engaging involuntary attention through planting …...engaging involuntary attention through...
TRANSCRIPT
EngagingInvoluntary Attention
through Planting Designof American Botanic Gardens
Caleb MelchiorCandidate for Master of Landscape Architecture
Landscape Affordances NetworkMajor Professor Mary Catherine Kingery-Page
Department of Landscape ArchitectureCollege of Architecture, Planning, and Design
Kansas State University
TIMES SQUARE, NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK, USA
imag
e sou
rce: C
onno
lly, R
andy
. 201
1. Tim
es Sq
uare.
http
://ww
w.fli
ckr.c
om/p
hoto
s/ran
dyco
nnoll
y/65
9604
1739
/.
INVOLUNTARYnondirected miltisensual awareness, offering a wide range of possibilities for responsive action(Berman, Jones, Kaplan 2008, 1207; Kaplan & Kaplan 1995)
DIRECTEDcognitive awareness, usually offering a limited range of posibilities for responsive action (Berman, Jones, Kaplan 2008, 1207; Kaplan & Kaplan 1995)
TYPES OF ATTENTION
Today, we lack rich,
embodied knowledge of the world around us (Pallasmaa 2011).Urban forester Gustavvsson describes our situation as a
“culture of headlines instead of an honest belonging to knowledge” (Gustavsson 2005).In order to understand how to physically design to cultivate deep understanding,it is essential to understand how physical environments capture attention.
centers of knowledgemediating relationships between humans and plants (Monem & Craig 2007, Hohn 2008, Rakow & Lee 2011). Their functions include
acquiring preserving researching interpreting collections of living plants in designated places (Hohn 2008). These places provide
experiences that:
BOTANIC GARDENS
PROVIDE PLEASUREIMPART KNOWLEDGE
CONDITIONAL BETRAYAL BOTANIC GARDENS HAVE ATTEMPTED TO IMPART KNOWLEDGE BY CAPTURING DIRECTED ATTENTION
SUCH ATTEMPTS FAIL WITHOUT ENGAGING INVOLUNTARY ATTENTION
imag
e sou
rce: K
reus
sling
, Chr
is. 20
09. W
icked
Plan
ts To
ur at
Broo
klyn B
otan
ic Ga
rden
. http
://ww
w.fli
ckr.c
om/
phot
os/fl
atbu
shga
rden
er/3
7566
7544
0/.
RESEARCH QUESTION
How can the planting design of a botanic garden instigate involuntary attention, creating conditions for affective experiences?
FRAMEWORK DEVELOPMENT
APPLICATION TO DESIGN
PRECEDENT STUDY
LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPMAN BOTANICAL
GARDENAPALACHICOLA, FL
THE MEADOW KANSAS STATE
UNIVERSITYMANHATTAN, KS
METHODS FOR UNDERSTANDING
EXTENT BEING AWAY FASCINATION COMPATIBILITY
INFORMED BY LITERATURE REVIEW
PRECEDENT STUDIES
INFORMED BY PRECEDENT
STUDY
By focusing on the lowest common denominators of landscape experience, the study hopes to achieve a resulting framework that allows for wide applicability to gardens that will realize a wide variety of concepts and appeal to a wide variety of audiences.
DEFINE CONDITIONS THROUGH LITERATURE REVIEW
EXTENT BEING AWAY FASCINATION COMPATIBILITY
CHARLES JENCKS: Garden of Cosmic Speculation
GILLES CLEMENT: Serial Gardens, Parc Andre Citroen
PIET OUDOLF: Lurie Garden, Millennium Park
OEHME VAN SWEDEN: Native Plant Garden, New York Botanical GardenHITCHMOUGH, DUNNETT & PRICE: London Olympic Park PlantingsDARRELL MORRISON: Native Flora Garden, Brooklyn Botanic Garden
INFO
RMED
BY
PREC
EDEN
T ST
UD
Y
INFORMED BY PRECEDENT
STUDY
Contemporary planting design fights for attention in a technologically-saturated society.Planting design’s value has often been minimized,causing current practitioners toseek new waysto capture the visitor’s attention.
EXTRACTING PHYSICAL DESIGN STRATEGIES
ADAPTED FROM NOEL KINGSBURY’S MODEL OF CONTEMPORARY NATURALISTIC PLANTING DESIGN OVERVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY NATURALISTIC PLANTING
PIET OUDOLFLurie GardenMillennium ParkChicago, Illinois
GILLES CLEMENTSerial GardensParc Andre CitroenParis, France
CHARLES JENCKSGarden of Cosmic CirculationDumfries, Scotland
FORMALISM MASS PLANTING INFORMAL PLANTING
imag
e sou
rce: E
linor.
2008
. The
Gar
den o
f Cos
mic
Spec
ulatio
n. ht
tp://
www.
flick
r.com
/pho
tos/
elino
rp/4
2219
7888
4/.
imag
e sou
rce: N
ieuwe
ndijk
, Stij
n. 20
13. P
arc A
ndré
Citro
ën. h
ttp://
www.
flick
r.com
/pho
tos/
stijn
nieuw
endij
k/92
5937
5966
/.
ADAPTED FROM NOEL KINGSBURY’S MODEL OF CONTEMPORARY NATURALISTIC PLANTING DESIGN OVERVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY NATURALISTIC PLANTING
DARRELL MORRISONNative Flora GardenBrooklyn Botannic GardenBrooklyn, New York
HITCHMOUGH, DUNNET & PRICE2012 London Olymic Park PlantingsLondon, England
OEHME VAN SWEDENNative Plant GardenNew York Botanical GardenNew York City, New York
STYLIZED NATURE BIOTOPE PLANTING HABITAT RESTORATION
imag
e sou
rce: L
aura
W. 2
013.
New
Nativ
e Plan
t Gar
den a
t NYB
G. ht
tp://
www.
hvga
rden
journ
al.co
m/2
013/
05/2
2/ne
w-na
tive-
plant
-gar
den-
at-n
ybg/
.
imag
e sou
rce: C
enta
urs,
Scor
pions
and.
2012
. Wild
Flow
ers a
nd th
e Olym
pic St
adium
. http
://ww
w.fli
ckr.c
om/p
hoto
s/ssh
b/79
5486
9146
/.
imag
e sou
rce: a
louch
a. 20
11. N
ative
Flor
a Sun
set (
June
1, 20
11).
http
://ww
w.fli
ckr.c
om/
phot
os/a
louch
a/57
9832
5619
/
Critical drawing offers the possibility of getting to know the proposed design at both a cognitive and kinesthetic level (Dutoit 2008, Treib 2008, Dee 2012).
Critical drawings for each project will consist of a plan and three sections.
CRITICAL DRAWING TO UNDERSTAND & EXTRACT
Critical Drawingcolored pencil drawing based on planting plan by Piet Oudolf published in Piet Oudolf: Landscapes in Landscapes.Oudolf and Kingsbury 2011.
Planting Plan: Nantucket Section X.06published in Piet Oudolf: Landscapes in Landscapes.Oudolf and Kingsbury 2011.
EXTENT BEING AWAY FASCINATION COMPATIBILITY
CHARLES JENCKS: Garden of Cosmic Speculation
GILLES CLEMENT: Serial Gardens, Parc Andre Citroen
PIET OUDOLF: Lurie Garden, Millennium Park
OEHME VAN SWEDEN: Native Plant Garden, New York Botanical GardenHITCHMOUGH, DUNNETT & PRICE: London Olympic Park PlantingsDARRELL MORRISON: Native Flora Garden, Brooklyn Botanic Garden
INFO
RMED
BY
PREC
EDEN
T ST
UD
Y
INFORMED BY PRECEDENT
STUDY
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
•INFORMING NEW PLANTING DESIGN
•OFFERING INCREMENTAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
•EVALUATION OF EXISTING SITES
FRAMEWORK FOR DESIGN
REDESIGN: CHAPMAN BOTANICAL GARDEN
APALACHICOLA, FLORIDAChapman Botanical Garden is intended to memorialize a Florida botanist, Dr Alvin Wentworth Chapman (Cox 2010). Today, however, the site (approximately 10 acres) is barely a fitting tribute. It fails to support pleasurable human experience. The process for inquiry through design of Chapman Botanical Garden will involve contextual and site research, compilation of base maps, programming, and planting design development.
SITUATING CHAPMAN BOTANICAL GARDEN
Western Florida is home to many National Forests and other sensitive natural habitats, many of these strictly limit public access. Chapman Botanical Garden offers the potential to trigger mindful human involvement with landscape in an area that has deep ecological and social needs. Chapman Botanical Garden could be a highly utilized resource for both residents of the Apalachicola region and tourists who come to enjoy the beauty of the west Florida coast.
THE MEADOW
EVALUATING EXISTING PLANTING & INFORMING INCREMENTAL DESIGN• PARTICIPATE IN ADDITIONAL PLANT SELECTION AND PLANT PLACEMENT
• CREATE GRAPHICS FOR A TOUCHTABLE INSIDE BEACH MUSEUM TO AUGMENT MUSEUM EXPERIENCE
• CREATE INTERPRETIVE SIGNAGE TO AUGMENT INVOLUNTARY ATTENTION WITH DIRECTED ATTENTION
How can the planting design of a botanic garden instigate involuntary attention, creating conditions for affective experiences?
PRECEDENT STUDIES
FRAMEWORKDEVELOPMENT
LITERATUREREVIEW
DESIGN APPLICATION
LANDSCAPE AFFORDANCES NETWORK MAJOR PROFESSOR MARY-CATHERINE KINGERY-PAGE
JAMES HITCHMOUGH, UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD
for more about Calebwww.calebmelchior.weebly.com
mail409 PCR 316Perryville, MO 63775
instagram@onlythehellebored
pinterestcalebmelchior
unless attributed otherwise,all images are by author
THANKS!
Ballantyne, Roy, Jan Packer, and Karen Hughes. 2008. “Environmental Awareness, Interests and Motives of Botanic Gardens Visitors: Implications for Interpretive Practice.” Tourism Management 29 (3) (June): 439–444. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2007.05.006.
Berman, Marc G., John Jonides, and Stephen Kaplan. 2008. “The Cognitive Benefits of Interacting With Nature.” Psychological Science 19 (12) (December 1): 1207–1212. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02225.x.
Chan, Kai M.A., Terre Satterfield, and Joshua Goldstein. 2012. “Rethinking Ecosystem Services to Better Address and Navigate Cultural Values.” Ecological Economics 74 (February): 8–18. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.11.011.
Connell, Joanne, and Denny Meyer. 2004. “Modelling the Visitor Experience in the Gardens of Great Britain.” Current Issues in Tourism 7 (3): 183–216. doi:10.1080/13683500408667979.
Corner, James. 2008. “The Hengchun Tropical Botanical Gardens, Taiwan.” Topos: European Landscape Magazine.
Cox, Dale. 2010. “Chapman Botanical Garden - -Apalachicola, Florida.” Explore Southern History.com. http://www.exploresouthernhistory.com/chapmangarden.html.
Cronon, William. 1995. Uncommon Ground: Toward Reinventing Nature. 1st ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.
Dee, Catherine. 2008. “Plus and Minus: Critical Drawing for Landscape Design.” In Drawing/thinking Confronting an Electronic Age, 60–71. London; New York: Routledge. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=511849.
———. 2012. To Design Landscape Art, Nature & Utility. London; New York: Routledge. http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com/detail.asp?ID=383341.
Designing in the Prairie Spirit: A Conversation with Darrel Morrison. 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WYAdTQIU110&feature=youtube_gdata_player.
Dunnett, Nigel, Wolfram Kircher, and Noel Kingsbury. 2004. “Communicating Naturalistic Plantings: Plans and Specifications.” In The Dynamic Landscape: Design, Ecology and Management of Naturalistic Urban Planting, 244–255. London ; New York: Spon Press.
Dutoit, Allison. 2008. “Looking as Inquiry: Drawing the Implied Urban Realm.” In Drawing/thinking Confronting an Electronic Age, 148–159. London; New York: Routledge. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=511849.
ECSite: European Network of Science Centres and Museums. 2006. “The Impact of Science & Discovery Centres: A Review of Worldwide Studies.”
Edwards, I. Darwin. 2000. “Education by Stealth: The Subtle Art of Educating People Who Didn’t Come to Learn.” Roots 20 (July): 37–40.
Filor, Seamus. 2004. “Parc Andre Citroen.” Urbane Landscaftsarchitektur Als Aufgabe: 179–181.
Gibson, James J. 1979. The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Gough, Meghan Z., and John Accordino. 2011. “The Role of Public Gardens in Sustainable Community Development.” In , 79. Association of Public Gardens (APGA). http://publicgardens.org/files/files/Sustainable%20Communities%202011.pdf.
Gurian, Elaine Heumann. 2004. “What Is the Object of This Exercise? A Meandering Exploration of the Many Meanings of Objects in Museums.” In Reinventing the Museum: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on the Paradigm Shift, edited by Gail Anderson, 269–283. Walnut Creek, Calif.: AltaMira Press.
Gustavsson, Roland, Martin Hermy, C.C. Konijnendijk, and Anne Steidle-Schwahn. 2005. “Management of Urban Woodland and Parks - Searching for Creative and Sustainable Concepts.” In Urban Forests and Trees: a Reference Book, edited by C. C. Konijnendijk, 369–397. Berlin: Springer.
Herzog, Thomas R., Colleen, P. Maguire, and Mary B. Nebel. 2003. “Assessing the Restorative Components of Environments.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 23 (2) (June): 159–170. doi:10.1016/S0272-4944(02)00113-5.
Hitchmough, James. 2008. “New Approaches to Ecologically Based, Designed
Urban Plant Communities in Britain: Do These Have Any Relevance in the United States?” Cities and the Environment (CATE) 1 (2) (November 20). http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cate/vol1/iss2/10.
Hitchmough, James, and Nigel Dunnett. 2013. “Design and Planting Strategy in the Olympic Park, London.” Topos: European Landscape Magazine.
Hohn, Timothy C. 2008. Curatorial Practices for Botanical Gardens. Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press.
Hunt, John Dixon. 2008. Nature over Again: The Garden Art of Ian Hamilton Finlay. London: Reaktion.
Ingold, Tim. 2000. The Perception of the Environment: Essays on Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill. London ; New York: Routledge.
Jencks, Charles. 2003. The Garden of Cosmic Speculation. London: Frances Lincoln.Johnson, Nuala Christina. 2011. Nature Displaced, Nature Displayed: Order and
Beauty in Botanical Gardens. Tauris Historical Geography Series 7. London ; New York: I.B. Tauris.
Jones, Louisa, and Clive Nichols. 2012. Mediterranean Landscape Design: Vernacular Contemporary. London; New York: Thames & Hudson.
Kaplan, Rachel, and Stephen Kaplan. 1989. The Experience of Nature: a Psychological Perspective. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.
Kingsbury, Noël. 2004. “Contemporary Overview of Naturalistic Planting Design.” In The Dynamic Landscape: Design, Ecology and Management of Naturalistic Urban Planting, edited by Nigel Dunnett and James Hitchmough, 58–96. London ; New York: Spon Press.
Marris, Emma. 2013. Rambunctious Garden: Saving Nature in a Post-wild World.McLuhan, Marshall. 1967. The Medium Is the Message. New York: Bantam Books.Monem, Nadine Käthe, and Blanche Craig, ed. 2007. Botanic Gardens: a Living
History. London: Black Dog.Nassauer, Joan Iverson. 1995. “Messy Ecosystems, Orderly Frames.” Landscape
Journal 14 (2) (September 21): 161–170. doi:10.3368/lj.14.2.161.New York Botanical Garden. 2012. Native Plant Garden Video. http://vimeo.
com/51244678.Olin, Laurie. 2008. “More Than Wriggling Your Wrist (or Your Mouse): Thinking,
Seeing, Drawing.” In Drawing/thinking Confronting an Electronic Age, 82–99. London; New York: Routledge. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=511849.
Oudolf, Piet. 2011. Piet Oudolf: Landscapes in Landscapes. London: Thames & Hudson.
Oudolf, Piet, and Noël Kingsbury. 2013. Planting: a New Perspective. 1st ed. Portland, Or: Timber Press.
Packer, Jan. 2013. “Visitors’ Restorative Experiences in Museum and Botanic Garden Environments.” In Tourist Experience and Fulfilment: Insights from Positive Psychology, edited by Sebastian Filep and Philip Pearce, 202–213. Routledge.
Pallasmaa, Juhani. 2011. “Selfhood and the World: Lived Space, Vision, and Hapticity.” In Senses and the City an Interdisciplinary Approach to Urban Sensescapes, 49–62. Wien; Berlin; Münster: Lit.
Pyle, Robert Michael. 2003. “Nature Matrix: Reconnecting People and Nature.” Oryx 37 (02): 206–214. doi:10.1017/S0030605303000383.
Rakow, Donald Andrew, and Sharon A Lee. 2011. Public Garden Management. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
Roberts, Lisa C. 2004. “Changing Practices of Interpretation.” In Reinventing the Museum: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on the Paradigm Shift, edited by Gail Anderson, 212–232. Walnut Creek, Calif.: AltaMira Press.
Rocca, Alessandro. 2008. Planetary Gardens: The Landscape Architecture of Gilles Clément. Basel; Boston: Birkhäuser.
Schmidt, Sarah. 2013. “Native Flora Garden Expansion: A Link to Our Natural History.” Brooklyn Botanic Garden. February 28. http://www.bbg.org/news/native_flora_garden_expansion.
Tilley, Christopher Y. 2004. The Materiality of Stone: Explorations in Landscape Phenomenology 1. Oxford ; New York: Berg.
Treib, Marc. 2008. “Paper or Plastic? Five Thoughts on the Subject of Drawing.” In Drawing/thinking Confronting an Electronic Age, 12–27.
London; New York: Routledge. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=511849.
WORKS CITED