Engineering the InternetEngineering the Internet

Kelly M. ShepardKelly M. Shepard

Carnegie School, CPSCarnegie School, CPS

IIT Research Mentor: Dr. Tricha IIT Research Mentor: Dr. Tricha AnjaliAnjali

TechnologyTechnology

• What does the word “technology” mean?What does the word “technology” mean?

• Write a sentence or 2 that defines the Write a sentence or 2 that defines the word “technology”.word “technology”.

• Draw an example of a kind of technology.Draw an example of a kind of technology.

• Draw an object that is Draw an object that is notnot an example of an example of technology.technology.

• Complete the “What is Technology?” Complete the “What is Technology?” worksheet.worksheet.

EngineeringEngineering• Draw an engineer and write a caption for Draw an engineer and write a caption for

your drawing.your drawing.

• Think of as many types of engineers as Think of as many types of engineers as you can and write a list.you can and write a list.

• Discuss the engineering “Options” Discuss the engineering “Options” handout.handout.

• What do engineers have in common?What do engineers have in common?

• Complete the “What is an Engineer?” Complete the “What is an Engineer?” worksheet. worksheet.

• Which type of engineer appeals to you? Which type of engineer appeals to you? Why?Why?

Engineers At WorkEngineers At Work

• These Discovery Channel videos These Discovery Channel videos show engineers at work.show engineers at work.

•Elevator Technology (2 mins, 35 (2 mins, 35 secs)secs)

•Built to Sway (2 mins, 55 secs)(2 mins, 55 secs)

Surf The WebSurf The Web• Distribute index cards to most students, leaving Distribute index cards to most students, leaving

3 or 4 students without cards.3 or 4 students without cards.

• These 3 or 4 students will represent websites These 3 or 4 students will represent websites (dictionary.com, wikipedia, etc.) and will be (dictionary.com, wikipedia, etc.) and will be given a list or words and meanings.given a list or words and meanings.

• Students will walk around to find their card’s Students will walk around to find their card’s match.match.

• If a student needs to access a website for If a student needs to access a website for information, they may only ask “yes” or “no” information, they may only ask “yes” or “no” questions.questions.

• Students cannot ask websites “Are we correctly Students cannot ask websites “Are we correctly paired?” but are encouraged to ask probing paired?” but are encouraged to ask probing questions that support the formulation of questions that support the formulation of accurate conclusions through reasoning. accurate conclusions through reasoning.

World Wide WebWorld Wide Web• Students will function as parts of the Internet.Students will function as parts of the Internet.• PCs will be given question cards. Protocol is to send PCs will be given question cards. Protocol is to send

information to and receive information from the front.information to and receive information from the front.• Links pass information between nodes. Protocol is to Links pass information between nodes. Protocol is to

send information to and receive information from the send information to and receive information from the components in front or behind.components in front or behind.

• Routers (S) direct information toward links. Protocol is Routers (S) direct information toward links. Protocol is to receive information from all directions and “stack” to receive information from all directions and “stack” cards.cards.

• Routers (Q) direct information toward links. Protocol is Routers (Q) direct information toward links. Protocol is to service links on their left and right, and “queue” to service links on their left and right, and “queue” cards.cards.

• Websites hold answer cards and pass them clipped to Websites hold answer cards and pass them clipped to their correct questions. (History.com-left, their correct questions. (History.com-left, Vocabulary.com-right, Engineers.com-front, Vocabulary.com-right, Engineers.com-front, Ethics.com-back)Ethics.com-back)

ElectromagnetsElectromagnets

• What is an electromagnet?What is an electromagnet?A temporary magnetic field that occurs around an object when an electric current flows through that object.

• What is a magnet?What is a magnet?A conductor that attracts objects made of steel or iron. Magnets have 2 poles (north and south) and store permanent magnetic fields.

Work with a partner to construct an electromagnet with the materialsyou’ve been given. Which independent variables can you manipulate?How will your independent variables effect your dependent variable?Test your magnet by picking up paper clips. How many paper clips canyou pick up? SAFETY FIRST!

• Can you make an Can you make an electromagnet?electromagnet?

Electromagnets ExplainedElectromagnets Explained• An electromagnet starts with a battery and a wire. The An electromagnet starts with a battery and a wire. The

battery produces electrons that flow through the wire.battery produces electrons that flow through the wire.

• Batteries have two terminals: positive (marked “+”) and Batteries have two terminals: positive (marked “+”) and negative (marked “–”). Electrons collect at the negative negative (marked “–”). Electrons collect at the negative terminal of the battery and flow to the positive terminal terminal of the battery and flow to the positive terminal through a wire.through a wire.• If you attach a wire directly between the positive and If you attach a wire directly between the positive and negative terminals of a battery the electrons will flow from negative terminals of a battery the electrons will flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal as fast as they the negative terminal to the positive terminal as fast as they can and the battery will drain in minutes. For that reason, can and the battery will drain in minutes. For that reason, it’s not a good idea to connect the two terminals of a battery it’s not a good idea to connect the two terminals of a battery to one directly. Usually, some kind of load (motor, bulb, etc.) to one directly. Usually, some kind of load (motor, bulb, etc.) is connected in the middle of the wire so the electrons can is connected in the middle of the wire so the electrons can be used.be used.• A small magnetic field is generated in the wire when it is A small magnetic field is generated in the wire when it is attached to a battery. It is this small magnetic field that is attached to a battery. It is this small magnetic field that is the basis of an electromagnet.the basis of an electromagnet.

Source: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/electromagnet2.htmSource: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/electromagnet2.htm

EthicsEthics

• Morally permissible behaviors that each Morally permissible behaviors that each member of a group wants everyone, member of a group wants everyone, including themselves, to follow.including themselves, to follow.

• Discuss “A Format for Ethical Decision Discuss “A Format for Ethical Decision Making”.Making”.

• Discuss ethical issues surrounding the Discuss ethical issues surrounding the development and use of the Internet. development and use of the Internet.

Internet HistoryInternet History• 1959: In response to the U.S.S.R. launch of Sputnik, 1959: In response to the U.S.S.R. launch of Sputnik,

first artificial earth satellite, the U.S. forms the first artificial earth satellite, the U.S. forms the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within the Department of Defense (DoD) to establish a U.S. lead Department of Defense (DoD) to establish a U.S. lead in science and technology applicable to the military.in science and technology applicable to the military.

• 1966: Larry Roberts, MIT: "Towards a 1966: Larry Roberts, MIT: "Towards a Cooperative Network of Time-Shared Computers“ Cooperative Network of Time-Shared Computers“ was the first ARPAnet plan.was the first ARPAnet plan.

• 1968: Advanced Research Projects Agency 1968: Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) mails out 140 Requests for Proposals to (ARPA) mails out 140 Requests for Proposals to prospective contractors to build the first 4 prospective contractors to build the first 4 Interface Messaging Processors.Interface Messaging Processors.

Internet HistoryInternet History19691969

• Designed for research, education, and Designed for research, education, and government organizations, ARPAnet provides a government organizations, ARPAnet provides a communications network linking the country in communications network linking the country in the event that a military attack destroys the event that a military attack destroys conventional communications systems.conventional communications systems.• First ARPAnet nodes were UCLA, Stanford First ARPAnet nodes were UCLA, Stanford Research Institute (SRI), UCSB, and University of Research Institute (SRI), UCSB, and University of Utah. Utah.

• First node-to-node message sent between UCLA First node-to-node message sent between UCLA and SRI.and SRI.

• First ARPAnet crash.First ARPAnet crash.

Internet HistoryInternet History• 1969:1969: ARPA goes online in December, ARPA goes online in December,

connecting four major U.S. universities. connecting four major U.S. universities.

#1 UCLA

#3 UCSB

#2 SRI

#4

U of Utah

Sources: http://www.sri.com/about/timeline/arpanet.html

http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0193167.html http://www.pbs.org/opb/nerds2.0.1/timeline/70s.html

Internet HistoryInternet History

• 1972:1972: Electronic mail is introduced by Ray Electronic mail is introduced by Ray Tomlinson, a Cambridge, Mass., computer Tomlinson, a Cambridge, Mass., computer scientist. He uses the @ to distinguish between scientist. He uses the @ to distinguish between the sender's name and network name in the the sender's name and network name in the email address.email address.

• 1973:1973: Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is designed and in 1983 it Protocol (TCP/IP) is designed and in 1983 it becomes the standard for communicating becomes the standard for communicating between computers over the Internet.between computers over the Internet.

• 19821982: The word “Internet” is used for the first : The word “Internet” is used for the first time.time.

Internet HistoryInternet History

• 19891989: The World (world.std.com) debuts as the : The World (world.std.com) debuts as the first provider of dial-up Internet access for first provider of dial-up Internet access for consumers. Tim Berners-Lee of CERN (European consumers. Tim Berners-Lee of CERN (European Laboratory for Particle Physics) develops a new Laboratory for Particle Physics) develops a new technique for distributing information on the technique for distributing information on the

Internet. He calls it the World Wide Web.Internet. He calls it the World Wide Web.

• 1991: 1991: Gopher, which provides point-and-click Gopher, which provides point-and-click navigation, is created at the University of Minnesota navigation, is created at the University of Minnesota and named after the school mascot. Gopher becomes and named after the school mascot. Gopher becomes the most popular interface for several years. the most popular interface for several years.

Internet HistoryInternet History

• 19981998: Google opens its first office, in California.: Google opens its first office, in California.

• 20012001: Napster is dealt a potentially fatal blow : Napster is dealt a potentially fatal blow when the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San when the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco rules that the company is violating Francisco rules that the company is violating copyright laws and orders it to stop distributing copyright laws and orders it to stop distributing copyrighted music. Wikipedia is created.copyrighted music. Wikipedia is created.

• 20032003: Apple Computer introduces Apple iTunes Music : Apple Computer introduces Apple iTunes Music Store, which allows people to download songs for 99 Store, which allows people to download songs for 99 cents each. Spam, unsolicited email, becomes a server-cents each. Spam, unsolicited email, becomes a server-clogging menace. It accounts for about half of all emails.clogging menace. It accounts for about half of all emails.

• 20052005: YouTube.com is launched.: YouTube.com is launched.