ENERGY REQUIREMENTS IN BR10

- AND PROSPECTS FOR 2015 AND 2020

K I R S T E N E N G E L U N D T H O M S E NS E N I O R R E S E A R C H E R , M S C ( C I V . E N G . )

1 5 . 1 2 . 2 0 1 5

D A N I S H B U I L D I N G R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E , S B I , A A L B O R G U N I V E R S I T Y

SBi/AAU

• Building Regulation (BR) energy requirements

• Energy Performance Certificates• Calculation tools• Concerted Action EPBD

Agenda

2

Requirements for new buildings

• BR 2006– Introduced the plans for requirements to new

buildings in 2010 and 2015– Announced tightening of 25% and 50% resp.

compared with the 2006 level

• BR 2010– Changed requirements for new buildings

slightly, both in 2010 and for 2015– Introduced plans for the 2020 building

class which will be approx. 25% of the2006 requirements

Development of relative energy use in new buildings (2006 = index 100). The interval for the first two columns indicates that it is not possible to give a precise value compared to the reference, as the current scale and method were different then

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<1995 1995 2006 2010 2015 2020

Energy use in new buildings

• Calculated pr imary energy demand for heat ing, vent i lat ion, domest ic hot water, e lectr ic i ty for bui ld ing operat ion, electr ic i ty for l ight ing (non-resident ia l ) , system eff ic iency, internal energy transport , and a potent ia l overheat ing (+26 ºC) penalty minus renewable energy sources (RES) contr ibut ion

• Standard condi t ions for bui ld ing use• One cl imate zone• One nat ional tool for calculat ing energy performance in

new and exist ing (cert i f icat ion) bui ld ings• Two bui ld ing types, resident ia l and non-resident ia l• Possible to obtain an extension of the energy frame for

special usage of non-resident ia l bui ld ings

Energy frame for new buildings

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Residential

201052.5 + 1650/A kWh/m² year

201530 + 1000/A kWh/m² year

202020 kWh/m² year

Energy frames1

6

Non-residential

201071.3 + 1650/A kWh/m² year

201541 + 1000/A kWh/m² year

2020

25 kWh/m² year

1) Primary energy for: heating, ventilation, domestic hot water, electricity for building operation, electricity for lighting (non-residential), system efficiency, internal energy transport, potential overheating penalty - RES

SBi/AAU

Primary energy factors in Denmark- fuel conversion factors

7

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

2010 2015 2020

Development in Danish primary energy factors

Other District heating Electricity

SBi

In bu i ld ings comply ing wi th Low Energy c lass 2015 or Bui ld ing c lass 2020, thermal indoor c l imate must be documented v ia ca lcu la t ions

In dwel l ings, inst i tu t ions, o ff ices etc . the thermal indoor c l imate must not exceed 26°C, except dur ing a l imi ted number of hours compared wi th the reference year

For dwel l ings, a temperature of 26°C must not be exceeded for more than 100 hours per year, and a temperature of 27°C must not be exceeded for more than 25 hours per year

Documentat ion for the thermal indoor c l imate can be done accord ing to “DS474 - Norm for spec i f icat ion of the thermal indoor c l imate” us ing dynamic s imulat ion too ls

For dwel l ings proof can be prov ided v ia a s impl i f ied ca lcu la t ion implemented in the compl iance check ing too l Be10 – Bui ld ings energy demand 2010

Thermal indoor climate

8

SBi

2010 2015 2020

Q <= 5 W/m² Q <= 4 W/m² Q <= 3.7 W/m²

Q <= 6 W/m² Q <= 5 W/m² Q <= 4.7 W/m²

Q <= 7 W/m² Q <= 6 W/m² Q <= 5.7 W/m²

Dimensioning1) heat loss through the thermal envelope

9

1storey /1

2storeys /2

storeys /2+

1) T = 32 °C

s ≈ 25 cm s ≈ 31 cm s ≈ 34 cm

s ≈ 21 cm s ≈ 25 cm s ≈ 27 cm

s ≈ 18 cm s ≈ 21 cm s ≈ 22 cm

U-value [W/m² K]External wal ls 0.30Part i t ion wal ls 0.40Horizontal div is ion/cold room 0.40Horizontal div is ion/ f loor heat ing 0.50Ground slabs 0.20Cei l ing and roof 0.20External doors 1.80

Minimum thermal insulation

1 0

SBi

2010 2015 2020

Facade windows -33 -17 +0Roof windows -10 +0 +10

Facade windows- energy gains in kWh/m² year

1 1

Eref = I · gw – G · Uw = 196.41) · gw – 90.36 · Uw

Energy gain through a standard 1.82 m² window in kWh/m² yearBased on a calculation of a standard single family house能量增益是以一座标准的独栋住宅的一个标准的1.82�m²的窗户在一年中kWh/m²来计算的。

1) I = 196.4 for facade windows and 345 for roof windows1) = 建筑物正面窗户196.4和屋顶窗户345

Energy classes Energy gains Eref kWh/m²

A 0 ≤ Eref

B -17 ≤ Eref < 0

C -33 ≤ Eref < -17

D -55 ≤ Eref < -33

E -60 ≤ Eref < -55

F Eref < -60

Energy certification of windows

Air-change must not exceed x.x l /s per m² (heated f loor area) demonstrated at a pressure difference of 50 Pa

2010 2015 2020Pressure test air-change 1.5 1.0 0.5

The Municipal i ty must require a pressure test in no less than 5% of al l new bui ldings

Compliance with 2015 or 2020 regulat ions always require a pressure test

Air-tightness

1 3

Ventilation in dwellings

• In a dwelling the rate of outdoor air must not be less than0.3 l/s pr. m2 heated floor area (½ air-change per. hour)

• Kitchens must be equipped with a cooker hood with controllable ventilation and exhaust to the surroundings

• Bathrooms/toilets must be equipped with exhaust ventilation

• Single family houses can be ventilated by either mechanical or by natural ventilation

• In case (always in multi family buildings) of balanced mechanical ventilation, the system must be equipped with an efficient heat recovery unit

Technical installations

• Requirements to:– Efficiency of ventilation systems– Boilers – dependent on energy source– Heat pumps – dependent on heating systems and

size– Combined heat and power systems

• In new buildings or renovation of existing buildings outside district heating areas with an expected domestic hot water consumption above 2000 litres pr. day must have a thermal solar heating system

Other regulations in BR• Accessibility• Structural safety• Fire safety• Indoor climate

– Air quality– Moisture– Acoustics– Daylight / electric lighting

• Installations and services– Distribution systems for heating, cooling and domestic hot water– Ventilation systems– Water and drainage systems– Combustion plants and exhaust systems– Renewable energy systems– Waste disposal facilities– Lifts

Specific measures

U-value

W/m² KExternal walls 0.20Partit ion walls 0.40Ground slabs 0.12Ceil ing and roof 0.15External door, skylight etc. 1.65

Requirements for insulation of the building envelope, existing buildings

1 7

• To ful f i l l the new renovat ion classes the energy need has to be improved with at least 30 kWh/m² pr. year

• There has to be a part of renewables in the energy supply to the bui lding

Renovation class 2 ( label C) ( in kWh/m² year)Non-resident ial Resident ial

135 + 3200/A 110 + 3200/A

Renovation class 1 ( label A2010) ( in kWh/m² year) Non-resident ial Resident ial

71.3 + 1650/A 52.5 + 1650/A

Voluntary energy frames for existing buildings in BR15

1 8

Mandatory measurements• In new and existing buildings, individual meters must be

installed for measurement of electricity, gas, and heat consumption

– Distribution of a collective cost for the buildings total consumption must be made according to individual meters

– Correction for heat consumption in end-units must be introduced to avoid uneven distribution of costs

• Metering of hot and cold water-consumption is voluntary

Energy Performance Certificates

• In the current EPC scheme, from September 2006 until August 2014, the number of certificates issued is about 445,000

• DEA registers about 55.000 new EPCs every year

• Total number of issued EPCs in Denmark since the initiation of the certification in 1997 is more than 1.2 million

Format and content of the EPCEnergy efficiency rating Numerical criteria for each class (kWh/m²/year)

  Dwellings Non‐residentalA2020 20.0 25.0A2015 ≤30.0 + 1000/A ≤41 + 1000/AA2010 ≤52.5 + 1650/A ≤71.3 + 1650/AB  ≤70.0 + 2200/A ≤95.0 + 2200/AC  ≤110 + 3200/A ≤135 + 3200/AD  ≤150 + 4200/A ≤175 + 4200/AE  ≤190 + 5200/A ≤215 + 5200/AF  ≤240 + 6500/A ≤265 + 6500/AG  >240 + 6500/A >265 + 6500/A

EPC rates buildings on an energy efficiency scale ranging from A (high energy efficiency) to G (poor energy efficiency). Class A is divided into three sub-categories, A2020, A2015 and A2010

The evolution of the classes for dwellings (pr. building)

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2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

EPC's for dwellings

G

F

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Energy certificate and prices

• One-family houses with good labels give a higher price per m2 by sale

• Energy performance rating of properties now play a significant role in relation to sales

• There are regional differences in DK in relation to how big an importance the certificate has for the selling prices

• Market adoption of energy performance rating is much slower for properties than the market adoption of energy efficiency labels for white goods and cars

23Authors: Anders Rhiger Hansen, Ole Michael Jensen, Jesper Kragh

• Calculation procedure in BR2010 is described in SBi Direction 213: Energy demand in buildings

• Monthly quasi-stationary calculation procedure follows relevant CEN standards with national adaptations

• This publication also includes the PC calculation tool Be10

• Calculation core of this programis to be used by all other programs for compliance checks and forenergy certif ication in order to ensure identical calculation of the energy performance of buildings

Be10 – a compliance checking tool

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• One calculation engine have been developed (by SBi)

• Used in different tools with different user interface

• Building compliance checking tool Be10 –used to apply for a building permit

• Tool(s) for carrying out a building energy performance certif ication

• Anyone are allowed to make their own tool• But any new tool must provide the same

results as the calculation engine developed by SBi for any building model

One calculation core

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Be10 compliance checking tool

Calculation coreBe10Eng.dll

GUIInput XML GUI

OutputXML

Be10

Be10 compliance checking tool

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SBi/AAU

Energy10 certification tool

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SBi

Build-up

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Concerted Action EPBDConcerted Action (CA) EPBDwas launched by the European Commission to promote dialogue and exchange of best practice between the Member States (MS).

An intensely active forum of national authorities from 29 countries, it focuses on finding common approaches to the most effective implementation of this EU legislation.

More information see: http://www.epbd-ca.org/

The Speci f ic object ives of the CA are to:• Enhance and structure the shar ing of informat ion and

exper ience from nat ional implementat ion and promote good pract ice in act iv i t ies required of Member States for implementat ion of the Energy Performance of Bui ld ing Direct ive (EPBD)

• Create favourable condi t ions for faster convergence of nat ional procedures on EPBD related matters

• Supplement the work of the Art ic le 26 Committee and possible ad-hoc groups on CEN standards and cert i f icat ion exercises

• Establ ish a dialogue with CEN in their work der iv ing from the mandate to prepare 2nd generat ions standards to support the implementat ion of the recast EPBD

Concerted Action EPBD purpose

Thank you for your attention