energy security masterplan – phase 2
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Energy Security Masterplan – Phase 2. Presentation to the Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on Minerals and Energy 18 June 2008. Introduction - Energy Masterplan. Cabinet approved Phase 1 of the Energy Masterplan Phase 1 Energy Security framework Energy planning approach - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Energy Security Masterplan – Phase 2
Presentation to the Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on Minerals and Energy
18 June 2008
2
Introduction - Energy Masterplan
• Cabinet approved Phase 1 of the Energy Masterplan
• Phase 1– Energy Security framework
– Energy planning approach
– Liquid fuels short to medium plan
• Phase 2– Electricity industry short, medium and long term plan
– Integration areas between electricity and liquid fuels industries
3
Introduction – Masterplan (Phase1)
• The Masterplan seeks to:– achieve goals that have been set for the sector
– Address current challenges
– set security of supply standards
– Set appropriate reserve margin
– Incorporate climate change challenges
4
Presentation Outline
• Energy security framework
– World electricity
– RSA electricity
• Development of the masterplan
– Goals
– Situational analysis
– Demand forecast
– Decision making
– Interventions
– Implementation matrix
– Recommendations
5
World Electricity Generation: Primary Energy Mix 2005
Source: World Nuclear Association, 2007.
Coal 39%
Oil 10%Gas 15%
Nuclear 16%
Hydro 19%
6
South Africa (2004) vs. Eskom (2006/7) Primary Energy Mix
South Africa Total Energy Supply (2004)
Coal (68.18%)
Crude Oil (19.40%)
Renewables (7.98%)
Nuclear (2.78%)
Gas (1.61%)
Hydro (0.06%) Source: Digest of South African Energy Statistics 2006 (Department of Minerals and Energy)
Eskom Electricity Generation Mix (2006/7)
Coal (88.23%)
Nuclear (4.83%)
Imports (4.71%)
Pumped storage (1.21%)
Hydro (1.00%)
Diesel - Gas Turbines (0.03%)
Source: Eskom Holdings Annual Report 2007
7
Map of Power Stations
8Source: Eskom Holdings Limited Annual Report 2007
South Africa:Electricity Demand Profile Shape (National Electricity Grid)
9
Security of Supply:Eskom Weekly Peak Demand (2006 vs. 2007)
Week-on-Week (2006 vs 2007): Peak Demand(with and without Load Reduction added Back)
25 000
26 000
27 000
28 000
29 000
30 000
31 000
32 000
33 000
34 000
35 000
36 000
37 000
38 000
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51
Week
Dem
and
(M
W)
2006 (Load Reduction Added Back) 2007 (Load Reduction Added Back) 2006 (Load Reduction not Added Back) 2007 (Load Reduction not Added Back)
Peak Demand 35 142 MW
Peak Demand (Load Reduction added back) 35 807 MW
Week-on-Week Growth 5.10 %
Year-on-Year Growth (Winter Peak) 4.90 %
Week 33: Peak Demand Statistics
10
Definition: Generation Reserve Margin
• The installed capacity of a power system must exceed the expected demand to allow for: Generator breakdowns (forced outages) Planned maintenance. Load forecast uncertainty. Security across the whole system, taking into account location of
plant, location of load and regional transmission capacity.
• The reserve margin is the amount of reserve capacity, expressed as a percentage of the annual peak load. Example: If peak load = 40 000 MW and installed capacity = 44 000 MW,
the reserve margin = 10%.
• Smaller reserve margin increases the risk of supply interruption. Too large a margin results in unnecessary investment expenditure. Security vs. Cost.
11
South Africa (National Electricity Grid):
Capacity and Maximum Demand at Winter Peak (1996 – 2006)
Source: Eskom Holdings Limited Annual Report 2007
12
Electricity Masterplan
13
Overview of masterplan
• Sets goals for the sector
• Sets key assumptions
– Demand projections
– Economic outlook
• Formulated based on
– White Paper on Energy
– Regulatory policy framework
14
Goals
• Supporting economic growth and development
• Improving the reliability of electricity infrastructure
• Providing a reasonable priced electricity supply
• Ensuring the security of supply as set by the security of supply standards
• Diversifying primary energy sources
• Increasing access to energy services
• Meeting renewable energy targets as set in the White Paper
15
Process followed
– Generation• Adoption of a security standard for electricity supply
• Appropriate investment level
• Reserve margin
– Transmission• Removal of transmission constraints WC, EC, KZN
– Distribution infrastructure• Universal access
• Bulk infrastructure
16
Process followed
• Acceleration of DSM and energy efficiency
17
Planning assumptions
• Detailed studies to be undertaken
• Integration opportunities of electricity and primary energy sources
• Nuclear energy is not considered
• Imported electricity is not included
• Assumed economic forecast
• Consideration of driving forces and supply chain challenges
18
Decision making considerations
• Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA)
• Site selection
• Climate change
• Renewable energy
• Funding and resourcing
• Skills management and development
• Research and Technology
• 2010 FIFA World Cup
19
South Africa: Electricity Demand/Capacity Forecast(4% Growth Rate related to 6% AsgiSA GDP Growth Rate)
Source: Eskom
Capacity Outlook of Eskom Position (MW)
30 000
35 000
40 000
45 000
50 000
55 000
60 000
65 000
70 000
75 000
80 000
85 000
90 000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Years
MW
Build New Base Load (Pulverised Fuel Proxy)
Build New Base Load CCGT Plants
Build New Pumped Storage Plants
Build New OCGT Peaking Plants
Return to Service Mothballed Plants
Total DSM Capacity Conserved (MW)
Import from Cahora Bassa Hydro (firm)
Total Existing System incl Decommissioning Options
Peak Demand before DSM of Eskom Position (MW)
TOTAL CAPACITY CONTRIBUTION (MW)
20
System demand focus
2005 Max System demand
2026 business as usual (BAU)
2026 projected 6% growth
2026 “BAU” plus projected 6%
Total (MW) 33658 60242 20757 80999
Imports 2300 3137 6584 9732
3.5% Tx losses
1138 2108 726 2835
Botswana 370 376 376
Mozambique 1057 1676 4224 5900
Namibia 198 95 95
Swaziland 132 146 0 146
Zimbabwe 541 744 2371 3214
21
Planned interventions
22
In summary…
• In the short-term– Demand side management
– Peaking plants
– Cogeneration projects.
• In the medium to long-term– Mix of base load and peaking plants
– Demand side management
– Appropriate reserve margin
23Source: Eskom Holdings Limited Annual Report 2007
South Africa:Electricity Demand Profile Shape (National Electricity Grid)
24
Energy use by the residential sector
Residential energy useSpace heating12%
Lighting5%
Cooking41%
Other (Friges, radio and TV)
10%
Water heating32%
Source: Energy outlook for South Africa - 2002
25
Households of South Africa - 2001Main Energy Source for Cooking by
Region
48.3
29.8
82.3
39.3
82.3
97.1 96.6
34.1
27.1
6
0.7
40.1
10.6
27 38.6
3
25.8
7.5
73.2
38.5
55.3
17.9
14.7
21.331.6
21.4
Gauteng Nw/Lmp/Mpum
Ofs.NC KZN E.Cape W.Cape African C'red Indian /Asian
White
Electricity Paraffin Wood
Source: Stats SA - Census 2001
26
Households of South Africa - 2001Main Energy Source for Heating by
Region
50.2
24.8
76.8
37.2
78.6
97.2 93.2
22.0
18.6
3.5
2.4
42.2
18.5 34.3 44.5
7.5
30.4
13.111.3 9.0 12.9
3.7 0.9 0.3
5.9
73.6
37.746.5
11.7
15.4
11.029.8
12.7
Gauteng Nw/Lmp/Mpum
Ofs.NC KZN E.Cape W.Cape African C'red Indian /Asian
White
Electricity Paraffin Wood Coal
Source: Stats SA - Census 2001
27
Facts on domestic consumption
• Geyser – 4 kW
• 10 million households of electricity
• 2.5 million households own an electric geysers
• This is equivalent to 10 000 MW (at peak)
28
Planned Interventions
• Short term
– Demand side management
– Energy efficiency
– Fuel switching
– Metering
29
Planned interventions cont./
• Medium term
– Generation
• Cogeneration
• Capacity expansion plan programme
• Additional peaking power plants
– Transmission
• Expansion plans
• Total system capacity and reliability plan
30
Intervention plans cont./
• Medium term cont./
• Distribution
– Maintenance and refurbishment
– Expansion of distribution network
– Electrification of households
– Restructuring of the distribution sector
31
Long term Plan
DSM
Camden (PF)
Grootvlei (PF)
Komati (PF)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)OCGT
Atlantis
OCGT Mossel
Bay
OCGT IPP
PS (A) PS (B) PS (C) PS (D) PS (E)
Load Management and Energy Efficiency
2005 380 200 11%
2006 190 494 11%
2007 380 616 452 494 13%
2008 570 376 770 301 494 14%
2009 376 202 904 494 14%
2010 376 202 494 12%
2011 303 705 232 11%
2012 202 705 705 636 333 232 13%
2013 705 1 410 636 999 232 17%
2014 1 272 232 15%
2015 1 272 1 002 232 15%
2016 1 272 1 382 232 16%
2017 1 272 1 382 232 16%
2018 1 272 1 382 232 16%
2019 2 764 232 17%
2020 2 764 265 15%
2021 2 764 1 002 15%
2022 2 764 15%
2023 2 764 1 002 15%
2024 2 764 1 002 15%
Totals 1 520 1 128 909 2 115 2 115 3 816 3 816 20 730 1 386 753 904 1 332 1 002 1 002 1 002 1 002 5 023
Planned Reserve Margin
Year
Mothballed Peaking Pumped StorageBaseload
32
Implementation matrix
Action Time Frame Responsibility
Integrated Plan November 2007 DME
Capacity Expansion Immediate Eskom
Total system capacity and reliability
Immediate Eskom
Transmission expansion Immediate Eskom
Electrification 2007 onwards DME, Eskom and electricity service providers
Maintenance and refurbishment
2007 onwards Eskom and electricity service providers
Independent Power Producers
2007 onwards DME, DPE and Eskom
Accelerated DSM Immediate DME, Eskom, electricity service providers and liquid fuels industry
33
Summary of recommendations of phase 2 Masterplan
• Reserve margin – 19%
• Performance standard
– “1 day in 10 years”
– N – 1 transmission contingency
– Regulation of the investment in maintenance and rehabilitation of infrastructure
– Regulation of the quality of supply of electricity
34
Summary of recommendations
• Cabinet also noted:
– Electricity price path, to finance the implementation of this plan;
– Import/export of electricity;
– Cogeneration, DSM and other energy efficiency measures;
– Leveraging private sector participation (IPPs) in generation;
– Supply of gas for primary energy diversification;
– Attraction of energy intensive investments as a strategy for development
35
Consultation
• NERSA
• Eskom
• Municipalities
• Organised labour
• Organised business
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