endocrine system. hormone- a chemical messenger that is released into the blood stream. gland- a...
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Endocrine System
Endocrine System
Hormone- a chemical messenger that is released into the blood stream.
Gland- a group of cells or an organ that secretes hormones.
Pituitary Gland- produces a hormone that controls all other hormones, located in the brain. Also known as the “Master Gland”.
Endocrine System
Thyroid- produces thyroxine, which controls metabolism and body temperature
Parathyroid- control the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the body
Adrenal- controls the adrenaline hormone which helps us in emergency situations. Also controls the body’s water balance
Endocrine System
Pancreas- produces insulin needed to break down glucose to be absorbed into the blood. Also part of the digestive system
Ovaries- produces the female sex cell, the egg. Estrogen controls the development of secondary sex characteristics
Egg/Ovum- female sex cell. One egg cell produced by the ovaries once a month
Endocrine System
Testes- produces the male sex hormone, testosterone. This is also controls the development of secondary sex characteristics.
Sperm- is the male sex cell- The combination of egg and sperm will
result in conception and soon will be developing fetus.
Endocrine System
Puberty- time in which a teenager will have physical and emotional changes due to the releasing of hormones. Usually begins between ages 12-15.
Endocrine System
Male Reproduction
Testosterone- male hormone which causes sperm production. Allows for physical changes- broad shoulders, deepened voice, muscular development and hair growth.
Testes/Testicles- 2 small glands which produce sperm. In order to survive, sperm must be kept at lower temperatures.
Scrotum- holds the testes and protects the sperm from high temperatures.
Male Reproduction
Epididymis- tube outside the testes which temporarily stores sperm. Allows them to mature here.
Vas deferens- the tube which connects the epididymis to the urethra. This is where other fluids are mixed with sperm.
Seminal Vesicle- produces the other fluids that are mixed with sperm.
Male Reproductive
Prostate Gland and Cowper’s Gland- other fluid production occurs
Urethra- the tube which extends from the bladder and each vas deferens through the penis, outside of the body
Penis- external reproduction organ. Composed of tissue and blood vessels, which allow for erection and ejaculation of semen
Male Reproductive
Sterility- a condition when a person is unable to reproduce
Testicular Cancer- Age 15-34 is the most common. Signs- enlarged testicle, lumps or nodules. Self examinations should be done once a month.
Male Diagram
Female Reproductive
Estrogen and Progesterone- hormones released by the pituitary gland during puberty. Produces secondary sex characteristics- breast development, widening of the hips and hair growth.
Female Reproductive
3 Major Functions1. Produce egg cells or ova2. Reception of sperm for fertilization3. Provide nourishment and protection for a
fertilized ovum until it’s ready to live outside the body
Female Reproductive
Ovaries- female sex glands that house ova and produce hormones.
- Born with over 1 million immature ova- Will release 300-500 in her lifetimeOvulation- releasing of one mature ovum
each month. This begins around puberty. Ovaries alternate from month to month.
Female Reproductive
Fallopian Tube- when an ovum is released, it moves along in this tube to the uterus.
- Finger or hair like projections draw and ovum from the ovary and into and through the fallopian tube.
- Fertilization can occur if a sperm are present in the fallopian tube when the ovum is released into it.
Female Reproductive
Fertilization- when one sperm cell unites with the ovum
Uterus- small, muscular, pear shaped organ about the size of a fist.
- Rich with blood vessels- Thickness varies depending upon
hormones present- Zygote- a fertilized ovum attaches to the
uterine wall and lives here for 9 months
Female Reproductive
Cervix-end of the uterus, which is in the vagina, opens during labor.
- Major site of cancer in women. PID/HPV- PapsmearsVagina- Also called the birth canal, is a
muscular and elastic tube. This is where sperm is deposited during sexual intercourse.
Process of Birth
Female Reproductive
Menstruation- when the lining of the uterus is shed.- 2-3oz of blood and tissue leaves the body- Lasts 3-5 days- 28 day cycle is the norm
- The Cycle- Days 1-4 Lining of the uterus, menstruation- Days 5-12 Uterine wall thickens, egg about to be released- Days 13-14 Ovulation occurs, egg is released- Days 15-28 Egg travels down fallopian tube into uterus. If
not fertilized, menstruation will occur. If fertilized, a baby will began forming.
Fertilization…
Female Reproductive
Health Issues1. Menstrual cramps- mild cramping can occur- Light exercise, a warm bath or a heating pad
can relieve these.2. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)- A variety of
symptoms that effect different people differently. Mild to severe
- Bloating, mood swings, fatigue and weight gain- Hormonal imbalances or nutritional
deficiencies
Female Reproductive
3. Toxic Shock Syndrome- Bacterial disease that can occur in women who use tampons.
- Change every 3-4 hours- Symptoms- fever, vomiting, dizziness, flu
like symptoms
Female Diagram