Dr.GeorgeGougoulidis

Combinations

Windenergy

Sails

Traditional

Rigidfoils

Kites Flettner rotors Windturbines

Solarenergy

Photovoltaiccells

MalteseFalcon 88msuperyacht

Hybridsailing8000DWTmultipurposecargovesselforFairtransport BV

4Dynarig masts ~ 4000m Dieselelectricpropulsionsystemof3.000kW

LOA=138m Draftmax=6.50m Airdraft =62.50m

(Panamax) Deadweight@6.50m=

8210tn Displacement=11850tn Designspeedonengines

=12kt Maxspeedonsails=18kt

Simplesailstructurewithgoodliftperformancebetween90 and170

Collapsible&mastless

OCEANFOILWINGSAIL WINDSHIP

2x35mhighmasts 3aerodynamicwingspermast

Automaticrotationofmasts

SystemtestedbyLR Itcanprovide50%ofthrustunderfavorableconditions

UniversityofTokyo&majorshippingcompanies(2009)

Sailmain,Engineassist Sailheightxwidth=50m

x20m ~30%averageenergy

savingsperyearona84,000tn bulkcarrierwith4sails

InJan2014onlandtestforaretractablerigidsail(1/2.5size)

SHINAITOKUMARU SWIFTWINGSFORMERUSUKI PIONEER

SkySails GmbH

5ships Theseus andMichaelA L=90m 3,700dwt Mainengine=1,500kW Sailarea=160m

SkySails GmbH

BasedontheMagnusEffect Velocityfieldchange pressurefieldchange force

DevelopedbyAntonFlettner in1924

OfficialpresentationofRotorShipinHamburgin1925

VoyagetoNewYorkin1926

2rotors15mhigh,3mdiameter

Therotorsneedanotherenergysource Usuallydrivenbyelectricmotors Thepowerneededfortherotorsisconsiderablysmallertothethrustproduced

810timesmorethrustthansailsofequalsurfacearea

Theshipcannotsaildownwindorupwind Sidewindswillproducethrust Therotorscanalsobeusedtoslowthevesseldown,ortoassistinmaneuvering

Availabilityofspaceandgeneralarrangements

4Flettner rotors27 mtall,4mindiameter

Rotorsinterferewithcraneoperations Solution:telescopicorfoldableFlettner rotors WindAgain designedarangeofCollapsibleFlettnerRotors(CFR)

Wingflaptoenhanceperformance Foldedwhennotinuse

Fuelsavings astheshipsize Forsmallshipssavingsupto60%havebeenachieved

Savingsofupto19%onVLCCarebeingmodelled

Enercon reportedin2013thattheEShip1hadachieved25%savingsafter170000seamiles

Theyallowsailingagainstthewind

Directlycoupledtoawaterpropeller,orusedtoproduceelectricity

AninternationalassociationhasbeencreatedlastOctobertofacilitateandpromotewindpropulsionforcommercialshippingworldwide

Earthsaveragesolarirradianceonthesurfaceisapproximately342W/m

Onaverage,30%ofthisradiationwillbereflectedbacktospaceduemainlytoclouds

Theamountofenergycaptureddependsonefficiencyandpositioning

Currentsolarcellsefficiency~13%

Current Currentbest Future

Approximateenergyconversionefficiency(%) 13 30 60

Nominalpower(W/m2) 44 103 205

Poweradjustedforreflection(W/m2) 31 72 144

Tanker:L=270m&B=50m 1mainengine@18,000kW,andauxiliarypower1,000kW

Tankersdeckareacompletelycoveredbysolarcells

Current Currentbest Future

Approximateenergyconversionefficiency(%) 13 30 60

Nominalpower(kW) 609 1406 2811

Poweradjustedforreflection(kW) 426 984 1968

CarcarriersAuriga Leader&EmeraldAce Partofthevesselselectricityisgeneratedviasolar

panels Hybridelectricpowersupplysystem 768panel160kW solargenerationsystem Lithiumionstoragebatterysystemof2.2MWh Usedwhileinport Chargingtime:3daysunderway

Length:199.9 m,Beam:32.26 m

CraigLoomes design Launched3/2010inKiel Firstsolarpoweredtriparoundtheworldin584days(May4,2012)

L=31m B =15m

Highercapitalexpenditure Performancedependsonweatherconditions Goodoverallperformance Bulkyandheavyequipment Limitedtocertaintypesofships Smallnumberofapplications maturity Mayneednewclassificationrules Insurance

70%

30%

Energyefficiencytechnologyadopted

hullcoatings

othertechnology

86%

14%

Companiesadoptinganenergyefficiency

technologyinthelast5years

adopting

notadopting

TheUCLstudyshowsthatthemaritimeindustrypreferseasytoapplyandwellproventechnologicalsolutions

Notforeseeableinthenearfuturewhetherrenewableenergysourceswillgainextensivepopularityamongshipbuildersandowners

Theywilltakeasmallshareoftheenergyefficiencymarket

Eurostat

1932015