endocrin eng
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Hypothalamus
Hypophysis
Epiphysis
Central regulatory formations
Thyroid gland
Gonads
Cortex of adrenal gland(zona fasciculata, reticularis)
Dependent of adenohypophysis
Parathyroid glands
Independent of adenohypophysis
Neural origin
(System APUD)
Other origin
Solitary endocrine cells
Endocrine system
Gonads
Placenta
Islets of Langerhans Kidney
Myocardium Thymus
Merkel’s corpuscules
Indepondent of adenohypophysis
Organs that have mixed function
Peripheral endocrine glands
Dependent of adenohypophysis
Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
• acts on the tubules of nephron in the kidney and provides the reabsorption of the 99% of water from the primary urine;
• increases blood pressure by promoting the contraction of smooth muscles in small arteries and arterioles
Oxytocin
• causes the contraction of uterine smooth muscle during copulation and delivery;
• causes the contraction of the myoepithelial cells of the secretory alveoli and alveolar ducts of the breast at time of the breast-feeding;
• causes the contraction of the myoepithelial cells of the seminiferous tubules of testis at time of orgasm and ejaculation.
Chromophils
А. Acidophils
• somatotrophs – somatotropin (growth hormone, GH)
• lactotrophs - prolactin (mammotropin)
B. Basophils
• thyrotrophs - thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
• gonadotrophs - follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- luteinizing hormone (LH)
• adrenocorticotrophs – adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Chromophobes
• cambial reserve
• chromophils at rest
• old cells
• supporting cells
Name of the hormone
Action in the human body
Somatotropin (growth hormone, GH)
Provides the growth of all tissues practically
Prolactin (mammotropin) Stimulates the growth of the mammary glands and secretion of the milk
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine (tetraiodthyronine, T4) and triiodthyronine (T3)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce glucocorticoids and gonadocorticoids
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone
(FSH)
• provides the ovulation
• provides the secretion of the female sex hormones in ovaries and testosterone in testis
• stimulates the growth of the follicles in ovaries
• stimulates the spermatogenesis