energy - new york state • overview –u.s. federal vs ...€¦ · ... new york state • overview...
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Energy -New York State
•Overview –U.S. federal vs. state policy –legal and
constitutional framework
•Energy and environmental regulation in New York
•New York State energy picture
•Renewable energy goals
•Renewable energy
–hydroelectric
–wind
–biomass
–solar
•Benefits and trade-offs
The role of federal vs. state governments in energy policy:
U.S. division of authority
U.S. division of authority——states generally more powerful than federal government
states generally more powerful than federal government
in determining terms of access to energy for their citizens.
in determining terms of access to energy for their citizens.
Federal government has supremacy for interstate commerce and int
Federal government has supremacy for interstate commerce and int ernational affairs;
ernational affairs;
federal lands management
federal lands management
States play major role in environmental standards, land use, and
States play major role in environmental standards, land use, andbusiness regulation
business regulation
Compare –Canada, Australia, Mexico, Great Britain, France
Examples/Issues:
LA Department of Water and Power established 1902 and engaged in
LA Department of Water and Power established 1902 and engaged inelectricity
electricity
distribution in 1916
distribution in 1916
1935 U.S. federal electricity law left in place extensive state
1935 U.S. federal electricity law left in place extensive state regulation of the
regulation of the
energy sector
energy sector
Offshore drilling controversy
Offshore drilling controversy ––states like California have banned offshore drilling;
states like California have banned offshore drilling;
others permit it
others permit it
Kyoto Protocol
Kyoto Protocol ––some states have developed aggressive carbon dioxide emissions
some states have developed aggressive carbon dioxide emissions
reductions goals
reductions goals
Electricity prices in Massachusetts almost twice as high as in A
Electricity prices in Massachusetts almost twice as high as in Arizona
rizona——major pricing
major pricing
differences occur from region to region in North America
differences occur from region to region in North America
Series of North American electricity blackouts, culminating in
Series of North American electricity blackouts, culminating in ““Ohio
Ohio””problem leading
problem leading
to August 2003 crisis affecting 50 million people and causing $6
to August 2003 crisis affecting 50 million people and causing $6billion
billion
in economic losses
in economic losses
California
California’’ s severe energy crisis; Alaskan natural gas pipeline uncertaint
s severe energy crisis; Alaskan natural gas pipeline uncertaint ies;
ies;
safety and security of LNG facilities
safety and security of LNG facilities
New York State: Resources and Consumption (EIA Summary)
New York has minor reserves of oil and gas, found primarily in the far western part of the
State approaching Lake Erie.
Although New York’s fossil fuel resources are limited, the State possesses considerable
renewable energy potential.
Several powerful rivers, including the Niagara and the Hudson, provide New York with some
of the greatest hydropower resources in the Nation, and New York’s Catskill and
Adirondack Mountains offer substantial wind power potential.
Parts of New York are densely forested, allowing for potential fuelwood(biomass) harvesting.
Abandoned and marginal farmland provides potential for increasedbioenergyproduction
Although New York’s total energy consumption is among the highest in the United States,
energy intensity and per capita energy consumption are among thelowest, due in
part to the region’s widely used mass transportation systems.
The commercial and residential sectors lead State energy demand,while the transportation
sector is also a major consumer
•The New York Harbor area between New
York and New Jersey has a petroleum bulk
terminal storage capacity of over 75 million
barrels, making it the largest petroleum
product hub in the Northeast.
•New York produces more hydroelectric power
than any other State east of the Rocky
Mountains.
•The 2,353-megawatt Robert Moses Niagara
plant, harnessing power from the Niagara
River, is one of the largest hydroelectric
facilities in the world.
•Per capita energy consumption in New York is
among the lowest in the Nation due in part to
its widely used mass transportation systems.
•During the Northeast Blackout of August
2003, almost the entire State lost power and all
four of New York's nuclear plants were shut
down.
•A proposed pipeline could transport up to 10
million gallons of ethanol per day from
production facilities in the Midwest to terminals
in the Northeast, including New York Harbor.
New
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New York State Energy Agencies
Public Service Commission:
“The Department of Public Service has a broad mandate to ensure that all New Yorkers have access to reliable and low-cost utility services.
The Department is the staff arm of the Public Service Commission. The Commission regulates the state's electric, gas, steam,
telecommunications,andwater utilities.The Commission also oversees the cable industry.The Commission is charged by law with
responsibility for setting rates and ensuring that adequate service is provided by New York's utilities. In addition, the Commission exercises
jurisdiction over the sitingof major gas and electric transmission facilitiesand has responsibility for ensuring the safety of natural gas
and liquid petroleum pipelines.”
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation:
"To conserve, improve and protect New York's natural resources and environment and to prevent, abate and control water, land
and air pollution, in order to enhance the health, safety and welfare of the people of the state and their overall economic and social well-being."
DEC's goal is to achieve this mission through the simultaneous pursuit of environmental quality, public health, economic prosperity
and social well-being, including environmental justice and the empowerment of individuals to participate in environmental decisions that
affect their lives.
New York State Energy Research and Development Authority:
“Use innovation and technology to solve some of New York's most difficult energy and environmental problems in ways that improve the
State's economy. We place a premium on objective analysis, as well as collaboration, reaching out to solicit multiple perspectives and
share information. We are committed to public service, striving to be a model of what taxpayers want their government to be: effective,
flexible, responsive, and efficient.”
New York State Power Authority:
“We're the country's largest state-owned, nonprofit power organization, producing some of the cheapest electricity in North America.
Our 18 generating facilities and over 1,400 circuit-miles of transmission lines produce the power to help sustain more than 400,000 jobs statewide.
We are a national leader in promoting energy efficiencyand the use of renewable-fuel and clean-energy technologies.”
Public Utility Corporations:
“New Yorkers continue to face numerous
serious energy and environmental challenges
that impact all facets of their lives.
Issues of major concern include high energy
costs, continuing reliance on imported fuels,
aging energy infrastructure,
and climate change.
In March 2008, Governor David A. Paterson
issued Executive Order 2directing the
creation of a State Energy Plan
stating that "...the development,
implementation, and periodic review of a
sensible comprehensive energy plan will
enable the State to determine its future
energy needs and facilitate a deliberate,
efficient, and cost-effective means
of meeting those needs."
To create the new State Energy Plan, the
Governor convened the State Energy
Planning Boardto conduct the
planning process,whichwill culminate in
recommendations that, when implemented,
will keep New York at the
forefront among the states in providing its
residents with reliable, economical, and clean
energy resources.
New York State Energy Plan -2009
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Energy Efficiency Assessment
Renewable Energy Assessment
Electricity Assessment
Resources and Markets
Modeling
Natural Gas Assessment
Petroleum Assessment
Coal Assessment
Energy Demand and Price Forecasts
Iss
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Bri
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Energy Infrastructure
SitingNew Energy Infrastructure
Energy Costs and Economic Development
Health, Energy Production and Energy Use
Environmental Justice
Transportation
Climate Change
Environmental Impact and Regulation of Energy Systems
Regional Collaboration
Su
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Do
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Electricity Modeling Assumptions
Electricity Modeling Output Files
Natural Gas Modeling Results
GHG Emissions Inventory and Forecasts
Electric System Reliability Analysis
Energy Price and Demand Annual Long-Term Forecast
New York State Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard
A Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is a policy that seeks to increase the proportion of renewable
electricity used by retail customers. New York State’s goal is to reach 25% by 2013. NYSERDA is
responsible for getting to 24% of the ultimate 25% goal. The remaining 1% is expected to come from
individuals and businesses who choose to pay a premium on their electricity bill to support renewable energy.
Hydroelectric Power –Benefits and Environmental Tradeoffs
Benefits
High Capacity Factor
Minimal or no carbon emissions during operation
Water supply, flood control, navigation, recreation
Industrial development
Pump-storage adds capacity for peak loads
Environmental Tradeoffs
Ecosystem impacts
Discharge patterns altered
Coldwater discharge –fish habitat
Spawning of anadromousfish
Flooding of forest and wetlands
Changes in water chemistry
Wetlands –methane emission
Carbon dioxide emission –cement
Earthquakes
Economic impacts
Loss of farmland
Industrial concentration
Cultural Impacts
Loss of residences
SacandagaReservoir -1926
ScandagaRiverdam at Conklinville, NY
Flood control on lower Hudson
Water supply for navigation
Electric power generation
Three villages flooded; 1500 residents
displaced
Loss of farmland
GooleyDam on upper Hudson Gorge
was proposed in 1960’s –never completed
RaquetteRiver Development –1956
Dams form 6 impoundments
Electric power generation
Significant impact on local tax base
Employment
Recreation
Flood Control
Loss of coldwater habitat
Loss of wild/scenic river
Moses-Saunders Power Dam -1959
St. Lawrence River -Massena-Cornwall
Power generation –aluminum smelting
Navigation –St. Lawrence Seaway
Industrial concentration –fluoride pollution
Native American community nearby
Flooding of island farmland –600 residents
Fish spawning migration
Niagara River Power Development
Robert Moses Power Plant
2300 MW –among largest in world
Pump storage provides peak capacity
Industrial development
Industrial concentration
Impact on tourism
A Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is a policy that seeks to increase the
proportion of renewable electricity used by retail customers. New York State’s
goal is to reach 25% by 2013 .
NYSERDA is responsible for getting to 24% of the ultimate 25% goal. The
remaining 1% is expected to come from individuals and businesseswho
choose to pay a premium on their electricity bill to support renewable energy
Wind Power –Benefits and Environmental Tradeoffs
Benefits
Minimal or no carbon emissions during operation
Land use impacts minimal
Positive impact on local economy
Ecotourism
Environmental Tradeoffs
Ecosystem impacts
Birds and bats
Minor loss of agricultural land
Shadow flicker
Noise
Economic impacts
Viewscape–property values
Low capacity factor
Cultural Impacts
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K94Jy0mn-9w
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_CZIfiFPwk
Maple Ridge
Australia
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCEgRTYmrNQ&NR=1&feature=fvwp
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v48LiLsJSTg&feature=related
Impacts -noise
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-_SfKwyYsIk&feature=related
Shadow Flicker
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-B7LLs0hJUc&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EAi_nQRy0Ks&NR=1
Woody Biomass–Benefits and Environmental Tradeoffs
Benefits:Can be carbon neutral
High capacity factor in thermal steam electric systems
Use of ‘waste’byproducts from agriculture or forest products industry
Small business suppliers in forest products industries
Conversion of marginal or abandoned farmlands for cropped biomass
Farm income –new product market
Infrastructure and feedstock for biofuels(awaiting technology for cellulosic
ethanol)
Environmental Tradeoffs:
Ecosystem impacts
Forest systems degraded if non-sustainable practices used
Erosion, lost of habitat
Economic impacts
Could compete for fiber and timber, raising prices for other
products
Solar (in New York??)–Benefits and Environmental Tradeoffs
Benefits:Carbon neutral
Use of roof space so minimal land use in urban areas
Minimal environmental concerns with careful manufacturing
Passive solar thermal systems
Environmental Tradeoffs:
Ecosystem impacts
Land use
Competition with agricultural land
Economic impacts
Low capacity factor
Non-competitive cost
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This an exciting time for clean energy in New York!Governor Paterson has established an ambitious
“45x15”goal that calls for 45% of New York’s electricity to come from energy efficiency and renewable
resources by 2015.In support of the Governor’s goals, NYPA is launching a 100 MW Solar PV Initiative
that will result in hundreds of schools, government buildings and municipal facilities throughout New York
State going solar –at no upfront cost of their own.
As part of the Initiative, NYPA is inviting public and private schools,
government buildings and businesses throughout the state to serve as Host Sites for a roof-or ground-
mounted solar photovoltaic (PV) array. The solar array will be installed at no upfront cost to the facility,
and will provide participating facilities with fixed-price solar energy for 20 years along with protection from
future energy price increases.
The solar array installation will supply electricity to the facility throughout the year; when not needed,
excess solar power may flow to the surrounding community throughthe local utility meter. The local utility
will deduct this excess energy from the facility's electric bill, making the Initiative a win-win for both the
facility and the community!
As an additional benefit, the solar array offers exciting educational opportunities in a variety of subject
areas as students and community members learn about the importance of clean, renewable energy
alternatives. Performance of the solar array will be measured and documented on a centralized website -
providing excellent educational opportunities for students, educators and the general public.