energy from renewable sources statistics...

Energy from renewablesources Statistics Explained

Source : Statistics Explained (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/) - 01/06/2017 1

Data extracted in March 2017. Most recent data: Further Eurostat information, Main tables and Database .Planned article update: April 2018.

Figure 1: Share of energy from renewable sources, 2004 and 2015Source: Eurostat (t202031)

Figure 2: Primary production of energy from renewable sources, EU-28, 1990-2015Source: Eu-rostat (nrg110a)

Figure 3: Gross electricity generation from renewable sources, EU-28, 1990-2015Source: Eurostat(nrg105a)

Energy from renewable sources 2

Figure 4: Electricity generation capacity, EU-28, 1990-2015Source: Eurostat (nrg113a)

Figure 5: Primary production of liquid biofuels, EU-28, 1990-2015Source: Eurostat (nrg110a)


Figure 6: Gross inland consumption of renewables, EU-28, 1990-2015Source: Eurostat (nrg110a)

Figure 7: Renewable energy available for final consumption, EU-28, 1990-2015Source: Eurostat(nrg105a) (nrg106a) (nrg110a)


Table 1: Share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy, %Source:Eurostat (nrgind335a)

Table 2: Share of electricity from renewable sources in gross electricity consumption, %Source:Eurostat (nrgind335a)


Table 3: Share of renewable energy sources in heating and cooling, %Source: Eurostat(nrgind335a)

Table 4: Share of renewable energy sources in transport, %Source: Eurostat (nrgind335a)


Figure 8: Share of renewable energy sources in transport, %Source: Eurostat (nrgind335a)

This article presents a detailed statistical overview of the production and consumption of energy from renewablesources in the European Union (EU) . It is based on data compiled in accordance with accounting rules set downin the Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. The statisticalinformation presented in this article is coherent with statistical information reported under Regulation (EC)No 1099/2008 on energy statistics.

Renewable energy in the EU has grown strongly in recent years. This has been prompted by the legallybinding targets for renewable energy enacted by Directive 2009/28/EC. While the EU as a whole is on courseto meet its 2020 targets, some Member States will need to make additional efforts to meet their obligations forthe share of energy from renewable sources in the gross final consumption of energy.

Main statistical findingsAfter a period up to 2010 during which renewables were growing strongly, the combined effect of warm weather,slower progress by Member States in implementing the Renewable Energy Directive and Europe’s falteringeconomic situation led to a decrease in the use of renewable energy in 2011. However, the share of renewablesources in gross final consumption of energy did increase, since the consumption of fossil fuel energy fell morethan that of renewables. Afterwards, the share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption ofenergy continued the increasing trend and by 2015 it reached 16.7 %.

Primary production of energy from renewable sourcesPrimary production of renewable energies is on a long-term increasing trend. Between 1990 and 2015 it increasedby 184 % (an average annual growth rate of 4.3 %). However, in 2011, the primary production of renewablesdeclined by 2.2 %; this was mainly due to the annual variation in hydropower production and decrease in thecombustion of solid biomass. This was only the second decrease recorded since 1990 — the first in 2002 (-1.4 %)was also a consequence of hydropower variation. The Renewable Energy Directive requires that — for accountingpurposes — hydropower and wind power production is normalised1for annual variations. Primary productionof renewable energies is shown in Figure 2 (N.B. the figures shown for electricity production are not normalised).

In 2015, the primary production of renewables increased by 3.8 % compared with 2014. In fact, this is among1In calculating the contribution of hydropower and wind power the effects of weather variation is smoothed through the use of

data for several years. Please see Annex II of Directive 2009/28/EC for the applied rules.


http:/ec.europa.eu/eurostat/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:Renewable_energy_sourceshttp:/ec.europa.eu/eurostat/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:Renewable_energy_sourceshttp:/ec.europa.eu/eurostat/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:European_Union_(EU)http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32009L0028:EN:NOThttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32008R1099:EN:NOThttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32008R1099:EN:NOThttp:/ec.europa.eu/eurostat/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:EU_Member_Stateshttp:/ec.europa.eu/eurostat/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:Renewable_energy_sourceshttp:/ec.europa.eu/eurostat/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:Final_energy_consumptionhttp:/ec.europa.eu/eurostat/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:Fossil_fuelhttp:/ec.europa.eu/eurostat/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:Primary_production_of_energy

the 5 lowest annual increases in the last 15 years (including 2002 and 2011, where the primary productiondecreased). When compared to the primary production 5 years ago, it is now 21 % higher.

Electricity generation from renewable sourcesIn 2015, gross electricity generation from renewables increased by 4.0 % compared with 2014. However, thepicture varies depending on the energy source: from a decrease of 9.0 % for electricity generation from hydro toa 19.3 % increase for wind power. Between 1990 and 2015, total electricity generation from renewables increasedby 203 %. In 2015, renewable electricity generation accounted for 29 % of total gross electricity generation2.

Hydropower plants generate the largest share of electricity from renewable energy sources. Electricity gen-eration from hydropower increased by 17 % between 1990 and 2015, even if its share of total renewable elec-tricity generation shrank from 94 % to 37 % over the same period. This is due to the more rapid expansionof electricity generation from other renewable sources. Wind power generation more than quadrupled overthe period 2005-2015: since 2000, it has been the second largest contributor to renewable electricity, replacingwood and other solid biomass , which had held that position since 1990. Solar power electricity generationhas increased rapidly in recent years and in 2015 accounted for 12 % of all renewable electricity. Also, in 2013the electricity generated from solar energy surpassed wood and other solid biomass and is now the third mostimportant contributor to the electricity production from renewable sources. Solid renewables (wood and othersolid biomass, excluding renewable wastes) are also used in conventional thermal generation power plants: theirshare in electricity from renewable sources grew from 3.5 % in 1990 to 10 % in 2015. Bioliquids and biogas,which were negligible in 1990, reached 7 % in 2015. Electricity generation from renewable sources is shown inFigure 3 (in this Figure electricity production is not normalised in the area chart but the dashed line shows thetotal normalised electricity generation).

Installed capacity for renewable electricity generationThe available capacity of renewable electricity generation has increased significantly over the last 20 years. Windpower capacity had already begun to increase rapidly in the late 1990s and from 2005 there was a boom in solargeneration capacity. Additional capacity increases for other renewables were much more modest than for thesetwo. Solar and wind generation are intermittent energy sources: their utilisation rate is much lower than forthose renewables used in conventional thermal power stations (as well as compared with fossil fuels and nuclearpower). Pumped-storage hydropower plants can be reliably used to deal with surplus electricity generationfrom intermittent sources. The capacity of pumped-storage hydropower plants did not increase at the same rateas solar and wind. Installed capacity for renewable sources, nuclear power and pumped-storage hydropower isshown in Figure 4. To put into perspective electricity generation capacities from renewable sources, in 2015 itwas in total around 430 GW, approximately the same as the existing electricity generation capacity of fossilfuel plants in the EU.

Production of liquid biofuels in the EUProduction of liquid biofuels has increased significantly from almost nothing in 1990. There were rapid increases— especially after 2002 — producing an average annual growth rate between 2000 and 2010 of 32 %. However,production decreased in 2011 by 10 % compared with 2010. Since then it is increasing at around 10 % eachyear to fall again by 2 % in 2015. Production of liquid biofuels is shown in Figure 5.

Imports and exports of renewablesImports and exports of renewable energy products are very difficult to analyse. It is even more difficult toprovide figures corresponding to import dependency that would be comparable with fossil fuels (coal, crude oil,natural gas). The major obstacle for detailed import/export analysis is that primary feedstocks for solid, liquid

2Please see (nrg105a) for detailed data on electricity generation.


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and gaseous biofuels often compete for other non-energy uses. For example, wood can be used as material forfurniture production and as building material on construction sites. Energy statistics track only quantities ofrenewable products for energy purposes; stocks of renewable products for non-energy purposes are not part ofenergy balances.

Another complication arises because of missing data on feedstock input for the transformation sector — forexample, the raw materials for production of biofuels. These data on feedstock input are out of the scope ofenergy statistics. Energy balances place solid, liquid and gaseous biofuels produced in the EU in the categoryof ’primary production’; this is in contrast to production of fossil-based secondary fuels, which are categorisedas ’transformation output’ (for example, the ’primary production’ of motor gasoline or automotive diesel is zeroin EU energy balance sheets).

Trade in liquid biofuels that can be blended with — or used as a substitute for — gasoline or diesel (forexample, ethanol in E85 for use in flex-fuel vehicles) serves as an illustration. Trade volumes of liquid biofuels(blended part within mineral fuel plus pure biofuels) shipped between EU Member States, and internationally,are increasing. In 2011, EU-28 net imports of liquid biofuels accounted for 28 % of their gross inland con-sumption. For their part, net imports of biodiesel and biogasoline stood at 23 % and 39 % of gross inlandconsumption, respectively. (These figures include the blended part within mineral fuels and all pure biofuels.)However, in 2015 the net imports of liquid biofuels accounted only for 11 % of their gross inland consumption.

Detail data for trade in liquid biofuels are available in the energy database: (nrg126a) and (nrg136a) .

Gross inland consumption of renewablesGross inland consumption of renewables is closely related to primary production of renewables. The only no-ticeable variation is due to imports and exports: primarily because of net imports of liquid biofuels, grossinland consumption of all renewables is 3 % higher than primary production. Gross inland consumption ofrenewables increased by 3.9 % in 2015 compared with 2014. Wood and other solid biomass continues to bethe largest contributor to the mix of renewable energy sources. Hydropower and wood accounted for 91.5 % in1990. However, the rate of increase since then has been much slower than for other sources notwithstandingthat wood more than doubled by 2010. Consequently, their combined share decreased to 59 % in 2015. Grossinland consumption of renewable energies is shown in Figure 6 (electricity production is not normalised).

Renewable energy available for final consumptionRenewable energy available for final consumption (Figure 7) tends to rise and fall in line with changes in grossinland energy consumption from renewable sources. Rapid expansion of certain technologies caused the shareof energy from solid renewables (including wood and renewable waste) to decrease from 61 % in 1990 to 40 %in 2015. However, in absolute terms it increased by 74 % over the same period. Renewable energy available forfinal consumption increased by 68 % between 2005 and 2015. In 2015 the renewable energy available for finalconsumption increased by 4.4 % compared to 2014.

Share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energyIn the EU-28, the share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy increased from8.5 % in 2004 to 16.7 % in 2015. This is evidence of a progress towards the Europe 2020 target of 20 %. Assome countries have not yet fully implemented all provisions of the Renewable Energy Directive, some biofuelsand bioliquids are not counted as compliant (sustainable) in the period 2011-2015. Some countries have notyet improved their national statistical system to fully account for all renewable energy sources (for example forthe renewable energy with respect to heat pumps). The increased share between 2010 and 2011 is not due toincreased use of renewables but rather to a decline in the use of fossil energies (oil products and natural gas).Because of the 2020 targets of the Energy Efficiency Directive (2012/27/EU), further decreases in the EU’senergy consumption could be expected up to 2020.

The latest data for 2005 shows a small variation with respect to data available during the preparation andadoption of the Directive in 2007-2008. Changes are due to revisions in data sets transmitted by Member States


http:/ec.europa.eu/eurostat/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:Biodieselhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_126a&language=en&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_136a&language=en&mode=viewhttp:/ec.europa.eu/eurostat/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:Gross_inland_consumption

in response to annual energy questionnaires. Comparing the average of 2011-12 to the indicative trajectory setout in the Renewable Energy Directive, it can be seen that France, the Netherlands and FYR of Macedoniawere below the first indicative trajectory values, while all other countries were above. Comparing the averageof 2013-14 to the indicative trajectory set out in the Renewable Energy Directive, it can be seen that theNetherlands, Albania and FYR of Macedonia were below the second indicative trajectory values, while all othercountries were above.

Table 1 presents data for all Member States and also the values of the indicative trajectory.

Among EU countries, the renewable share in Estonia and Hungary has been above the 2020 target valuesince 2011. Bulgaria and Sweden have been reaching their 2020 levels since 2012. In 2013, also the CzechRepublic reached its target. In 2014, Italy, Lithuania, Romania and Finland went above their 2020 target. Dueto revision of data for biomass consumption in the residential sector, the updated data for Croatia indicates thatits consumption of energy from renewable sources is above its 2020 target since 2004 (the first year for whichvalues are available). But Croatia is not the only case. It must be highlighted that as a consequence of theRenewable Energy Directive, countries are monitoring much closer the flows of renewable energy commoditiesin their economies. A very significant case is the consumption of biomass, where countries are launching newmore detailed surveys that allow them to capture more data on the final energy consumption of biomass. Asa consequence, several countries are revising their data leading to an increase in their share of energy fromrenewable sources.

With more than half (53.9 %) of energy from renewable sources in its gross final consumption of energy,Sweden had in 2015 by far the highest share, ahead of Finland (39.3 %), Latvia (37.6 %), Austria (33.0 %) andDenmark (30.8 %). At the opposite end of the scale, the lowest proportions of renewables were registered inLuxembourg and Malta (both 5.0 %), the Netherlands (5.8 %), Belgium (7.9 %) and the United Kingdom (8.2%).

Share of energy from renewable sources: electricityIn 2015, electricity generation from renewable sources, with necessary adjustments for wind power and hydropower, contributed 28.8 % to total EU-28 electricity consumption. There is a huge variation between EUMember States - please see the detailed presentation of the share of electricity from renewable sources in grosselectricity consumption in Table 2.

Share of energy from renewable sources: heating and coolingIn 2015, renewable energy accounted for 18.6 % of total energy use for heating and cooling in the EU-28. This isa significant increase from 10.2 % in 2004. Increases in industrial sectors, services and residential use (buildingsector) contributed to this growth. Aerothermal, geothermal and hydrothermal heat energy captured by heatpumps is taken into account, to the extent reported by Member States. The share of energy from renewablesources in heating and cooling is presented in Table 3.

Share of energy from renewable sources: transportFor all countries, there is a common 2020 target of 10 % for the share of renewable energy in the transportsector. The Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC stipulates that only biofuels and bioliquids that fulfil sus-tainability criteria should be included. In some countries consumption of biofuels and bioliquids in the period2011-2015 were not certified as compliant (sustainable) due to late implementation of Directive 2009/28/EC.While the share of renewable energy as a whole is increasing since 2004, between 2010 and 2011 its share intransport decreased. This can be attributed in part to the total absence of compliant biofuels reported byseveral EU countries (countries did report some biofuel use, but none or very little of it compliant in 2011).Respecting accounting rules of Directive 2009/28/EC, the share of energy from renewable sources in transportincreased from 1.4 % in 2004 to 6.7 % in 2015. The share of energy from renewable sources in transport ispresented in Table 4 and Figure 8.


Data sources and availabilityData from the energy balance sheets have been used for all calculations. The most recent data available arefor the reference year 2015. Data are available for all EU Member States, as well as European Economic Areacountries Iceland and Norway and also Albania, Montenegro, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia andTurkey. In general, data are complete, recent and reliably comparable across countries. This results in a highdegree of accuracy and accountability of EU aggregate figures.

Methodology

All calculations take into account specific provisions as in place in Directive 2009/28/EC following its amend-ment by Directive (EU) 2015/1513 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 September 2015 amendingDirective 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Directive 2009/28/EC onthe promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources.

Gross inland energy consumption represents the total quantity of energy resources used for all purposes.

Energy available for final consumption represents the total quantity of energy resources available to con-sumers (private, commercial and industrial). It excludes energy used in transformation processes (for exampleelectricity power plants, fuel refineries, blast furnaces). It also includes energy products that might be used fornon-energy purposes (for example in chemical processes).

Gross final consumption of energy is defined in the Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC as the en-ergy commodities delivered for energy purposes to industry, transport, households, services (including publicservices), agriculture, forestry and fisheries, including the consumption of electricity and heat by the energybranch for electricity and heat production and including losses of electricity and heat in distribution and trans-mission.

Energy production from non-renewable municipal wastes was deducted from the contribution of biomass toheating and electricity generation. Consumption for pipeline transport was included in gross final consumptionof energy, in line with the sectoral classification of the Energy Statistics Regulation. To improve accuracy andconsistency with national statistics in calculating renewable energy shares, national calorific values wereused, where available, for converting quantities of all energy products into energy units, instead of the defaultcalorific values.

The Commission has only recently established definitive guidelines for accounting of energy from heat pumps.Despite the lack of an approved statistical methodology at the time of data collection and for reasons of com-pleteness, the contribution of renewable energy from heat pumps was taken into account in cases where sufficientinformation was submitted by Member States. For these reasons, some small differences exist between dataused for this publication and those published in the energy balances.

Energy statistics and energy balances available from Eurostat do not distinguish between sustainable andnon-sustainable renewable sources of energy . This split is possible in the accounting tool (SHAREStool3) developed by Eurostat, where reporting countries have to provide additional information in this respect.It should be borne in mind, therefore — unless explicitly stated — that renewables include all renewable energysources, both those meeting sustainability criteria and those that do not comply with such criteria.

Data for the period 2004-2010 : Directive 2009/28/EC did not yet exist or was only very recently adopted.In most European countries, it had not been enacted into national legislation. The values in these years are notused for any measurement of legislative compliance with the indicative trajectory defined in part B of AnnexI of the Directive. It was decided that for the years 2004-2010 all biofuels and bioliquids would be countedtowards the numerator of the share of energy from renewable sources.

Data for 2011 onwards : Compliance with Article 17 (Sustainability criteria for biofuels and bioliquids)has to be assessed with respect to Article 18 (Verification of compliance with the sustainability criteria forbiofuels and bioliquids). As of reference year 2011, countries are to report as compliant only those biofuels andbioliquids for which compliance with both Article 17 and Article 18 can be fully demonstrated. Only reportedcompliant biofuels and bioliquids are counted towards the respective shares of renewables.

3 http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/data/shares


http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/data/shares

As stipulated in the Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC, gross final consumption of electricity fromrenewable sources is the electricity produced from renewable energy sources, excluding hydropower electric-ity produced from pumped storage plants using water previously pumped uphill. The Directive also requireselectricity production from hydropower and wind energy to be normalised. Given the 15-year normalisationrequirement for hydropower production and the availability of energy statistics (for the EU-28, starting from1990), long time series of this indicator are not available.

For the purpose of calculating the share of renewable energy in heating and cooling , final consump-tion of energy from renewable sources is defined as the final consumption of renewable energy in industry,households, services, agriculture, forestry and fisheries for heating and cooling purposes, plus district heatingproduced from renewables. The total final consumption for heating and cooling is the final consumption of allenergy commodities, except electricity, for purposes other than transport, plus the consumption of heat for ownuse at electricity and heat plants and heat losses in networks. For more detailed definition, please see SHAREStool manual .

ContextDirective 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources established a Europeanframework for the promotion of renewable energy, setting mandatory national renewable energy targets forachieving a 20 % share of renewable energy in final energy consumption — and a 10 % share of energy fromrenewable sources in transport — by 2020. These goals are headline targets of the European 2020 strategy forgrowth. They contribute to Europe’s industrial innovation and technological leadership, reduce greenhouse gasemissions, improve the security of our energy supply and reduce our energy import dependency. Renewableswill continue to play a key role in helping the EU meet its energy needs beyond 2020. For this reason, MemberStates have already agreed on a new EU renewable energy target of at least 27% by 2030.

See also• Europe 2020 headline indicators

• Renewable energy statistics

Further Eurostat informationPublications

• Energy balance sheets 2014 data (2016 edition)

• Energy balance sheets 2013 data (2015 edition)

• Energy balance sheets 2011-2012 (2014 edition)

• Energy, transport and environment indicators (2016 edition)



• Renewable energy (Statistics in focus 2012)

• Renewable energy statistics (Statistics in focus 2010)

• Renewable energy indicators (Data in focus 2010)

• Renewable energy statistics (Data in focus 2007)


http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/data/shareshttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/data/shareshttp:/ec.europa.eu/eurostat/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Europe_2020_headline_indicatorshttp:/ec.europa.eu/eurostat/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Renewable_energy_statisticshttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=KS-EN-16-001&language=enhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=KS-EN-15-001&language=enhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=KS-EN-14-001&language=enhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=KS-DK-16-001&language=enhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=KS-DK-15-001&language=enhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=KS-DK-14-001&language=enhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=KS-SF-12-044&language=enhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=KS-SF-10-056&language=enhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=KS-QA-10-030&language=enhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=KS-QA-07-019&language=en

Main tables• Energy (tnrg) , see:

Energy statistics - main indicators (tnrgindic)

Energy statistics - quantities (tnrgquant)

Database• Energy (nrg) , see:

Energy statistics - indicators and other data (nrgindic)

Dedicated section• Energy

• Europe 2020 indicators

• Sustainable Development Indicators

Methodology / Metadata• Energy statistics - supply, transformation and consumption (ESMS metadata file — nrg10esms)

• Share of energy from renewable sources (ESMS metadata file — nrgind335aesms)

Source data for tables, figures and maps (MS Excel)• Energy from renewable sources:tables and figures

Other information• Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources

• Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 on energy statistics

• Renewable energy progress report 2015

• Renewable energy progress report 2013

• Renewable Energy: a major player in the European energy market

External links• European Commission - Energy - Renewable energy

• Concerted Action on the Renewable Energy Sources Directive

• EurObserv’ER

• International Energy Agency - Renewables

• International Renewable Energy Agency

Notes


http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/data/main-tableshttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/data/databasehttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/statistics-illustratedhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/europe-2020-indicators/europe-2020-strategy/headline-indicators-scoreboardhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/sdi/statistics-illustratedhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/nrg_10_esms.htmhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/nrg_ind_335a_esms.htmhttp:/ec.europa.eu/eurostat/eurostat/statistics-explained/images/1/1c/Energy_renewable_sources_update13_03_2017.xlsxhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32009L0028:EN:NOThttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32008R1099:EN:NOThttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52015DC0293:EN:NOThttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52013DC0175:EN:NOThttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52012DC0271:EN:NOThttp:/ec.europa.eu/eurostathttps://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/renewable-energyhttp://www.ca-res.eu/http://www.eurobserv-er.org/http://www.iea.org/topics/renewables/http://www.irena.org/

Main statistical findingsPrimary production of energy from renewable sourcesElectricity generation from renewable sourcesInstalled capacity for renewable electricity generationProduction of liquid biofuels in the EUImports and exports of renewablesGross inland consumption of renewablesRenewable energy available for final consumptionShare of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energyShare of energy from renewable sources: electricityShare of energy from renewable sources: heating and coolingShare of energy from renewable sources: transportData sources and availabilityContextSee alsoFurther Eurostat informationPublicationsMain tablesDatabaseDedicated sectionMethodology / MetadataSource data for tables, figures and maps (MS Excel)Other information

External linksNotes

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