Energy Use in Ontario Homes

Samveg Saxena

Under the Supervision of

Dr. Kamiel GabrielFaculty of Engineering & Applied Science

Overview

• Effective conservation

• Ontario energy outlook

• Understanding energy in homes

• Home energy simulation

Conservation

1. Generate awareness

2. Present incentives

3. Provide the tools and expertise

4. Implement measures of conservation

Goal:

Understand energy usage in a home to

identify effective areas of conservation

Steps of an Effective Conservation Program

Energy Outlook

• Current generating capacity around 26,555 MW available

• All-time peak demand of 26,160 MW

• Extreme weather peaks: 26,931 MW

• Ontario is already facing a supply shortfall

Background

Energy Outlook

Ontario's Electricity Generation Mix

Oil/Gas, 4976 MW Coal,

6434 MW

Nuclear, 10882 MW

Miscellaneous, 66 MWHydroelectric,

7756 MW

Distribution of Generation

Data Source: “10 Year Outlook: An Assessment of the Adequacy of Generation & Transmission Facilitiesto Meet Future Electricity Needs in Ontario” – Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO)

Energy Outlook

• In the midst of a shortfall we are removing 6,434 MW of capacity from coal-fired GS

• Coal replacement plan only provides for 3,338 MW of new capacity

• Net difference Loosing 3,096 MW

• Demand expected to rise by 0.9% per year

Energy shortage

Energy OutlookEnergy Forecast

Source: “10 Year Outlook: An Assessment of the Adequacy of Generation & Transmission Facilitiesto Meet Future Electricity Needs in Ontario” – Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO)

Replacing Coal

• Effective at managing supply curve to match demand curves

• Units can be quickly started and stopped based on demand

The Advantages of Coal

Replacing Coal

• Build new generating stations that can quickly respond to high and low demands

• Implement means of demand-side management to shift peak demand to off-peak hours

Coal Replacement Options

Challenges

• Urgent need for additional generating capacity

• Major generation (ie. Nuclear or major hydro) can take up to 10 years to build

• Require IMMEDIATE decisions for creation of additional supply

• Require significant conservation efforts

New Generating Stations

Energy in Homes

• Home can be considered a control volume

Background

Energy In:- Conduction- Convection- Radiation

- Mass transport- Electricity

- Natural gas

Energy Out:- Conduction- Convection- Radiation

- Mass transport- Appliances

• Energy flow can be simulated through extensive computational analysis

Energy in Homes

• Heat transfer- Conduction - Convection -

Radiation

• Electricity usage (Power × time)

• Mass transport (measured in AC/h)

• Gas/oil, etc (mass flow × energy/kg)

cond

TQ kA

L

Energy Transfer

conv s sQ hA T T 4 4rad s s surrQ A T T

Energy in Homes

• Initial goal of project was to simulate energy flow through a home

• Literature survey revealed simulation tools already exist– Natural Resources Canada Buildings Group– CANMET Energy Technology Center

Literature Survey

Conclusion

• Ontario grid is already strained

• Significant challenges in upcoming years

• Advanced simulation tools exist to understand energy usage in a home

• Significant conservation efforts will be required to ensure grid-stability