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Energy Technology(170505)

ANINTRODUCTION

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What is enegry..??

• Capacity of doing work at certain Rate (Power X Duration)

• Energy can neither be created nor consumed or destroyed. Total energy of the universe remains constant

• Energy, however may be converted or transferred to different forms

• 1 kWh (kilowatt hour) = 3,600,000 Joule

• Everything what happens around is the expression of flow of energy in one of its forms.

• Energy is an important input in all sectors of any country’s economy.

• Present Energy Crisis scenario due to :

• Population of world has increased.

• Standard of living of human beings has increased.

Energy

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It is the making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems, and methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, improve a pre-existing solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied input/output relation or perform a specific function.

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Traditionally, the human society has seen through four levels of

fuels. The first fuel is Wood which began with the discovery of fire

some 1 million years ago.

The second fuel is oil and particularly petroleum products which

is as new as the late 19th century, only about 100 years old.

The third fuel is nuclear which is barely 50 years old.

Now the fourth fuel is being termed as the Green Sources like

Solar and Wind which are becoming commercially viable and

technologically feasible within the last two decades.

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SRICT CE KJS 10Source: Dr. Kalam’s presentation, 2010

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The total energy requirement for India could be around

400,000 MW compared to present 205,000 MW.

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Oil Consumption Pattern- India

Natural Gas Consumption Pattern- India

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Conventional Sources of Energy

The sources of energy which have been in use for a long time, e.g., coal, petroleum, natural gas and water power

They are exhaust able except water.

They cause pollution when used, as they emit smoke and ash.

They are very expensive to be maintained, stored and transmitted as they are carried over long distance through transmission grid and lines.

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Non-Conventional Sources of Energy

The resources which are yet in the process of development over

the past few years. It includes solar, wind, tidal, biogas, and

biomass, geothermal.

They are inexhaustible.

They are generally pollution free.

Less expensive due to local use and easy to maintain.

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Hybrid rickshaw called the Eco Free Cab, that runs on solar battery

and pedal power.

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Offshore wind farms to produce power for Kerala

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Key World Energy Statistics – 2009 (Source: International Energy Agency)

Sr. No. Country Population (million)

Total Primary Energy Supply per capita (TOE / Annum)

Electricity Consumption kwh per capita /annum

CO2 Emission per capita (Tons/Annum)

1 World 6609 1.82 2752 4.38 2 USA 302.09 7.75 13616 19.10 3 Japan 127.76 4.02 8475 9.68 4 Germany 82.26 4.03 7185 9.71 5 China 1327 1.48 2346 4.58 6 India 1123.32 0.53 543 1.18

Courtesy: Dr. B.G. Desai, GSFC conference

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The Ministry of New & Renewable

Energy aims to add 15,000 mw of

wind, 10,000 mw of solar and

5,000 mw of small hydro and

biomass to India's grid during the

12th Plan period. It is in addition

to 88,000 mw of thermal power

projects planned for the same

Plan period.

- ET Bureau Jun 17, 2014

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Where are we..???

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China, the US, Brazil, Canada, and Germany are the top renewable

power countries in 2013, with Spain, Italy, and India making huge

strides, according to the report.

Denmark leads per capita power generation, and Uruguay,

Mauritius, and Costa Rica were among the top investment

locations.

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The most significant growth is in power generation, as global

capacity jumped 8 percent to more than 1,560 gigawatts (GW) in

the last year.

Hydropower rose by 4 percent to 1,000 GW, and overall renewables

grew 17 percent to more than 560 GW.

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According to the power ministry, India produces only 4,780 MW

of nuclear energy, which is only 2.08 percent of total electricity

production. To increase nuclear energy production, the Indo-US

civilian nuclear agreement was signed in 2008. Six years later, no

new nuclear power plants have come up.

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The power, coal, and new and renewable energy portfolios in

the Modi Cabinet, who is from Maharashtra, where BJP ally

Shiv Sena was opposing the 9,900 MW Jaitapur nuclear

project.

Former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh had set a target of

installing 20 GW of nuclear power capacity by 2020 and 63 GW

by 2032.

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Net import of LPG and Lubes was 6,093 thousand metric tonnes

(value Rs.30,402 crore) and 1,409 TMT (value Rs.8,877 crore),

respectively, during 2012-13.

Source: DNA

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Electricity

• How much would it cost to run this 100 Watt bulb for a full day (24 hrs)?

• 100 Watts x 24 hours = 2400 Watt Hours (2400 Watt Hours = 2.4 Kilowatt Hours)

• 2.4 kWh x Rs. 5.2/kWh = Rs. 12.48

• What about this 25 Watt CFL light bulb, which produces the same amount of light?

• 25 Watts x 24 hours = 600 Watt Hours (600 Watt Hours = 0.6 Kilowatt Hours)

• 0.6 kWh x Rs. 5.2/kWh = Rs.3.12

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At Present, Minister of Power & Energy..