energy production in greece (updated)

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Energy Production in Greece. Electricity Supply & Demand,

comparisons with Austria.Brief Presentation

7/5/2013 Stylianos Voulgaris. Plant and Environment Technology.

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General Information

Greece• Population: 10.8 million• GDP: 26,200 USD• 3.8% Agriculture• 16.1% Industry• 80.1% Services

Austria• Population: 8.4 million• GDP: 42,400 USD• 1.5% Agriculture• 29.4% Industry• 69.1% Services


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Greece’s Energy Balance – An idea about Energy Supply & Demand System.

• Domestic Supply is the amount of Energy Sources provided by the country’s own natural wealth.• 80% Fossil Fuel and only 5%

Renewable Sources.• No Nuclear Power Plants.• Only a small oilfield in Prinos,

Thasos (2,000-3,000 bbl/day), approx. 3%


80%

8% 5%

3% 1% 3%

Domestic Supply, GR [3]

Fossil FuelWasteReweableOilNatural GasHydroNuclear

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Greece’s Energy Balance – An idea about Energy Supply & Demand System (2).

7/5/2013Stylianos Voulgaris.

Plant and Environment Technology.

55%

27%

10% 8%

Share of Total Primary Energy Supply[3]

OilFossil FuelNatural GasRest

50%

33%

12%5%

Energy Consumption by Sector [3]

TransportCommercial useIndustryNon Energy Use

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Greece’s Energy Balance – Absolute Data [3]

Domestic Supply (TWh) Total Primary Energy Supply (TWh)


Fossil Fuel Waste Reweable Oil Natural Gas Hydro Nuclear0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

91.62

9.407.05

3.52 2.35 3.520.00

Oil Fossil Fuel Natural Gas Rest0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

140.00

160.00

180.00

200.00186.51

91.06

34.4025.30

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Energy Consumption by Sector – Absolute Data for 2009 [3]


Transport Commercial use Industry Non Energy Use0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

140.00

122.12

80.60

29.31

12.21

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Electricity Generation in Greece

• Relying on LIGNITE, a carbon-like fossil fuel (25-35% carbon content). • GR-Type: Low calorific value

(960-1300 kcal/kg) = 2-3 times less than usual lignite.• Up to 60% moisture and 6-18%

ash content.


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Electricity Generation in Greece (2)

• 21 Lignite Power Stations. 2 major in Megalopolis, Tripolis and Ptolemaida, Kozani.• Up to 50% of Elec. Prod. covered

with lignite.• Ca. 40% covered with Oil and

Natural Gas.• Less than 10% hydro-plants and

renewable sources, despite the high potential.


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Public Electricity Company (ΔΕΗ) – Power Plants’ Installed Power Production (MW)

Lignite Units Oil Units NG Units Hydro Units Renewable SUM

Grid Conn. 5287 750 1581 3060 7 10685

Independent - 1422 - 1 30 1453

SUM 5287 2172 1581 3061 37 12138


Grid Connected: Includes all Power Stations that provide electricity to the Public Grid.Independent: Includes Power Stations that are not connected to the Public Grid. It concerns mainly islands and some villages.

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Comparisons between GR and AT

Electricity ProductionElectricity Production over years

Electricity Consumption per Capita


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Electricity Production for 2009


coal and peat oil gas biofuels/waste nuclear hydro geoth/solar/wind0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

Electricity Production - Sources (2009) [3]

GreeceAustria

GWh

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Electricity Generation over the years


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Electricity Generation [2] over the years (2)


kWh

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An interesting comparison…


2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 20123000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Electricity Consumption per capita [2]

GreeceAustria

kWh

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Conclusions (concerning electricity)

Greece• Up to 50% of electr. generation

from lignite exploiting. • Oil and natural gas play a

secondary role.• Produced approx. 60 TWh in

2012.• Consumed ca. 5.5 MWh/capita

in 2012.

Austria• More than 50% of electr.

generation from hydro-plants.• The same applies in Austria too.• Until 2000 produced ca. + 10

TWh more than GR. This tense is currently dropping• Steadily consumes ca. +1.5 MWh

than GR over the years 2000-12.


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Lignite-Fired Power PlantsElectricity Generation in Greece


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Step 1: Mining and Transferring

• Lignite is mined by large scale mining machines. • Coal is delivered either with

trucks or directly with transfer conveyors.• Usually power plants are nearby

the mines cheaper transfer.


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Step 2: Lignite Preparation

• Lignite is being broken in smaller pieces less than 5 cm in size.• Modern power plants use

pulverized lignite which is more efficient to burn.• Lignite is either mixed with air (if

pulverized) or not, and then goes to the combustion chamber.


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Step 3: Steam generation

• Lignite is burned in large steam generation chambers (40m tall).• Water, circulating in tubes in

chamber’s walls, is heated via thermal radiation and convection.• Water becomes steam (190 bar,

362 oC).• Steam is superheated to 540 oC

before entering the turbines.


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Step 4: Steam Turbines

• 1 HP, 1 MP and 2 LP turbines connected on a common shaft.• From HP to MP steam is reheated

to 540 oC (see diagr. in Step 3).• From HP to MP and LP steam

loses pressure and kinetic energy, while providing Work.• Work is used to generate

electricity at the Electrical Generator following.


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Step 5: Electrical Generator

• Generates up to 21,000 Am at 24,000 V of 3-phase alternative current (about 500 MW).• Spins at 1500 RPM for 50 Hz

output = Europe’s Power Grid Frequency.• The rotor spins in a sealed

chamber, cooled with H2

• Electricity flows to distribution.



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Step 6: Cooling

• LP steam condensates in a shell and tube heat exchanger with cooling water at about 35 oC.• The cooling water is pumped

from nature, ex. a lake.• The adsorbed heat from the

water is wasted to the atmosphere in cooling towers.• Condensed steam and cooled

water are re-used in a new cycle.


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Overall Conventional Coal-Fired Power Plant



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References

1. The World Factbook, Central Inteligence agency, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2012.html

2. Index Mundi, http://www.indexmundi.com/3. International Energy Agency, http://www.iea.org/4. Lignite, http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignite5. ΔΕΗ, http//:www.dei.gr/6. Conventional coal-fired power plant,

http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Conventional_coal-fired_power_plant


https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2012.html

http://www.indexmundi.com/

http://www.iea.org/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignite

http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Conventional_coal-fired_power_plant

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Thank you for your time !


energy production in greece (updated)

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