endangered mangroove

7/30/2019 Endangered Mangroove

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Mangrove

By: Shikha Rahangdale


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Structure of leaf


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Structure of flower


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Include tropical herbs, shurbs

0r even small trees

Zygomorphic & sympetalousflowers with 2 oe 5 stamens.

Prominent bracts & bractiole

present.

Family

Acanthaceae


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Acanthus

ebracteatus Vahl.

Herb/ shrub growing in

brackish water;

Leaves mature ones darkgreen with serrate margins

armed with spines,

young leaves brown;

Flower white;

Fruit green and oblong.

IUCN status of species: EN

Rare in A&N & Kerala.


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Family Pteridaceae

True ferns

Having sporongia covering the undersurface

of pinna.


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Acrostichum

speciosum Willdenow Shrub growing in just above the

normal high tide, tolerant to drying and salinity;

Fronds are


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Rhizophoraceae

Leave coriaceous (like leather, especially in texture)

Corolla convolute or inflexed in bud

Stamens 8 or many

Anthers one celled

Ovary inferior


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Rhizophora

annamalayana

Tree growing in soft mud along the

intertidal creeks & channels and in

sheltered mangroves under

estuarine influence; Aerial rootsextensively developed

stilt roots; Bark yellow orange

inside with large bark scale on

outside; IUCN status of species: EN

Rare in TN.


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Leavessimple, opposite, broadly obovate, darkish green,

leathery, black dots plenty;

Flower few flowered creamy white, axillary cyme on slightshort peduncle in the axils of fresh leaves;

Calyx 4 lobed, campanulate, adnate at base, ovate;

Corolla 4, white hairy, lanceolate, fleshy;

Stamens 8, up to 14 occurring in 2 rows inner small ones,outer large ones

style upto 2.2 mm;


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Rhizophora stylosa

This species can be identified from other

species ofRhizophora by its relatively long

style and top portion of ovary seated on the

disk.

Prop roots have a peculiar octopus-leg

appearance. Rare in Orissa.



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Rhizophora lamarckii

Rhizophora x lamarckii(below): style long

like R. stylosa; sepal width broad like R.

apiculata.

The claw ofR. x lamarckii(located at the

distal end of the sepal) is prominently

sharper to the touch than R. stylosa.

R. x lamarckiiis known to be vegetatively

robust and vigorous.


Rare in A&N.


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Rhizophora stylosa: style long; sepal width

narrow to lanceolate.

Rhizophora x lamarckii: style long like R.

stylosa; but sepal width broad.

The claw ofR. x lamarckii(located at the distalend of the sepal) is prominently sharper to the

touch than R. stylosa.


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Lumnitzera littorea

Tree growing landward fringe, and in

estuarine river banks under fresh

water influence; Aerial roots small buttresses &

pneumatophores;

Bark grey to dark brown, grooved;

Stamens


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Cont..

Flower terminal, spike inflorescence.

Leaves simple, alternate, brittle, leaf tip rounded to

emarginated

shortly pedicellate, distinct red; Calyx 5 lobed,green; Corolla 5, red

The species can be easily recognized from L.

racemosa by its redflowers.


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Arecaceae

The family is characterized by berry or drupe & in

case of drupe the endosperm usually united to one

seed.

Phoenix sp. Nypa fruticansaerial root absent

fruit small medium


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Nypa fruticans

Palm growing in low saline,

sheltered intertidal creeks and

channels in the mangrove forests;

Aerial roots no prominent aerial

roots;

Leaveslanceolate, palm leaf,

arising from root stock, yellow when

young, leaflet tip acute;


Rare in WB.


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Cont..

Flowerfemale in globose head, male in catkinlike,

brick red to yellow.

Fruit dark brown or brick red, globose, singleseeded carpel, pericarp fleshy, fibrous.


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Sonneratia griffithii

Tree growing intertidal estuarine

low saline areas;

Aerial roots very prominent,

conical pneumatophores, corky;

Bark smooth;

This species can be distinguished

from other species by its obovate

leaves, large solitary, white flowerswith white stamens and larger

globose fruits flattened or depressed

at apex.

Family: Sonneratiaceae


Rare in Orissa, WB & A&N.


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Cynometra ramiflora

This is an erect, small tree up to ca.

10 m tall.

The leaves are alternate and

smooth, and consist of 2 to 6leaflets.

The leaflets are leathery, about 10

centimeters long, and one third as

wide. The flowers are yellowish white, &

subtended by large bracts.

The fruit is hard, scurfy brown, and 2

to 4 centimeters long. IUCN status of species: EN

Rare in Orissa & A&N.


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Scyphipora

hydrophyllacea Gaertn.f.

Shrub growing in high saline, muddy areas

of inner mangroves;

Aerial rootsoccasionally stilt roots;

Bark rough brown;

Leavessimple, opposite, obovate, leaf tip

rounded, long petiole;

Floweraxillary, condensed cyme, up to 20

flowered;

Calyx 4, obscure lobed; Corolla 4, white or slightly red

Stamens 4;

Fruit green to brown glabrous surface,

deeply grooved.

(Rubiaceae)


Rare in WB & AP.


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Excoecaria indica

A small evergreen to semi-

deciduous, tree with milky juice.

Leaves 2.5-10 cm long, oblong to

elliptically oblong, serrulate orcrenate-serrulate, glabrous.

Flowers small, yellowish, forming

glabrous racemes at the end of the

branchlets or of the axillary shoots. IUCN status of species: EN

endangered mangroove

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