energy producton from wastewater

8/19/2019 ENERGY PRODUCTON FROM WASTEWATER

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ENERGY PRODUCTO

FROMWASTEWATER

SUBMITTED BY: DHRUV MEHTA GUIDED B

MANU AGRAWAL


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WHAT IS WASTEWATER ?

• Wastewater is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogen

refer to any water that is utilized in an any processes is no longer considered fit for hum

• Wastewater is water containing wastes from residential, commercial, industrial proce

term applied to any type of water that has been utilized in some capacity that negaquality of the water. Wastewater is not just sewage but all the water used in the home

or into the sewage collection system of the wastewater. This include water from baths

toilets . Small industries and business often contribute large amount of wastewater to

•In 1972 Wastewater regulations been effective amendments to the Federal Water P

known as the Clean Water Act (CWA), established the foundation for wastewater dis

country. The CWA’s primary objective is to‘resore !"# $!%"!%" &e c&e$%c!'( )&

co"#%%o"s o- &e "!%o"s /!ers.

•National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program is one of

environmental programs ever implemented. Since the federal Clean Water Act was adop

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Oce of water programs, California state university, Sacramento, operation & maintenance of wastewater system, o'. 1( >

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SIGNIFICANCE AND OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT

• Principle objective of the wastewater treatment is generally to allow human and indu

disposed of without danger to human health or unacceptable damage to the natural

Wastewater treatment is essential before disposing it into rivers and streams for thew

clean and aquatic ecology to be conserved. For the first half of the 20th century, pollurban waterways resulted in frequent occurrences of low dissolved oxygen, fish kills

contamination.

SOME OF THE KEY CHALLENGES FACED BY WASTEWATER TREATM

• Collection facilities

• Population growth

• Increasing urbanization

• Disposal of wastewater, Sustainable treatment

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WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT & WATER DEMAND

• CWA (2010) reported projected water demand in various sectors; During 2010-205

Energy will increase by 26 times , Water demand for Industry by 5.3 times, Drinkin

times of total in 40-years

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ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM WASTEWATER

• electricity is most important In daily life;

• find new source for production of electricity;

• production of electricity from wastewater;

• There are different methods for production of Electricity from wastewater.

• BIO ELECTROCHEMICAL TREATMENT (BET)

• Bio electrochemical systems (BESs) have the potential for treating wastewater

Electricity Generation and Sustainable Wastewater Treatment. BES such as microb

and microbial electrolysis cell (MECs) are an emerging technology which converts b

matter to electrical energy or hydrogen using a biofilm on the electrode as the biocat

• BET may reduce the energy consumption for wastewater treatment by replacing ener

of present treatment systems

• leading to reduce environmental impact and disposal costs.


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• MICROBIAL FUEL CELL (MFC)

MFC can be defined as electrochemical devices that convert the chemical energy matter into electricity by means of catalytic (metabolic) activity of the living miconvert’s energy available in bio convertible substrate into electricity

T&ere !re /o *)e o- MFC Des%,"s

Single chamber MFC:

• Microbial fuel cell (MFC);

• Single chamber;

• Membrane;

• Operating condition;

• Anaerobic condition;

• Mixed culture.

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Two –Chambered MFC:

• Microbial fuel cell (MFC);

• Membrane;

• Operating condition;

• Chemical wastewater treatment;

•

Anaerobic;• Mixed culture;

• Acidophilic.

• A"o#%c re!c%o"s:

C31H11O33 3H1O 31CO1 5=H 5=e8

• C!&o#%c re!c%o":

O1 5e 5H 1H1O

i i i

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• Microbial Electrolytic Cell (MECs)

• MECs oxidize organic matters electrochemically using microbial biofilms in anaero

protons and electrons, which are subsequently used in a reduction reaction to p

products such as hydrogen and methane.

• There are four kind of MICROBIAL ELECTROLYTIC CELL (MECs)

Double-chamber MECs

• Microbial Electrolytic cell (MEC);

• Dual chamber;

• Membrane;

•

Operating condition;• anodic chamber;

• cathode chamber;

• middle chamber;

• Hydrogen production3.3 $o'

Si l h b MEC

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• Single-chamber MECs

• Microbial Electrolytic cell (MEC);

• Single chamber;

• Membrane;

• Membrane less single-chamber;

•

Operating condition;• Hydrogen production is2.


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• ANAEROBIC DIGESSION

• Anaerobic microbiological decomposition is a process in which micro-organisms deri

by metabolising organic material in anoxygen-free environmentresulting in the prod

(CH4).

• The anaerobic digestion process can be subdivided into the following four phases, ea

characteristic group of micro-organisms:

• Hydrolysis: conversion of non-soluble biopolymers to soluble organic compounds

• Acidogenesis: conversion of soluble organic compounds to volatile fatty acids (VFA) an

• Acetogenesis: conversion of volatile fatty acids to acetate and H2

• Methanogenesis: conversion of acetate and CO2 plus H2 to methane gas

• Potential Benefits of 100% Anaerobic Treatment

• reduces energy requirement.

• Produces more renewable energy as biogas.

• reduces production of secondary sludge.

• Wastewater reuse for agriculture and irrigation.

• reduces bio-solids production.

• AEROBICDIGESSION

Parameter Aerobic Treatment Anaerobic


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• AEROBIC DIGESSION

• Microbial reactions take place in the presence of molecular/ free oxygen and reactiocarbon dioxide, water and excess biomass

• An aerobic treatment system or ATS, often called (incorrectly) an aerobic septic systesewage treatment system similar to a septic tank system, but which uses an aerobic rather than just the anaerobic process used in septic systems and aerobic treatment

presences of oxygen• Aerobic Biological Treatment Technologies

• Conventional Activated Sludge Process (CASP) System

• Cyclic Activated Sludge System (CASS)

• Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) System

Parameter Aerobic Treatment AnaerobicProcess Principle M%cro+%!' re!c%o"s !?e )'!ce %" &e )rese"ce o-

$o'ecu'!r> -ree o*,e"

Re!c%o"s )ro#ucs !re c!r+o" #%o%#e( /!er !"#

ecess +%o$!ss

M%cro+%!' re!c%o"s !?

$o'ecu'!r> -ree o*,e"

Re!c%o"s )ro#ucs !re c!

ecess +%o$!ss

Applications W!se/!er /%& 'o/ o $e#%u$ or,!"%c

%$)ur%%es 4COD 3222 ))$6 !"# -or /!se/!er

&! !re #%cu' o +%o#e,r!#e e.,. $u"%c%)!'

se/!,e( re0"er* /!se/!er ec.

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/!se/!er e.,. -oo# !"#

%" s!rc&>su,!r>!'co&o'

Reaction Kinetic Re'!%e'* -!s Re'!%e'* s'o/

Net Sludge Yield Re'!%e'* &%,& Re'!%e'* 'o/ 4,e"er!''*

!ero+%c re!$e" )rocess

Capital Investment Re'!%e'* &%,& Re'!%e'* 'o/ /%& )!* +!

Example Technologies Ac%!e# S'u#,e e.,. Ee"#e# Aer!%o"(

O%#!%o" D%c&( MBR( F%e# F%'$ Processes e.,. Tr%c?'%", F%'er>B%o o/er( BAF( MBBR or H*+r%#

Processes e.,. IFAS

Co"%"uous'* s%rre# !"?

A"!ero+%c s'u#,e B'!"?eF'u%#%e# Be# re!cors e.,

Energ re!uirement H%,& Lo/

"egree o# treatment Hu,& Mo#er!e

Start$up time 1 o 5 /ee? 1 o 5 $o"&s

Nutrient Re!uirement H%,& Lo/

%der Lo/ Poe"%!' o#our )ro+'e$

&iogas Production No Yes

HYDROGENPRODUCTIONFROMWASTEWATER


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• HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM WASTEWATER

• Manufactures hydrogen from sunlight with an organic wastewater and the photosynthetic mithis technology doesn't use the organic matter that becomes food, and use the organic matteclean power generation is possible. The maximum problem in the hydrogen gas production wthat the energy production efficiency is low.

Current Global Hydrogen Production

•48% from Natural Gas

• 30% from Oil

• 18% from Coal

• 4% from Electrolysis of Wastewater

Advantages of production Hydrogen from wastewater

• Reduce in use of fossil fuel;

• Impartment of toxic gases in to environment is reduce;

• Easy to use as a combustion fuel;

• One advantage is that it stores approximately 2.6 times

the energy per unit mass as gasoline;

• About half is used to produce ammonia (NH3) fertilizer;

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energy producton from wastewater

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