energy source for contraction
DESCRIPTION
Energy source for contraction. ATP ADP + Creatine phosphate = ATP ATP is constantly broken down and rebuilt. ATP = adenosine triphosphate ADP= adenosine diphosphate. ATP produced by cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria (requires O 2 and glucose) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Energy source for contraction
• ATP • ADP + Creatine phosphate = ATP
• ATP is constantly broken down and rebuilt
• ATP = adenosine triphosphate• ADP= adenosine diphosphate
• ATP produced by cellular respiration– occurs in the mitochondria (requires O2 and
glucose)• 25% of energy formed is used• What happens to the rest?• Heat more muscle activity= more heat
Oxygen Debt
• Oxygen is used to make ATP in cellular Resp. • Exerciserun out of O₂ = Lactic acid
Fermentation • Lactic Acid Fermentation – muscle cramps
Muscle Fatigue
• Muscle lose ability to contract after prolonged exercise or strain
• Caused by lactic acid build up
Threshold Stimulus
• Minimal strength required to cause a contraction
• Motor neuron releases enough acetylcholine to reach threshold
All-or-None Response• Fibers do not contract partially, they either do
or don't
• Motor Unit • The muscle fiber + the motor neuron
• Recruitment• more and more fibers contract as the intensity of the stimulus
increases
• Muscle Tone• Sustained contraction of individual fibers, even when muscle is
at rest• Lost if motor nerve axons are cut
• Hypertrophy - muscles enlarge (working out or certain disorders)
• Atrophy - muscles become small and weak due to disuse
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1. Tendon2. Muscle3. Fasicle4. Muscle fiber5. Myofibril6. Endomysium7. Perimysium8. Epimysium
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1. Muscle2. Epimysium3. Fasicle4. Endomysium5. Sarcolemma6. Myfibirl7. perimysium
Major Skeletal muscles
• Names of muscles describe them• Ex: pectoralis major- large muscle in pectoral
region• Ex: Deltoid- shaped like a delta or triangle
Muscle of Facial Expression
• Enable communication of feelings• Epicranius – frontalis and occipitalis• Orbicularis oculi- around eye• Orbicularis oris- around mouth• Buccinator- cheek• Zygomaticus major- zygomatic arch• Zygomaticus minor- zygomatic arch• Platysma- chest upward over neck to face, frown
Muscle of Mastication
Chewing movements• Masseter• Temporalis• Medial pterygoid• Lateral Pterygoid
Move Head and Vertebral Column
• Sternocleidomastoid• Splenius capitis• Semispinalis capitis
Back• Trapezius• Deltoid• Rhomboid major• Rhomboid minor• Levator scapulae• Teres Major• Teres Minor• Infraspinatus• Supraspinatus• Latissimus dorsi• http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/back/back.swf
Front• Trapezius• Sternocleidomastoid• Deltoid• Pectoralis minor• Pectoralis major• Serratus anterior• Rectus abdominis• Internal oblique• External oblique• http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/torso/to
rso.swf
Arm• Subscapularis• Triceps brachii• Biceps Brachii• Brachialis• CoracobrachialisTop• Extensor carpi ulnaris• Extensor carpi radialis brevis• Extensor carpi radialis longus• Extensor digitorum• Flexor carpi ulanrishttp://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/arms/top_arm.swf
Arm
Bottom/Underneath• Biceps brachii• Brachioradialis• Brachialis• Pronator teres• Flexor carpi radialis• Flexor carpi ulnaris• Palmaris longus• http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/ar
ms/bottom_arm.swf
Leg MusclesFront:• Sartorius• Rectus Femoris• Vastus lateralis• Vastus medialis• Gracilis• Tensor fasciae latae• Tibialis anterior• Fibularis longus• Extensor digitorum longus• http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/legs/front_legs
.swf
Leg Muscles
Back:• Gluteus maximus• Gluteus medius• Gracilis• Semimembranosus• Semitendinosus• Biceps femoris• Gastrocnemius• Soleus• http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/legs/bac
k_legs.swf