energy management systems (ems) introduction
TRANSCRIPT
Abstract
This talk deals with the role of an Energy Management System (EMS) in theThis talk deals with the role of an Energy Management System (EMS) in the overall Smart Grid. Why an EMS is needed will be discussed and its importance to the overall reliability and efficiency of the electric grid. The NERC operating regions will be explain as well as the NERC requirements placed on electric g p q poperating authorities. We will look at key operating functions such as monitoring and control, generation control, load forecasting, load balancing and the economic factors in generation and transmission of electricity. We will also discuss key security and reliability factors which must be maintained during normal and dynamic system operations. How operators are trained for all emergency events will also be discussed. Finally we will look at the future of EMS’ d h th t h l i iEMS’s and where the technology is going.
2 /GE /
April 25, 2011
Why Do We need an EMS
What happens when you turn that light switchWhat happens when you turn that light switch on?
3 /GE /
April 25, 2011
Where does an EMS fit in the network?Transmission, Distribution, &
Generation Customers
Distribution SCADA SystemsGeneration Management SystemsEnergy Management Systems
DistributionSubstation
Sub-transmission
DistributionResidential Load
Central Stations
CommercialLoad
IndustrialLoad
OverheadTransmission
TransmissionSubstation
4 /GE /
April 25, 2011
Load
Energy Management OverviewHigh performance, distributed, mission critical, control
Capability to monitor, control, and optimize the operation of geographically dispersed transmission and generation assets in real-time
• Real-time SCADA Applications
assets in real-time.
• Generation Dispatch and Control• Energy Scheduling and Accounting• Transmission Security Management• Transmission Security Management
6 /GE /
April 25, 2011
EMS Application Description• Real-time SCADA Applications – Providing Supervisory Control and
Data Acquisition including alarm/events, tagging, data historians, data links, control sequences, and load shed applications used to
i / h kmonitor/operate the network.• Generation Dispatch and Control - GDC provides the functions
required for dispatch and closed loop digital control of multiple generators i i f hi hil dh i t NERC ti id t thin an economic fashion while adhering to NERC operating guides at the same time considering interchange schedules, dynamic schedules (load or generation in an out of the area), inadvertent interchange payback, time error correction, reserve requirements, and security constraints of the , q , ytransmission network.
• Energy Scheduling and Accounting – ESA provides applications to monitor NERC reporting criteria, production costs, interchange scheduling, p g p g ginadvertent interchange accounting, and weather adaptive demand forecasting.
• Transmission Security Management – TSM provides sophisticated
7 /GE /
April 25, 2011
applications to analyze and optimize the use of the transmission network in a reliable and secure manner.
Energy Management Systems (EMS) XA/21TM
NeedOptimally manage transmission grid and energy generation in a reliable and secure mannermanner:
• Increase overall transmission grid reliability proactively minimizing blackoutsblackouts
• Meet stringent security requirements
Solution Benefits• Comprehensive, Integrated, Secure Sys.• “State of the Art” Generation Control
and Transmission Security Applications
• Improved Operational Security • Improved Service Reliability• Fuel & O&M Cost Reduction
• Platform Independent User Interface• Flexible Backup Control Center Options• Dispatcher/Operator Training Simulator
• Transmission Loss Reduction
• Regulatory Compliance
• Deferred Capital Expenditure
8 /GE /
April 25, 2011
• Long-Term “Evergreen” Solution• Deferred Capital Expenditure
EMS VisionOptimise our customers' network performance by:• Improved G&T Operational Security / Service Reliability• Improving Operating Efficiencyp g p g y
Fuel & O&M Cost ReductionTransmission Loss Reduction
• Regulatory Compliance
Info Mgmt
Optimization GrowthOpportunity
egu ato y Co p a ce
IEDs and Sensors
Info Mgmt& Control
Valu
e
Current
T&D Assets
IEDs and Sensors CurrentOffering
9 /GE /
April 25, 2011
State-of-the-Art Analytic Engines from Nexant/PCA
Transmission Security Managementy g /
Network Topology AnalysisLoad Flow
• Complete Study Capability Isolated From RTp y p yOrthogonal Transformation-based State Estimator
• Status/parameter estimation, Plausibility ChecksContingency Analysisg y y
• Analyzes The Impact Of Possible EventsSuccessive LP-based Optimization
• Provides both active and reactive control movement strategies to relieve violations
• Contingency & Control Action Time ConstraintsReal Time and Study Mode SuitesMulti-User Support - 10 cases (configurable)
A l d O ti i Utili ti f T i i A t10 /GE /
April 25, 2011
Analyze and Optimize Utilization of Transmission Assets
Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow
Objective functionMinimize
Algorithm• MW and MVAr losses are
MW and MVAr lossesMVArs supplied/absorbed by generating
units (i.e. maximize reactive reserves)MVArs through network interfaces
non-separable and quite nonlinear• Apply “cost curves” to gen MVArs,
discouraging operation near limits• Use Successive LP with special
ffi i t i i li i tiSubject to Power Flow Constraints
efficient piecewiselinearization techniques, iterated with accurate AC power flow
MaximizeMaximizeMVAR Reserves
Minimize
11 /GE /
April 25, 2011
Losses
SCOPF (2)
SCOPF initial state (at ISO/RTOs) typically comes from the Day-Ahead “SCUC” (Securityfrom the Day Ahead SCUC (Security Constrained Unit Commitment) - optimal gen. schedules within grid thermal limits.
Inputs: SCADA measurements, load forecast, possible use of phasor data, contingency listp p , g y
Control variables include:> Regulated bus voltages> Xfmr taps> Switching for Cap banks> Switching for Cap banks> Settings for phase-shifting devices
SCOPF is run in real-time (<10 minutes to solve) in “predictive mode” - suggests schedules for control variables to operatorscontrol variables to operators.
It is not run in an automatic post-contingency “corrective mode” - yet. Nexant doing research in this area.
12 /GE /
April 25, 2011
Generation Dispatch & ControlClosed Loop Monitoring & Control of Generating
Assets
Automatic Generation Control (AGC)
> ATE, TLB, CNI and CF Ace Modes
> CPS1 & CPS2 Control Criteria
> Multi-Area Support
> Jointly Owned Units
Generation Dispatch (GD)
> Economic
> Security Constrained (w/TSM)
Reserve Monitoring (RMON)
> Time Limited
> Considers Role of Quick Start Assets
> Notifies Operator of Deficiencies
Meet Frequency and Interchange Obligations, Minimize Fuel-Related O&M
13 /GE /
April 25, 2011
Meet Frequency and Interchange Obligations, Minimize Fuel Related O&M
Energy Scheduling & AccountingOracle Resident, Temporal Data StoreAGC Performance Monitoring (APM)
> Meets All NERC Reporting Criteria> Meets All NERC Reporting CriteriaProduction Costing (PC)
> Complete Fuel, Maintenance and Transition Cost Accounting
All GDC displays DCR driven> Devices automatically addedy
External ISO interfaces> Net Schedule interchange
G ti B i t> Generation Basepoints
Develop and Track Performance Against Short Term Operating Plan
14 /GE /
April 25, 2011
Develop and Track Performance Against Short Term Operating Plan
Operator/Dispatcher Training SimulatorR li ti St d St t Si l ti f th El t i l N t kRealistic, Steady State Simulation of the Electrical Network
from the Perspective of the OperatorSame Application Software as Online System
> Database / Display Checkout> Database / Display Checkout> Software Test Bed
Detailed Models> Generation> Generation> Load> Frequency> Network> Network> Relays
Instructor Interface> Model Selection & Setup> Model Selection & Setup> Pre-Scheduling of Events (including conditional) > Run Time Changes to Scenario> Simulation Control (Speed, Start/Stop)Much More than a Tool for Training Operators
15 /GE /
April 25, 2011
> Simulation Control (Speed, Start/Stop)Much More than a Tool for Training Operators
Where does the EMS fit in the network lifecycle?Monitor: XA/21 SCADA and applications monitor the entire networkapplications monitor the entire network.
Operate: Along with SCADA,transmission security management applications and closed-loop generation pp p gdispatch and control software help operate the network.
Maintain: Transmission switching li ti di t i tapplications coordinate maintenance
activities with the control room operations.
Plan: XA/21 applications planPlan: XA/21 applications plan equipment outages and help determine optimal future asset placement for optimal network reliability.
16 /GE /
April 25, 2011
EMS Customer Value• Improved Operational Security / Service Reliability
– “State of the Art” Generation Control and Transmission ApplicationsF l & O&M C t R d ti• Fuel & O&M Cost Reduction
– Economic and Security Constrained Dispatch– Unit Commitment / Transaction Evaluation
• Transmission Loss Reduction– Voltage/Var Scheduling– Transmission Loss Penalty Factorsy
• Regulatory Compliance– AGC Performance Monitoring
Energy Accounting– Energy Accounting• Deferred Capital Expenditure
– Optimal Use of Existing Assets
17 /GE /
April 25, 2011
EMS…What Does The Future Hold
Demand Response & EMS integrationDemand Response & EMS integrationRenewables … forecasting & variability
managementIntegration of EMS with DMSGrowth of phasor analysis & Visualization
• Small Signal AnalysisSmall Signal Analysis• CRAS
18 /GE /
April 25, 2011
Potential Overview Block Diagram
MainServer
Backup Control Center Sites
FEPServer
OracleFEPServer
Primary EMS Sites
MainServer
Oracle
HistorianIS&R RDBMSServer
...Server
2GB
100BT Switch
ClientClient RDBMSServer
RDBMSBU Server
Server
2GB
Printers
IBM/Sun2GB
...IBM/Sun2GB
100BT Switch
Client ClientRDBMSServer
RDBMSBU Server
Archive System WAN
Multiple E2’s
Router/Firewall
DTS/OTS (1 )
Secure ICCPHP
Router/Firewall
BackupMain
Server
2GB
Backup FEP
Server
2GB
Archive System
Secure ICCPHP
Printers Backup
FEPServer
IBM/Sun2GB
BackupMain
ServerIBM/Sun
2GB
Remote Remote
Multiple E2 s(CFE)
Enterprise
QAS/PDS
Main RDBMS Clients
MainServer
RDBMSServer
Clients
DTS/OTS (1- n)
MainServer
2GB
...DACFEP (1)
DACFEP(n)
Remote Client Remote Client
Communication LinksMain
Server
2GB
Server
DACFEP
2GB 2GB
20 /GE /
April 25, 2011
Remote Client(CFE)
Remote Client(CFE)
..
.Remote Client
(CFE)Remote Client
(CFE)...
Remote Client(CFE)
Remote Client(CFE)..
.
Graphical User Interface - EnterNet SuiteE t N t O t
ApplicationNodes
Front EndProcessors
EnterNetSuite
Agent/Server
EnterNet Operator
OracleCluster
EnterNetAgents
EnterNetAgentsControl Room
Firewall
EnterNetServer
Firewall
EnterNetServer
Extranet Internet
Firewall Firewall
HTTP - VPN HTTPS - SSL
21 /GE /
April 25, 2011
EnterNet Control EnterNet View