;ksx dkj.k ;k mns”; crkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSASince it was raining, we cancelled our party.

As you are late, you will have to wait.

I agreed to her suggestion in order not to

upset her.

5. As, though, even though, just as, though,

whereas, while dk ç;ksx rqyuk djus ds fy, ;kfdlh ls lgefr trkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSAYou have to do this as I am doing.

Though he does not speak English fluently, his

grammar is good.

Some students maintain discipline whereas

others do not do.

Even though he was not rich, he started busienss.

I read it while you were drying your hair.

All of us were doing just as our trainer was doing.

6. Where rFkk wherever dk ç;ksx LFkku crkus ds fy,fd;k tkrk gSAI have no idea where she has hidden my shoes.

You will face the same problems wherever you go.

7. After, before, as soon as, as long as, until, till,

when, whenever rFkk while dk ç;ksx le; crkus dsfy, fd;k tkrk gSAWe will take meal after you have taken.

When I as a child, my mother used to take me to

school.

As soon as the dog saw its master, it began

wagging its. tail.

We will not leave this place till you ask us to.

Whenever she comes with her pet, we have to

remain alert.

Situation will remain under control as long as

the police are alert.

8. If, even if, only if, provided that, unless dk ç;ksx“krZ ;k n”kk crkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSAIf you work sincerely, you English will improve.

Even if you take a taxi, you'll still miss your train.

He's welcome to come along, provided that he

behaves himself.

43

Look at the following questions:

1. I am going to buy either(a)/ a camera nor a

DVD(b)/ player with the money.(c)/No error(d)

2. I neither knew(a)/ or (b)/cared what had hap-

pened to him.(c)/No error(d)

3. She (a)/ wrote not only the text(b)/ but also se-

lected theillustrations.(c)/No error(d)

4. He seemed(a)/ undecided whether(b)/ to go if

stay.(c)/No error(d)

5. His clothes,(a)/ though old and worn(b)/ looked

clean and of goodquality.(c)/No error(d)

6. For this job you(a)/ will need a good knowledge

of both (b)/Italian aswell as Spanish.(c)/No

error(d)

7. She worked(a)/ hard so(b)/ as everything would

be ready in time.(c)/No error(d)

8. So (a)/what if nobody else(b)/ agrees with

me?(c)/No error (d)

9. She may(a)/ need some(b)/ help if she is new.(c)/

No error (d)

10. When I was(a)/ waiting at the bus stop,(b)/ I came

across one of old friends.(c)/ No error(d)

11. You can(a)/ ask for help whatever(b)/you need

it.(c)/No error(d)

12. We thought she (a)/was arrogant, whereas(b)/

in fact she was just very shy.(c)/No error(d)


1. (b) Replace nor with “or”because either is

followed by “or”.

2. (b) Replace or with “nor” because neither is

followed by “nor”.

3. (b) Not only…..but also is a correlative

conjunction. It should be followed by the

words of the same parts of speech.

4. (c) Replace ‘ if’ with “or”because whether is

followed by ‘or.

5. (b) Though is followed by “yet’.

6. (c) Replace as well as with “and” because both

is followed by “and”.

7. (c) Replace as with ‘that’ because so is followed

by “that”.

8. (d) No error

9. (c)Replace if with “as”.

10. (a)Replace when with “while”.

11. (b) Replace whatever with “whenever”.

12. (d)No error

1. The president(a)/speech was broadcast on(b)

network television. (c)/No error (d)

2. When she woke up,(a)/ they realized that she(b)/

has lost the power of speech.(c)/No error (d)

3. At the time I never(a)/even realized how was(b)/

unhappy I .(c)/No error (d)

4. Almost everything (a)/was lost in(b)/ the fire.(c)/

No error (d)

5. It wouldn’t be(a)/sensible to hope of(b)/

immediate success.(c)/No error (d)

6. The accident (a)/has happened at 4.30 pm(b)/

yesterday.(c)/No error (d)

7. Just press this(a)/button to start(b)/ the

computer.(c)/No error (d)

8. As we crossed the bridge,(a)/we paused to

look(b)/at the boats.(c)/No error (d)

9. The new assembly is(a)/ seen by many as a

bridge(b)/to full independent.(c)/No error (d)

10. The neighbours said(a)/ that we were making(b)/

much too noise.(c)/No error (d)

11. Users will be able(a)/to upgrade his (b)/machines

as necessary. (c)/No error (d)

12. The system has been(a)/ upgraded to meet(b)/

customers needs.(c)/No error (d)

13. I need to know (a)/your decision by(b)/next

week.(c)/No error (d)

14. They are very good(a)/at stage international (b)/

sporting events.(c)/No error (d)

15. They should have(a)/a good chance of winning

(b)/the competition.(c)/No error (d)

16. Writing books(a))/require a lot of time (b)/and

effort.(c)/No error (d)

17. Experiment is necessary(a)/to find a treatment

(b)/that suit you.(c)/No error (d)

18. He had arrived at(a)/ the school with the idea(b)/

of start a band.(c)/No error (d)

19. Proposals for a(a)/ new constitution are (b)in

discussion.(c)/No error (d)

20. Their support give fuel to(a)/ the criticism that the

government(b)/ is moving to the right.(c)/No

error(d)

21. The Court(a)/of Appeal rejected(b)/her

arguments.(c)/No error (d)

22. An appeal against(a)/ his conviction is(b)/ being

considering.(c)/No error (d)

23. She repeated her(a)/demand for a urgent(b)/

review of the system.(c)/No error (d)

24. Best (a)/doctors are also(b)/ good listeners.(c)/

No error (d)

25. The police brought(a)/ the suspect into the(b)/

station for question.(c)/No error (d)

26. The town is a major(a)/centres for the

American(b)/book publishing trade.(c)/No error

(d)

27. Age is a major (a)/factor affecting chances(b)/

for employment.(c)/No error (d)

28. Changes in the weather(a)/affects the market

in(b)/ fruit and vegetables.(c)/No error (d)

29. I walked over to(a)/the window and (b)/look

outside.(c)/No error (d)

30. A joint venture between(a)/ the British and

Italian(b)/ governments were started. (c)/No

error (d)

31. I and my sister(a)/had a joint(b)/ birthday

party(c)/No error (d).

32. The course involves (a)/a great deal of(b)/hard

works.(c)/No error (d)

33. You are in (a)/the hockey team(b)/this year?(c)/

No error (d)

34. Are you going to(a)/watch the game(b)/over TV

tonight?(c)/No error (d)

35. A new initiative to tackling(a)/ the shortage of

teachers(b)/ was initiated last year.(c)/No error (d)

36. Why do you keep(a)/this complete useless(b)/

umbrella?(c)/No error (d)

37. You will(a)/never guess to who(b)/I talk

today.(c)/No error (d)

38. Reporters were (a)/throwing personnel

questions (b)/at her.(c)/No error (d)

39. This exams is(a)/an insult to students’(b)/

intelligence.(c)/No error (d)

40. She was too (a)/hard-working(b)/and reliable.

(c)/No error (d)

41. Our thank go to(a)/ everybody who has

worked(b)/ on this project.(c)/No error (d)

42. Our main objective is to (b)/improve educational

standards.(c)/No error (d)

43. We use drugs (a)/to speed up the(b)/healing

process.(c)/No error (d)

44. The team were (a)/preparing for the(b)/ series

against England.(c)/No error (d)

45. A decision has to(a)/ be made within a period(b)/

of three month.(c)/No error (d)

46. Their lead singer(a)/ has left to become (b)/a solo

artist.(c)/No error (d)

47. The committee needs (a)/someone who has

MODEL PRACTICE SET-1

44

some(b)/skill in financially planning.(c)/No error (d)

48. The work will (a)/very according to(b)/ your

abilities.(c)/No error (d)

49. Try to act (a)/natural in front (b)/of the

camera.(c)/No error (d)

50. In his book he(a)/ observes that the President(b)/

was a able diplomat.(c)/No error (d)

ANSWER

1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (b)

6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (c)

11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (d)

16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (a)

21. (d) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (c)

26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (b) 29. (c) 30. (c)

31. (a) 32. (c) 33. (a) 34. (c) 35. (a)

36. (b) 37. (b) 38. (b) 39. (a) 40. (a)

41. (a) 42. (b) 43 (d) 44. (d) 45 (c)

46. (d) 47. (c) 48 (b) 49. (b) 50. (c)


1. president ds LFkku ij president’s gksxk D;ksafd ;gspeech ds LkkFk laca/k fn[kk jgk gSA

2. has ds LFkku ij had gksxk D;ksafd ;g clause past perfect

tense esa gksuk pkfg,A3. was dk ç;ksx I ds ckn gksxk D;ks a fd how ;gka

subordinating conjuction dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA5. of ds LFkku ij for gksxk D;ksafd hope for gksrk gSA6. delete ‘has’ D;ksafd ;g sentence simple past esa gksxkA9. independent ds LFkku ij independence gksxk D;ksafd

fdlh preposition ds ckn noun dk ç;ksx gksrk gSadjective dk ugha

10. lgh order gksrk gS ‘too much’

11. his LFkku ij their gksxk D;ksafd bldk ç;ksx users dsLFkku ij fd;k x;k gSA

12. customers ds LFkku ij customers’ gksxk D;ksafd ;g need

ds LkkFk laca/k fn[kk jgk gSA13. need ds LFkku ij will need gksxk D;ksafd time denoting

word ‘next week’ furure show dj jgk gSA14. stageds LFkku ij staging gksxk D;ksafd preposition ds

gerund dk ç;ksx gksxkA16. require ds LFkku ij requires gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject

‘writing’ singular gSA17. suit ds LFkku ij suits gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject ‘that’

singular’ gSA18. start ds LFkku ij starting D;ksafd preposition ds ckn

gerund dk ç;ksx gksxkA

19. in discussion ds LFkku ij under discussion gksxk D;ksafdunder discussion gksrk gSA

20. give ds LFkku ij gives gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject

‘support’ singular gSA22. considering ds LFkku ij considered gksxk D;ksafd verb

passive voice esa gksuk pkfg,A23. a ds LFkku ij an gksxkA24. best ds igys the dk ç;ksx gksxkA25. question ds LFkku ij questioning gksxk D;ks afd

preposition ds ckn gerund dk ç;ksx gksxkA26. centres ds LFkku ij centre dk ç;ksx gksxk D;ksafd blds

igys article ‘a’ dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA27. for ds LFkku ij of gksxk D;ksafd chnace of gksrk gSA28. affects ds LFkku ij affect gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject

‘chnages’ plural gSA29. look ds LFkku ij looked gksxk D;ksafd main sentence

past esa gSA30. were ds LFkku ij ‘was’ gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject

venture singular gSA31. I and my sister ds LFkku ij‘my sister and I gksxk D;ksafd

third person + first person gksrk gSA32. works ds LFkku ij work gk sxk D;k s a fd ;g ,d

uncountable noun gksxk D;ksafd gSA33. are dk ç;ksx you ds igys gksxk D;ksafd sentencee

interrogative gSA34. over ds LFkku ij on gksxkA35. tackling ds LFkku ij tackle gksxk D;ksafd ‘to’ ;gk¡ infinitve

marker dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA36. complete ds LFkku ijcompletely gksxk D;ksafd ;g

adjective ‘useless’ dks qualify dj jgk gSA37. who ds LFkku ij whom gks D;ksafd fdlh preposition ds

ckn vkus okyk pronoun lnk objective form esa gksrk gSA38. personnel ds LFkku ij personal gksxk D;ksafd peronal

dk vFkZ gksrk gS O;fDrxr rFkk personnel dk ‘deZpkjh39. exam ds LFkku ij exam gksxk D;ksafd this ds ckn singular

noun dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA40. too ds LFkku ij very gksxk D;ksafd ‘too’ dk ç;ksx negative

sense esa gksrk gSA41. thank ds LFkku ij thanks gksxk D;ksafd ;g noun gksrk gSA42. improving ds LFkku ij improve gksxk D;kdafd ‘to’ ;gka

infinitve marker dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA45. month ds LFkku ij months gksxk D;ksafd three ds ckn

plural noun dk ç;ksx gksxk A47. financially ds LFkku ij financial gksxk D;ksafd

planning ,d noun gSA48. very ds LFkku ij vary gksxk D;ksafd very adverb gksrk

gS rFkk vary verbA

49. natural ds LFkku ij naturally gksxk D;ksafd ;g verb

act dks qualify dj jgk gSA50. a ds LFkku ij an gksxkA

45


1. I’m not in a(a)/position to comment(b)/over the

matter.(c)/No error (d)

2. The accident is thought(a)/to have being a result

(b)/of pilot error.(c)/No error (d)

3. I checked the engine,(a)/but I couldn’t find(b)/

anything wrongly.(c)/No error (d)

4. Vaccination is one of the(a)/ most effective

method for(b)/ preventing disease.(c)/No error (d)

5. All the dancers and(a)/musician wore(b)/

traditional costumes.(c)/No error (d)

6. The atmosphere(a)/ in our office is(b)/very

relaxed.(c)/No error (d)

7. Make yourself comfortable(a)/and I’ll be back in

(b)/a few minute.(c)/No error (d)

8. Matthew made a note of(a)/the car number

and(b)/ inform the police.(c)/No error (d)

9. The fire is thought (a)/to have start in an (b)/

upstairs room.(c)/No error (d)

10. The Great War(a)/ has started in August(b)/ of

that year.(c)/No error (d)

11. The birds also attack(a)/crops when the(b)/

opportunityarise.(c)/No error (d)

12. The role of the state as a(a)/ prime mover in planning

social (b)/change has been in attack.(c)/No error (d)

13. The majority of small businesses(a)/goes broke within

the (b)/first twenty-four months.(c)/No error (d)

14. He was short of cash(a)/ after the collapse(b)/

of his business.(c)/No error (d)

15. Shopkeepers would (a)/once have been pillars

(b)/of the Tory establishment.(c)/No error (d)

16. My father had(a)/be a pillar of (b)/the

community.(c)/No error (d)

17. We now need new leader(a)/ of the party and

a(b)/ new style of leadership.(c)/No error (d)

18. We are going to (a)/hold a rally next month to(b)/

electing a new leader.(c)/No error (d)

19. The Minister says(a)/the idea is worthy (b)/for

consideration.(c)/No error (d)

20. The wind from the car’s(a)/motion whip her hair

(b)/around her head.(c)/No error (d)

21. I enjoyed the book(a)/and said so when(b)/ I

returned it.(c)/No error (d)

22. The young nurse(a)/ pulled a face at the(b)/

Matron retreating figure.(c)/No error (d)

23. They had already (a)/voted to him at (b)/the first

ballot. (c)/No error (d)

24. They’ve spent nearly(a)/ a billion dollars on(b)/

it already.(c)/No error (d)

25. The dining-room is(a)/luxurious furnished (b)/

and carpeted.(c)/No error (d)

26. We took tea by(a)/lamplight in his sparse(b)/

maintained house.(c)/No error (d)

27. She read a poem by (a)/Carver which describes

their(b)/ life together.(c)/No error (d)

28. He commented at the meeting(a)/ as marking a

new stage in(b)/the peace process.(c)/No error (d)

29. Both company have (a)/characterized the(b)/

relationship as friendly.(c)/No error (d)

30. This plays(a)/ is characterized (b)/as a

comedy.(c)/No error (d)

31. The organisation has (a)/been branded as racist

by (b)/some of its own staff.(c)/No error (d)

32. All the product (a)/are labelled with(b)/

comprehensive instructions.(c)/No error (d)

33. There were a(a)/ fire burning in(b)/ the large

fireplace.(c)/No error (d)

34. The two another(a)/ passengers escaped(b)/

serious injury.(c)/No error (d)

35. I was left (a)/shouting abuse as(b)/ the car sped

off.(c)/No error (d)

36. Various insurance schemes(a)/ already exists

for(b) this purpose.(c)/No error (d)

37. It will be(a)/ an unique family(b)/ occasion.(c)/

No error (d)

38. These incident were the(a)/ latest in a series of

disputes (b)/between the two nations.(c)/No error (d)

39. Twenty people have been (a)/killing in a dramatic

(b)/shooting incident.(c)/No error (d)

40 The Arab nations (a)/agreed to meet(b)/at

Baghdad.(c)/No error (d)

41. She was cycle(a)/ along a country road (b)/near

Compiègne.(c)/No error (d)

42. You can connect (a)/the machine with(b)/your

hi-fi.(c)/No error (d)

43. The gadget can(a)/ be attach to any (b)/vertical

surface.(c)/No error (d)

44. For further information, please(a)/ contact us on

the(b)/ give number.(c)/No error (d)

45. You must complete the form (a)/and affix four

tokens(b)/to their back.(c)/No error (d)

46. This book prize is(a)/the bigger of its kind (b)/in

the world.(c)/No error (d)

47. I take the view that(a)/ she should be stopped

as(b)/ soon as possibly.(c)/No error (d)

48. He was always(a)/ to be seen in the(b)/ rightly

46

places.(c)/No error (d)

49. If he was not there(a)/, the situation would(b)/

worsen.(c)/No error (d)

50. We are (a)/looking forward(b)/ to see you.(c)/

No error (d)

ANSWER

1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (b)

6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (b)

11. (c) 12. (c) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (d)

16. (b) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (b)

21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (b)

26. (b) 27. (d) 28. (a) 29. (a) 30. (a)

31. (b) 32. (a) 33. (a) 34. (a) 35. (d)

36. (b) 37. (b) 38. (a) 39. (b) 40. (c)

41. (a) 42. (b) 43 (b) 44. (c) 45 (c)

46. (b) 47. (c) 48 (c) 49. (a) 50. (c)


1. over ds LFkku ij on gskxk D;ksafd comment on gksrk gSA2. being ds LFkku ij been gksxk D;ksafd have ds ckn verb

ds third form dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA3. wrongly ds LFkku ij wrong gksxk D;ksafd ;g pronoun

anything dks qaulify dj jgk gSA4. method ds LFkku ij methods gksxk D;ksafd one of ds

ckn lnk plural noun dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA5. musician ds ckn musicians gksxk D;ksafd ands dsigys

plural noun dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA7. minute ds ckn minutes gksxk D;ksafd a few ds ckn lnk

plural noun dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA8. infrom ds LFkku ij informed gksxk D;ksafd main clause

past tense esa gSA9. start ds LFkku ij started gksxk D;ksafd have ds ckn verb

ds third from dk ç;ksx gksxkA10. delete ‘has’ D;ksafd sentence esa past time denote

djus okyk “kCn dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA11. arise ds LFkku ij arises gksxk D;ksafd opportunity sin-

gular gSA12. in ds LFkku ij under gksxk D;ksafd under attack gksrk gSA13. goes ds LFkku ij go gksxk D;ksafd the majority + plural

noun ds ckn vkus okyk verb lnk plural gksrk gSA16. be ds LFkku ij been gksxk D;ksafd D;ksafd had ds ckn verb

ds third form dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA17. new ds igys a dk ç;ksx gksxkA18. electing ds LFkku ij elect gksxk D;ksafd ‘to + basic

form of the verb’ gksrk gSA19. for ds LFkku ij of gksxk D;ksafd ‘worthy of gksrkgSA20. whip ds LFkku ij whipped gksxk D;ksafd sentence past

time dks refer gks gSA21. enjoy ds LFkku ij enjoyed gksxk D;ksafd subordinate

clauses past time refer dj jgk gSA22. Matron ds LFkku ij Matron’s gksxk D;ksfd ;g figure ds

lkFk laca/k n”kkZ jgk gSA23. to ds ckn for ds ç;ksx gksxk D;ksafd vote for gksrk gSA24. spend ds LFkku ij spent gksxk D;ksafd have ds ckn verb

ds third form dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA25. luxurious ds LFkku ij luxuriously dks verb furnished

dks qaulify dj jgk gSA26. sparse ds LFkku ij sparsely gksxk D;ksafd ;g verb main-

tained dks qualify dj jgk gSA28. at ds LFkku ij on gksxk D;ksafd comment ds preposi-

tion ‘on’ dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA29. companiy ds LFkku ij companies gksxk D;ksafd both ds

ckn vkus okyk noun lnk plural gksrk gSA30. plays ds LFkku ij play gksxk this ds ckn singualr noun

dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA31. delete ‘as’

32. product ds LFkku ij products gksxk D;ksafd all ds cknvkus okyk countable noun plural gksrk gSA

33. were ds LFkku ij was gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject ‘a

fire’ singualr gSA34. another ds LFkku ij gksxk D;ksafd bldk other gksxkA36. exists ds LFkku ij exist subject schemes ‘plural gSA37. an ds LFkku ij a gksxk D;ksafd unique dk pronuncia-

tion ; ls vkjaHk gksrk gSA38. insect ds LFkku ij insects gksxk D;ksafd these ds ckn vkus

okyk noun counjtable plural gksrk gSA39. killing ds LFkku ij killed gksxk D;ksafd verb passive

voice esa gksxk A40. at ds LFkku ij in gksxk D;ksafd fdlh country ds igys in

ç;ksx gksrk gSA41. cycle ds LFkku ij cycling gksxk D;ksafd verb past con-

tinuous tense esa gksxk A42. with ds LFkku ij to gksxk D;ksafd connect ds ckn prepo-

sition ‘to’ dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA43. attack ds LFkku ij attached gksxk D;ksafd verb passive

voice esa gksxk A44. give ds LFkku ij given gksxk ;g number dsk qualify

dj jgk gSA45. their ds LFkku ij its gksxk D;ksafd ;g singular noun

form ds LFkku ij vk jgk gzSA46. bigger ds LFkku ij biggest gksxk D;ksafd article ds ckn

superlative degree of adjective dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA47. possibly ds LFkku ij possible gksxk D;ksafd as soon as

possible gksxk A48. rightly ds LFkku ij right gksxk D;ksafd ;g noun places

dks qualify dj jgk gSA49. was ds LFkku ij were D;ksafd ;g dkYifud n”kk n”kkZ jgk gSA50. see ds LFkku ij seeing gksxk D;ksafd look forward ds

ckn gerund dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA

47

1. She had put on white (a)/jacket with padded (b)/

shoulders .(c)/No error (d)

2. Cover the food (a)/until you are not ready(b)/ to

eat it.(c)/No error (d)

3. Consumers want to(a)/ buy good on the (b)/

Internet using plastic money.(c)/No error (d)

4. You must wear glove(a)/when handling any(b)/

of these chemicals. (c)/No error (d)

5. The town was (a)/severe hit by the (b)/decline

in industry.(c)/No error (d)

6. Their latest car has just (a)/gone into production

for the (b)/Japanese market.(c)/No error (d)

7. Brazil has a(a)/very unequal distribution(b)/in

wealth.(c)/No error (d)

8. We went to (a)/the new Tom Cruise(b)/ film last

week.(c)/No error (d)

9. A lot of people (a)/have offered us very (b)/useful

advise.(c)/No error (d)

10. The president condemns (a)/terrorism in thes

trongest (b)/possibly terms.(c)/No error (d)

11. All his teacher(a)/speak of him in(b)/glowing

terms.(c)/No error (d)

12. Did the newspapers(a)/really affected the

outcome (b)/of the election?(c)/No error (d)

13. We were very poor(a)/ and could not barely

afford the(b)/ necessities of life.(c)/No error (d)

14. We do not have(a)/capital punishment in(b)/ this

country.(c)/No error (d)

15. He had to(a)/clean up the mess(b)/because of

he was asked to do so .(c)/No error (d)

16. Passive smoking can(a)/led to an increased (b)/

risk of lung cancer.(c)/No error (d)

17. The risk of a major(a)/ nuclear accident must

be(b)/ taken serious(c)/No error (d).

18. The council says(a)/ the waste is not a (b)/risk

for the public.(c)/No error (d)

19. My father is(a)/ been in poor health(b)/ for some

time.(c)/No error (d)

20. Stress is (a)/definitely worse for(b)/your

health.(c)/No error(d)

21. No damage had been done,(a)/ and we pushed

the van(b)/back onto the road.(c)/No error (d)

22. You can’t use(a)/ the microwave –(b)/ it ’s

broke.(c)/No error (d)

23. We near went to the (a)/concert, but we were

(b)/both too tired.(c)/No error (d)

24. The business has (a)/make more money(b)/ this

year.(c)/No error (d)

25. We have spent a lot (a)/of money on (b)/this

house.(c)/No error (d)

26. I would have(a)do the same thing(b)/in his

situation.(c)/No error (d)

27. If he will trouble(a) me, I will certainly (b)/

complain against him.(c)/No error (d)

28. There is one only(a)/ copy left, so we’ll (b)/have

to share(c)/No error (d).

29. The report will be of interest(a)/ to teachers and

other (b)/in the education field.(c)/No error (d)

30. This programme is a usefully (a)/addition to their

range of (b)/business-related software.(c)/

No error (d)

31. The car was (a)/not able to(b)/pull a such large

weight.(c)/No error (d)

32. The house had(a)/ an exceptional(b)/ large

garden. (c)/No error (d)

33. Her new glass(a)/ make her look (b)completely

different.(c)/No error (d)

34. We’re doing a big concert(a)/ tomorrow night

and (b)/another one at Saturday.(c)/No error (d)

35. The election result (a)/was a disaster(b)/to the

party.(c)/No error (d)

36. The family thought (a)/Anne is a good

influence(b)/ on their son.(c)/No error (d)

37. The house is exactly (a)/the same as it (b)/is

twenty years ago.(c)/No error (d)

38. He is very(a)/ accurately in his(b)/

calculations.(c)/No error (d)

39. He wants to(a)/spending more time(b)/ with his

family(c)/No error (d).

40. We only use this (a)/room when friends(b)/will

come to visit.(c)/No error (d)

41. We’re spending a lot(a)/ more on food then(b)/

we used to.(c)/No error (d)

42. The front wheel (a)/of my bike is bend(b)/ out of

shape.(c)/No error (d)

43. The keys are(a)/ lose somewhere(b)/ in the


44. A new version of the(a)/ software is due in the

next(b)/ couple of week.(c)/No error (d)

45. As the sun rose(a)/ in the sky the(b)/ temperature

climbes.(c)/No error (d)

46. She was(a)/ wearing thick (b)/woollen

sweater.(c)/No error (d)

47. She cut the(a)/ bread in(b)/ many thick slices.(c)/No

error (d)

48. The house(a)/ had an exceptionally(b)/largely


48

garden. (c)/No error (d)

49. The river is so highly(a)/that only small boats(b)/

can pass under the bridge.(c)/No error (d)

50. The Rocky Mountains (a)/are lower in altitude

than(b)/that of the Himalayas.(c)/No error (d)

ANSWER1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b)

6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (c)

11. (a) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (b)

16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (b)

21. (d) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (b) 25. (d)

26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (a) 29. (b) 30. (a)

31. (c) 32. (b) 33. (a) 34. (c) 35. (c)

36. (b) 37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (b) 40. (c)

41. (b) 42. (b) 43 (b) 44. (c) 45 (c)

46. (b) 47. (b) 48 (c) 49. (a) 50. (c)


1. jacket ds igys a dk ç;ksx gksxkA2. delete ‘not’

3. good ds LFkku ij goods gksxk D;ksafd good dk vFkZ gksrkgS HkykbZ rFkk goods dk vFkZ gksrk gS leku

4. gove ds LFkku ij glovees gkxk D;ksafd ;g lnk -s dslkFk ç;wDr gksrk gSA

5. severe ds LFkku ij severely gksxk D;ksafd ;g verb hit

dks qualify dj jgk gSA6 . No error

7. (c): in ds LFkku ij of gksxk8. in ds LFkku ij of dk ç;ksx gksxk D;ksafd distribution ds

ckn of dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA9. advise dsd LFkku ij advice gksxk D;ksafd advise verb

gksrk gS rFkk adivice nounA10. possibly ds LFkku ij possible gksxk D;ksafd ;g noun

terms dk qualify dj jgk gSA11. teacher ds LFkku ij teachers gksxk D;ksafd all ds ckn vkus

okyk countable noun lnk plural gksrk gSA12. affected ds LFkku ij affect gksx D;ksafd did ds ckn vkus

okyk main verb basic form esa gksrk gSA13. delelte ‘not’ D;kaafd barely Loa; negative gSA14. No error

15. because of ds LFkku ij because gksxk D;ksafd because of dsckn noun dk ç;ksx gksrk gS rFkk because ds ckn Clause dk

16. led ds LFkku ij lead dk ç;ksx gksxk D;ksafd can fdlh modal

verb ds ckn verb ds basic form dk ç;ksx gksrk gkSA17. serious ds LFkku ij seriously gksxk D;ksafd ;g verb

taken dks qaulify dj jgk gSA18. for ds LFkku ij to gksxk D;ksafd risk to gksrk gSA

19. is ds LFkku ij has gksxk D;ksafd sentence esa for ds ç;ksx fd;kx;k gSA for/since ds ckn present perfect dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA

20. definitely worse ds LFkku ij worse bad gksxk D;ksafdokD; esa comparison ughsa gks jgk gSA

22. broke ds LFkku ij broken gksxk D;ksafd verb passive

voice esa gksuk pkfg,A23. near ds LFkku ij nearly gksxk D;ksafd ;g verb went dks

qualify dj jgk gSA24. make ds LFkku ij made gksxk D;ksafd has ds ckn verb ds

past particile form dk ç;ksx gksxk A26. do ds LFkku ij done gksxk D;ksafd would have ds ckn

verbds basic form dk ç;ksx gksxk A27. delete ‘will’

28. only dk ç;ksx one ds igys gksxkA29. other ds LFkku ij others gksxk D;ksafd and ds igys plu-

ral noun dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA30. usefully d LFkku ij useful gksxk D;ksafd ;g noun

programme dks qauliafy dj jgk gSA31. a dk ç;ksx such ds igys gksxk A32. exceptional ds LFkku ij exceptinally gksxk D;ksafd ;g

adjective large dks qualify dj jgk gSA33. glass ds LFkku ij ggalsses gksxk D;ksafd glasses D;ksafd

ij p”esa dh ckr dh tk jgh gSA34. at ds LFkku ij on gksxk D;ksafd days ds igys ‘on’ dk ç;ksx

gksrk gSA35. to ds LFkku ij for gksxkA36. is ds LFkku ij was gksxk D;ksafd37. is ds LFkku ij was gksxk D;ksafd main clause past tense esa gSA38. accuarately ds LFkku ij accurate gksxk D;ksafd ;g

prnoun he dks qualify dj jgk gSA39. spending LFkku ij spend gksxk D;ksafd want ds ckn

infinitive dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA40. delete ‘will’

41. then ds LFkku ij than gksxk D;ksafd comparative de-

gree ds lkFk than dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA42. bend ds LFkku ij ben gksxk D;ksafd verb passive voice

esa gksxkA43. loss ds LFkku ij lost gksxk D;ksafd verb passive voice esa

gksxk A44. week ds LFkku ij weeks gksxk D;ksafd a couple of ds

ckn vkus okyk noun lnk plural gksrk gSA45. climbs ds LFkku ij climbed gksk D;ksafd main clause

past tense esa gSA46. thick ds igys ‘a’ dk ç;ksx gksxk A47. in ds LFkku ij into gksxk D;ksafd cut something into gksrk gSA48. largely ds LFkku ij large gksxk D;ksafd ;g noun garden

dks qualify dj jgk gSA49. highly ds LFkku ij high gksxk D;ksafd ;g noun river dks

qualify dj jgk gSA50. delete the words ‘that of’

49


1. They are trying to develop(a)/ tourism, but highly

crime(b)/rates are bad for business.(c)/No error (d)

2. Seville is a very(a)/ pleasantly place(b)/ to

work.(c)/No error (d)

3. She was embarrassing(a)/ at having behaved(b)/

in such a childish way.(c)/No error (d)

4. There will always(a)/ be a demand of(b)/ English

teachers.(c)/No error (d)

5. You are not in(a)/ a position to making(b)/

demands right now.(c)/No error (d)

6. The committee would(a)/ consider this type(b)/

of request sympathetical.(c)/No error (d)

7. There is no (a)/notes of any kind(b)/ in the

text.(c)/No error (d)

8. Her new jeans(a)/ make her(b) to look smart.(c)/

No error (d).

9. The move reflects(a)/changing attitudes(b)/

among management. (c)/No error (d)

10. Bill came back(a)/ from his holiday looking(b)/

relaxed and tanned.(c)/No error (d)

11. They cooperate with(a)/other groups at(b)/an

informal basis.(c)/No error (d)

12. You should always(a)/ follow these simple

rule(b)/ when using electrical equipment.(c)/No

error (d)

13. The search was(a)/hampered by(b)/heavily

snowfall. (c)/No error (d)

14. A computer can (a)/store a vast(b)/ amount of

informations. (c)/No error (d)

15. The beautifully gardens(a)/offer a refuge from

the(b)/ stresses of daily life.(c)/No error (d)

16. Residents took refuge (a)/of the bombing(b)/ in

the local church.(c)/No error (d)

17. His departure was(a)/ very sudden (b)and

unexpectedly.(c)/No error (d)

18. There was no(a)/apparent clues at the(b)/ scene

of the crime.(c)/No error (d)

19. It is hoped that diplomatic(a)/ efforts can be

solved (b)/the crisis peacefully.(c)/No error (d)

20. The man died(a)/despite of the doctors’

efforts(b)/ to revive him.(c)/No error (d)

21. She has acquired(a)/so a vast store(b)/of

knowledge.(c)/No error (d)

22. The falling leaves(a)/ provide a good supply(b)/

of nutrients for the soil.(c)/No error (d)

23. They monitor both(a)/ the quantity as well as

quality of (b)/materials used.(c)/No error (d)

24. What is the rent (a)/on this(b)/ house now?(c)/

No error (d)

25. These workers(a)/belong in a(b)/ differently

category.(c)/No error (d)

26. Light from the street(a)/lamps were shining

through(b)/ a gap in the curtains.(c)/No error (d)

27. A few white (a)/cloud drifted(b)/ across the

sky.(c)/No error (d)

28. She took off her(a)/ jacket and let(b)/ it to drop

to the floor.(c)/No error (d)

29. Less fat in your diet)(a)/ lower the risk of

heart(b)/ disease.(c)/No error (d)

30. We need someone whom(a)/ has the inner strength

to(b)/take on a difficult job.(c)/No error (d)

31. Shakespeare has wrotten(a)/ a great(a)/many

plays.(c)/No error (d)

32. If you will be dealing(a)/ with a large firm, make

sure you(b)/see the local manager.(c)/No error (d)

33. We’re expected(a)/good weather at (b)/the

weekend.(c)/No error (d)

34. Four police officers(a)/sudden arrived(b)/ at their


35. The National Parks are (a)/attracting more (b)/

visitors then ever.(c)/No error (d)

36. A new exhibition(a)/at the Museum (b)/of

Modern Art started yesterday. (c)/No error (d)

37. He took one(a)/last quick looks (b)/about the

room. (c)/No error (d)

38. The King agreed(a)/to dissolved the (b)present

commission(c)/No error (d).

39. Everyone is agreed(a)/that something needs(b)/

to be done about the situation.(c)/No error (d)

40. One evening the film(a)/company arranged a

formal(b)/dinner after the play.(c)/No error (d)

41.They were expected(a)/to behave(b)/himself. (c)/

No error (d)

42. Millions of people(a)/have lost (b)/its homes.(c)/No

error (d)

43. The boy’s room is(a)/a complete contrast(b)/

with the guest room.(c)/No error (d)

44. The lamps on(a)/the side-tables threw warm

pools(b)/of light on the polish wood.(c)/No error (d)

45. Even minor head injuries(a)/can cause long-

lasting(b)/psychologically effects.(c)/No error (d)

46. Only a few(a)/people can find any(b)/cause for

celebration.(c)/No error (d)

47. Doctors believe(a)/they have cured(b)/him for

the disease(c)/No error (d).

48. I should like (a)/to extend my grateful thanks(b)/

50

for all the volunteers.(c)/No error (d)

49. She had (a)/long, narrow(b)/ feet.(c)/No error (d)

50. The effect is(a)/almost impossible(b)/to describe.

(c)/No error (d)

ANSWER

1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (d)

6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (c)

11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (a)

16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (b)

21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (d) 25. (c)

26. (b) 27. (b) 28. (c) 29. (b) 30. (a)

31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (a) 34. (b) 35. (c)

36. (d) 37. (b) 38. (b) 39. (a) 40. (d)

41. (c) 42. (c) 43 (c) 44. (c) 45 (c)

46. (d) 47. (c) 48 (c) 49. (d) 50. (d)


1. highly ds LFkku ij high gksxk D;ksafd ;g crime rates dksqualify dj jgk gSA

2. pleasantly ds LFkku ij pleanst gksxk D;ksafd ;g noun

place dks qualify dj jgk gSA3. embarrassing ds LFkku ij embarrassed gksxk D;ksafd

;g pronoun she dks qualify dj jgk gSA4. of ds LFkku ij for gksxkA

5. making ds LFkku ij make gksxk D;ksafd to ;gk¡ infinitive

marker dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA6. sympathetical ds LFkku ijsympatheticlly gksxk D;ksafd

;g verb consider dks qualify dj jgk gSA7. is ds LFkku ij are gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject notes

plural gSA8. to look ds LFkku ij look gksxk D;ksafd make ds ckn bare

infinitive dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA9. No error

10. tan ds LFkku ij tanned gksxk D;ksafd and ds igys past

participle dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA11. at ds LFkku ij on gksxk D;ksafd on the basis of gksrk gSA12. ruleds LFkku ij rules gksxk D;ksafd these ds ckn vkus

okyk noun lnk plural gksrk gSA13. heavily ds LFkku ij heavy gksxk D;ksafd ;g noun snow

fall dks qualify dj jgk jgk gSA14. informations ds LFkku ij information gksxk D;ksafd ;g

,d uncountable noun gSA15. beautifully ds LFkku ij beautiful gksxk D;ksafd ;g noun

garden dks qualify dj jgk gSA

16. of ds LFkku ij from gksxk D;ksafd respite ds ckn from

dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA17. unexpectedly ds LFkku ij unexpected gksxk D;ksafd

and ds igys adjective dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA18. (a): was ds LFkku ij were gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject

clues plural gSA19. can be solved ds LFkku ij can solve gksxk D;ksafd ;fn

fdlh verb ds ckn mldk direct object fnlk x;k gks rksok verb lnk active voice esa gksrk gSA

20. delete ‘of’

21. so ds LFkku ij such gksxk A22. for ds LFkku ij to gksxk D;ksafd provide something to

gksxk gSA23. as well as ds LFkku ij and gksxk D;ksafd both ds ckn

and dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA24. No error

25. differently ds LFkku ij different gksxk D;ksafd ;g noun

categoruy dks qualify dj jgk gSA26. were ds LFkku ij was gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject ‘light’

singular gSA27. cloud ds LFkku ij clouds gksxk D;ksafd a few ds ckn vkus

okyk noun lnk plural gksrk gSA28. delete ‘to’ before ‘drop’ D;ksafd let ds ckn bare

infinitive dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA29. lower ds LFkku ij lowers gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject

‘less fat’ singualr gSA30. whomds LFkku ij who gksxk D;ksafd ;g ‘has ds subject

dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA31. has written ds LFkku ij wrote gksxk D;ksafd ;g past

time dks refer dj jgk gSA32. will be dealing ds LFkku ij are leadling gksxk D;ksafd

if-clause esa future dk ç;ksx ughsa gksrk gSA33. are expected ds LFkku ij are expecting gksxk D;ksafd

verb passive voice esa gksxk A34. sudden ds LFkku ij suddenly gksxk D;ksafd ;g verb

35. thends LFkku ij than gksxk D;ksafd comparative degree

ds ckn than dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA36. No error

37. looks ds LFkku ij look gksxk D;ksafd one ds ckn vkusokyk adjective singular gksxk A

38. disolved ds LFkku ij disolve gksxk D;ksafd to ds cknverb ds basic form dk fd;k tkrk gSA

39. is agreed ds LFkku ij agreed gksxk D;ksafd verb active

voice esa gksuk pkfg,A40. No error

41. himself ds LFkku ij themselves gksxk D;safd ;g plural

pronoun they ds LFkku ij ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA42. its ds LFkku ij their gksxk D;ksafd bldk ç;ksx plrual

noun millionms of people ds LFkku ij fd;k x;k gSA

51

43. with ds LFkku ij ‘to’ gksxk D;ksafd contrast ds ckn ‘to’

dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA44.polish ds LFkku ij polished gksxk D;ksafd ;g noun wood

dks qualify dj jgk gSA45. psychologically ds LFkku ij psychological gksxk D;ksafd

;g noun ‘effects dks qualify dj jgk gSA46. No error

47. for ds LFkku ijof gksxk D;ksafd cure someone of gksrk gSA48. for ds LFkku ij‘to’ gksxk D;ksafd thaknks to gksrk gSA49. No error

50. No error


1. He would soon launched a(a)/second offensive,

killing off(b)/ the peace process.(c)/No error (d)

2. The bullet had(a)/enter the top(b)/part of the

brain.(c)/No error (d)

3. He did not(a)/stop until he(b)/did not reach the

door.(c)/No error (d)

4. He was the first(a)/comedian I ever saw (b)/on

the stage.(c)/No error (d)

5. In the end, we all (a)/decided to organize a (b)/

concert of Easter.(c)/No error (d)

6. India is now in a (a)/better position to

mobilise(b)/ their forces.(c)/No error (d)

7. We have spent the(a)/whole summer in(b)/ Italy

that year.(c)/No error (d)

8. The pilots had(a)/to take emergency(b)? action

to avoid a disaster(c)/No error (d)

9. The government is (a)/taking emergency action(b)

to deal with housing crisis. (c)/No error (d)

10. He was later (a)/indicted on(b)/corruption

charges. (c)/No error (d)

11. Everywhere in the(a)/house was a sticky(b)/trail

for orange juice.(c)/No error (d)

12. All escape route(a)/ were blocked(b)/by armed

police.(c)/No error (d)

13. Students often(a)/travel hundreds of(b)/miles to

getting here.(c)/No error (d)

14. I suggest we(a)/gather enough firewood(b)/to

last the night. (c)/No error (d)

15. She opened the(a)/door and stood back(b)/ to

allow the man to pass away.(c)/No error (d)

16. He finished his(a)/conversation and stood(b)/up,

looked straight at me.(c)/No error (d)

17. He was worn(a)/a light-grey (b)/suit over a

shirt.(c)/No error (d)

18. The seas store heat(a)/and releases it (b)/gradu-

ally during cold periods. (c)/No error (d)

19. He stopped to(a)/try to adjust his vision(b)/to

the faintly starlight.(c)/No error (d)

20. Anything with strong(a)/gravity attracts other(b)/

things in it.(c)/No error (d)

21. I kept the engine(a)/running because it(b)/may

be necessary to leave fast.(c)/No error (d)

22. There can be little(a)/doubt that he(b)/will of-

fended again.(c)/No error (d)

23. We could still(a)/make it, but we won’t get(b)/

there till three.(c)/No error (d)

24. Doctors says(a)/he has made a (b)/slight im-

provement. (c)/No error (d)

25. It will not(a)/be long before the inflation(b)/fig-

ure start to fall.(c)/No error (d)

26. We’re going to be(a)/meeting there (b)/on a

regular basis. (c)/No error (d)

27. He remains in(a)/a critical condition(b)/in a

California hospital.(c)/No error (d)

28. The incident happen(a)/at a very important

point(b)/in the campaign.(c)/No error (d)

29. I was hungry, and,(a)/more important,(b)/my

children were hungry.(c)/No error (d)

30. She will need(a)/to have the therapy(b)/

repeated every few month.(c)/No error (d)

31. I think I have(a)/got to stop or I might(b)/turn in

a machine.(c)/No error (d)

32. Viruses tend(a)/to be good at survival(b)/when

a computer system crashes.(c)/No error (d)

33. He was working(a)/hard to keep (b)/control of

himself.(c)/No error (d)

34. He is very(a)/emotional(b)/man.(c)/No error (d)

35. She’d have money enough(a)/to provide for her

children until (b)/she could find work.(c)/No error (d)

36. Guests ran for safety(a)/as the device went(b)/

off in a ground-floor men toilet.(c)/No error (d)

37. They continue their(a)groping towards a(b)/

constitutionally settlement.(c)/No error (d)

38. The kitchen cupboard(a)/was stock with tins(b)/

of soup and food.(c)/No error (d)

39. Each piece of furnitures(a)/in their home suited(b)/

the style of the house.(c)/No error (d)(c)/No error

(d)

40. The object of the(a)/exercise is to (b)/rise money

for the charity. (c)/No error (d)

41. Her husband is(a)unemployed and the(b)/family

depends at charity.(c)/No error (d)

42. They are proud(a)/that she is doing(b)/well in

school.(c)/No error (d)

52

43. He was very proud to ask his family for help and

support.(c)/No error (d)

44. He was arrested(a)/on suspicion of(b)/drank

driving.(c)/No error (d)

45. I’m trying to(a)/persuading you (b)/to be more

sensible.(c)/No error (d)

46. I couldn’t believe(a)/these people were

behaving(b)/ in this way.(c)/No error (d)

47. The Prime Minister(a)/is heading for certain

defeat if (b)/he will force a vote.(c)/No error (d)

48. People will accept(a)/suffering that can(b)/be

shown for lead to a greater good.(c)/No error (d)

49. I consider activities(a)/such like jogging and(b)/

weightlifting as unnatural.(c)/No error (d)

50.The country could(a)/not afford the luxury(b)/ of

a election.(c)/No error (d)

ANSWER

1 (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (c)

6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (b)

11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (c)

16. (c) 17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (c)

21. (c) 22. (c) 23. (d) 24. (a) 25. (c)

26. (c) 27. (d) 28. (a) 29. (b) 30. (c)

31. (c) 32. (b) 33. (d) 34. (a) 35. (a)

36. (c) 37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (a) 40. (c)

41. (a) 42. (c) 43 (a) 44. (c) 45 (b)

46. (d) 47. (c) 48 (c) 49. (b) 50. (c)


1. launched launch would verb ds basic form dk ç;ksxgksrk gSA

2. enter entered had ds ckn verb past participle

form dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA3. did not reach reach until ds lkFk not dk ç;ksx ughsa

gksrk gSA4. No error

5. of for gksxk gkszA6. their ds LFkku ij its gksxk D;ksafdbldk ç;ksx singular

noun India ds fy, fd;k tk jgk gSA7. have spent ds LFkku ij spent gksxk D;ksafd sentence

esa that year past time dks refer dj jgk gSA8. taken ds LFkku ij take gksxk D;ksafd infinitive ges”kk

basic form esa gksrk gSA9. housing ds igys ‘a’ dk ç;ksx gksxk D;ksa crisis ,d

countable noun gSA10. over ds LFkku ij on gksxk D;ksafd indict ds ckn on dk

ç;ksx gksrk gSA11. for ds LFkku ij of gksxk D;ksafd trail of gksrk gSA12. route ds LFkku ij routes gksxk D;ksafd all ds ckn vkus okyk

countable noun lnk plural gksr gSA13. getting ds LFkk ij get gksxk D;ksafd ‘to’ blds igys

infinitive marker dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA14. No error

15. pass away ds LFkku ij pass through gksxk D;ksafd pass

away dk vFkZ gksrk gS ejuk pass through dk vFkZ gS lsgksdj xqtjuk

16. looked ds LFkku ij looking k gerund clause dk ç;ksxgksxk A

17. was worn ds LFkku ij was wearing gksxk D;ksafd verb

passive voice esa gksxk A18. releases ds LFkku ij release gksxk D;ksafd bldk subject

‘seas’ plural gSA19. faintly ds LFkku ij faint gksxk D;ksafd ;g noun star-

light dks qualify dj jgk gSA20. in ds LFkku ij to gksxk D;ksafd attract ds LFk LFk LFk LFk LFk to dk ç;ksx

gksrk gSA21. may ds LFkku ij might gksxk D;ksafd main clause

pasttense esa gSA22. offended ds LFkku ij offend gksxk D;ksafd will ds Ckn

verb ds basic form dk ç;ksx gksrk gSAS23. No error

24. says ds LFkku ij say gksxk D;ksafd mldk subject doc-

tors plural gSA25. start ds LFkku ij starts gksxk D;ksafd mldk subject

‘figure’ singular gSA26. at ds LFkku ij on gksxk D;safd on regular basis lgh

gksrk gSA27. No error

28. happen ds LFkku ij happened gksxk D;ksafd okD; past

time dks relate dj jgk gSA29. important ds LFkku ij importantly gksxkA30. month ds LFkku ij months gksxkD;ksafd few ds vkus

okyk noun lnk plural gksrk gSA31. turn in ds LFkku ij turn into gksxk D;ksafd bldk vFkZ

gksrk gS esa rcfny gks tkuk32. survival ds LFkku ij surviving gksx D;ksafd preposi-

tion ds ckn gerund dk ç;ksx gksxk A33. No error

34. very ds igys emotional dk ç;ksx gksrk gSA35. enough dk ç;ksx money ds igys gksxk D;ksafd ;g adjec-

tive dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA36. men ds LFkku ij ds LFkku ij men’s dk ç;ksx gksxk D;ksafd

;g toilet ds lkFk laca/k fn[kk jgk gSA37. constitutionally ds LFkku ij constitutional dk ç;ksx

gksxk D;safd ;g noun settlement dks qualify dj jgk gSA

53

38. stock ds LFkku ij stokced gksxk D;ksafd verb passive

voice esa gksxkA39. furnitureds LFkku ij furniture gksxk D;ksafd ;g ,d

uncountble noun gSA40. rise ds LFkku ij raise gksxk D;ksafd riase ds ckn object

dk ç;ksx gksrk gS rise ds ckn ughsa41. at ds LFkku ij on gksxk D;safd depend ds ckn on dk

ç;ksx gksrk gSA42. in ds LFkku ij at gksxkA43. very ds LFkku ij too dk ç;ksx gksxk D;safd very ds ckn

infinitve dk ç;ksx ughsa gksrk gSA44. drank ds LFkku ij drunk dk ç;ksxgksxk D;ksafd verb dk

54

past participle form adjective dk dk;Z djrk gS past

form ughsaA45. persuading ds LFkku ij persuade gksxk D;ksafd try ds

ckn infinitive dk ç;ksx gksrk gS gerund dk ughsaA46. No error

47. will forceds LFkku ij forces gksxk D;ksafd if-clause esafuture dk ç;ksx uhsa gksrk gSA

48. for ds LFkku ij to gksxk A49. like ds LFkku ij as gksxk D;ksafd such as gksrk gS such

like ughsaA50. a ds LFkku ij an gksxk D;ksafd election dk vkjaHk vowel

ls gks jgk gSA

1. Voice dks fganh esa okP; dgk tkrk gSA blds nks #i gksrs gSa: active rFkk passiveA bu #iksa esa gesa ;g le>uk gksrk gSs dhverb drkZ ds lkFk dSlk lac/k cuk jgk gSA vFkkZr, blds drkZds LFkku ij vkus okyk O;fDr verb }kjk lwfpr dk;Z dks dj jgkgS ;k mlls çHkkfor gks jgk gSA ;fn drkZ dk;Z dks djs, rks verb

dks active voice esa gksuk dgk tkrk gS vkSj ;fn og dk;Z lsçHkkfor gks rks verb dks passive voice esa gksuk dgk tkrk gSAbls uhps fn, x, okD;ksa ls le>sa%

The dog chased the cat.

We celebrate Holi every year.

The police could not arrest the absconder.

I developed a friendship with Naina.

We cracked a joke on the teacher.

He won a medal in the 2016 Olympic Games.

Nadal defeated his opponent in the tennis final.

mij fn, x, çR;sd okD; esa bold rFkk italic esa fn xbZ fØ;kactive voice esa gSa D;ksafd mlds subject ds LFkku ij vkusokyk O;fDr ;k tkuoj fØ;k }kjk lwfpr dk;Z dks dj jgk gSA /;ku ns fd okD; ds drkZ dks underline djds n”kkZ;k x;k gSA

The cat was chased by the dog.

Holi is celebrated by us every year.

A friendship with Naina was developed by me.

A joke on the teacher was cracked by us.

SAVMAVEA TECHNIQUE

2. bl chapter dks vk Sj vklkuh ls SAVMAVEA

TECHIQUE }kjk le>k tk ldrk gSA SAVMAVEA dkvFkZ gS subject, auxiliary verb, main verb rFkk agent ;kobjectA Voice çk;% bUgha pkj part ls cuk gksrk gSA bu pkjksapart dks vki vkSj foLrkj ls le>saA

SUBJECT = S

3. tc verb ds subject ds LFkku ij vkus okyk O;fDr ;k oLrqfØ;k }kjk lwfpr dk;Z dks djs rks verb active voice esa gksrh gSSA1. I accept your invitation.

2. Man is killing man today.

3. You have damaged my reputation .

4. The dog chased the cat.

5. Who gave you this information?

Åij bold rFkk talic esa fn, x;s lHkh verbs active form esa gSaD;ksafd budk subject dk;Z dks dj jgk gSAtc subject ds LFkku ij vkus okyk O;fDr ;k oLrq ml dk;Z lsçHkkfor gks, rks verb passive voice esa gksrh gSA1. Your invitation is accepted by me.

2. Man is being killed by man today.

3. My reputation has been damaged by you.

4. The cat was chased by the dog.

5. By whom were you given this information?

Åij bold rFkk italic esa fn, x;s lHkh verbs passive form esagSa D;ksafd budk subect dk;Z dks dj ugha jgk jgk gSA cfYd mldk;Z ls çHkkfor gks jgk gSA

AUXILIARY VERB = AV

4. ge ;g igys i<+ pwds gSa fd lgk;d fØ;k og fØ;k gksrh gStks eq[; fØ;k dks tense rFkk voice cukus esa enn djrh gSA bltechnique ds bl Hkkx esa vkidks ;gh le>uk gS dh lgk;dfØ;k ;g dk;Z dSls djrh gSA blds fy, uhps fn, x, points dksvki /;ku ls i<saA(a) Passive cukuk dsoy transitive verb dk dk;Z gksrk gS,vFkkZr og verb ftlds ckn fdlh object dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrkgSA ;fn blds igys fdlh lgk;d fØ;k dk ç;ksx ugha fd;k x;kgks rks og fØ;k dsoy simple present ;k simple past tense

dk active form cukrh gSAI know the name of your parents.

Most women like salty things.

She teaches English at a private school.

We saw a new film last week

India defeated Sri Lanka.

Åij bold rFkk italic esa fn, x;s dqN verbs simple present

esa gSa rFkk dqN simple past esa D;ksafd mlds igys fdlh auxil-

iary verb dk ç;ksx ugha fd;k x;k gSA(b) tc be (= is, am, are, was, were) fØ;k ds ckn present

participle form gks, vFkkZr verb + -ing (V4) rks og fØ;kpresent rFkk continuous tense dk active form cukrh gSA

I am writing a book these days.

She is knitting a sweater for her little baby.

My sister was preparing some dish for us.

They were discussing some important matter.

(c) tc have (= have, has, had ) fØ;k ds ckn past

participle form gks, vFkkZr verb dk third form verb rks ogperfect tenses dk active form cukrh gSA

Candidates have read the instrucitons.

She has invited some of her friends today.

The invigilator had distributed the question

paper by that time.

(d) tc modal verbs (can, could, may, might, shall,

should, will, would, must, dare, need, ought to, used

to,) ds ckn verb dk basic form gks rks og fØ;k active

voice esa gksrh gSAWho cannot solve this question?

We must obey the traffic rules.

She should consult a doctor about this problem.

2. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

55

Mr. Reddy ought to convince the workers.

A senior teacher will assist you in this work.

They could defeat the opposite team with ease.

(e) tc modal fØ;kvksa (can, could, may, might, shall,

should, will, would, must, dare, need, ought to, used

to) ds ckn have + past participle (V3) rks os active voice esagksrh gSaA

She should not have trusted him.

Children must have told us the whole truth.

You might have missed the train.

We shall have taken a final decision by tomorrow.

(f) tc to + basic form of the verb (V1) dk ç;ksx fØ;kgks rks fØ;k active voice esa gksrh gSA

Ali is to sell his old car.

They need to solve his issue urgently.

They have to do it at any cost.

The company is yet to select its new president.

(g) Let + object ds ckn ;fn fØ;k rFkk mlds ckn ;fn object

dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gks rks og fØ;k active voice esa gksrh gSALet Sanya try it first.

Let children select the colour for this room

Let me take this opportunity to say something.

Let the panel announce the final results.

Let us not take this quarrel seriously.

Let people take the final decision on this matter.

MAIN VERB = MAVE

5. Active voice dks main verb ds vyx vyx #iksa ls Hkhle>k tk ldrk gSA

(a) Main fØ;k ;fn basic form ,-s/-es ;k past form esagks rks og lnk active esa gksrh gSA

Very few people accept their faults.

God helps everyone.

Your behaviour introduces you.

Failure teaches us great lessons.

I saw you coming.

The farmer beat his oxen with a stick.

They threw a party only for me.

(b) Main fØ;k ;fn present participle ( = verb + ing) esagks rks og lnk active esa gksrh gSA

The leader is giving a speech.

What are you doing this evening?

I am giving them tuition free of cost.

You are creating an ugly scene here.

The couple were planing to adopt a girl child.

(c) Main fØ;k ;fn past participle ( third form of the verb)

esa gks rks og lnk active esa gksrh gSAWe have recently started a bachelor course.

She has angered many of us with her behaviour.

I have explained the whole idea twice.

The murderer himself had called the police.

AGENT/OBJECT = A

6. Active rFkk passive voice dks ,dne vklkuh ls mldsobject ;k agent ds }kjk le>k tk ldrk gSA dSls? Simple lktrick gSA ;fn eq[; fØ;k dk direct object vius LFkku ij gS,vFkkZr, verb ds ckn, rks verb active esa gS vkSj ;fn ml LFkkuij ugha gS rks og passive esa gSA

He raised a hand in greeting.

She never breaks her promise.

Your comment has created a lot of bad feeling.

We do not allow smoking in the hall.

The letter shocked everyone of us.

Two people are assisting the police.

mij fn, x, çR;sd okD; dh fd;k active voice esa gS D;ksafdmlds ckn mlds direct object dk ç;ksx fØ;k x;k gSA çR;sdokD; esa underlined fd;k x;k word ml okD; ds verb dkobject gSA

CHANGING ACTIVE VOICE TO PASSIVE

7. fdlh Hkh active verb dks passive esa cnyus dk ,d ljymik; gSA ml fØ;k ds direct object dks passive fØ;k dssubject ds LFkku ij j[kk fn;k tkrk gSA mlds ckn ml Ø;kds active form ds vuqlkj be + past participle dk ç;ksxfd;k tkrk gSA Main verb ds ckn çk;% by + object dk ç;ksxfd;k tkrk gSA

Active: She performs all duty honestly.

Passive: All duty is performed by her honestly.

Active: I corrected all the mistakes.

Passive: All the mistakes were corrected by me.

Active: Who was threatening you?

Passive: By whom were you being threatened?

Active: Do all animal make houses?

Passive: Are houses made by all animals?

Active: The police fired warning shots.

Passive: Warning shots were fired by the police.

Active: Two small children saw a masked man

entering the mall.

Passive: A masked man was seen by two small

children entering the mall.

Active: Take the necessary precautions to

avoid infection.

Passive: Necessary precautions must be taken

to avoid infection.

Active: Bihar government has completely

banned consumption of alcohol.

Passive: Consumption of alcohol has been

completely banned by Bihar

government.

Active: They have now completed arrangments

for the trip.

Passive: Arrangments for the trip have now been

completed.

56

Look at the following examples

Active: People are spending less money this

year

Passive: Less money is being spent by people

this year.

Active: They make these dolls in Japan.

Passive: These dolls are made in Japan.

Active: They will invite successful candidates

for interview.

Passive: Successful candidates will be invited for

interview.

Active: The mayor promised new flats to

people.

Passive: New flats were promised to people by

the mayor.

Active: Death released him from suffering.

Passive: He was released from suffering by

death.

Active: Hard work never hurts you.

Passive: You are never hurt by hard work.

Active: They have asked me to make speech.

Passive: I have been asked to make a speech.

Active: We suppose you to wear a uniform.

Passive: You are supposed to wear a uniform.

Role of verb ‘BE’ in Passive

8. Passive voice esa be verb dk cgqr egRoiw.kZ role gksrk

gSA bldss lgh ç;ksx ls gh fdlh active verb dks passive esa

change fd;k tk ldrk gS rFkk bldks okD; ls gVkus ls passive

verb active esa cnyk tk ldrk gSA blfy, bl “kCn dk fo”ks’k

/;ku j[ksaA

uhps fn, x, table dh enn fdlh active verb dks passive

esa rFkk passive dks active es cnyk tk ldrk gSA

Active voice Passive voice

basic/past forms = be (is/am/are/was/

were)

be (is/am/are/was = be (is/am/are/was/

/were) were + being )

have (have/has/had) = have (= have/has/

had) + been

modal verbs + basic = modal verbs + basic

form form + be

modal verbs + have = modal verbs + have +

been

to + basic form = to + basic form + be

Active: The villagers cultivate mostly maize and

beans.

Passive: Mostly maize and beans are cultivated

by the villages.

Active: She is studying biology.

Passive: Biology is being studied by her.

Active: The police are investigating both the

cases.

Passive: Both the cases are being investigated

by the police.

Active: He acquired the firm in 1978.

Passive: The firm was acquired by him in 1978.

Active: The High Court rejected the appeal.

Passive: The appeal was rejected by the High

Court. .

Active: The Democratic Party captured more

votes.

Passive: More votes were captured by the

Democractic Party.

Active: I can solve any puzzle.

Passive: Any puzzle can be solved by me.

Active: They have missed a golden opportunity.

Passive: A golden opportunity has been missed

by them.

Active: Ramesh has composed a beautiful song.

Passive: A beautiful song has been composed by

my friend.

Active: Their divorce would have affected ev-

ery aspect their children’s life.

Passive: Every aspect of their children’s life

would have been affected by their di-

vorce.

CHANGING PASSIVE TO ACTIVE

9 fdlh Hkh passive voice verb dks active esa cnyus dklcls easy rjhdk gS mlesa ls be (is,am, are, was, were,

be, being, been) dks gVk nsa rFkk graph technique dksmyVk dj ns, vFkkZr passive verb ds object dks active dksubject cuk nsa rFkk subject dks object rFkk main verb dkform lgh dj nsaA uhps fn, x, okD;ksa ls le>sa

Passive: She was clearly being harassed by him.

Active: He was clearly harassing her.

Passive: His reputation was damaged by the

scandal.

Active: The scandal damaged his reputation.

Passive: Good education should be given to

every child.

Active: Parents should give good education to

every child.

57

Passive: By whom has this letter been written?

Active: Who has written this letter?

Passive: Important chapters must be revised

before the exam.

Active: Students must revise important chapters

before the exam.

Passive: The pick-pocket was being chased by

the passengers.

Active: The passengers were chasing the pick-

pocket.

Passive: This issue needs to be solved

immediately.

Active: We need to solve this issue

immediately.

Changing Questions into Passive

10. ;fn active sentence fdlh auxiliary verb ls vkjaHk gksrks mldk passive Hkh auxiliary ls gh vkjaHk gksrk gSA fdarq nksuksaauxiliary vius-vius subject rFkk tense ds vuqlkj gksrs gSaA

Active sentences

Active: Did he accept the offer?

Passive: Was the offer accepted by him?

Active: Has he completed all the assignments?

Passive: Have all the assignments been com-

pleted by him?

Active: Does everyone face the same chal-

lenges?

Passive: Are the same challenges faced by every-

one?

Active: Can you mend this hole in my shirt?

Passive: Can this hole in my shirt be mended by

you?

Active: Are you training the children properly?

Passive: Are the children being trained by you

properly?

Active: Have both of them presented the same

report?

Passive: Has the same report been presented by

both of them?

11. Who ds vfrfjDr ;fn dksbZ active sentence fdlh ques-

tion word (= wh-word) ls vkjaHk gks rks mldk passive Hkhmlh question word ls vkjaHk gksrk gSA

Active: When will you return my notes?

Passive: When will my notes be returned by you?

Active: Where have the girls hidden his shoes?

Passive: Where have his shoes been hidden by

the girls?

Active: How did the director find such a funny

conclusion?

Passive: How was such a funny conclusion found

by the director?

Active: Why has no one claimed this luggage

so far?

Passive: Why has this luggage not been claimed

by anyone so far?

Sentences Starting with ‘who’

Active: Who said it?

Passive: By whom was it said? or Who was it said

by?

Active: Who broke Mrs. Khanna’s flower vase?

Passive: By whom was Mrs. Khanna’s flower

vase broken?

Passive: Who was Mrs. Khanna’s flower vase bro-

ken by?

Active: Who cleaned that mess?

Passive: By whom was that mess cleaned?

or

Who was that mess cleaned by?

Active: Who teaches you English grammar?

Passive: By whom are you taught English gram-

mar?

or

Who are you taught English grammar

by?

Active: What is distrubing them?

Passive: By what are they being disturbed?

Active: Which of them gave you this informa-

tion?

Passive: By which of them were you given this

information?

Changing requests/order to Passive

12. ;fn active sentence request, order, command vkfnO;Dr djs rks ml active okD; dks passive esa cnyus ds fy,fuEu patterns dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

(a) ‘You are reqeusted, ordered, commanded,

advised + to + basic form of the verb

(b) Subject + modal verbs (usually should/must)

+ be + past participle

(c) Let + object + be + past participle

(a) Active: Open the door please.

Passive: You are requested to open the door.

Active: Bring me a glass of water.

Passive: You are ordered to bring me a glass of

water.

Active: Read it carefully.

Passive: You are instructed to read it carefully.

Active: Go to hell..

Passive: You are cursed to go to hell.

58

Active: Do not disturb me.

Passive: You are warned not to disturb me.

Note: pw¡fd bu okD;ksa esa ,d O;fDr fo”ks’k dks lwfpr fd;k tkjgk gS blfy, pattern (a) mfpr gSA

(b) Active: Obey the traffic rules.

Passive: The traffic rules must be obeyed.

Active: Respect your elders.

Passive: Elders should be respected.

Active: Keep your promises.

Passive: Promises must be kept.

Active: Save trees to protect the earth.

Passive: Trees must be saved to protect the

earth.

Note:bu okD;ksa esa ,d O;fDr fo”ks’k dks lacksf/kr ugha fd;ktk jgk gSA cfYd ,d general message fn;k tk jgk gSblfy, ;gk¡ ij pattern (b) mfpr gksxkA

(c) Active: Help the needy.

Passive: The needy should be helped.

or

Let the needy be helped.

Active: Let everyone do it.

Passive: Let it be done by everyone.

or

It should be done by everyone.

Note: blesa Hkh ,d general message fn;k tk jgk gS blfy,

;gk ¡ ij pattern (b) rFkk (c) nksuksa esa ls fdlh ,d dk ç;ksxfd;k tk ldrk gSA Note: dqN ,sls transitive verbs gSa tks active voice esa gksusij passive esa ç;qDr fd, tkrs gSaA

Active: Flowers smell sweet.

Passive: Flowers are sweet when they are smelt.

Active: Oranges taste sour.

Passive: Oranges are sour when they are tasted.

VERBS WITH TWO OBJECTS

13. dqN ,sls transitive verbs gSa ftuds ckn nks object indi-

rect rFkk direct object dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ,sls sen-

tences dks nks çdkj ls passive voice esa cnyk tk ldrk gS(a) Sentence dks indirect object ls vkjaHk djds rFkk (b)

direct object ls vkjaHk djds%Active. Raju gave me a book.

Passive. I was given a book by Raju

Passive. A book was given to me by Raju.

Active: The interviewer asked Rahil some tough

questions.

passive: Rahil was asked some tough questions

by the interviewer.

Passive. Some tough questions were asked to

Rahil by the interviewer.

,sls questions çk;% fuEu verbs ij set fd, tkrs gSaA

allow ask award

charge deny feed

find give grant

leave lend offer

pay promise refuse

show teach tell

dqN verbs ‘it + passive form + that-clause esa ç;qDrgksrs gSaAActive: People say that labour never goes in vain.

Passive: It is said that labour never goes in vain.

Active: People think that there is life after death.

Passive: It is thought that there is life after death.

,sls questions çk;% fuEu verbs ij set fd, tkrs gSaAaccept agree allege

announce anticipate argue

assure believe claim

conclude consider decide

discover envisage estimate ex-

pect feel fear

find hold hope

imply intend know

note notice observe

predict propose realize

recognise recommend report

reveal rumour say

see show state

suggest think understand

14. dHkh dHkh verbs it is said + to be pattern dk ç;ksx fd;ktkrk gS%Active: We expect that our plan will be

successful.

Passive: Our plan is expected to be successful.

Active: We thought them to be strangers.

Passive: They were thought to be strangers.

,sls questions çk;% fuEu verbs ij set fd, tkrs gSaAallege assume believe

claim consider declare

discover estimate expect

feel find intend

know mean observe

prove report reveal

rumour show state

suppose think understand

Passive of Phrasal Verbs

15. tc fdlh phrasal verb ;k verb + preposition + ob-

ject pattern dk passive cuk;k tkrk gS tkrk gS rks passive

voice esa preposition dk ç;ksx verb ds rqjar ckn fd;k tkrkgSA

59

Active: They laughed at me.

Passive: I was laughed at.

Active: We must write to the minister.

Passive: The minister must be written to.

Active: We cannot depend on such a liar like

you.

Passive:. Such a liar like you cannot be depended

on.

Omission of Object

17. By + object dks agent dgk tkrk gSA dqN fLFkfr;ksa esaçk;% agent dks omit dj fn;k tkrk gSA ,slk çk;% fuEu cases

esa fd;k tkrk gSA(a) tc agent verb ls li’V gksA vFkkZr, tc action ls ;g irk

py tk, dh ml dk;Z dks djus okyk dkSu gSAActive: The pick pocket picked my pocket in the

bus.

Active: The author wrote this novel in 1927.

Active: The police arrested a notorious thief last

night.

Active: Farmers in Assam grow quality tea.

passive Sentences

Passive: My pocket was picked in the bus.

Passive: This novel was written in 1927.

Passive: A notorious thief was arrested by the

police yesterday.

Passive: Quality tea is grown in Assam.

(b) tc ;g Kkr u gks dh agent dkSu gSAactive sentences

Active: Someone had knowingly abandoned

their bag in the bus.

Active: No one made any attempt to save the

drowing child.

passive sentences

Passive: The bag had been knowingly abandoned

in the bus.

Passive: No attempt was made to save the

drowing child.

(c)tc og sentence ds meaning ds fy, important u gksAActive: She painted the box red.

Passive: The box was painted red.

;gk¡ ij ;g crkuk vko”;d ugha dh box dks fdlus paint

fd;kA(d) dHkh dHkh agent dk ç;ksx blfy, ughs fd;k tkrk gS D;ksafd

ys[kd mldh ppkZ djuk ugha pkgrk gSAActive: You should respect the elders.

Passive:The elders should be respected.

(e)tc agent okD; ds vFkZ ds fy, egRoiw.kZ u gksAActive: People speak English all over the world.

Passive: English is spoken all over the world.

HOW TO KNOW QUESTIONS BASED ON VOICE BEFORE EXAMS

Voice ij based fdlh Hkh question dks exam ls igys le>us ds fy, vkidks uhps fn, x, graph dks le>uk gS rFkkmls fdlh Hkh question ij apply djds ns[kukA

SAVMAVEA TECHNIQUE: SHORT-CUT ROUTE

Active: Subject + (Aux. Verb) + Main Verb x + Object/Agent

Passive: Subject + (Aux. Verb) + be + Main Verb ( = PP V 3) + By + Agent

Note: tSlk fd bl graph esa eSa vkidks fn[kk jgk gw¡ fd fdlh Hkh active sentence esa ;fn vki be (=is, am,

are, was, were; be, being, been) dks tksM+ nsa rks og sentence passive gks tkrk gS rFkk blds Bhdfoijhr fdlh passive sentence esa ls ;fn vki be dks gVk nsa rks og sentence active cu tkrk gSA bltechnique fd enn ls vki voice ij based fdlh Hkh question dks exam ls igys tku ldrs gSaA

60

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS

PRACTICE SET-1

1. Did everybody miss the first bus?

(a) The first bus was missed by everybody?

(b) Was the first bus missed by everybody?

(c) Everybody missed the first bus?

(d) Had the first bus been missed by everybody?

2. We will not allow them to run away.

(a) They will not be allowed to run away by us.

(b) They would not be allowed to run away by

us.

(c) They are not allowed to run away.

(d) They were not allowed to run away.

3. Everyone must read this book.

(a) This book should be read by everyone.

(b) This book has to be read by everyone.

(c) This book is to be read by everyone.

(d) This book must be read by everyone.

4. He knew that his own life was unjust.

(a) It was known to him that his own life had been

unjust.

(b) It was known by him that his own life was

unjust.

(c) It was known to him that his own life was

unjust.

(d) It was known by him that life was unjust.

5. The student has learnt the answer by heart.

(a) The answer was learnt by the student by

heart.

(b) The answer is learnt by heart by the student.

(c) The answer by the student was learnt by

heart.

(d) The answer has been learnt by heart by the

student.

6. The old lady touched and patted the cow.

(a) The cow patted and touched the old lady.

(b) The cow was touched by the old lady patting

her.

(c) The cow was patted and touched by the old

lady.

(d) The patted cow touched the old lady.

7. This watch was given to me by my grandfather.

(a) My grandfather gave me this watch.

(b) My grandfather gives me this watch.

(c) My grandfather had given this watch to me.

(d) My grandfather has given this watch to me.

8. By whom is the child being fed?

(a) Who is feeding the child ?

(b) Who has fed the child ?

(c) Who was feeding the child ?

(d) Who has been feeding the child ?

9. Alexander expected to conquer the world.

(a) It was expected by Alexander that he should

conquer the world.

(b) It was expected by Alexander that he would

conquer the world.

(c) It was expected by Alexander that he will

conquer the world.

(d) It had been expected by Alexander that he

would conquer the world.

10. She begins her day with a cup of coffee.

(a) Her day is being begun with a cup of coffee.

(b) Her day is begun with a cup of coffee.

(c) A cup of coffee is beginning her day.

(d) A cup of coffee has begun her day.

11. Cacao is bitter when it is tasted.

(a) Cacao is bitter.

(b) Cacao tastes bitter.

(c) Cacao’s taste is bitter.

(d) Cacao tasted bitter.

12. A great man acknowledged me as a flatterer to

him.

(a) I was acknowledged by a great man to be a

flatterer.

(b) I was acknowledged by a great man to have

been a flatterer.

(c) I am acknowledged by a great man to have

been a flatterer.

(d) I was acknowledged as a flatterer to a great

man.

13. Let us help him.

(a) Let him help us.

(b) Let he is helped.

(c) Let he be helped.

(d) Let him be helped by us.

14. Can those happy moments be ever forgotten by

me?

(a) Shall I ever forget those happy moments ?

(b) Can I ever forget those happy moments ?

(c) Will I ever forget those happy moments ?

(d) Could I ever forget those happy moments ?

15. You have to do this immediately.

(a) This has been done by you immediately.

(b) This was being done by you immediately.

(c) This is being done by you immediately.

(d) This has to be done by you immediately.

16. The labourers were digging a canal.

61

(a) A canal is being digged by the labourers.

(b) A canal was dug by the labourers.

(c) A canal was being dug by the labourers.

(d) A canal had been dug by the labourers.

17. The watchman switched on the lights before it

began to grow dark.

(a) The lights were only switched on before it

began to grow dark.

(b) The lights are being switched on before it

began to grow dark.

(c) The lights were being switched on by the

watchman before it began to grow

dark.

(d) The lights were switched on by the watchman

before it began to grow dark.

18. Where do you keep the current magazines ?

(a) Where were the current magazines kept ?

(b) Where have the current magazines been

kept?

(c) Where are the current magazines being kept?

(d) Where are the current magazines kept by

you?

19. She will be rewarded for her kind deed.

(a) Her kind deed will reward her.

(b) Her kind deed will have rewarded her.

(c) Her kind deed will be her reward.

(d) Her kind deed will have been her reward.

20. God gives us happiness.

(a) Happiness is given to us by God.

(b) Happiness is being given to us by God.

(c) Happiness has been given by God.

(d) Happiness will be given by God.

ANSWER

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (d)

6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (b)

11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (d) 14. (b) 15. (d)

16. (c) 17. (d) 18. (d) 19. (a) 20. (a)


1. active ‘did miss’ simple past esa gS blfy, passive =

was/were + missed

2. active ‘will allow’ modal + basic form esa gS blfy,passive = ‘ will be’ + allowed

3. ‘must + basic form of the verb’ active esa gS blfy,passive = ‘must + be’ + pp

4. active ‘knew’ past esa gS blfy, passive = ‘was/were’ + pp

5. active ‘has learnt’ present perfect esa gS blfy,

passive = ‘has/have + been’ + pp

6. active ‘touched and patted’ simple past esa gS blfy,passive = ‘was/were’ + ppx

7. passive ‘was given’ simple past esa gS blfy, active =

‘gave’

8. passive‘by whom is + being’ present continuous

esa gS blfy, active= ‘who + is + present participle

9. active ‘expected’ past esa gS blfy, passive = ‘was/

were’ + pp

10. active ‘begins’ simple present esa gS blfy, passive

= ‘is + pp

11. ‘is tased’ passive esa gS blfy, active = tastes

12. active ‘acknowledged’ past esa gS blfy, passive =

‘was/were’ + pp

14. passive‘can + be+ pp’ gS blfy, active= ‘can +

basic form of the verb

15. active ‘have to do’ infinitive esa gS blfy, pas

sive = ‘has+ to be done’

16. active ‘were digging’ past continuous esa gS blfy,passive = ‘ was + being + pp’

17. active ‘switched on’ simple present esa gS blfy,passive = ‘ were + pp’

18. active ‘where do you keep’ simple present esa gSblfy, passive = ‘where + are + pp

19. modal ‘will be rewareded’ passive esa gS blfy, active

= ‘will + basic form

20. active ‘gives’ simple present esa gS blfy, passive =

‘is + pp

PRACTICE SET-2

1. Has she worked out all the sums?

(a) Have all the sums worked out by her?

(b) Has all the sums been worked out by her?

(c) Have all the sums been worked by her?

(d) Have all the sums been worked out by her?

2. Send for the doctor.

(a) Let the doctor be sent for.

(b) Let the doctor sent.

(c) Let the doctor be sent.

(d) Let the doctor send for.

3. They made him the President of the club.

(a) They were made him the President of the

club.

(b) The President of the club was made them by

him.

(c) He was made the President of the club by

them.

(d) The President of the club was made him by

them.

62

4. They will have to do the work sincerely.

(a) Sincerely the work has been done by them.

(b) The work is being done sincerely by them.

(c) The work will have to be done sincerely by

them.

(d) The work will have been done sincerely by

them.

5. Did the sound disturb you ?

(a) Was the sound disturbed by you ?

(b) Were you disturbed by the sound ?

(c) Was you disturbed by the sound ?

(d) Did you disturb the sound ?

6. By this time he will have received my letter.

(a) By this time my letter will have been received

by him.

(b) By this time the letter has reached him.

(c) By this time he will be receiving my letter.

(d) By this time my letter would have been

received by him.

7. One must keep one’s promises.

(a) Promises should be kept.

(b) One’s promises will be kept.

(c) Promises must be kept.

(d) One’s promises must be kept at any cost.

8. Run home, please.

(a) You are pleased to run home.

(b) You are told to run home please.

(c) You are requested to run home.

(d) You run home and this is a request.

9. I have been given this book by my sister.

(a) My sister has given me this look.

(b) To me this book was given by my sister.

(c) This book was given by my sister.

(d) My sister gave me this book.

10. Drinking has ruined many people.

(a) Many people has been ruined by drinking .

(b) Many people have been ruined by drinking.

(c) Many people are ruined by drinking.

(d) Many people has ruined drinking.

11. The king mocked at the servant.

(a) The servant was mocked at by the king.

(b) The servant was being mocked at by the king.

(c) The servant was to be mocked at by the king.

(d) The servant was mocked by the king.

12. The waiter filled the glasses with water.

(a) The glasses filled with water by the waiter.

(b) The glasses were filled with water by the

waiter.

(c) The waiter was filled the glasses with water .

(d) The water were filled in the glasses by waiter.

13. She took the dog for a walk.

(a) The dog was taken for a walk by her.

(b) The dog took her for a walk.

(c) The dog was took for a walk.

(d) The dog took a walk by her.

14. He was driving the car so fat that it skidded on

the snowy road.

(a) The car was driven by him so fast that it

skidded on the snowy road.

(b) The car was being driven by him so fast that

it skidded on the snowy road.

(c) The car had been driven by him so fast that it


(d) The car has been driven by him so fast that it


15. They will laugh at you.

(a) You can be laughed at by them.

(b) You may be laughed at by them.

(c) You will be laughed at by them.

(d) You will have been laughed at by them.

16. Trespassers shall be prosecuted.

(a) The authorities can prosecute trespassers.

(b) The authorities shall prosecute trespassers.

(c) The authorities may prosecute trespassers.

(d) The authorities might prosecute tresspassers.

17. Then her face was bowed.

(a) Then she was being bowed her face.

(b) Her face was bowed by then.

(c) Then she bowed her face.

(d) Then her face has been bowed.

18. The walls had not been decorated by us.

(a) We have not been decorating the walls.

(b) We had not been decorating the walls.

(c) We have not decorated the walls.

(d) We had not decorated the walls.

19. I shall have written the letter .

(a) The letter will be written by me.

(b) The letter has been written by me.

(c) The letter is being written by me.

(d) The letter will have been written by me.

20. We must endure what we cannot cure .

(a) What we cure must be endured.

(b) What cannot be cured must be endured .

(c) What cannot cured must endured.

(d) What could be cure must be endured.

63

ANSWER

1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (b)

6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (a)

11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (b)

16. (c) 17. (d) 18. (d) 19. (b) 20. (b)


1. active ‘worked out’ simple past esa gS blfy, passive

= ‘were + pp

2. ‘send for’ active esa gSA blfy, passive = be sent for

3. active ‘made’ simple present esa gS blfy, passive =

‘was + pp

4. modal ‘will have to do’ active esa gS blfy, passive

= ‘will have to be done’

5. active ‘did’ simple past esa gS blfy, passive = ‘were

you + pp’

6. modal ‘will have received’ active esa gS blfy,passive = ‘will have been + pp’

7. must keep active active esa gS blfy, passive = ‘must

be k + pp’

8. passive ‘have been given’ present prefect esa gSblfy, active = ‘has+ pp’

9. active ‘have been given’ passive esa gS blfy, active

= ‘ has + pp’

10. ‘has ruined’ is in active therefore ‘have been

ruined’

11. active ‘mocked at’ simple past esa gS blfy, passive

= ‘ was mocked at’

12. active ‘filled’ simple past esa gS blfy, passive =

‘were + pp’

13. active ‘took’ simple past esa gS blfy, passive =

‘was + pp

14. active ‘was driving’ past continuous esa gS blfy,passive = ‘was+ being + pp’

15. active ‘modal ‘will laugh at’ active esa gS blfy,passive = ‘will be laughed at’

16. modal ‘shall be prosecuted’ passive esa gS blfy,active = ‘will + basic form of the verb’

17.passive ‘was bowed’ simple past esa gS blfy, active

= ‘past form’

18. ‘had not been decorated’ is passive so active =

had decorated

19. ‘shall have written’ is future perfect so passive =

will have been written

20. both the modal verbs in the clause are in acitve so

passive =cannot be cured must be endured .

PRACTICE SET-3

1. They are going to build a new airport near the old

one.

(a) A new airport going to be built near the old

one.

(b) A new airport will be built near the old one.

(c) A new airport will be near the old one.

(d) A new airport is going to be built near the

old one

2. My watch can’t be repaired by anyone.

(a) No one will repair my watch.

(b) No one can repair my watch.

(c) No one can’t repair my watch.

(d) No one will be able to repair my watch.

3. Rosemary was moved to tears at the sight of the

miserable beggar.

(a) The sight of the miserable beggar moved

Rosemary to tears.

(b) The sight of the miserable beggar has moved

Rosemary to tears.

(c) The sight of the miserable beggar moves

Rosemary to tears.

(d) The sight of the miserable beggar had moved

Rosemary to tears.

4. Could you pass the salt?

(a) Could the salt been passed?

(b) Could the salt be passed by anyone?

(c) Could the salt be past?

(d) Could the salt be passed?

5. Don’t subject the animals to cruelty.

(a) The animals are not to be subjected to

cruelty.

(b) The animals shall not be subjected to cruelty.

(c) The animals will not be subjected to cruelty.

(d) The animals should not be subjected to

cruelty.

6. Who asked you to draft this letter?

(a) By who you are asked to draft this letter?

(b) By who have you been asked to draft this

letter?

(c) By whom were you asked to draft this letter?

(d) By whom you were asked to draft this letter?

7. They were creating such a fuss over a trivial

matter.

(a) Such a fuss is being created over a trivial

matter.

(b) Such a fuss was being created over a trivial

matter.

64

(c) Such a fuss has been created over a trivial

matter.

(d) By them such a fuss has been created over a

trivial matter.

8. The lightning caused serious forest fire and

damaged many near by house.

(a) A serious forest fire has been caused by

lightning and many near by housed have been

damaged.

(b) A serious forest fire was caused by lightning

and many houses are damaged.

(c) A serious forest fire had been caused by

lightning and many near by houses had been

damaged.

(d) A serious forest fire was caused by lightning

and many near by houses were damaged.

9. Today I accomplished my task successfully.

(a) Today my task is accomplished successfully

(b) Today my task has been accomplished

successfully.

(c) Today my task accomplished successfully.

(d) Today my task was accomplished successfully.

10. Look! They have painted the door.

(a) Look! The door’s being painted.

(b) Look! The door had been painted.

(c) Look! The door has been painted.

(d) Look! The door’s was painted.

11. A fresh batch of eggs was collected by the

farmer’s wife.

(a) The farmer’s wife was collecting a fresh batch

of eggs.

(b) The farmer’s wife collected a fresh batch of

eggs.

(c) The farmer’s wife had collected a fresh batch

of eggs.

(d) The farmer’s wife will be collecting a fresh

batch of eggs.

12. She was advised 15day’s rest after her surgery.

(a) The doctor was advised her 15 day’s rest after

her surgery.

(b) The doctor has advised her 15 day’s rest after

her surgery.

(c) The doctor advised her 15 day’s rest after her

surgery.

(d) The doctor had advised her 15 day’s rest after

her surgery.

13. When did he return my books?

(a) When were my books returned by him?

(b) When will my books be returned by him?

(c) When has he returned my books?

(d) When are my books returned by him?

14. We had to stop all other work to complete our

assignment.

(a) All other work has to be stopped by us to

complete our assignment.

(b) All other work has stopped by us to complete

our assignment.

(c) All other work has to be stopped by us to


(d) All other work was to stopped by us to


15. Gandhi ji started the Quit India Movement in

1942.

(a) The Quit India Movement was started by

Gandhiji in 1942.

(b) The Quit India Movement was been started

by Gandhji in 1942.

(c) The Quit India Movement had been started

by Gandhiji in 1942.

(d) The Quit India Movement started by Gandhiji

in 1942.

16. One should avoid honking the horn unnecessarily.

(a) Unnecessary honking of horn ought to be

avoided.

(b) Unnecessary honking of horn can be avoided.

(c) Unnecessary honking of horn should be

avoided.

(d) Unnecessary honking of horn must be

avoided.

17. Gagan Narang and Vijay won bronze medals in

the London Olympics.

(a) Bronze medals won by Gagan Narang and

Vijay in the London Olympics.

(b) Bronze medals had been won by Gagan

Narang and Vijay in the London Olympics.

(c) Bronze medals were won by Gagan Narang

and Vijay in the London Olympics.

(d) Bronze medals have been won by Gagan

Narang and Vijay in the London Olympics.

18. The modern means of communication have

made life so much easier.

(a) Life had been made so much easier by the

modern means of communication.

(b) Life is being made so much easier by the


(c) Life has been made so much easier by the


65

(d) Life was made so much easier by the modern

means of communication.

19. Thick clouds have overcast the sky.

(a) The sky has been overcast by thick clouds.

(b) The sky overcast by thick clouds.

(c) The sky is overcast by thick clouds.

(d) The sky is being overcast by thick clouds.

20. One should not give unsolicited advice.

(a) Unsolicited advice is not to be given.

(b) Unsolicited advice can’t be given.

(c) Unsolicited advice may not be given.

(d) Unsolicited advice should not be given.

ANSWER

1. (d) 2. (b) 3 (a) 4. (d) 5 (d)

6. (c) 7. (b) 8 (d) 9. (d) 10. (c)

11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (a)

16. (c) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20. (d)


1. active ‘are going to build’ infinitive esa gS blfy,passive = ‘is going to be + pp’

2. modal verb ‘can’t be repraired’ passive esa gSblfy, active = ‘ can + basic form’

3. passive ‘was moved’ simple past esa gS blfy, active

= ‘past’

4. modal verb ‘could + basic form’ active esa gS blfy,passive = ‘could be + pp’

5. active ‘don’t subject animal to cruelty’ order ;kcommand gS blfy, passive =‘should not besubjected to’ gksxkA see trick 6.

6. active ‘who asked’ = passive ‘by

whom+were you’ esa gS blfy, passive = ‘is + pp

7. active ‘were creating’ past continuous esa gS blfy,passive = ‘was being + pp’

8. active ‘caused’ simple pastesa gS blfy, passive = ‘was +

pp’

9. active ‘accomplished’ simple past esa gS blfy,passive = ‘was + pp’

10. active ‘have painted’ present perfect esa gS blfy,passive = ‘has been+ pp’

11. ‘was collected’ passive esa esa gS blfy, active =

‘collected’

12. passive ‘was advised’ simple past esa gS blfy, active

= ‘advised’

13. active ‘did return’ simple past esa gS blfy, passive

= ‘were returned’

14. passive ‘had to stop’ infinitive esa gS blfy, passive=

‘had to be returned’

15. active ‘started’ simple past esa gSA blfy, passive =

past ‘was started’

16. modal ‘should advoid’ active esa gS blfy, passive

= ‘should + be +pp’

17. active ‘won’ simple past esa gS blfy, passive= were

pp’

18. active ‘have made’ present perfect esa gS blfy,passive = ‘has +been + pp’

19. active ‘have overcast’ present perfect esa gS blfy,passive = ‘has + been + pp’

20. modal verb ‘should not give’ active esa gS blfy,passive = ‘modal + be + pp’

PRACTICE SET-4

1. India is evolving a new plan to control her

population.

(a) A new plan is evolved by India to control her

population.

(b) A new plan has been evolved by India to

control her population.

(c) A new plan is being evolved by India to


(d) A new plan is being evolved by India to


2. We found the lock broken last night.

(a) The lock was found by us breaking last night.

(b) The lock was found broken by us last night.

(c) The lock was broken by us last night.

(d) The broken lock we found last night.

3. They should shoot the traitor dead.

(a) The traitor should be shot at by them.

(b) The traitor should be shot them.

(c) The traitor should be shot dead by them.

(d) The traitor is shot by them.

4. Who inaugurated the fair?

(a) The fair was inaugurated by whom?

(b) The fair is inaugurated by whom?

(c) By whom was the fair inaugurated?

(d) By whom was the fair inaugurate?

5. Close the doors.

(a) Let the doors are closed.

(b) The doors are to closed.

(c) Let the doors be closed.

(d) Allow the doors to closed.

6. Nobody has answered my question.

(a) My question has been answered .

66

(b) My question has not been answered by

somebody.

(c) My question was not answered.

(d) My question remains unanswered.

7. The Judge delivered the sentence at the

courtroom yesterday.

(a) The sentence was been delivered yesterday

by the judge.

(b) The sentence was delivered by the judge at

the courtroom yesterday.

(c) The sentence was being delivered at the

yesterday by the judge.

(d) Yesterday, the sentence been delivered by

the judge.

8. Shut all the doors and windows in the night.

(a) Let all the doors and windows be shut in the

night.

(b) All the doors and windows may be shut in

the night.

(c) Let all the doors and windows remains be

shut in the night.

(d) All the doors and windows be shut in the

night.

9. People use computers for various purposes.

(a) Computers are being used by people for

various purposes.

(b) Computers have been being used by people

for various purposes.

(c) Computers are used by people for various

purposes.

(d) Computers will be used by people for various

purposes.

10. The problem has been treated by numerous

experts.

(a) Numerous experts have been treating the

problem.

(b) Numerous experts have treated the problem.

(c) Numerous experts had been treating the

problem.

(d) Numerous experts treated the problem.

11. She always cooks delicious food.

(a) Delicious food is always cooked by her.

(b) Delicious food is always being cooked by her.

(c) Delicious food has always cooked by her.

(d) Delicious food was always cooked by her.

12. Mother gave him a little puppy.

(a) He was given a little puppy by mother .

(b) A little puppy was being given to him by

mother.

(c) He had been given a little puppy by mother.

(d) A little puppy is given to him by his mother.

13. The company paid her a meager salary.

(a) She was paid a meager salary by the

company.

(b) A meager salary has been paid to her by the

company.

(c) She was being paid a meager salary by the

company.

(d) A meager salary was to be paid to her by the

company.

14. Do not insult him .

(a) Let he not be insulted.

(b) Let him not be insulted.

(c) Let not he be insulted.

(d) Let not he insulted.

15. Sameer shut the door with a bang.

(a) The door was shut with a bang by Sameer.

(b) The door was shut with a bang by Sameer.

(c) The door with a bang was shut by Sameer.

(d) The door had been shut with a bang by

Sameer.

16. Our task had been completed before sunset.

(a) We completed our task before sunset.

(b) We have completed our task before sunset.

(c) We completed our task before sunset.

(d) We had completed our task before sunset.

17. The boy laughed at the beggar.

(a) The beggar was being laughed by the boy.

(b) The beggar was being laughed by boy.

(c) The beggar was laughed by boy.

(d) The beggar was laughed at by boy.

18. The government has launched a massive tribal

welfare programme in Jharkhand

(a)A massive tribal welfare programme is

launched by the government in Jharkhand.

(b)A massive tribal welfare programme has been


(c)A massive tribal welfare programme has


(d)A massive tribal welfare programme is


19. The boys were playing cricket.

(a) Cricket had been played by the boys.

(b) Cricket has been played by the boys.

(c) Cricket was been played by the boys.

(d) Cricket was being played by the boys.

67

20. They drew a circle in the morning.

(a) A circle was being drawn by them in the

morning.

(b) A circle is drawn by them in the morning.

(c) A circle was drawn by them the morning.

(d) A circle was been drawn by them in the

morning.

ANSWER

1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) (c) 4.(c) 5. (b)

6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (a)

11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (d)

16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (d) 19. (c) 20. (d)


1. ‘is evolving’ present continuous ‘is being evolved’

2. ‘found’ simple past gS blfy, was found gksxkA3. active ‘who inaugurated’ simple past esa gS blfy,

passive = ‘was + pp’

4. active ‘close the door’ order gS blfy, passive =

‘let + object + be + pp’

5. active ‘has answered’ present perfect esa gS blfy,passive = ‘has + been + pp’

6. active ‘delivered’ simple past esa gS blfy, passive

= past ‘was + pp’

7. active ‘shut the door’ order gS blfy, passive =

‘let + object + be + pp’

8. active ‘use’ simple present esa gS blfy, passive =

‘is + pp’

9. passive ‘has been treated’ present perfect esa gSblfy, active = ‘have + pp’

10. active ‘cooks’ simple present esa gS blfy, passive

= past ‘is cooked’

11. active‘gave’ simple past esa gS blfy, passive = past

‘was + pp’

12. active ‘paid’ simple past esa gS blfy, passive =

past ‘was + pp’

13. active ‘do not insult’ advise gS blfy, passive =

past ‘let + object + be + pp’A see trick 6.

14. active ‘shut’ simple past esa gS blfy, passive = ‘was

shut’

15. passive ‘had been completed’ past perfect esa gSblfy, active = ‘had + pp’

16. active ‘laughed at’ simple past esa gS blfy, passive

= ‘was laughed at’

17. active ‘has launched’ persent perfect esa gS blfy,passive = has been launched’

18. active ‘were playing’ past continuous esa gS blfy,passive = ‘was being + pp’

19. active ‘drew’ simple past esa gS blfy, passive =

‘was + pp’

20. modal verb ‘ will demolish’ active esa gS blfy,passive = modal verb ‘will + be + pp’

PRACTICE SET-5

1. They will demolish the entire block.

(a) The entire block is being demolished.

(b) The entire block may have being demolished.

(c) The entire block will have being demolished.

(d) The entire block will be demolished by them.

2. We must respect the elders.

(a) The elders deserved respect from us.

(b) The elders must be respected.

(c) The elders deserve respect from us.

(d) The elders should be respected.

3. Has anybody answered your question?

(a) Your question has answered?

(b) Your question has been answered?

(c) Your question has answered by anyone?

(d) Has your question been answered?

4. Did she invite all her friends to the party?

(a) Was all her friends invited to the the party?

(b) Had all her friends been invited to the party?

(c) Were all her friends invited to the party?

(d) Are all her friends invited to the party?

5. The shopkeeper lowered the prices.

(a) The prices lowered the shopkeeper.

(b) The prices were lowered by the shopkeeper.

(c) Down went the prices.

(d) The shopkeeper got down the prices.

6. One must keep one’s promises.

(a) One’s promises are kept.

(b) One’s promises must kept.

(c) One’s promises were kept.

(d) One’s promises must be kept.

7. The government has not approved the new drug

for sale.

(a) The government approval for the sale of the

new drugh has not been given.

(b) The new drug has not been approved for sale

by the government.

(c) The government approval for sale of the new

drugh has not been given.

68

(d) The new drug was not approved by the

government .

8. They have published all the details of the

invention.

(a) All the details of the invention have been

published by them.

(b) The publication of the details of invention

was done by them.

(c) All the details have been invented and

published by them.

(d) All the inventions have been published by

them.

9. He teaches us grammar.

(a) Grammar was taught to us by him.

(b) We are taught grammar by him.

(c) Grammar was taught us by him.

(d) We are taught grammar him.

10. The manager could not accept the union leader’s

proposals.

(a) The union leader’s proposals could not be

accepted by the manager.

(b) The union leader’s proposals will be accepted

by the manager.

(c) The union leader’s proposals were not be


(d) The union leader’s proposals would not be


11. Prepare yourself for the worst.

(a) You be prepared for the worst.

(b) The worst should be prepared by yourself.

(c) Be prepared for the worst.

(d) For the worst, preparation should be made

by you.

12.Please shut the door and go to sleep.

(a) Let the door is to be shut and you are to got

to sleep.

(b) The door is to be shut and you are to got to

sleep.

(c) You are requested to shut the door and go

to sleep.

(d) The door is to be shut and you are to got to

sleep.

13. It is impossible to do this.

(a) Doing this is impossible .

(b) This is impossible to be done.

(c) This is impossible be done.

(d) This can’t impossible to be done.

14.We must take care of all living species on Earth.

(a) All living species on Earth are taken care of by us.

(b) All living species on Earth must be taken care of

by us.

(c) All living species on Earth had been taken care of

by us.

(d) All living species on Earth will be taken care of by

us.

15.People call him a fool.

(a) He has been called a fool.

(b) He is called a fool by the people.

(c) He had been called a fool.

(d) We all people have called him a fool.

16.It is being read by us.

(a) We are reading it.

(b) We will be reading it.

(c) We can reading it.

(d) We have to reading it.

17.He had committed a mistake.

(a) A mistake had committed by him.

(b) A mistake was committed by him.

(c) A mistake had been committed by him.

(d) A mistake had been committed by him.

18. The most useful training of my career was given

to me by my boss.

(a) My boss has been giving me the most useful

training of my career.

(b) My boss given me the most useful training

of my career.

(c) My boss is giving me the most useful training

of my career.

(d) My boss gave me the most useful training of

my career.

19. We have decided to open a new branch.

(a) We have decided a new branch to be opened.

(b) To open a new branch was decided by us.

(c) It has been decided to open a new branch.

(d) It may be open new branch has been decided.

20. The loan will be sanctioned by the bank.

(a) The bank sanctioned by the loan.

(b) The bank is sanctioned by the loan.

(c) The bank sanctioned by the loan.

(d) The bank will sanction the loan.


1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (d) (c) 4.(c) 5. (b)

6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (a)

11. (c) 12. (c) 13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (b)

16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (d) 19. (a) 20. (d)

69

ANSWER WITH EXPLANAITON

1. modal verb ‘ will demolish’ active esa gS blfy,passive = modal verb ‘will + be + pp’

2. modal verb ‘must respect’ active esa gS blfy,passive = modal verb ‘must + be + pp’

3. active ‘has answered’ present perfet esa gS blfy,passive = ‘has + been + pp’

4. active ‘invited’ simple past esa gS blfy, passive=

past ‘were + pp’

5. active ‘lowered’ simple past esa gS blfy, passive

= ‘were lowered’

6. modal verb ‘ must keep’ active esa gS blfy, passive

= modal verb ‘must+ be +pp

7. active ‘has not approved’ present perfect esa gSAblfy, passive = ‘has + not +been + pp’

8. active ‘have published’ present perfect esa gS blfy,passive = ‘has been + pp’

9. active ‘teaches’ simple present esa gS blfy, passive

= ‘are + pp’

10. modal verb ‘could not accept ’ active esa gS blfy,passive = ‘could not be + pp’

11. active ‘prepare’ warning gS blfy, passive = ‘be

prepared’

12. active ‘please shout’ request gS blfy, passive =

‘you are requested’ see trick 6.

13. active ‘is impossble to do’ infinitive gS blfy,passive = ‘this is impossible to + be + pp’

14. modal verb ‘must take care’ active esa gS blfy,passive = ‘must + be + taken care of’

15. active ‘call’ simple present esa gS blfy, passive =

‘is + pp’

16. passive ‘ it is being + pp’ present continuous esa gSblfy, active = ‘are + present participle’

17. active ‘had committed’ past perfect esa gS blfy,passive = ‘had been + pp’

18. passive ‘was given’ simple past esa gS blfy, active

= past ‘gave’

19. active ‘have decided ’ present perfect gS blfy,passive = ‘has been + pp ’

20. modal verb ‘ will be sanctioned’ passive esa gS blfy,active = ‘ will sanction’

PRACTICE SET -6

1. Paint the windows.

(a) Windows should be painted.

(b) Let the windows be painted.

(c) Let be the windows painted.

(d) Windows are let to be painted.

2. Rahul is teaching the children in the slum areas.

(a) The children in the slum areas are taught by

Rahul.

(b) The children are taught by Rahul in the slum

areas.

(c) In the slum areas the children are learning

from Rahul.

(d) The children in the slum areas are being

taught by Rahul.

3. One cannot expect children to understand these

problems.

(a) Children cannot be expected to understand

these problems.

(b) Children cannot be expected to understood

these problems.

(c) Children to understand these problems

cannot be expected.

(d) To understand these problems cannot be

expected from children by one.

4. Why did she break the garden wall?

(a) Why the garden wall was broken by her?

(b) Why had the garden wall been broken by her?

(c) Why was the garden wall broken by her?

(d) Why will the garden wall be broken by her?

5. The students were laughing at the old man.

(a) The old man was being laughed at by the

students.

(b) The old man was laughed at by the students.

(c) The old man was being laughed by the

students.

(d) The old man is being laughed at by the

students.

6. He admonished her for the error.

(a) She was admonished by him for the error.

(b) She has been admonished by him for the

error.

(c) She would be admonished by him for the

error.

(d) She is admonished by him for the error.

7. Can we send this big parcel by air?

(a) Can this big parcel be sent by air?

(b) Can this big parcel sent by air?

(c) Could this big parcel be sent by air?

(d) Could this big parcel be send by air?

8. The boys saved many elders from drowning.

(a) Many elders are saved from drowning by the

boys.

70

(b) Many elders are being saved from drowning

by the boys.

(c) Many elders were saved from drowning by

the boys.

(d) Many elders are saved from drowning by

boys.

9. We found him a good wife.

(a) He was found a good wife by us.

(b) A good wife was found out by them.

(c) A good wife was founded out by them.

(d) A good wife found them.

10. You will be taken care of by me.

(a) I will be taking care of you.

(b) I would take care of you.

(c) I will take care of you.

(d) I will being take care of you.

11.Circumstances forced him to resign his post .

(a) Circumstances make him to resign his post.

(b) He was forced to resign his post.

(c) He is forced to resign his post.

(d) He is forced and resigns his post.

12.He would have written this essay in time.

(a) The essay was written on time.

(b) The essay would have been written by him

in time.

(c) The essay was written by him in time.

(d) The essay was written on time.

13. They have made a film based on this novel.

(a) A film was based on this novel and made.

(b) A film have been based on this novel and

made.

(c) A film based on this novel has been made.

(d) A film has been based on this novel and

made.

14. The people couldn’t move me to the hospital and

the doctor operated on me at home.

(a) I couldn’t be moved to the hospital and was

operated on at home by the doctor.

(b) I couldn’t be moved to the hospital and I had

to be operated on at home .

(c) I couldn’t be moved to the hospital and I was

operated on at home by the doctor.

(d) I couldn’t be moved to the hospital by them

was operated on at home by the doctor.

15. Why did he deprive you of the membership?

(a) Why you were deprived of the membership ?

(b) Why were you deprived of the membership?

(c) Why was he deprived of his membership?

(d) Why were you deprived of your membership by him?

16. The news has been brought to us by him.

(a) He brought us the news.

(b) He has brought us the news.

(c) He had brought us the news.

(d) He brings us the news.

17. Not a word was spoken in self-defense.

(a) The criminal spoke not a word in self-defence.

(b) The criminal in self-defence spoke no word .

(c) The criminal did not speak a word in self-

defence.

(d) The criminal spoke in self-defence not a word.

18. Lie face –down, stretch your arms out.

(a) You are face down, arms are to be

outstretched.

(b) You should be lying face down, with arms

outstretched.

(c) You should be lying face down let arms

stretch out.

(d) Let face be down ;let arms be stretched out.

19. The Greeks expected to win the international

trophy.

(a) It was expected that the Greeks would win

the international trophy.

(b) It was expected that the trophy was to be

won by the Greeks.

(c) It was expected that the Greeks will be win

the international trophy.

(d) It was expected by the Greeks that they

would win the international trophy.

20. When he left school, the text books were put

aside by him and were never reopened.

(a) When he left school, the text books were put

aside by him and were never reopened.

(b) He put aside his textbooks when he left

school and never reopened them.

(c) He put aside his textbooks when he left

school and were reopened by him.

(d) He put aside his textbooks as he left school

and never reopened them.

ANSWER

1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (a) (c) 4.(c) 5. (a)

6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (c)

11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (b)

16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (d) 19. (a) 20. (a)

71

ANSWER WITH EXPLANAITON

1. trick 6. active ‘paint the door’ order gS blfy,passive = ‘let + object + be + painted’

2. trick 2. active ‘is teaching’ = passive ‘are + being

+ pp’

3. modal verb ‘cannot expect’ active gS blfy, passive

= ‘cannot be expected’

4. active ‘did she’ simple past gS blfy, passive =

was + done’

5. active were laughing gS blfy, = passive was being + pp

6. admonished gS blfy, = was + pp

7. can send active gS blfy, passive = ‘can be sent’

8. saved smple past gS blfy, passive = ‘were saved’

9. ‘found’ simple past gS blfy, passive = was found

10. modal verb ‘will be taken’ passive gS blfy, active

= will take

11. ‘forced’ simple past gS blfy, passive = was forceed

12. modal verb ‘would have written’ active gS blfy,passive = ‘would have been written’

13. have made present perfect active gS blfy, passive

= has been made

14. modal verb ‘could not move’ active gS blfy,passive = ‘could not be moved’

15. active ‘why did’ simple past gS blfy, passive =

‘why were deprived’

17. passive ‘was spoken’ simple past gS blfy, = did

not speak

18. let + object+ basice form = let + object+ be +pp

19. active ‘expected’ simple past gS blfy, passive =

‘was expected’

20. ‘were put aside’ rFkk ‘were reopened’ passive esa gSblfy, active = ‘put aside’ and ‘reopened’

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