eng geo synop by lofar group

8/3/2019 Eng Geo Synop by Lofar Group

1/4

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad

Department of Earthsciences

Synopsis of

Evaluation of Surface Water Resources and Sediment

Load in Swat Kohistan North Pakistan

Submitted by

Anees Ahmad

Farman Ali

Saad Irshad

Usman AliMama

Submitted To: Dr. M.A Sabir


2/4

Introduction:

Theres no doubt that water is important. Not only do we humans use it just about every

day, but every living thing needs it to live. It has helped form the Earth as we know it,

and it covers over 70% of the Earth. Even where there is land, much of it is covered in

ice, which is obviously just solid water. The importance of water is clear to us in many

ways, and we cant overlook it.For an agrarian country like Pakistan whose economy is

strongly dependent on agricultural and also spends a major part of its financial resources

can not be ignored. And because of the severe shortage of irrigation water and annual

distruction by floods during the last few years, the economy of Pakistan has been affected

very badly. This led our planners to think of constructing more dams and reservoirs,

which unfortunately have been ignored during the last three decades. Construction of

major dams on the swat river and its tributaries would require a thorough understanding

the hydro-meterological charcteristics of the respective catchments. The present study

was therefore design to evaluate the water resources and suspended sediments load ofSwat-Kohistan- a very important region of Pakistan in the context of both irrigation for

agriculture and power Production.

Swat river in northern Pakistan, formed by the junction of the Gabrial and Ushu rivers at

Kalam in the Kohistan region. Fed by melting snow and glaciers and receiving the

drainage of the entire Swt River valley, the river flows southward, then westward, until

joined by the Panjkora River. The united stream then flows southwestward into the

Peshawar Plain and joins the Kabul River at Nisatta after a 320-kilometre course. The

total length of the River is 250 kilometers from Kalam to River Kabul near Charsadda.

Many large and small tributaries like Batal, Karanduky, Daral, Chail, Barwai, Arnowaiand Jambil and Marghazar streams join the river along its course. A number of streams in

the lower Swat, Swat Ranrizai and Adinzai also contribute to the river.

River Swat flows with a higher speed in a narrow gorge with an average width of 35-

40m, from Kalam to Madyan. Downstream the river may spreads up to 400m.There is a

single high flow season from May to August. The variation in the wet season flow' and

the winter flow' is striking. A rapid rise in temperature may increase the flow of the river

due to melting snow on the mountains. Before joining River Kabul it drains about 14,000

square kilometers area up to Munda Headworks. The drain area comprises rugged

mountains varying in heights from 600m to more than 6,000m with a steady general rise

from south to north. The bed slopes of the river vary from 21m/km at Kalam to 4m/km at

Munda Headwork. Two main canals, Upper Swat and Lower Swat canal have been dug

out during the last century for irrigation of Peshawar valley plains south of Malakand

pass and for power generation at Jabanr and Dargai.
http://importanceofwater.org/29/the-importance-of-water/http://importanceofwater.org/29/the-importance-of-water/


3/4

Literature Review:

Inventory studies in the northern mountainous area of Pakistan including Khybar-

Pukhtoonkhwa, northern areas as well as on barrages and canal-falls in the irrigation

systems of low-lying areas of the country have revealed hydro-power potential at morethan one hundred individual sites.

In order to collect surface water data required for its various projects and general

investigations, WAPDA established its surface water circle in 1960 which was designated

as Surface Water Hydrology Project (SWHP) in 1966. The SWHP has been publishing its

data in the form of annual report for last several years. The report shows river discharge,

suspended sediment concentration, chemical analysis and water temperatures regarding

several important rivers of Pakistan. One of the reports published in 1997 shows a value

of 1.33 m.s.t for the Swat river at Chakdara (WAPDA, 1997).

Rehman et al. (1997) have reviewed discharge characteristics and suspended load of the

northern Indus Basin and concluded that,

Most rivers of the area shows highest discharge during July The summer to total ratio for most of the northern rivers is > 80 % Swat River has the lowest sediment load in the region.

Sabir (1996) and Rehman et al (1997) studied ten rivers of KPK including Indus and

Swat rivers. They concluded that the quantity of the suspended sediment is greatest

during spring followed by summer and then by winters. They also conclude that Swat

River was found the least turbid river of the area throughout the year.So far 13 feasibility studies have been prepared in the public sector and are being offered

to the private sector for setting up power plants. A number of projects were initiated by

the government of KPK and letters of support (LOS) were issued under the government

of Pakistan policy frame-work of 1994-1995. However, no concrete results were

achieved. Only three of these projects stand allocated to private investors but their fate is

unknown.

There are three in Swat district and some other projects available in KPK for early

issuance of request for proposals (RFP) to invite investor under international competitive

bidding (ICB) for implementation as their feasibility studies are readily available.

The locations are:1. Daral Khwar near Bahrain, Swat District . 35 MW2. Batal Khwar near Utror, Swat District 8 MW3. Khan Khwar near Besham, Swat District.. 72 MW4. Golen near Kaghozi, Chitral Disrict100 MW5. Summar Gah upstream of Dassu, Kohistan District..28 MW


4/4

An integrated transmission study has been carried out to transport the energy into the

National Grid whilst costs are to be borne by the respective projects.

Methodology:

All the data is collected from Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA)Pakistan. Data is taken from Surface Water Hydrology Project (SWHP) under WAPDASunny View Lahore, Punjab through several visits. It includes the discharge, sediment

load, water chemistry and meteorology of the river Swat and its tributaries including

Daral, Ushu, Gabral Batal from 2001-2010.

Objectives:

The objective of the study is to evaluate surface water resources and sediment load inSwat Kohistan, North Pakistan.

References:

Rehman, S.S., Sabir, M.A. & Khan, J., 1997. Discharge characteristics and suspended

load from river of northern Indus basin, Pakistan. Geol. Bull. Univ. Pesh., 30,325-336.

Sabir M.A., 1996. Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of the suspended sediments fromRivers of NWFP. Un Pub. Thesis. NCE in Geology, Univ. of Peshawar.

G.M. Ilias, Javed Rashid., 1998. Feasibility studies ready for involvement of private

investment under 1998 power policy. Paper no. 221.

http://www.valleyswat.net/suvastu.html

**************
http://www.valleyswat.net/suvastu.htmlhttp://www.valleyswat.net/suvastu.htmlhttp://www.valleyswat.net/suvastu.html

eng geo synop by lofar group

Documents