energy flow
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Energy Flow Through an Ecosystem
Food Chains, Food Webs, Energy Pyramids
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•Begins with the SUN
•Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight & chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2
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• The chemical reaction by which green plants use water and carbon dioxide and light from the sun to make glucose.
• ENERGY is stored in glucose; glucose is stored as starch.
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Organisms that can make glucose during
photosynthesis are called PRODUCERS.
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Producers use most of the energy they make for
themselves.
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Producers use cellular respiration to supply the energy
they need to live.
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION is the chemical reaction that releases the
energy in glucose.
6O2 + C6H12O6 --> 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy
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The energy that is not used by producers can be passed on to
organisms that cannot make their own energy.
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Organisms that cannot make their own energy are called
CONSUMERS.
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Consumers that eat producers to get energy:
• Are first order or primary consumers
• Are herbivores (plant-eaters)
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Most of the energy the primary consumer gets from the producer
is used by the consumer.
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Some of the energy moves into the atmosphere as heat.
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Some energy in the primary consumer is not lost to the atmosphere or used by the
consumer itself.
This energy is available for another consumer.
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A consumer that eats another consumer for energy:
• Is called a secondary or second order consumer
• May be a carnivore • May be a predator• May be a scavenger
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Most of the energy the secondary consumer gets from the primary
consumer is used by the secondary consumer.
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Some of the energy is lost as heat, but some energy is stored and can passed on to another consumer.
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A consumer that eats a consumer that already ate a consumer:
• Is called a third order or tertiary consumer
• May be a carnivore • May be a predator• May be a scavenger
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Consumers that eat producers & other consumers
• Are called omnivores• Omnivores eat plants
and animals
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Consumers that hunt & kill other consumers are called predators.The animals that are hunted &
killed are called prey.
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Consumers that eat other consumers that have already died are called scavengers.
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The transfer of energy from sun to producer to primary consumer to secondary consumer to tertiary consumer can be shown in a
FOOD CHAIN.
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Another way of showing the transfer of energy in an
ecosystem is theENERGY PYRAMID.
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Energy pyramids show
• That the amount of available energy decreases down the food chain
• It takes a large number of producers to support a small number of primary consumers
• It takes a large number of primary consumers to support a small number of secondary consumers
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Food Webs:
• Are interconnected food chains
• They show the feeding relationships in an ecosystem
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