THE PROCESSES WITHIN

ENDOGENIC PROCESSES

Definition

en·do·gen·icˌendōˈjenik/

Adjective GEOLOGY

Formed, located or occurring beneath the surface of the earth.

What is Endogenic Process?

Endogenic Processes are geological processes that occur beneath the surface of the Earth.

It is associated with energy originating in the interior of the solid earth.

The ground we live on is moving all the time. The Forces within the earth that cause the ground to move are called ENDOGENIC FORCES.

How does Endogenic Process works?

When the ground moves, Rock layers at the surface of the earth are broken, twisted and shaken.

Land is destroyed in many places and created in other places.

When the land is shaped by Endogenic Forces we call this ENDOGENIC PROCESSES.

The Main Endogenic Processes

The Main Endogenic Processes are FOLDING & FAULTING or Tectonic Movements.

They take place mainly along the plate boundaries, which are the zones that are not stable.

Endogenic processes cause many major landform features.

FOLDING When two forces push towards each other

from opposite sides, the rock layers will bend into folds.

The process by which folds are formed are due to compressional forces known as folding.

There are large-scale and small-scale folds. Large-scale folds are found mainly along destructive plate boundaries.

Illustration: Folding

Illustration: Folding

FAULTING Faulting is the fracturing and displacement of

more brittle rock strata along a fault plane either caused by tension or compression.

A break in rock along which a vertical or horizontal rock movement has occurred is called a fault.

The process of forming a fault is faulting.The line of fault which appears on land surface is

known as fault line. These lines are often lines of weakness which

allow molten rock to rise up onto the earth surface when there is active volcanic activity nearby.

TYPES OF FAULTING There are three types of fault which are

caused by different endogenic forces:- Normal fault (Convergence)- Reverse fault (Divergence)- Tear fault (Transform)

Faulting forms two major landforms - block mountains and rift valleys.

Illustrations of Faulting

Illustrations of Faulting

Other Endogenic Processes (Subsequent)

These are Endogenic Processes that are subsequent to the main ones.

Volcanism (Volcanic Activity)MetamorphismEarthquake (Seismic Activity)

VolcanismVOLCANISM or magmatism (also known as

volcanic activity or igneous activity) Magma beneath the crust is under very great

pressure. When folding and faulting occur, cracks or fractures which are lines of weakness are created.

When these lines of weakness develop downward in the crust and reach the magma, they will release the pressure in the magma.

This allows magma to rise up along the lines of weakness and intrude into the crust. Some magma may even reach the earth's surface and some don’t.

Illustration of Volcanism

There are two types of Volcanism: Intrusive volcanism and Extrusive volcanism.

Results of Volcanism

MetamorphismMetamorphism is an endogenic process

which occurs when there is pressure and heat applied to geologic structures which leads to the formation of Metamorphic Rocks.

Illustration of Metamorphism

Results of Metamorphism

Grading Metamorphic Rocks

EarthquakesAn Earthquake or (Seismic Activity) is a

sudden shaking or vibration in the earth’s crust.

When plates suddenly move past each other, the built-up strain is released along the fault, and the rock fractures.

An earthquake also can be triggered by molten rock moving up into the chamber of a volcano before eruption.

Illustrating Earthquake

SummaryEndogenic Processes are Processes that is

formed or occurring beneath the surface of the Earth.

The Main Endogenic Processes are Folding and Faulting (or tectonic movements).

The Subsequent Endogenic Processes are Volcanism, Metamorphism, and Earthquakes.

Endogenic processes cause many major landform features.

Endogenic processes have been responsible for shaping the earth’s geologic structures and the formation of many of the most important mineral resources.

Resources:Encarta Encyclopedia 2009Google Imageshttp://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/

Endogenic+Processes

BY: RICHIE JAKE

GENERALESHARMAINE ARCOSA

KAREN ALERTA

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