end of grant evaluation report
TRANSCRIPT
2015
World Vision
Typhoon Haiyan Response
May 2015
End of Grant Evaluation Report
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Prepared by:
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Table of contents
Acknowledgements ________________________________________________________ iii
List of tables ______________________________________________________________ v
List of figures _____________________________________________________________ vi
Executive summary________________________________________________________ vii
Purpose of the evaluation ___________________________________________________ 1
Summary of methods _______________________________________________________ 2
Overview of grant programmes ______________________________________________ 4
Evaluation criteria _________________________________________________________ 9
I. RELEVANCE _______________________________________________________________ 9
II. TIMELINESS ______________________________________________________________ 15
III. EFFICIENCY _____________________________________________________________ 18
IV. EFFECTIVENESS _________________________________________________________ 25 Outcome 1: Typhoon-affected families and communities have improved living conditions and access to
basic services _________________________________________________________________ 27 Outcome 2: Typhoon-affected families have restored affected livelihoods and increased capital and asset
base _______________________________________________________________________ 37 Outcome 4: Typhoon-affected communities, families including children are empowered to inform World
Vision Response programming ____________________________________________________ 43
Resilience ________________________________________________________________ 52
Conclusions and recommendations __________________________________________ 63
Annex A: Acronyms and abbreviations _______________________________________ 65
Annex B: Methodology ____________________________________________________ 66
Annex C: Supplemental tables and figures ____________________________________ 73
Annex D: Community validation notes _______________________________________ 86
Annex E: Household survey tool _____________________________________________ 98
Annex F: CL tool and focus group guidelines __________________________________ 98
Annex G: Response logframe _______________________________________________ 98
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Acknowledgements
This report is the product of an internal-external evaluation team, including national office and global
centre technical support. Funding for the end of grant evaluation was provided by the four Typhoon
Haiyan Response grant programmes under evaluation. If anyone has been inadvertently left out of
this acknowledgement, we extend an apology and are so grateful for the support.
Evaluation team leader: Pat Ryan Gaid, Design, Monitoring & Evaluation (DME) Manager
Qualitative data collection & analysis: Rachel Bernu, Consultant, and Dexter Mancao, DME
Coordinator
Quantitative data collection: Pat Ryan Gaid, DME Manager
Quantitative analysis & report writing: Maryada Vallet, Research Associate with TANGO
International
The survey team wishes to thank Angel Theodora (Response Director), Sean Ng (Programmes
Director) and Josaias Dela Cruz (National Director) for their support to the grants evaluation
process. Gratitude also goes to the zonal managers and support staff in the zones where the survey
took place. At the global level, advising was provided by Jamo Huddle, Humanitarian and Emergency
Affairs (HEA) Director of H-Accountability & DME and Kathy Duryee, DME Specialist for HEA.
Thanks, too, to So Wan Suen and Dineen Tupa who took over as Programmes Director and
Response Director, respectively, in the later part of the evaluation process for their valuable inputs
in the review of this report.
The monumental efforts of Jennina June Leira Lanza and Aivon Guanco were also instrumental in
ensuring the EOG Evaluation was carried out with success. Yheleen Veso’s support in providing
needed information specific to the grants was also helpful.
We also thank the team leaders and survey staff who worked hard to collect the highest possible
quality of data:
Eastern Leyte:
Qualitative- Julie Ruth Martija (Team Leader), John Alvin Redona, Christopher Chu, and
Glenda Macabacyao
Quantitative- Christian Vie Baldonado (Team Leader), Philip Antoni, Reniel Mangampo,
Darwin Piamonte, Bridget Amplayo, Kenn Daniel Cale, Ginbert Cuaton, Jovany Damayo, Pia
Pascasio, Divine Tan, Hyrbe Tuazon
Western Leyte:
Qualitative- Pathy Rose Aborque (Team Leader), Jonel Chiu, Victoria Lasayda, Roswel Capin
and Mary Joy Seno
Quantitative- Fidelito Mariveles (Team Leader), Aldrin Abaracosso, Edelyn Apuya, Jojie
Arevalo, Roswell Capin, Manil Carlubos, Jeanive Casimong, Ana Marie Febra, Macgyver Ong,
Bryan Silao, Mark Yugo
North Cebu:
Qualitative- Ma. Carla Sinining (Team Leader), Ma. Era Santillan, Nikki Aroma, Sherwin
Manlunas, and Emman Castano
Quantitative- Meraldy Donoz (Team Leader), Fatima Boter, Sheramie Jimeno, Kristine Joyce
Juban, Mayet Tabunyag, Christian Lester Jayson, Reve Gracelle Estrella, Lucia Enguito, Carmelita
Wagas, Bon Jovi Cabanero, Em Em Emia
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Panay:
Qualitative- Andy Cabading (Team Leader), Angela Marie Almalbis, Ma.Rachelle Diama, Klein
Pearl Deztreza, and Janine Abasiar
Quantitative- Lenie Tamayo (Team Leader), Dyna Calanza, Adrian Contillo, Maria Gina
Adremisin, Beth Alasa, Gennil Tribunsay, Rachelle Dillera, Joen Cerillo, Gerome Estores,
Princess Calanza, Ebony Parcia
Photo credit: Communications Team, Typhoon Haiyan Response
Most importantly we express our deepest gratitude to the girls, boys, men and women who spent
time with our survey teams to describe the impact of WV assistance on their lives since the
typhoon.
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List of tables Table 1: EOG evaluation community participation, by tool and zone _____________________________________ 3 Table 2: Grant programme overview, budget, timeframe, activity targets and outputs ________________________ 4 Table 3: Grant programme overview, disaggregated by surveyed barangay and grant _________________________ 5 Table 4: Priority problems in aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan ___________________________________________ 10 Table 5: Efficiency: relationship between NO and Response __________________________________________ 18 Table 6: Efficiency: EMS structure _____________________________________________________________ 19 Table 7: Efficiency: preparedness ______________________________________________________________ 20 Table 8: Efficiency: staffing __________________________________________________________________ 21 Table 9: Efficiency: programming ______________________________________________________________ 22 Table 10: Efficiency: external relations __________________________________________________________ 24 Table 11: Response outcomes and outputs for three EOG evaluation donors ______________________________ 25 Table 12: Types of suggestions to make reported activities more beneficial, by zone ________________________ 26 Table 13: Percent of Leyte HHs fully able to provide for their drinking water needs _________________________ 31 Table 14: Copies strategies index (CSI) score, by zone ______________________________________________ 60 Table 15: Coping strategies recalled by children and current CSI indicator used often/daily ____________________ 60 Table 16: EOG evaluation community participation, by tool and zone ___________________________________ 68 Table 17: Survey sampling, disaggregated by barangay and grant ______________________________________ 69 Table 18: Percent of HHs reporting assistance from WV THR, by zone __________________________________ 73 Table 19: HH perception of most useful activities, by zone ___________________________________________ 73 Table 20: Perceived benefits of reported projects, by zone ___________________________________________ 73 Table 21: Level of satisfaction with benefit of reported projects, by zone _________________________________ 74 Table 22: “Other” responses for improvement of benefits and frequency _________________________________ 74 Table 23: Beneficiaries of grant projects, by project type _____________________________________________ 75 Table 24: Level of satisfaction with beneficiary selection of reported projects, by zone _______________________ 75 Table 25: Full satisfaction with beneficiary selection of grant projects, by zone _____________________________ 75 Table 26: Reports of favours requested to be included in projects ______________________________________ 75 Table 27: Timeliness of reported projects, by zone _________________________________________________ 76 Table 28: Average number of meals eaten by adults and children reported by HH, by zone ___________________ 76 Table 29: HH main food sources in last 30 days, by zone ___________________________________________ 77 Table 30: Current HH stock of rice, by zone _____________________________________________________ 77 Table 31: HH coping strategies item scores, by zone _______________________________________________ 77 Table 32: HH methods for treating drinking water, by zone __________________________________________ 78 Table 33: HH access to improved sanitation facility, by zone _________________________________________ 78 Table 34: HH hand-washing practices, by zone ___________________________________________________ 78 Table 35: Soap used to wash hands in HHs, by zone _______________________________________________ 79 Table 36: Coping behaviour: HH member migration for food, by zone __________________________________ 79 Table 37: HH main income source during the last month, by zone _____________________________________ 79 Table 38: HH expenses, by zone ______________________________________________________________ 79 Table 39: HH ability to meet top expense, by zone ________________________________________________ 80 Table 40: WV projects helpful for HH to meet top expense, by zone ___________________________________ 80 Table 41: HH with outstanding loan, by zone _____________________________________________________ 80 Table 42: HH reasons for borrowing, by zone ____________________________________________________ 80 Table 43: HH main sources for loans, by zone ____________________________________________________ 81 Table 44: HH cash savings, by zone ___________________________________________________________ 81 Table 45: HH main sources for receiving information on WV projects, by zone ____________________________ 81 Table 46: HH methods used for providing feedback, by zone _________________________________________ 82 Table 47: Disasters since Typhoon Haiyan, by zone ________________________________________________ 82 Table 48: HH challenges in coping with disasters since Typhoon Haiyan, by zone __________________________ 82 Table 49: HH perceived preparedness for future disasters, by zone ____________________________________ 83 Table 50: Household demographics, by zone _____________________________________________________ 83
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List of figures Figure 1: Country map indicating four EOG survey zones _____________________________________________ 2 Figure 2: Map of Response locations by zone and relief or recovery phase _________________________________ 6 Figure 3: Response sectors HHs benefited from/participated in (n=2956 projects1) __________________________ 7 Figure 4: Number of months HHs received assistance from projects (n=2958 projects1) ______________________ 8 Figure 5: Main beneficiaries of the projects named by households (n=2958 projects1) _______________________ 11 Figure 6: Percent of HHs that consider WV activities useful (n=1386)___________________________________ 12 Figure 7: Most useful WV projects (n=1291) _____________________________________________________ 13 Figure 8: Most useful activities done to address needs after typhoon from child FGDs (n=693 children’s votes) _____ 14 Figure 9: Top benefits from receiving WV assistance (n=2840 projects1) _________________________________ 26 Figure 10: HH recall of shelter at end of relief phase (n=5591)________________________________________ 28 Figure 11: HH drinking water needs met (n=1382) ________________________________________________ 31 Figure 12: HH main drinking water sources (n=1382) ______________________________________________ 32 Figure 13: HH primary toilet facility (n=1382) ____________________________________________________ 32 Figure 14: Hand-washing frequency of HH respondents (n=1381) _____________________________________ 33 Figure 15: HH to reduce expenditure on livelihood inputs to buy food in last 30 days, by zone (n=1382) _________ 38 Figure 16: HH main income sources during the last month, by zone (1382) ______________________________ 39 Figure 17: HH main expenses during the last month (n=1382) _______________________________________ 39 Figure 18: HH ability to “fully” meet top expenditure (n=1382) _______________________________________ 40 Figure 19: WV projects helpful for meeting HH expenses (n=1227) ____________________________________ 40 Figure 20: HH main reasons for borrowing money (n=732) __________________________________________ 41 Figure 21: HH cash savings (n=1382) __________________________________________________________ 42 Figure 22: HH fully satisfied with information received about WV and overall relief efforts (n=1382) ____________ 45 Figure 23: HH fully satisfied with mechanisms provided by WV to give input (n=1382) ______________________ 46 Figure 24: HH fully satisfied with how feedback/complaints were welcomed (n=1382) ______________________ 47 Figure 25: Methods available for providing feedback on WV projects (n=1382) ____________________________ 47 Figure 26: Why feedback method used was preferred (n=572) _______________________________________ 48 Figure 27: HH fully satisfied with WV Response to feedback and complaints (n=1382) ______________________ 49 Figure 28: Three capacities of resilience programming ______________________________________________ 52 Figure 29: Disasters communities have faced since Typhoon Haiyan (n=1353) ____________________________ 54 Figure 30: HH challenged to cope with subsequent disasters (n=1386) __________________________________ 54 Figure 31: HH better able to recover because of WV assistance (n=1009) _______________________________ 55 Figure 32: HH fully prepared to face another major disaster (n=1382) __________________________________ 56 Figure 33: HH needs to be prepared for future disaster (n=518) ______________________________________ 57 Figure 34: HH main food sources over last 30 days (n=1382) ________________________________________ 59 Figure 35: Food security coping behaviours in last 30 days (n=1382) ___________________________________ 61 Figure 36: Community leaders list interventions carried out by WV (n=40) _______________________________ 84 Figure 37: FGD priority problems in aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan _____________________________________ 84 Figure 38: Children recall the actors that addressed their priority needs __________________________________ 85 Figure 39: Children’s priority problems, recall from past and current ____________________________________ 58
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Executive summary
Purpose and methods: The humanitarian community and governments swiftly responded to the
emergency needs of families and communities impacted by Typhoon Haiyan making landfall in the
Philippines on 8 November 2013. This report provides the results for the joint evaluation of four
major grant programmes from three donors that contributed substantially to the World Vision
Typhoon Haiyan Response (THR): Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development
(DFATD, two programmes), Aktion Deutschland Hilft (ADH, Germany’s Relief Coalition) and
Samenwerkende Hulporganisaties (SHO, or Cooperating Aid Agencies of the Netherlands).
The purpose of this end-of-grant (EOG) evaluation is to understand how the four grant programmes
of the larger WV THR contributed to the recovery of the affected, target families and communities
in the relief (November 2013-April 2014) and recovery (February-December 2014) phases of the
Response. Of particular interest is how the grant programmes of the THR contributed to achieving
the Response outcomes in the four zones and achieving the goal of building resilience capacity, or
the ability to cope with and bounce back from a disaster.
The EOG evaluation was conducted in February 2015 across four survey zones: East Leyte, West
Leyte, North Cebu and Panay. A mixed methods approach was used with qualitative and quantitative
primary data sources. The sources include the household (HH) survey (n=1386), community leader
(CL) survey (n=40) and focus group discussions (FGD) with 231 girls and boys. Primary data
collected from WV staff through key informant interviews (KII) and other surveys are also presented
from a year prior to the EOG; note, this information informed the real-time evaluation following the
relief phase. A desk review of over 35 key Response documents also informed the evaluation. These
sources provided valuable insight into the contribution of the grant programmes to the outcomes
and goal of the larger WV Response.
OVERVIEW OF GRANTS
The activities of the four grant programmes spanned various Response sectors, phases and
geographic zones. DFATD 1 was implemented in three zones (East Leyte, North Cebu and Panay)
during the relief phase, and DFATD 2 provided funding from the same donor for recovery phase
activities that shifted focused in a different geographic zone, namely West Leyte. SHO was primarily
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a relief phase contribution implemented in all four zones, with shelter toolkits that extended into the
recovery. ADH began mid-relief and extended through the recovery phase, focusing on East Leyte.
See the table that follows for an overview of the grant budget, timeframe, activities and zone. The
geographic focus narrowed for the recovery phase to the most severely impacted municipalities and
barangays, mostly in the Leyte zones.1 The programming continued in the remaining areas, and
Response offices were phased out in August 2014 for North Cebu and in March 2015 for Panay.
Grant Budget
(USD)
Timeframe
[phase] Activities1 Geographic
zone
DFATD 1
$1,749,216 Nov. 2013-
May 2014
relief
Shelter kits (emergency) East Leyte,
North Cebu,
Panay Non-food item (NFI) kit
distribution
Hygiene kit distribution
Solar lamp distribution
Child friendly spaces (CFS),
transitioned to temporary learning
spaces (TLS)
Women and young children spaces
(WAYCS)
DFATD 2
$2,989,472 Feb. 2014-
March 2015
(extended to
June 2015)
recovery
Shelter (A & B)
Cash for work (CFW)
Water systems
Latrines (Package A/B, PhATS) and
hygiene promotion
Livelihood trainings/ business start-
up/inputs
West Leyte
SHO
$851,935 Nov. 2013-
Feb. 2014
(extended to
July 2014)
relief
NFI distribution
Hygiene kit distribution
Shelter kits (emergency) plus
toolkits (extended to recovery)
Programme management support
East Leyte,
West Leyte,
North Cebu,
Panay
ADH
$4,728,334 Jan. 2014-
Dec. 2014
(extended to
March 2015)
mid-relief to
recovery
Shelter (A & B)
CFW
Latrines
Livelihood- livestock, agriculture,
community gardens
East Leyte
1 Activity kit/package descriptions:
Shelter kits: Two 4m x 6m tarpaulins and one 20m rope per HH, per SPHERE and IFRC standards
NFI kits: Blankets, mosquito nets, plastic mats and can openers
Hygiene kits: Bath soap, laundry soap, sanitary pads, and underwear (gender-sensitive); replenishment items:
bath and laundry soap, toothbrush, toothpaste, sanitary pads
Shelter Type A and B: Shelter construction materials (lumber, nails, paint, etc.) and toolkits; Type B includes
construction assistance for the most vulnerable HH.
Latrines Package A and B: Kits include three bags of cement, two floor grates, sets of piping, toilet bowl
and reinforcement bar/ Package B includes construction assistance for the most vulnerable HH
Due to delays (see timeliness discussion) the recovery shelter activities generally started May-June
and the livelihood activities from November 2014-January 2015 (note: livelihood activities were not
1 World Vision Typhoon Haiyan Response (WV THR). 90-day Report. March 2014.
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completed at the time of the EOG survey). All completed grant activities have met or exceeded
output targets to date, but the attainment of outputs is not part of this evaluation. The evaluation
criteria used by World Vision’s Humanitarian and Emergency Affairs (HEA) includes discussion of
relevance, timeliness, efficiency and effectiveness. The four criteria, as they relate to achieving the
outcomes and goal of the Response, serve as the main framework for presenting the evaluation
findings.
RELEVANCE
Relevance addresses the following questions: How well did THR correspond to local needs and
priorities? How did WV target the most vulnerable populations, and what were the challenges of
reaching vulnerable, affected populations? Did the project address priority problems faced by the
target areas and communities and was the project consistent with policies of both donors and
recipient governments (or agencies)?
Key findings on relevance:
WV grant programmes (DFATD 1, DFATD 2, SHO, ADH) correspond to the
priority needs of adults and children: relief items, CFW to buy food, shelter,
and livelihoods, among others. WV Response staff and programme documents
confirm this alignment.
The THR, including the grant activities within the larger THR, built upon the
strong existing external relationships of WVDF, and aligned with strategies and
priorities of WV, donors, government, the international humanitarian
community and community partners. WV Response staff and Response
documents including the rapid assessment and other primary data confirm this
alignment.
While the Response faced some challenges related to geographic and strategic
targeting approaches, the grant programmes as part of the THR sought to
target the most vulnerable by identifying those families that lost their homes
using agreed criteria. The criteria were based on analysis of context and
humanitarian need, was recognised as good practice by partners, and was
aligned with government and accountability standards.
The vast majority of beneficiary households (94%) were satisfied with
beneficiary selection for the activities they reported benefitting from or
participating in, with little variation across zones. Households understood the
main beneficiaries to be everyone in the community or the poorest, or those
with destroyed homes. Still, some WV staff, community leaders and HHs
expressed concern regarding the Response’s ability to reach the most
vulnerable or all those perceived to be deserving of assistance.
The grant activities addressed the priority needs of beneficiaries, as shown
through the finding that 94% of all households reported the activities to be
useful or beneficial, with the highest percentage in Panay and lowest percentage
in North Cebu.
The most useful activities named by surveyed households and children were
those addressing the needs of food (and other basic necessities, i.e., NFI, which
is relevant to these grants), shelter (Type A and B) and livelihoods. These were
also the activities there could have been more of, as noted by the households
that suggested the Response could have been more useful.
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TIMELINESS
Timeliness is defined as: To what degree did THR implement timely Response activities? Did the
programme respond in a timely manner to the affected community’s needs? What affected timely
delivery of assistance (including coordination issues), and what measures were taken by WV to
address the issues?
Key findings on timeliness:
Nearly all WV projects (98%) were reported to be on-time by surveyed
households. About two-thirds of WV staff felt that WV responded to the needs
of target communities in a timely manner. Community validation participants
agreed that the timeliest WV activities (related to these grants) were hygiene kits,
WASH activities and CFW. CFW was important and timely as the income was
used for food needs—filling the gap after distributions ended, educational
expenses for children and to pay debts.
The small number of projects reported as late (approximately two percent) by
households contributed to their experience of hunger, lack of income and assets,
insecurity and ill health, and possibly their willingness to participate with WV in
the future. Children and community leaders also recalled their vulnerable state in
the aftermath of the disaster when relief distributions were reportedly delayed.
Those few late projects were relief distributions and shelter activities as cited as
by WV staff, children’s FGD and community leaders, and by some households
(see above point). Delays were due to procurement and logistics issues as noted
by WV staff and programme documents. Community validation participants also
confirmed the tardiness of some shelter distributions, and that because some
households had already started their repairs the materials were sold.
WV surveyed staff reported that learning from past disasters contributed to the
readiness of the Response strategy and staff deployment. Improvements were
suggested for the timing of shelter activities, pre-positioning goods and contracts,
and streamlining procurement and administrative processes.
Key programme reports discussed the delays associated with logistics and
procurement and the pro-active decisions made to address the processes causing
the issues. At 90-days, the THR addressed the need for expedited, decentralised
decision-making around distributions and developed a logistics information
database. At 6-months and one-year, the challenges involved finding qualified
procurement and technical staff and finding adequate sources/suppliers for
materials (particularly for shelter and livelihoods projects), which are problems
inherent to all large-scale humanitarian responses where numerous agencies are
present and competing for inputs.
There was recognition early in the Response of the need to turn “outwards”
from a focus on organisational functions (i.e., staffing and logistics) to increased
external coordination as an important shift for the recovery phase. This increased
partnering and coordination approach improved the connectedness,
contextualisation and communications around operations to the reality of various
stakeholders on the ground (e.g., UN and humanitarian agencies, target
communities and local government). This coordination thus had potentially
positive, though sometimes indirect, implications for the timeliness and efficiency
of activities. Yet, there were some difficulties with coordination, particularly with
school reconstruction, that resulted in delays in implementation.
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EFFICIENCY
Efficiency is defined as: To what degree did THR provide efficient support for programme
implementation? Were inputs (staff, time, money, equipment, relief goods) procured and/or used in
the best possible way to achieve outputs and could implementation have improved? Which main
factors influenced the efficiency of implementation such as supply chains, and how did this affect the
delivery of aid?
Key findings on efficiency:
Overall, the THR supported efficient grant programme implementation through
coordination that was established early-on and at all levels. Nearly two-thirds of WV
Response staff (63%) reported that WV used resources effectively and the Response was
well-organised. Field-level collaboration faced some issues related to communication and
clarification of roles. THR staff reported some important lessons learnt, namely: to
streamline grant management across functions, to include and engage all departments (e.g.,
P&C and supply chain) that have a key role to play in the grant design process, and to
strengthen adaptive management by acting on staff and community input on crucial
programming changes based on context.
Relationship between NO and Response: Coordination among leadership of
the NO, RO and Response was strong and supported the efficient implementation
of the programme. Global to field-level collaboration was strained at times due to
perceived lack of communication or consultation in decision-making, and for
instance this led to the establishment of some parallel Response resources.
Emergency management system (EMS): EMS provided a coherent
organisational structure that strengthened efficiency from the start of the
Response; some issues arose around managerial roles (as zonal rather than
sectoral) and the geographic isolation of some areas.
The main factors (inputs/processes) that increased efficiency and contributed to the
achievement of outputs were:
Preparedness: Learning and adaptations made from previous responses allowed
the RO and NO to be ready in terms of strategy, deployable staff and assessments
(e.g., readiness of smartphones);
External relations: Existing NO partnerships with the national government and
other humanitarian actors (i.e., other non-governmental organisations, cluster
coordination), as well as community and local government relationships;
Staffing: Strong operations team, secondments and international deployments;
M&E and communications: Commendable assessment efforts that provided the
evidence-base for programming, and strong communications/media to broadcast
the results; and
Relationship between NO and Response/Management: Strategic decision-
making allowed for a good transition from emergency to recovery phases.
The main factors (inputs/processes) that hindered efficiency were: (As noted above in the
timeliness section, these efficiency issues were strongly perceived by staff as contributing to
delays in timely delivery of programming.)
Preparedness and logistics: Lack of pre-positioned goods and contracts (for
procurement of supplies and for staffing) led to delays (as discussed in the previous
section on timeliness) and hindered efficiency procurement and logistics processes;
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Staffing: Staffing challenges caused by hiring delays and low retention, and gaps in
staff capacity particularly for technical roles; and
Communications within Response: Rapidly changing context combined with
sometimes lacking communication (and information sharing) between operations
and programmes effects the continuity and longer term visions of projects.
"The combination of NO, RO, and global staff was remarkable." ~WV staff
EFFECTIVENESS
Effectiveness discussion includes: To what extent did the Response activities meet their intended
purpose? Were outcomes achieved? What is the evidence of both the impacts of the Response as
well as the unintended positive and negatives effects on the affected population since the disaster?
Key findings on overall effectiveness:
Overall, the reported household benefits of receiving WV assistance included
improvements to food security (26%), household economic security (14%), shelter (11%),
hygiene (10%) and safety (10%), as well as improved well-being for children. Most staff
also believed the THR was leading to the planned positive changes.
Satisfaction with the project benefits was high (households were somewhat to
fully satisfied with 99% of the projects). Extending the length of the projects was
the most common suggestion for maximising benefits.
Examples of evidence of effectiveness by outcome and activity
Outcome 1: Typhoon-affected families and communities have improved living conditions and
access to basic services
The grant programmes contributed to achieving Outcome 1 from the relief to the recovery phases.
EOG evaluation findings show that living conditions improved, ultimately impacting the ability of
children to learn, preventing illness and safety issues and enabling health for families and
communities. The unintended effect of delayed timing and challenges with procuring adequate
materials for shelter interventions impacted the ability of some families to build back better.
Shelter: Four of five families (81%) that
received shelter assistance are satisfied.
Children agreed that shelter reconstruction
was the most useful for addressing their
priority shelter needs. Yet, the timing of
materials distributions and the quantity of
materials to households impacted the
effectiveness of the assistance for some
households, see the quote below from an
adult community validation participant from
Panay.
“The build back better principles were not adopted because the materials were lacking and quality of some
materials like the coco lumber were inferior (not mature enough).” ~ adult
“Many agencies came to help us, World Vision was one of them who gave us food and tarpaulins.”~ boy
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NFI distribution: Provision of relief goods (NFI and food) in the aftermath of the typhoon was a
key way to address the immediate needs of children and their families, as shown through children’s
FGD and programme documentation. The community validation process confirmed this finding;
Panay and North Cebu participants described how emergency relief distributions allowed them to
temporarily cope with household needs and to focus on finding shelter repair materials and clearing
Debris (see quote below).
“The people are very happy to have received the NFI because they were not expecting to have received that
kind of intervention. Families do not have the capacity to buy NFI items as their income is just enough for
expenses for food.” ~ adult
WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE (WASH): Over four out of five households (83%) are
able to meet their needs for clean, safe drinking water. Just three percent of East Leyte and 15% of
West Leyte households report no toilet facility at EOG. All households reported at least one
instance when they wash their hands, with an average of three instances reported by households;
though North Cebu households reported fewer times when they wash their hands compared to all
other zones. East and West Leyte households, with WASH recovery activities supported by DFATD
2 and ADH, show improvements in access to clean water, sanitation facilities and hygiene practices
as generally compared to rehabilitation phase baseline results. During the community validation
process East Leyte participants confirmed the following finding: because of WV’s timely assistance,
community members have access to toilet facilities, they have access to safe water, and people also
have increased awareness of hygiene and sanitation practices for the prevention of disease for
children. In addition, West Leyte participants confirmed that WV’s provision of latrine materials
helped to improve sanitation in the community and to decrease open defecation; in terms of water
supply, child participants reported ongoing issues with access to a safe, reliable water source and
some households resort to buying bottled water.
Child protection/education and health: CFS and WAYCS supported the safety, health and
education of children and mothers and contributed to the improved well-being of families, as agreed
by children and caregiver beneficiaries, caregiver husbands and WV staff.
"Many children had been playing by the road side and begging, but after CFS, all the children were inside, being
listened to and playing.” ~ WV staff
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CASH FOR WORK/ASSETS: Children and community leaders recognised the benefits of CFW
for providing household employment opportunities, restoring community assets, and building upon
the community willingness to contribute to their own recovery. Key monitoring and programme
documents confirmed that most CFW beneficiaries were satisfied, and that the benefits extended to
environmental protection, disaster risk reduction, food security (e.g., providing families with an
income source to access food) and the well-being of communities. Community validation confirmed
the usefulness of the CFW in helping families recover and benefiting the community.
Outcome 2: Typhoon-affected families have restored affected livelihoods and increased
capital and asset base
While the grants may not have contributed directly to the aim of Outcome 2, or have just started,
the grant-funded Response activities have likely prevented families from further food insecurity as
well as loss of livelihood assets and capital—while there was not HH survey data directly related to
this, community validation provided some confirmation. Most households recognised WV assistance
as an important contributor to their ability to meet the top household expense, which is most often
food. Through the provision of relief goods and shelter reconstruction assistance, families can then
focus their limited income on household food needs and other priorities, such as health and
education. In addition, the tools and
materials provided through CFW, latrine
and shelter Type A and B assistance are
part of the household asset base.
Livelihoods: DFATD 2 and ADH
contributed to Outcome 2 interventions
through livelihoods support activities in East
and West Leyte zones in the recovery
phase. However, the livelihoods activities
just started at the time of the EOG survey.
Among households who are able to meet
their top expenses, most (84%) attribute
involvement in WV projects as helpful
either partially or fully in meeting that expense. Yet, for the vast majority of households (87%) staple
food is their top expense, as well as the primary reason for debt. A notable difference from post-
distribution monitoring reports is that shelter is no longer the second major expense for the EOG
households, but education and health costs instead. Casual labour continues to be the main income
source—though not enough for many households meet their top expense, nor to restore livelihood
assets; a finding that is reiterated in the community validation process. Over half of households
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(53%) have debt, and food purchase is the primary reason for loans. Most households report no cash
savings (82%).
Children cite family separation as a consequence of destroyed livelihoods. Migration for work in the
month prior to the survey was reported by eight percent of households.
Outcome 4: Typhoon-affected communities, families including children are empowered to
inform World Vision Response programming
The grant programmes contributed to the achievement of Outcome 4. THR was designed to focus
on humanitarian accountability (HA) activities from the start of the relief phase through the recovery
strategy, and WV showed strong commitment and leadership in this area. Beneficiary and local
government perspectives were integrated into the management of programs. Overall, these HA
efforts to engage the target families and communities significantly contributed to improving the
programme activities.
Accountability: Outcome 4 activities were supported by all four grant programmes, and HA
measures were employed in the design and implementation of the programmes. WV staff named HA
as an area for continued improvement in both the short and long-term. From the community
leaders’ perspective, 78% would recommend WV to another community based on their experience
and most felt communications with WV were effective. Household satisfaction varies for the four
HA components, with a general trend of North Cebu households citing the highest rate of full
satisfaction and West Leyte the lowest:
Information provision: Most households (75%) are fully satisfied with the information
they received about World Vision and the relief programme. The barangay council or
barangay/community assembly were the most commonly cited sources of information across
zones, an important consideration in the structural-oriented follow-up phase in which there
is close coordination with local government structures for rehabilitation.
Participation and input: Two-thirds of households (67%) are fully satisfied with the
mechanisms provided by WV for them and their communities to give input on activities and
programmes. WV not only gathered input from children, families and communities for the
DME of programmes and response phases, but also returned to the communities to share
the key findings and asked for community validation (see quote below). WV staff suggested
that HA processes engage communities in project design and stay connected after response
activities have ended.
Feedback and complaints mechanisms: Just over half of households (54%) reported
they are fully satisfied with how feedback and complaints were welcomed. WV succeeded in
ensuring a help desk was present at every distribution and a feedback box in every target
community, yet households still reported they didn’t know what mechanisms were available.
The most common methods were reporting to community leaders (purok or barangay) or
assembly, and while one in five households was aware of the suggestion box, this method
was not among the top methods used by households, with a similar trend with the SMS/text
method.
Response to complaints: Approximately half of households (50%) are fully satisfied with
how WV responded to feedback and complaints provided by them and the community. The
HA team worked hard to close the feedback loop, providing responses to feedback to
beneficiaries and passing on the feedback to relevant sectors.
Community validation process participants from North Cebu and East Leyte confirmed their
satisfaction with the WV information provision and their preference for providing feedback. Panay
adult and child participants expressed gratitude for the Response efforts of WV as well as the
opportunity through the community validation process to learn more about WV assistance and to
voice their thoughts and concerns.
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“It is good that we are able to share our ideas on how WV could better provide assistance.
It is encouraging for us.” ~ adult
RESILIENCE
This section discusses evidence of WV achieving the overall programme goal through the support of
the grant programmes:
“To strengthen the resilience of typhoon-affected communities and families
including children.”
The Response Programme uses resilience capacities and vulnerabilities as the framework for
understanding how target populations have been affected by, are coping with and recovering from
Typhoon Haiyan. The relief phase aimed to reduce vulnerability, alleviate suffering, save lives and
promote human dignity by meeting the immediate needs of affected families. These relief phase
objectives were meant to facilitate recovery of target households and communities across the WV
zones. Findings are presented on household exposure and preparedness to future disasters, and the
accomplishments and challenges to building resilience through absorptive capacity. Building upon the
previous results this section will then describe children’s current priority problems and the food
security and coping behaviours reported by households at EOG as an indication of household
resilience.
Key findings on overall programme goal:
WV grant activities, namely living conditions achievements from Outcome 1 and
community empowerment from Outcome 4, have laid the foundation for building
resilience and improving well-being outcomes.
Overall, households show the motivation and determination to recover despite
setbacks from recurrent disasters, which WV assistance has supported. East
Leyte households in particular are resolved to cope with future shocks.
The following is evidence of the achievements and challenges experienced by households
in improving their ability to deal with shocks through strengthened absorptive resilience
capacity:
Exposure to subsequent shocks have set back many households,
particularly in East Leyte. Nearly all households (97%) have faced another
disaster since Typhoon Haiyan and four out of five households have faced
challenges in coping with these subsequent disasters. East Leyte households were
hit the hardest and are significantly more likely to face challenges in coping as
compared to North Cebu or Panay, and East Leyte adults and children were
eating significantly fewer daily meals at EOG compared to other zones.
WV assistance helped most households to be able to recover better.
The majority of households (83%) agreed they were better able to recover
either partially or fully as a result of WV assistance, though about one-third of
East and West Leyte households (35%) did not feel they were better able to
recover as a result of WV assistance. Children had a strong perception of family
and community-driven activities addressing most of their priority needs, with
WV assistance playing a part along with help from government and others.
Households hit the hardest by recent disasters have the strongest
perception of their preparedness for future shocks. About two-thirds of
households (67%) feel they are fully prepared to deal with the adverse effects of
a forthcoming major disaster, and notably, East Leyte households that have been
repeatedly hit the hardest by disasters have the highest Response rate of feeling
xvii | P a g e
fully prepared, though actual ability to be prepared is another factor considering
HH economics results for this zone.
Better preparedness involves stronger shelter, livelihoods, healthcare,
and early warning information. Of the households that were not fully
prepared for future disaster, their most common needs for becoming better
prepared are stronger, disaster-resistant shelter (80%), followed by livelihoods
and income, access to healthcare, and access to early warning and preparedness
information.
The priority problem for children has shifted to education, followed by
food and livelihoods. Household food security may show improvement
related to less negative coping. East Leyte households scored the highest in
the coping strategies index: 62.9, which is significantly higher than the other
zones and zonal average of 58.0. In all, while household members are not often
skipping meals or days without eating, nor are they foraging and eating rotten
foods, their food security situation is tenuous—as the fragility of meeting their
food needs depends on work trade, debt, and reducing investments in their
longer term well-being.
CONCLUSION
Overall, despite the challenges, this evaluation concludes the grant programmes were relevant,
timely, efficient and effective as significant components of the larger WV Response. Some delays and
inefficiencies were due to procurement and logistics issues, and mitigation measures were taken by
WV; though delays with shelter repair assistance may have impacted the effectiveness of those
activities for some households.
The grant programmes directly contributed to achievements of Outcomes 1 and 4, while
contributing to Outcome 2 by stabilising the emergency needs. Evaluation findings show that living
conditions have improved, ultimately impacting the ability of children to learn, preventing illness and
safety issues and enabling health for families and communities. The limited livelihoods activities that
took place, in tandem with the other response activities, likely prevented families from further food
insecurity and negative coping strategies that would hinder their future livelihoods. In addition, HA
was foundational for the activities, as WV worked hard to ensure that the needs and voices of
beneficiary families and communities were heard and responded to.
Finally, resilience capacity has been strengthened in target households and communities, evident by
their motivation and determination to prepare for and recover from future shocks. The gains in food
security, shelter, education and health must be protected through longer-term livelihood strategies,
and disaster risk reduction activities that continue to reinforce shelters and work with communities
for early warning and preparedness plans.
Recommendations: guiding questions
The following list is comprised of key questions for future Responses based on evaluation findings
and suggestions from the community validation process.
Relevance:
While WV’s beneficiary selection criteria process was commendable, are there refinements to the geographic
and strategic positioning issues that could be addressed before the next Response?
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Timeliness and efficiency:
How will WV build upon the learning from THR to further prepare, pre-position and make adjustments to
P&C processes, procurement and logistics prior to the next Response?
Effectiveness:
How will WV further connect shelter and livelihoods needs in the future, particularly to enable livelihoods
supports earlier in the Response and to a larger degree?
How can WV promote community ownership and utilisation of HA mechanisms, and how can mechanisms
be tailored to the type of feedback, activity, context, even zone? If HA continues to be elevated to a stand-
alone Response outcome, how can the reporting of output and outcome level indicators improve to show the
level of community involvement and empowerment and the number of complaints addressed by WV?
Resilience:
Related to the above question on livelihoods/shelter, how will WV further integrate shelter and livelihoods
issues (i.e., relief and recovery activities) to strengthening absorptive capacity? Can WV provide follow-up
support to households facing barriers to building back better and to implementing their learning from the
BBB workshop?
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Purpose of the evaluation
The international and local humanitarian community and governments responded promptly to the
urgent needs of communities affected by Typhoon Haiyan that hit the Philippines on 8 November
2013. This report presents the results for the combined evaluation of four major grant programmes
from three donors that contributed significantly to the World Vision Typhoon Haiyan Response
(THR): Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development (DFATD, two
programmes), Aktion Deutschland Hilft (ADH, Germany’s Relief Coalition) and Samenwerkende
Hulporganisaties (SHO, or Cooperating Aid Agencies of the Netherlands).
The purpose of this end-of-grant (EOG) evaluation is to understand how four grant programmes of
the larger World Vision THR contributed to the recovery of the affected, target populations in the
relief and recovery phases of the Response.2,3 Particularly, how the THR in the four zones
contributed to achieving the Response outcomes and the goal of building resilience capacity, i.e., the
ability to cope with and bounce back from a disaster.
The evaluation is based on the four specific evaluation criteria used by World Vision’s Humanitarian
and Emergency Affairs (HEA): relevance, timeliness, efficiency and effectiveness.4 The four criteria, as
they relate to achieving the outcomes and goal of the Response, serve as the main framework for
presenting the evaluation findings. These evaluation criteria are defined and agreed by WV and the
donors as the following:
1. Relevance- How well did THR correspond to local needs and priorities? How did WV target
the most vulnerable populations, and what were the challenges of reaching vulnerable, affected
populations? Did the project address priority problems faced by the target areas and
communities and was the project consistent with policies of both donors and recipient
governments (or agencies)?
2. Timeliness- To what degree did THR implement timely Response activities? Did the
programme respond in a timely manner to the affected community’s needs? What affected
timely delivery of assistance (including coordination issues), and what measures were taken by
WV to address the issues?
3. Efficiency- To what degree did THR provide efficient support for programme implementation?
Were inputs (staff, time, money, equipment, relief goods) procured and/or used in the best
possible way to achieve outputs and could implementation have improved? Which main factors
influenced the efficiency of implementation such as supply chains, and how did this affect the
delivery of aid?
4. Effectiveness- To what extent did the Response activities meet their intended purpose? Were
outcomes achieved? What is the evidence of both the impacts of the Response as well as the
unintended positive and negatives effects on the affected population since the disaster?
Resilience goal: This section discusses the evidence of WV meeting the overall programme goal to
strengthen the resilience of typhoon-affected communities. Findings are presented on household
exposure and preparedness to future disasters, and the accomplishments and challenges to building
resilience through absorptive capacity. Building upon the previous results this section will then
describe children’s current priority problems and the food security and coping behaviours reported
by households at EOG as an indication of household resilience.
2 Note the limitation of attributing impacts to grants in methodology section. 3 Per the WV THR 12-Month Report, the relief phase (9 Nov 2013-30 Apr 2014) overlapped the recovery
phase (1 Feb-30 Dec 2014) for three months to continue meeting the urgent needs of target communities. 4 These criteria are also aligned with OECD/DAC evaluation standards. Source: OECD. 1991. Development
Assistance Committee (DAC) Principles for Evaluation of Development Assistance.
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Summary of methods
This section provides a summary of the mixed methods approach used for the EOG evaluation.
Refer to Annex B for a detailed description of the training, tools, sampling/participation, analysis
approach and limitations for the qualitative and quantitative primary data collection.
Fieldwork: Managed by the THR and World Vision (WV) Development Foundation (Philippines
national office, NO), fieldwork took place the beginning of February 2015 and occurred in four
distinct zones. Figure 1 shows the geographic locations of the four zones surveyed: East Leyte,
West Leyte, North Cebu, and Panay. Data analysis and compilation of quantitative and qualitative
reports were conducted from February through April 2015.
The fieldwork included the following qualitative and quantitative primary data collection methods:
Qualitative data
Focus group discussions (FGD) with children
Community leader (CL) survey
Key informant interviews (KII) with WV staff
(from real-time evaluation April/ May 2014)
Quantitative data
Household (HH) survey— designed for
statistically representative sample of WV
programme areas at the household level
Figure 1: Country map indicating four EOG survey zones
Map adapted from: WV THR. (Rehabilitation Phase) Baseline Survey Report. June 2014.
Panay
North Cebu
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
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Participation: A total of 1,386 households participated in the quantitative survey, 40 in the CL
survey, and 231 children (ages 12-17) participated in 16 FGDs, which included a nearly even split of
girls (49%) and boys (51%). Table 1 provides a breakdown of participation by tool and by zone.
Table 1: EOG evaluation community participation, by tool and zone
Zone # HH surveyed
# CL
participants1
# FGD
participants girls boys
East Leyte 361 10 26 29
West Leyte 338 10 27 32
North Cebu 341 10 30 31
Panay 346 10 30 26
subtotals 1386 40 113 118
Total EOG survey participants 1386 40 231 1 CL tool did not capture gender of respondent, it is assumed most/all were male.
Mixed methods approach: This report triangulates data from primary and secondary sources. The
primary data are from three quantitative and qualitative sources (listed above) that provide information
from various beneficiary perspectives; the secondary data are drawn from previously collected KIIs and
other surveys with WV staff and a review of over 35 key programme documents (see Annex H for desk
review bibliography).
TANGO International compiled the HH survey findings, along with the findings identified by World
Vision in the CL, KII, FGD and community validation processes to produce this report. Survey data were
analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Point estimates for output which contains fewer than 30 observations
are not reported. In place of the point estimate in the tables the reader will find “N/A” (Not Available).
For analysis, cases are weighted to account for the differing population sizes in each of the four World
Vision zones. Therefore the reader should note that taking the “average” of the zone point estimates will
not equal the point estimate reported for the total sample. Unless otherwise noted, the data are
presented as whole numbers for proportions and to one decimal place for averages (means) and scores.
Data for currency values are reported to two decimal places. All data tables may be found in Annex C.
A strategy of triangulation was used by examining the agreement or disagreement of findings across the
various data sources and from different perspectives, adding a deeper level of understanding to the
results. The report also includes feedback from the community validation process, which adds
another layer of depth for interpreting the data and for discussing the contribution of the grant
programmes towards the recovery of the target communities. A total of 294 women, men, girls and boys
participated in the community validation of key evaluation findings across the four zones in April 2015.
See Annex D for the full results of the process.
Limitations: While not a reflection of the quality of the EOG data, there are several limitations to
consider when interpreting the findings: 1) Design: There were no baseline data for the relief phase and
no counterfactual at EOG with which to compare the evaluation findings, thus limiting the measurement
of effectiveness and the impact attributed to the grant programmes. As a result, the HH survey findings
are compared to other data sources wherever possible in order to further understand the effectiveness
and impact of the grant Response interventions. 2) Timing: The THR grant projects were short term in
nature (typically less than six months in duration). Many projects were completed up to nine or ten
months before the survey; conversely, some livelihoods and shelter interventions were still ongoing at
the time of the survey. In an effort to gather useful data, recall and perceived benefit data from children
and adults were collected. Triangulation with major trends or themes across data sources has been
necessary to further explain the HH data.
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Overview of grant programmes
Table 2 summarises the four grant programmes in terms of total budget, start and end dates, activity
targets and outputs realised to-date. DFATD 1 was implemented during the relief phase and DFATD
2 provided funding from the same donor for recovery phase activities focused in a different
geographic zone. SHO was primarily a relief phase contribution, with shelter toolkits that extended
into the recovery, and ADH began mid-relief and extended through the recovery phase (phase I of
ADH included in this evaluation). The sum of the total budgets of these grant programmes
comprises approximately 23% of the total budget for the relief and recovery phase of the WV
Response.5 All completed activities show that outputs for the grants have been met or exceeded.6
Table 2: Grant programme overview, budget, timeframe, activity targets and outputs
Grant Budget
(USD)
Timeframe
[phase]
Activity targets1 Targets realised
DFATD 1 $1,749,216 Nov. 2013-
May 2014
[relief]
1.Shelter kits: 5000 HH 1. 6,000 HH
2.Non-food item (NFI) kits: 10000
HH
2. 17,202 HH
3.Hygiene kits: 10000 HH 3. 10,650 HH
4.Solar lamps: 14840 HH 4. 14,834 HH
5.Child-friendly space (CFS): 1820
girls/ boys
5. 3,355 girls/boys
6.Women and young children spaces
(WAYCS): 840 WAYC 6. 2,543 women/ 1,340 young
children
DFATD 2 $2,989,472 Feb. 2014-
Jan. 2015
[recovery]
1. Shelter (A & B): 2000 HH
2. Cash for work (CFW): 1,670 HH
3. Water systems: 2000 HH (or
10,000 people)
4. Latrines (Package A/B, PhATS):
2500 HH, hygiene promotion:
12500 people
5. Livelihood trainings/ business
start-up: 750 HH
1. 2005 HH (Type A: 1884/
B: 121)
2. 3383 HH/participants
3. 14,585 people (L1: 2824/
L2: 11,761)
4. 2521 HH (Package A: 986/
Package B: 185/ CLTS: 1350),
hygiene promotion: 12,605
5. 785 HH
SHO $851,935 Nov. 2013-
Feb. 2014
(extended to
July 2014)
[relief]
1. NFI: 4570 HH
2. Hygiene kits: 4570 HH
3. Shelter kits: 4570 HH
Additionally: Programme
management support
1. 5861 HH
2. 8443 HH
3. 4570 HH, plus 5389 shelter
tool kits (recovery)
ADH
(phase I)
$4,728,334 Jan. 2014-
Dec. 2014
(extended to
March 2015)
[mid-relief to
recovery]
1. Shelter (A & B): 4550 HH (Type
A: 4151/ B: 399)
2. CFW: 2850 HH
3. Latrines: 4550 HH (Package
A:4151/ B: 399)
4. Livelihood- livestock: 517 HH/
agriculture: 45 community gardens
(benefitting 2020 people)
1. 4530 HH (Type A: 4151/ B:
379)
2. 2850 participants
3. 4530 HH (Package A:4151/
B: 379)
4. 517 HH/ 45 community
gardens
5 $11,116,250/$48,812,299 USD, calculation by TANGO International. 6 WV THR. Evaluation Requirements. January 2015; other sources included the grant proposals. Note: this
evaluation scope does not discuss the budgetary process for accounting for exceeding output targets.
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1 Activity kit/package descriptions:
Shelter kits: Two 4m x 6m tarpaulins and one 20m rope per HH, per SPHERE and IFRC standards
NFI kits: Blankets, mosquito nets, plastic mats and can openers
Hygiene kits: Bath soap, laundry soap, sanitary pads, and underwear (gender-sensitive); and replenishment items
Shelter Type A and B: Shelter construction materials (lumber, nails, paint, etc.) and toolkits; Type B includes construction
assistance for the most vulnerable HH
Latrines Package A and B: Kits include three bags of cement, two floor grates, sets of piping, toilet bowl and reinforcement bar/ Package B includes construction assistance for the most vulnerable HH
Geographic zones and sampling frame: DFATD 1 was implemented in all Response areas
except for the West Leyte zone, and the DFATD 2 was implemented only in West Leyte. The SHO
programme was implemented in all Response areas, and the ADH programming took place in East
Leyte only. Table 3 shows the sampling frame by barangay, grantor and sectors.
Table 3: Grant programme overview, disaggregated by surveyed barangay and grant
Zone Municipality Barangay Grant Relief & recovery sectors
East Leyte Tacloban Palanog DFATD1 Relief: Shelter kit, WASH (hygiene
kit), NFI, protection (solar lamps),
education (CFS, transitioned to
temporary learning spaces, TLS),
health (WAYCS), CFW
Recovery: Shelter (A&B), WASH,
livelihoods, CFW (community
infrastructure)
Sto Nino DFATD1
Alang-alang San Antonio ADH, DFATD1
Dagami Hitumnog ADH
Sawahon
Dulag Calipayan ADH
Salvacion
San Jose
Tabontabon Mercaduhay DFATD1
San Pablo SHO
West
Leyte
Albuera Damulaan SHO Relief: Shelter kit, WASH (hygiene
kit), NFI
Recovery: Shelter (A&B) and toolkits
in SHO locations, WASH
latrines/hygiene promotion and
systems, livelihoods, CFW
(community infrastructure)
Matag-ob Riverside DFATD2
Masaba
Merida Libjo Orm DFATD2
Lamanoc
Ormoc Camp Downes SHO
Donghol SHO
Patag SHO
Villaba Balite DFATD2
Suba
North
Cebu
Bogo Santa Rosario DFATD1 Relief: Shelter kit, WASH (hygiene
kit), NFI, protection (solar lamps),
education (CFS/ TLS), health
(WAYCS)
Recovery: Note: this office phased
out in March with shelter toolkit
distributions (SHO) to May,
transition completed Aug. 2014
Taytayan DFATD1
Medellin Caputatan North DFATD1, SHO
Gibitngil DFATD1, SHO
Sogod Pansoy DFATD1
Tabogon Camoboan DFATD1
Libjo Ceb DFATD1
Loong DFATD1, SHO
Manlagtang DFATD1
Sambag DFATD1
Panay Bingawan Poblacion DFATD1, SHO Relief: Shelter kit, WASH (hygiene
kit), NFI, protection (solar lamps),
education (CFS/ TLS), health
(WAYCS)
Recovery: Note: this office phased
out in March 2014 (SHO shelter
toolkits in recovery), and transition
process is ongoing with ADP and
Local Government Units (LGU)
Maayon Cabungahan DFATD1
Pilar Sinamongan DFATD1, SHO
Estancia Botongon DFATD1
Gogo DFATD1
Pa-on DFATD1, SHO
Batan (Aklan) Camaligan DFATD1, SHO
Camanci DFATD1
Magpagong DFATD1
Mambuquiao DFATD1, SHO
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Relief to recovery phase targeting: The grant programmes fit within the targeting strategy of
the larger Response programme, thus, it is occasionally necessary to describe the THR as a whole
throughout this report. The THR relief phase (six months) ended in March 2014 with recovery
activities officially starting in April 2014. Due to procurement among other delays (see II. Timeliness
discussion) the recovery shelter activities generally started May-June and the livelihood activities
from November 2014-January 2015.
With the assistance of the Overview of Affected Municipalities (OAM) tool and the Barangay
Prioritisation Assessment Tool (BPAT) developed by the Information Management team, the
geographical focus for the recovery phase decreased from 44 municipalities to 12 of the most
severely impacted municipalities and barangays, mostly in the Leyte zones.7 The programming
continued in the remaining areas, and Response offices were phased out in North Cebu and Panay in
March 2014. The DFATD 2 shifted geographic focus to West Leyte (see the maps in Figure 2).
Figure 2: Map of Response locations by zone and relief or recovery phase
Source: WV THR, provided April 2015.
Targeting strategy: Emergency relief supplies (food and NFI) were blanket distributions in the
communities. THR sought to build an integrated Response based on the priority needs and reaching
7 WV THR. 90-day Report. March 2014.
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the most vulnerable families, namely those with destroyed homes. For interventions beyond the
emergency relief distributions, such as shelter, WASH and livelihoods, WV selection criteria
involved severity of damage to the home, female-headed households, the elderly and people with
disabilities in both area development programme (ADP) and non-ADP communities.
Household demographics of target zones at EOG: The average household size across zones
is five members: two members under the age of 15, zero to one elderly member and two to three
adults. The survey respondent, an indication of the head of household, is typically male (77%) and
their average age is 48 years (see Table 50 in Annex C).
Household and community recognition of main Response projects: The surveyed
households were both direct (household level) and indirect (community level) beneficiaries of World
Vision assistance. Most households (92%) confirmed that they had benefited from World Vision
assistance after Typhoon Haiyan, including activities other than the four grant programmes (see
Table 18, Annex C), with an average of two activities per household.8 The main THR activities the
surveyed households benefited from or participated in directly are: 30% food distributions, 19% NFI
distributions, 17% shelter and 17% WASH (note: activities have been grouped by project)(Figure 3).
These indeed align with the main Response projects of the larger WV THR and, apart from food
distributions that are not covered by the four grant programmes, all other projects include the
activities of the grant programmes in the surveyed zones. Community leaders named 40 different
activities carried out by WV, the most common of which were: Food and NFI distributions, shelter
(Type A and B), latrines (Type A and B), CFW, hygiene kits, animal dispersal and livelihoods
trainings, among others, which also aligns with the WV THR projects (see Figure 37 in Annex C).
Figure 3: Types of WV Response activities that HHs benefited from/participated
in (n=13861)
1 This n represents the number of HHs, and the total number of activities named by the HHs is 2956.
The timeframe of the activities that households reported benefiting from/participating in shows that
most activities (64%) lasted six months or less, which corresponds with the timeframe of the relief
phase of the THR. One-third (33%) of the activities extended beyond six months or over one year,
which corresponds with the recovery project timeframes that followed the relief phase (Figure 4).
8 The households that answered “no” benefit (seven percent) or “don’t know” (one percent) were included in
analysis because they would have benefited indirectly at the community level, for instance from a community
asset restored through a WV cash for work project.
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Figure 4: Average number of months that WV activities occurred (n=13861)
1 This n represents the number of HHs, and the total number of activities for which a timeframe
was provided is 2958.
With the limitation that most grant activities were completed months before the EOG evaluation,
these results suggest that the EOG evaluation sampled Response beneficiaries who still accurately
recall the WV assistance they received from the relief and recovery phases. For more discussion of
the timing limitations see Annex B: Methodology.
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Evaluation criteria
I. RELEVANCE
Relevance to donor, government and WV strategy: The grant programmes fit within the larger
Response strategy that aligned with the policies and priorities of the donors, government and
humanitarian partners, and the NO, according to Response documents.9,10,11 Strategic alignment and
coordination with WVDF was a principal component of how the Response was managed, including
alignment of the Response strategy with the WV child well-being outcomes.12 Based on the long-
standing presence of WVDF and their partnerships with government, UN agencies and clusters,
donors, international non-governmental organisations (INGOs), churches and community based
organisations, the Response actively coordinated and engaged with these stakeholders to ensure
complementarity and congruence of efforts. The WV THR aligned with the key sectors of shelter,
WASH and livelihoods (emphasising quick impact projects like CFW) outlined by the Strategic
Response Plan (SRP) of the Humanitarian Country Team. THR participated in inter-agency
assessments and the clusters for shelter, health, protection, WASH, accountability and gender. WV
staff indicated in the real-time evaluation (RTE) that participation in clusters enabled WV to
influence other agencies, for example, improving standards for materials to be distributed and
prompting community engagement.13
THR engaged numerous government offices, including the Government of Philippines Department of
Health, Department of Education, Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD),
Department of Trade and Industry and the Department of Labour and Employment (for livelihoods
training coordination for ADH), and with LGUs. In some cases this meant heeding the call for
partnership where gaps in government capacity existed such as rehabilitating local water supply
systems and community hand pumps (pertaining to DFATD 2).
Relevance to needs: This section demonstrates that WV Response activities supported by the four
grant programmes and implemented in the weeks and months after Typhoon Haiyan were designed
to address the most urgent needs of the affected population. Based on those needs identified as
most urgent in the November 2013 rapid assessment, WV’s overall Response focused on food and
shelter, including NFI and relief items, with integrated programming also addressing livelihoods,
water, health, education and community infrastructure.14
The rapid assessment showed that the
priority problems for Cebu and Panay
Island were food and shelter, followed by
livelihoods/income, water, health and
education. The ranking of priority
problems in the rapid assessment
differed slightly for East and West Leyte,
where food was still the priority need,
followed by water, health and shelter.
These needs were confirmed again
during the focus groups with children
conducted during the EOG evaluation.
9 WV THR/WVDF. SHO Netherlands Final Report (Draft). 24 July 2014. 10 World Vision Canada. DFATD 2 Proposal. 2 January 2014. 11 World Vision Germany. ADH Proposal. 7 July 2014. 12 WV THR. Typhoon Haiyan Response Strategy. 9 October 2014. 13 WV THR/WVI. Real Time Evaluation, Final Report. May 2014. 14 WV THR/WVDF. Rapid Assessment Report Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda). November 2013.
10 | P a g e
Boys and girls were provided with findings from the rapid assessment conducted in the aftermath of
the typhoon and were asked to compare the problems identified as priorities by adults (i.e., in the
HH survey portion of the rapid assessment) to those they remembered during that time. The
children’s results matched those of the post-typhoon adult results, both of which pointed first to
hunger and food scarcity, followed by shelter and livelihoods as the most important problems they
faced in the early aftermath of the typhoon (Table 4). While both adults and children also mentioned
water and education as problems, children prioritised education over water and health,15 whereas
adults prioritised water and health (see Figure 38 in Annex C). Apart from food distributions, which
were conducted in partnership with World Food Programme (WFP), activities supported through
the grant programmes addressed these priority needs.
Table 4: Priority problems in aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan
Children (recall post-Haiyan)1 Adults (rapid assessment)2
Food scarcity/hunger Food scarcity/hunger
Shelter Shelter
Livelihoods/work/income Livelihoods/work/income
Education Water and health Source: THR EOG evaluation qualitative report, March 2015. 1 Children’s FGD of EOG evaluation, n=231 2 Adult respondents of HH survey of Nov/Dec 2013 rapid assessment, n=445
The vast majority (92%) of surveyed World Vision staff involved in the Response effort agreed that
the relief phase was appropriate to the priority needs of targeted people.16 At that time staff cited
targeting issues—both geographic and strategic—as impacting WV’s ability to meet the needs of
those affected by the disaster. Challenges included:
the time it took to geographically target the most vulnerable and those receiving less
assistance from other NGOs (e.g., establishing the THR in East and West Leyte);
the resource and time limitations in reaching the most vulnerable while also responding to
the needs of ADP communities where WV had prior investments in their well-being; and
addressing the issue that qualifying criteria for beneficiary selection (based on shelter
beneficiaries) may have excluded households with devastated livelihoods but less damaged
homes.17
At EOG, a few community leaders echoed the concerns of WV staff, commenting that Response
activities could have better addressed needs in their communities, possibly by better understanding
community needs prior to WV’s planning of the Response projects. Though, this is not further
elaborated by community leaders. WV indeed conducted needs assessments prior to project
planning.
Households were asked who they felt were the main beneficiaries for each of the WV typhoon-
Response activities in which a household reported participating (note: this includes food
distributions, which is not supported by the grant programmes). Figure 5 shows that 61% of the
typhoon-Response activities in which a household reported participating were perceived to benefit
everyone in the community. One-quarter were perceived to benefit poor households, while 19%
were perceived to benefit households with partially or totally damaged shelters.
15 Most children explained education problems related to damaged schools and school supplies. 16 SurveyMonkey® April 2014, n=39. 17 WV THR/WVI. Real Time Evaluation, Final Report. May 2014.
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Figure 5: Main beneficiaries of WV THR activities (n=13861)
1 The n represents the total number of HHs, and with multiple responses the total project
beneficiaries reported by households is 3061.
* E.g., HH with WV sponsored children; child-headed HH; HH of community leaders ** Other responses: HH without latrines or electricity; HH who did not receive other assistance;
HH ready for livelihood support; HH without income or employment, etc.
The beneficiaries by project type supported by the grant programmes (as reported by the HH
survey) shows that the main beneficiaries of NFI were everyone in the community (75%), the
beneficiaries of shelter programmes were most often those with damaged homes (51%) and poor
households were the beneficiaries of CFW (50%) and livelihoods (55%) activities (see Table 23,
Annex C). The selection of beneficiaries was considered satisfactory for nearly all (94%) of the WV
typhoon-related activities listed by households, with little variation across zones. Dissatisfaction with
beneficiary selection resulted from a perception that deserving people were left out, undeserving
people were included, or that there was favouritism in the selection of beneficiaries (see Table 24 in
Annex C).18 Analysis of satisfaction with beneficiary selection by project and zone (and excluding
food) shows highest satisfaction with WASH and NFI (96% each) and lowest with CFW (85%);
within zones this pattern generally holds, expect for East Leyte that had lowest satisfaction with
livelihoods activities (78%) (see Table 25, Annex C). The high levels of satisfaction with beneficiary
selection for NFI and WASH may be related to the broad reach of those activities (refer back to
activity targets in Table 2), and the visible benefit to “everyone” in the community as perceived by
the households.
Overall, WV typhoon-Response activities were perceived by beneficiaries to be satisfactory in terms
of their targeting of beneficiaries, and their perceptions of who benefits generally align with WV’s
targeting strategy, which includes: Everyone in the community (with blanket emergency distributions
and repair of community assets such as water systems), as well as the most vulnerable households
(e.g., poor households, those with significantly damaged shelter, female-headed households, and
households with elderly, young children or people with disabilities). The humanitarian accountability
(HA) team led the beneficiary selection criteria development, which was aligned with the
government’s DSWD poor and vulnerability criteria. WV’s approach was considered best practice
by the Shelter Cluster, based on analysis of context and humanitarian needs.19,20
18 Few households (three percent) were aware of favours being requested in order to be included as a
beneficiary. Of those reporting being aware (n=39) that favours played a role in the selection process, the
most common favours reported were for a share of the benefits and for labour (see Table 26, Annex C). 19 WV THR. 12-Month Report. November 2014.
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Usefulness of WV projects
The HH survey and FGDs further explored beneficiary perceptions of the utility of WV THR
activities showing that Response activities were appropriate for addressing the priority needs of
affected communities. As shown in Figure 6, the vast majority of households (94%) considered the
activities carried out by WV in their communities to be useful or beneficial. This ranged from nearly
all households (99%) in Panay zone considering the WV activities carried out in their communities
useful or beneficial to 88% in North Cebu. It should be noted that the grant activities ended in
North Cebu after the relief phase.
Figure 6: Percent of HHs that consider WV THR activities useful (n=1386)
*Note: Calculations of the WV EOG zone total or average cannot be done by hand because
the values across zones have been weighted.
Figure 7 shows that over one-half of the households surveyed (56%) named food distributions as the
most useful WV Response activity they benefited from, while all remaining activities were covered
by the grant programmes. This provides a glimpse of the
relevance of the grant programme activities to priority
needs and as part of the larger Response. Food
distribution was followed by the grant programme
activities of NFI distributions (31%) of solar lamps and
blankets, among other items, Type A shelter assistance
(28%) including materials and toolkit distributions, and
hygiene kits (17%). Not surprisingly, these items address
some of their basic, and most urgent needs. Indeed, the
post-distribution monitoring (PDM) of relief distributions
(including food packs, NFI, hygiene kits and shelter kits)
just weeks after the typhoon hit showed 90-95%
satisfaction by beneficiaries.21
The most useful recovery, grant-supported activity named
by benefitting households was Type B shelter assistance
(13%, shelter materials and reconstruction assistance),
followed by livelihoods support (11%), CFW (nine
20THR developed tools such as the Overview of Affected Municipalities (OAM) and the Barangay Prioritisation
Assessment Tool (BPAT) for equitable and transparent selection of target communities. Source: WV THR/
WVDF. SHO Netherlands Final Report (Draft). 24 July 2014. 21 WV THR. PDM Summary Report. 9 December 2013.
Main grant activities ordered by
beneficiaries reached:
NFI (23,063 HH)
Hygiene kits (19,093 HH)
Solar lamps (14,834 HH)
Shelter kits (10,570 HH)
Cash for work (6,233 HH)
Shelter A (6,035 HH)
Latrines A and B (5,701 HH)
Livelihoods (1,302 HH)
Shelter B (500 HH)
----
Water systems (14,585 people)
WAYCS (3,883 WAYC)
CFS (3,355 boys and girls)
Community gardens (45)
Source: Table 2. See table footnote for
kit/package descriptions.
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percent, implemented in both phases), sanitation (eight and four percent) and education (three
percent) activities. Despite the relatively low number of beneficiaries reached by the grant
programme activities for livelihoods and Type B shelter, it is notable the level of usefulness of these
activities as perceived by households (refer to box above and chart below).
For the percentages of most useful activities by zone see Table 19 in Annex C.
Figure 7: HH perceptions of most useful WV Response activities (n=1286)
Colour code: Dark blue=relief / light blue=recovery / grey=both relief and recovery
*Categories collapsed by TANGO: Livelihoods (inputs, training and business start-up) and
Education activities (TLS; repair of classrooms; distribution of student/learner kits)
**Various other activities (recovery) each accounting for n=<30 (or <1%) include: Water systems, health facility repairs, medical supplies/equipment, COMSCA, advocacy
A small number of beneficiaries in the sample indicated an additional activity that could have been
implemented or improved to maximise their perceived household benefits, the sample size is too
small (only 39 HH) to provide meaningful proportional values or to allow for comparison across
zones. However, the following activities were most commonly named, all of which are grant
activities except for food distributions:
1) Shelter materials (Type A)
2) Shelter construction (Type B)
3) Food distribution
4) Livelihoods inputs and support (animals, fisheries, etc.)
The child FGD participants cast “most useful” votes for many WV activities that supported what
they perceived as their biggest problems (food, shelter, livelihoods, and electricity as related to
communication and water), again suggested appropriate alignment of Response activities, including
the grant activities, to need (Figure 8).
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Figure 8: Children’s perceptions of the usefulness of WV THR activities
(n=693)
Source of chart data: THR EOG evaluation qualitative report, WV Philippines, March 2015.
WV activities that addressed food scarcity/hunger were considered the most useful by children
(37%), followed by shelter activities (34%) and livelihoods (22%). They also highlighted two activities
that involved their own contributions and were not necessarily connected to WV-supported
activities: cleaning and clearing roads, schools and homes, and washing dirtied clothing.
Community validation of relevance: Community validation process participants confirmed the
Response programming was relevant to post-typhoon priority problems. North Cebu community
validation participants explained that the low usefulness rating was related to the low quality of some
shelter materials and the inability of some households to begin repairs due to lack of financial
capacity to pay for labour.
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II. TIMELINESS
As the implementation of the grant programme activities fit within the larger THR, the following
findings relate to the timeliness of all WV Response activities in the communities supported by the
grant programmes.
The households reported that nearly all (98%) projects or activities were on time, with little variance
across zones (see Table 27 in Annex C). For the small number of projects reported as late, the main
areas of impact were related to: hunger, lack of household income and increased debt, community
and household assets not restored, causing conflict or security issues, compromised health, or loss
of trust in WV and willingness to participate in the future. While not statistically representative due
to this small sub-sample, two project types stand out as not being carried out on time: shelter
materials distribution and some relief goods distributions.
Conversely, timeliness issues were perceived as significant among WV staff. Surveyed WV staff
reported timeliness issues, particularly for relief distributions, such as NFI and shelter kits relating to
the grant programmes. While relief distributions were cited as being well planned, and even ahead of
other agencies, some felt the distributions were too slow considering WV’s size, with some
distributions occurring at eight weeks instead for four weeks. There were also interviewee
comments on cash programming starting late and delayed implementation of recovery shelter (see
Table 9 on programming).22 A key informant from monitoring of the WAYCS commented that the
educational sessions for women and mothers were timely and extremely important in preventing
health problems for families at a time post-disaster with pervasive sanitation and health challenges.23
Some child FGD participants also commented that relief distributions were delayed in the immediate
aftermath of the disaster when food scarcity and hunger were most felt by families. Two (out of 40)
community leaders spoke to these same issues of shelter delays and relief project delays generally
(see quotes).
“The shelter interventions took long. It was already 2014 when the shelter interventions were provided while
other NGOs provided earlier.” ~ Community leader
The KII respondents commended deployment improvements made from past learnings, and also
brought up some underlying planning and logistics issues. They spoke positively to the readiness of
the NO with a Response strategy combined with trainings and learnings from the past, including
changed policies to allow for the fast deployment of 200 NO staff and pre-positioned smart phones.
The KII findings highlighted problems with logistics and the lack of prepositioned goods, contracts
and MOUs, which led to lost time. Some referred to WV as a “lumbering giant” not adaptive or
quick enough (e.g., tarps from Dubai) (see Table 7 on preparedness).24 The 90-day report discussed
challenges that arose in the first months of the response due to the rapid scale-up of operations,
handling over 520 metric tonnes of commodities, as well as various logistics “successes” including:
establishing an information database for logistics and achieving an average lead time of 9.2 days from
procurement to arrival at warehouse. The 90-day report also explains the efforts made to address
timeliness issues:
“Many key decisions were not made as quickly as desired by staff in the field, and this
disconnect led to numerous programme quality issues, including inconsistencies in
distributions. These issues were recognised and the Response is undergoing a process of
decentralising decision-making power, technical expertise and management staff out of the
22 WV THR. EOG Evaluation KII Survey Findings, conducted by RTE. March 2014. 23 WV THR. Women and Young Children Spaces Report. May 2014. 24 WV THR EOG Evaluation KII Survey Findings, conducted by RTE. March 2014.
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Cebu command centre to the Zonal Offices; following that, the Response will further
decentralise to fill in its Recovery Phase footprint with the relevant staffing and resources.”25
There were delays in distributions and the delayed commencement of livelihoods interventions were
related to procurement and logistical challenges that persisted after the first 90 days. Response
documents at six-months and one-year name the following main challenges: difficulties finding
qualified procurement staff to meet the needs of such a large-scale and technical humanitarian
Response; inadequate procurement planning including a sourcing strategy; and difficulties in finding
contractors and quality materials (particularly for shelter and livelihoods projects). Such are the
problems inherent to all large-scale humanitarian responses when numerous agencies are on the
ground and competing for inputs.26 27
At the end of the relief phase about one-third of World Vision staff surveyed (35%) stated
affirmatively that WV responded to the needs of people in a timely manner.28 The staff brought up
very similar challenges as the Response documents and suggested possible improvements to
Response timeliness, namely: earlier provision of shelter materials; the need to identify reliable
suppliers locally if possible with the capacity to meet material and timing requirements; and the need
to fast track interventions at all levels, including contracting and administrative processes.
As further discussed in the next
section on efficiency, early-on the
THR recognised the need to turn
“outwards” from a focus on
organisational functions (i.e., staffing
and logistics) to increased external
coordination as an important shift for
the recovery phase. This approach by
Response management sought to “be
a better partner” to the target
communities, the local governments
and the other humanitarian actors
present, thereby improving the
connectedness, contextualisation and
communication around operations to
the reality of various stakeholders on the ground.29 This coordination approach was cited as good
overall, and had potentially positive, though sometimes indirect, implications for the timeliness and
efficiency of activities.30
Community validation of timeliness: When evaluation findings were presented back to
communities for their validation, North Cebu participants of two barangays provided different
perspectives on their experience. The majority of participants in one barangay said the WV
assistance was indeed timely, and came at a time when their food supplies from another NGO were
running low in quantity. “Even if the food and NFI distribution happened a month after the typhoon
they gave more than other NGOs had given,” said a female participant. Participants of another
barangay agreed with the findings that identified timeliness issues, particularly in regards to shelter
materials, because families already started or completed their repairs when they received the
materials. Panay participants explained that due to the delay of receiving shelter materials after
repairs were already made, some households sold the materials for household income, and that
25 WV THR. 90-day Report. March 2014. 26 WV THR. 6-Month Report. April 2014. 27 WV THR. 12-Month Report. November 2014. 28 SurveyMonkey® April 2014, n=39 (Y/N/DK question). 29 WV THR. 90-day Report. March 2014. 30 WV THR. 12-Month Report. November 2014.
17 | P a g e
selling the materials enabled some to purchase more of similar/substitute materials but at a lower
price or to repay loans that were incurred to already start the repairs. Panay child participants also
mentioned families selling the materials in order to buy food, livelihood inputs, or for some vices
such as gambling.
West and East Leyte participants echoed the timeliness issues of shelter materials, yet, all agreed
that the timeliest WV activities were hygiene kits/WASH activities and CFW. CFW was important
and timely as the income was used for food needs—filling the gap after distributions ended,
educational expenses for children and to pay debts.
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III. EFFICIENCY
As the implementation of the grant programme activities fit within the larger THR, the following
findings relate to the efficiency of all WV Response activities in the communities supported by the
grant programmes. It should be noted that the main efficiency challenges discussed below were
strongly perceived by staff as contributing to delays in timely delivery of programming, which has
also been covered in the timeliness section.
This section reflects findings from online and face to face interviews with dozens of WV staff across
various levels,31,32 as well as findings from the desk review of project documents triangulated with a
recent lessons learned activity of 2015 to show points of progress and recent staff feedback on
additional recommendations.33 While this section addresses many topics related to efficient
implementation of the programme, it is important to mention that several external factors beyond
WV’s control also affected implementation, cited by the staff as political issues and weather
conditions (including subsequent disasters).
Nearly two-thirds (63%) of the staff surveyed at the end of the relief phase stated affirmatively that
WV uses resources effectively and the Response is well organised. Dozens of staff, including global,
regional, support office and local response staff contributed their perceptions to the following
themes:34
1. Relationship between NO and Response
2. Emergency management system (EMS) structure
3. Preparedness
4. Staffing
5. Programming
6. External relations
7. Advocacy
1. Relationship between NO and Response
Most surveyed staff mentioned the positive relationship between the Response team and the NO,
which was a clearly stated goal from the outset of the Response. Many respondents noted the
particularly good relationship was attributed to the strong and committed regional leadership. Some
staff, particularly from NO and RO, mentioned tension with regards to the Response not respecting
and soliciting local knowledge and resources, or being surprised by decisions made by the GRRT.
The good collaboration between the NO and Response at the senior level did not always extend to
the field level, which explains varying responses to this issue.
Table 5: Efficiency: relationship between NO and Response
What worked: What didn’t work:
Commitment to collaboration from day one,
reinforced by regional leaders
Good resolution of issues
NO commitment to Response, willingness to deploy
Response alignment with NO strategy/contacts
Regional contribution for facilitation and support
Beneficiary selection, tensions between pre-existing
investment in ADP and Response to greatest need
(as previously discussed in relevance section)
Lack of utilisation of local knowledge and resources
in decision-making by GRRT
Lack of sharing NO resources (e.g., office) in some
instances (e.g.,Tacloban city where the office is
small), so Response established secondary assets Source: SurveyMonkey® April 2014, n=39; WV THR. EOG Evaluation KII Survey Findings, conducted by RTE. March 2014.
31 SurveyMonkey® April 2014, n=39 32 WV THR. EOG Evaluation KII Survey Findings, conducted by RTE. March 2014. 33 WV THR. Lessons Learnt Report: draft. January 2015. 34 KII findings compiled and analysed by the RTE, with editing and integration into EOG evaluation report done
by TANGO International.
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"The combination of NO, RO, and global staff was remarkable." ~WV staff
"The Response team came to help us put the fire out in our house. Firemen may break your china and step
on your flowers but they are there to help." ~WV staff
Challenges and recommendations: Overall, an important challenge was to establish a working
relationship between the NO and Response at senior and field levels at the very onset of the
programme, which WV strived to address and indeed improved communication in the Response
phase. A recommended area of improvement was the following: Briefing the NO on/about GRRT
(though no further description is available).
The 2015 lessons learnt workshop provided the following recommendation points on organisational
expectation related to NO and Response relations:
Provide clarity for all employees when the global mandate will end and the changes to be
expected with the transition to WVDF. Likewise, organisational expectations and decisions, big
or small, should be shared down the line for ownership and effective delivery.
Work to align timelines and finance reports with the NO, and to ensure that progress made in
quality assurance, DME and accountability mechanisms can also be integrated.
2. EMS structure
Almost all surveyed staff mentioned EMS being a successful and helpful system that helped clarify
roles and provide a foundation for coherent organisational structure as it was put into place from
the very beginning. A few interviewees noted that the line management for zonal managers (rather
than sector managers) was confusing and inadequate for the situation.
Table 6: Efficiency: EMS structure
What worked: What didn’t work:
Establishing a functional EMS structure from the start
Familiarity with the system because it was generated
from the region
Regional staff trained in EMS material
EMS clarified roles, especially between ND and
Response Manager, for organisational structure
EMS structure brought up issues related to zonal
managers and technical specialists’ roles
Confusion on managerial roles and how that aligned
with recruitment
Some EMS functions were siloed due to geographical
context of working on different islands
Source: SurveyMonkey® April 2014, n=39; WV THR. EOG Evaluation KII Survey Findings, conducted by RTE. March 2014.
"This Response validated that EMS works in this context." ~WV staff
"We are used to having strong sector managers under Operations, and the sectors are the ones
implementing. Here, we had zone managers responsible for specific areas…caused confusion; it was hard to
figure out." ~WV staff
Challenges and recommendations: The EMS structure may need some fine tuning, especially
around questions of line management and the roles of zonal managers and technical specialists.35
There is a need to invest in leadership.
The 2015 lessons learnt workshop provided the following recommendation points on adaptive
management:
Create a central repository for information management and identify a decision tracker for
major decisions that are made.
35 Update from WVDF: This challenge that arose during the RTE has since been addressed by management by
reiterating and clarifying the roles of zonal managers and sectoral advisors.
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The Response Manager should urge senior management to be responsive to staff feedback (that
should be deliberately collected) on changes to programmes to better align with a changing
context.
Grant opportunities should be sought that can be adaptive to a complex context and the WV
strategy, and those managing grants should have a good understanding of the flexibility of the
terms, thus prepared to make changes to financial practices when possible based on the security
or financial context.
Conduct a session with the senior management team and staff focused on adaptive management.
Promote community-led input to design phase, and establish community-based monitoring to
feedback into the context analysis that informs adaptive changes.
The Program Coordinator and Zonal Manager should work closely, but with clarified roles, in
activity monitoring (grants commitments) and share information (reports, grants, etc.).
3. Preparedness
The topic of preparedness was mixed, with some negative reviews, especially at the NO level, and
with regards to prepositioning and logistics. Regarding the preparedness of staff, several respondents
noted the fast deployment of 200 NO staff. Capacity gaps were mentioned, such as gaps in technical
sectors and the delay in finding an operations manager, as well as timeliness issues around terms of
reference (ToR). With regards to the NO's pre-existing relationship with government (local and
national), other agencies, and faith-based organisations (FBOs), most staff gave positive comment,
noting the NO's excellent external relationships (see the topic below 6. on external relations).
Table 7: Efficiency: preparedness
What worked: What didn’t work:
Regional preparedness, including previous trainings
and simulations, promoted by regional leader
Pre-existing NO relationships, including with national
government, and active cluster participation
Good positioning with WFP and AFTA
NO readiness of Response strategy, and with ADPs,
regular Response-mode due to recurring disasters
Prepositioning of smart phones
Integration of action points from previous learning
events
Lack of prepositioned goods and contracts, difficulty
in receiving immediate supplies (as discussed in
previous section on timeliness)
Capacity gap with NO staff, such as emergency
capacity
Lack of shelter and WASH staff (discussed more
below on staffing)
Logistics problems
Lack of P&C preparedness, some staff deployed
without ToRs (discussed more below 4. on staffing)
Source: SurveyMonkey® April 2014, n=39; WV THR. EOG Evaluation KII Survey Findings, conducted by RTE. March 2014.
Challenges and recommendations: The NO should plan for sufficient pre-positioned relief
goods.36
4. Staffing
Staffing arose as one of the most important issues in the Response, with the lack of technical
capacity (i.e., shelter, WASH) being by far the most mentioned problem. Programming was impacted
by the lack of capacity in World Vision's technical sectors and through slow
deployments/recruitments of technical and operations staff (and lack of ToRs), which hurt the
Response in the early stages. The THR People & Culture (P&C) sought to fill staffing and technical
capacity gaps through international staff deployments and hires, which totalled 139 at the one year
mark. P&C engaged with over 1300 total staff during the first year of the Response, put processes in
place for staff care and capacity development. P&C recognised the need for technical capacity
36 Update from WVDF: THR has since pre-positioned goods such as NFI, hygiene kits and tarps that were used
for the response to Typhoon Hagupit.
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building among managers and the NO staff seconded to the Response, some of them for the first
time in those roles.37 At the time of the staff survey, the greatest concerns were around the
strategic and quick hiring of staff, retention for continuity and staff capacity.
Table 8: Efficiency: staffing
What worked: What didn’t work:
NO deployed 200 staff immediately
Regional staff were trained
Strong operations team was brought in, on the
ground/able to work in the context from the
beginning
Strong secondments, particularly in finance so they
had experience with WV systems
Global staff worked together
Improved deployment and recruitment due to past
learnings, 80% of permanent international staff placed
within three months
Technical capacity, concern that WV is lagging behind
other INGOs for programme of this size
Lack of enough appropriate and competent staff on
the ground quickly (e.g., GRRT, and initial
deployment of six weeks due to Christmas)
High staff turnover and staff fatigue
High demand on P&C for preparedness and capacity,
some key positions not filled quickly, including
programme management and operations, which
impacted implementation (noting the difficulty to fill
some positions related to unaccompanied/ one-year
contracts)
Some cultural sensitivity issues with international staff
Source: SurveyMonkey® April 2014, n=39; WV THR. EOG Evaluation KII Survey Findings, conducted by RTE. March 2014.
Challenges and recommendations: WV faces the challenge of needing a technically strong team
and operations staff from the start of the Response and on a continuing basis. WV should invest
heavily in capacity, including technical capacity, and to improve staff retention to avoid loss of
continuity. This will require P&C planning, prepositioning of ToRs and some revised processes.
The 2015 lessons learnt workshop provided the following recommendation points on workforce
planning and recruitment:
P&C (and all functional departments) should be actively involved during the staffing plans and
budgeting for any new grant staffing needs, also to align budgets for staffing (salary and benefits)
and operational plans. Activate an early warning recruitment practices prior to the awarding of
any possible grant, as soon as the grant staffing plan is finalized.
Workforce plans should be reviewed with P&C where there are changes or delays in
implementation. Keep the staffing projections and plans alive and updated.
P&C should guide zonal managers and sector advisors on best P&C practices and policies,
including supporting staff understanding on the performance management systems. P&C should
also coach hiring managers on international hiring policies in coordination with regional
recruiters.
WVDF, GTRN and P&C Director should be updated on the workforce plans to enable effective
planning and timely approvals of long-term secondments or replacements. This also means
preparing a strategy to ensure that WV remains a competitive employer for key positions in a
Category III Response.
Do capacity building to strengthen staff capacities in place.
5. Programming
Nearly all surveyed staff agreed on the need to increase focus on livelihoods from the start of the
Response. There was also general agreement about needing stronger technical sectors, as well as
better communications between operations and programmes. Many interviewees agreed that WV
does well with its traditional forms of assistance (i.e., food, NFIs, basic CFS), but there is a need to
be more pro-active in newer forms of programming (i.e., children in emergencies (CIE), livelihoods,
37 WV THR. 12-Month Report. November 2014.
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micro-finance). Respondents were generally enthusiastic about the recovery phase strategy, though
some noted a timing gap before recovery was discussed. Most respondents mentioned accountability
and the accountability framework, noting that communities were engaged with providing feedback
and the staff indicated satisfaction because of the beneficiary satisfaction.
Note: These sectoral programming issues also relate to the effectiveness of the activities, and are
further discussed in the next section.
"What we did was of good quality and well received." ~ WV Staff
Table 9: Efficiency: programming
What worked: What didn’t work:
NFI
Large distributions, well planned, ahead of other
agencies
NFI too slow for WV’s size (as discussed
previously in section on timeliness)
Child protection/education
Good programmes in first three months, including child
protection
CFS transitioned into TLS, helping children get back to
school in the relief phase
CFS not coordinated with the education system,
and education in emergencies could improve
CIE limited to CFS
Psychosocial needs not addressed systematically
Shelter
Transitional shelter just getting started, providing tools
and engineering support, cited as a good approach
Looking beyond shelter to livelihoods is a positive
strategy
Problems with no build zones
Lack of longer term vision beyond distributions
that could be supported by separate and future
funding
WASH
WASH programming implemented well Need for more on-site WASH staff
Cash programming, livelihoods
Technical support for cash programming, and
commendable information management
Cash programming: started late according to
some staff,38 could be integrated better with
other activities, and receive more focus
No activities in first 90 days for restoring
livelihoods
Accountability
Beneficiary selection and accountability report
Separate accountability team worked well
Frontline SMS
Community engagement
WV was a leader in this area
No comments
Other: Strategy, M&E
Strategic decision to unite WV management lines for a
stronger Response
Good transition between emergency and recovery
phases, strong recovery strategy
Assessment reports were elaborate resulting in strong
targeting criteria. Secondary data were used to
produce tools (OAM and BPAT) for evidence-based
programming.
Rapidly changing context made it difficult to
finalise the budget; locations and sectors were
changing, thus grants necessitating adjustments
Procurement and logistics needed a better
overall tracking system and there were some
information management issues
Source: SurveyMonkey® April 2014, n=39; WV THR. EOG Evaluation KII Survey Findings, conducted by RTE. March 2014.
38 Note that community validation feedback suggested the cash income from CFW was indeed timely as it
occurred when food distributions were ending.
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One of the main themes on programme efficiency that emerged from surveyed staff was the need
for cross-sector coordination among staff and for reporting, including integration of sectoral
interventions. Other long-term improvements involved consideration of how the ADP will integrate
learning from the THR into ongoing programming, and integrating cross-cutting themes such as
climate change adaptation and spirituality into programming.
Challenges and recommendations: Some cross-cutting challenges for improving future
responses included the following:
Child-focused programming: this must continue to be clearly defined for CiE and other sectors,
with priorities decided prior to the next emergency (though, no further explanation provided).
Early recovery: In a non-displacement context, supporting self-recovery is important, particularly
with distributing materials and advice on shelter. Earlier strategic thinking for rehabilitation phase
is needed, including how to move towards livelihood support activities (beyond cash transfers).
Note: livelihood activities were planned for as early as December 2014 with some seed
distributions taking place in February 2015, but delays and other challenges were faced, as
discussed in this section and previously in timeliness.
More technical capacity is needed, as discussed under staffing, both at national and global levels.
Enhanced tracking of goods and expenses is needed.
Internal communication and information management needs to be improved so that operations
and programming can work together more efficiently.
Further integrate/mainstream disaster risk reduction (DRR) into all programming.
The 2015 lessons learnt workshop provided the following recommendation points on inter-
departmental business processes that impact programming efficiency:
Conduct regular interdepartmental fora or create inter-departmental working groups per
location to review achievements, challenges, community feedback and complaints, and to discuss
gaps and inconsistencies in information and agreement on action plans. This meeting should
facilitate quick decisions on crucial issues, through consultation.
Improve monthly reporting between programmes, operations and the Response Director.
Streamline grant implementation and management systems across all functions.
Map business processes across departments to see what exists, where are the gaps, and how
business processes align between departments.
Include and engage all departments that have a key role to play in the grant design process: P&C,
supply chain, etc.
6. External Relations
Most respondents were very positive about the NO's external relations with government and other
international agencies, both in terms of preparedness and in actual Response (collaboration with UN
agencies on data sharing was cited a few times by KIIs, for example).
“External relations, this is where World Vision’s strength is." ~WV staff
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Table 10: Efficiency: external relations
What worked: What didn’t work:
Strong cluster coordination and engagement,
continuity ensured by partnering NO and
international staff as leads
Senior staff served as liaisons
Good Response to donor opportunities
WV ability to leverage existing relationships, for
example, to use government warehouses and offices
WV recognised by government and invited to
conversations, integrated approach appreciated by
partners
Support Office (SO) visits
Difficult to have continuity in clusters with constantly
changing WV leads as representatives
Source: SurveyMonkey® April 2014, n=39; WV THR. EOG Evaluation KII Survey Findings, conducted by RTE. March 2014.
Challenges and recommendations: Apart from the learnings with the consortium challenges,
the question of Christian Commitments (CC) arose regarding how WV is helping and partnering
with the local church while maintaining the humanitarian imperative. Another recommendation was
raised for enhancing local partnerships, suggesting improved coordination with local partners and
other NGO partners, as well as a strategy to capacitate the government and communities in a way
that minimises dependence on NGO leadership for development.
7. Advocacy
Generally speaking advocacy was not regarded as a critical issue by many surveyed staff; as one
respondent said, the "context didn't beg for a lot of advocacy," (i.e., neglect of children); though,
some mentioned good advocacy work that was done. The NO has good, longstanding advocacy
strategy, which was crucial as a pre-existing piece, even with no full-time advocacy staff at the
regional level. Children’s MIRA was cited as commendable, but with the question of whether WV
used it enough.
Surveyed WV staff provided the suggestion of advocacy efforts promoting the formation of people’s
organisations to mobilise or empower communities, particularly less organised and impoverished
communities.
Challenges and recommendations: The question should be explored on advocacy connecting to
CVA with longer term plans. Also, in the context of a strong democracy, WV may engage and
introduce advocacy issues in new ways.
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IV. EFFECTIVENESS
As the implementation of the grant programme activities fit within the larger THR, the following
findings relate to the effectiveness of all WV Response activities in the communities supported by
the grant programmes.
This section addresses effectiveness of the grant programming through discussion of the impact on
households by programme sector, or activity. The evaluation findings for the sectors, some of which
include both relief and recovery phase grant-supported activities, are presented within the
framework of the Response Outcomes: 1, 2 and 4.39 Note that Outcome 3 is implemented for
recovery and rehabilitation phases and not included in the funding from the three EOG evaluation
donors. For the full Response logframe, see Annex G. For discussion of the contribution of project
outcomes towards achieving the goal, see the next section on resilience.
Table 11: Response outcomes and outputs for three EOG evaluation donors
Outcome 1: Typhoon-affected families and communities have improved living conditions
and access to basic services
Output 1.1 Shelter, NFI
Output 1.2 WASH
Output 1.3 Education/child protection
Output 1.4 Health
Output 1.5 CFW/Community assets repaired/rebuilt
Output 1.6 Food distribution (not included in grants)
Outcome 2: Typhoon-affected families have restored affected livelihoods and increased
capital and asset base1 (ADH and DFATD 2 only)
Output 2.1 Livelihoods: Agriculture/farming support
Output 2.2 Livelihoods: Fisheries support
Output 2.3 Livelihoods: Alternative livelihoods support
Outcome 4: Typhoon-affected communities, families including children are empowered
to inform World Vision Response programming
Output 4.1 Accountability: Information sharing
Output 4.2 Accountability: Consultation and participation
Output 4.3 Accountability: Feedback/complaints Response
Output 4.4 DME system Note: the restoration of community assets (e.g., building markets) has since been removed from Outcome 2,
which now focuses on the HH level, and community infrastructure repairs continue as part of Output 1.5.
Benefits of WV projects: Overall, the benefits of receiving WV assistance align with the WV
projects previously named as most useful. As a result of these activities, households described
improvements to their food security, household economic security, shelter, health, hygiene and
safety, including improved well-being for children (Figure 9). For the top four benefits the zone
percentage that exceeds the average across zones is shown, which demonstrates some variation in
perceived benefits of activities across zones: 28% of Panay activities provided the benefit of meeting
or augmenting the food needs of families. One in five activities (20%) reported by households of
West Leyte helped them to save money for other purposes. Twenty-two percent of East Leyte
activities provided the benefit of repairing or obtaining shelter, and North Cebu activities (21%)
provided increased security and personal safety (i.e., from theft or abuse)(see Table 20 in Annex C).
The vast majority of WV staff surveyed online (96%) as the relief activities were wrapping up
believed the THR was leading to planned positive changes.40
39 The differences between the relief and recovery phase logframes have been reconciled with the revised
logframe in the 12-month report. This evaluation has reviewed the previous logframe but has agreed with the
THR to report against the revised outcome indicators. 40 WV THR. EOG Evaluation KII Survey Findings, conducted by RTE. March 2014.
26 | P a g e
Figure 9: Top benefits of reported WV activities (n=13861)
1 2840 total activities reported by households. For all activities listed by HH, the HH were asked the benefit
of receiving WV assistance. This chart lists the top ten most commonly cited benefits.
Satisfaction with benefits: The households were satisfied with the benefits for nearly all reported
activities, 90% satisfied and 9% somewhat satisfied (see Table 21 in Annex C for zonal results). This
high level of satisfaction may be expected of a population with emergency needs, but also shows the
types of perceived benefits associated directly with WV assistance, thereby contributing to the
discussion on achieving outcomes.
As shown in Table 12 below, when asked ‘what could have been done better for the project/activity
to be beneficial?’ the households’ responses for the activities they benefited from centred around
two areas of improvement: extend the length (reported for 39% of activities) and increase the
quantity of materials (15%), while there were no suggestions for 34% of reported activities. It should
be noted that even households reporting satisfaction for all activities still provided feedback on what
could have been done better for the project to be beneficial.
Not surprisingly, the main suggestion for over half of activities (55%) named by North Cebu
households was to extend the length, as this Response office was closed by August 2014 (refer back
to Table 2) and this may explain why North Cebu showed the lowest level of project usefulness
(refer back to (Figure 6). Yet, over half of the West Leyte reported activities (52%) also had this
suggestion, even as West Leyte is a zone with a recovery focus for DFATD 2. These results indicate
that while WV’s approach was intensive and short in duration, it was highly beneficial for emergency
needs.
Table 12: Types of suggestions to make reported activities more beneficial, by zone
What could have been done better
for this project/ activities to be
beneficial for you? (n=1386)1
(% of reported activities)
World Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
Extend length of project 39.0 13.9 52.3 54.6 31.4
No suggestion 34.4 50.4 20.7 18.2 45.6
Increase quantity of materials 14.9 24.7 15.1 11.4 13.3
Use better quality materials 3.0 N/A N/A N/A 3.3
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Table 12: Types of suggestions to make reported activities more beneficial, by zone
What could have been done better
for this project/ activities to be
beneficial for you? (n=1386)1
(% of reported activities)
World Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
Don’t know (DK) 2.8 N/A N/A 7.5 N/A
Others* 2.6 4.8 N/A 4.1 N/A
Increase cash amount 2.1 N/A N/A N/A 3.5
Include more participants 1.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative, and line items with zone total <30 omitted. 1 3172 total activities and responses to ‘more beneficial’ question reported by households. For all activities listed by HH,
the HH were asked what could have been done better for this project/activity to be beneficial for you.
* Implement other interventions (shelter, livelihood, WASH, food); provide cash assistance to pay for labour (e.g., shelter
repair); improve beneficiary selection process; provide food, etc. For the translated listing of ‘other’ responses see Table
22 in Annex C.
Outcome 1: Typhoon-affected families and communities have improved living
conditions and access to basic services
Sectors: Shelter, NFI, WASH, child protection/education, health and CFW
All four grant programmes contributed to Outcome I achievements. The relevant Response sectors
for Outcome 1 include: Shelter, NFI, WASH, child protection/education, health and CFW. The EOG
evaluation survey focused on collecting household level data on the household living conditions
related to shelter and WASH. Evidence from other data sources such as the children’s FGD, CL
and staff surveys and programme documents are also integrated throughout to elaborate context or
provide confirmation of HH findings.
SHELTER
Shelter emergency kits were provided across all zones through the SHO and DFATD 1 grants. SHO
also provided shelter toolkits in the recovery phase to Panay, North Cebu and West Leyte zones.
Shelter Type A and B assistance was provided to West Leyte through DFATD 2 and East Leyte
through ADH (refer back to Table 2 and Table 3). WV shelter activities began with emergency
shelter kits (tarpaulins) in the relief phase, and then shelter Type A (some assistance started end of
relief phase) and Type B assistance continued through the recovery phase.
Typhoon Haiyan’s damage and destruction to homes was immense. Makeshift shelters were quickly
erected by families and communities to guard against rain, flooding and extreme weather; some
received tarpaulins and emergency shelter kits. The rapid assessment of November 2013 showed
76% of households were living in a house, but for most this was a makeshift tent made of salvaged
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materials and with inadequate covering; the provision of tarps and ropes along with advocacy with
the government were their suggestions for addressing immediate shelter needs.41 Among households
that reported receiving shelter assistance, nearly half (48%) recall residing in their own homes in
March 2014 (Figure 10), which was at the end of the relief phase and when the shelter materials
distributions were just beginning. This may show that some households already attempted to repair
their homes when distributions began. WV staff surveyed at the end of the relief phase42 reported
that four months had passed and people were already attempting to rebuild their homes at their
expense, yet without knowing the standards of the Build Back Better (BBB) principles. The children
recalled sleeping in homes without roofs or doors in the aftermath of the disaster, and this impacted
their health and learning. They said that many families moved in with neighbours, relatives or to a
government shelter/community centre and that they asked for assistance, which is also shown in the
chart below with about half of the households recalling they were not able to live in their own
homes due to the extensive destruction. Families faced challenges with being able to repair their
homes and retrieve materials to do so, particularly with stronger materials (see FGD quotes below).
“Many agencies came to help us, World Vision was one of them who gave us food and tarpaulins.”~ boy
“We had the very worst situation. We just slept on the floor. If it rained, we all got wet and it was very cold. I
asked myself, “is this really happening?” ~ boy
“Our house was blown away by the strong winds during the typhoon. It was not sturdy enough against the
strength of the typhoon because it was only made of bamboo” ~ girl
“We cannot ask other people to help us repair our houses because we did not have money to pay for
carpenters who also needed money to repair their own houses.” ~ girl
Figure 10: HH recall of shelter at end of relief phase (n=5591)
1 Of households that report receiving shelter benefits.
After one year of recovery, four out of five (81%) shelter assistance beneficiaries were satisfied with
WV’s shelter interventions, particularly the quality of materials distributed, but some reported
conflict in the community due to families with partially damaged homes not selected to participate.43
The children clearly listed the WV-supported activities of rebuilding and repairing houses and
providing shelter materials as the most useful for addressing their priority shelter problem.44 The
41 WV THR/WVDF. Rapid Assessment Report Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda). November 2013. 42 SurveyMonkey® April 2014, n=39. 43 WV THR. 12-Month Report. November 2014.
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shelter materials distribution and training (Type A) also built upon the top contributions of manual
labour and construction skills that households said they could make towards their own (and
community’s) recovery.45 Surveyed staff named shelter activities as providing the greatest benefit in
meeting the needs of children during the emergency, and for reasons related to child protection,
security, health/mental health and the ability to learn and have hope.46
As part of receiving the shelter materials, the households took part in a BBB workshop to receive
training on disaster-resistant and risk-reduction repairs. The PDM report for East Leyte zone (ADH
and DFATD 1 funded) showed that nearly three-quarters of surveyed shelter beneficiaries having
completed training reported knowledge on shelter repairs that would mitigate the risk or impact of
future typhoons, and of those with that knowledge, approximately half said they already enacted
certain measures in their repairs, including: laying of foundation, bracing and roofing. But for those
households that reported having the BBB knowledge yet not putting it into practice, they cited the
challenges of inadequate materials and the lack of capacity among able and working household
members to do the repairs or to pay for labour.47 This issue of inadequate materials came up
previously as a reason for dissatisfaction with the project benefits (refer back to Table 12), and was
further reiterated, among other challenges and feedback, through the community validation process
(see quotes below).
Community validation feedback on shelter (see Annex D for all quotes):
“Though some would say that the shelter project was somehow delayed, for me it was okay as it was
implemented.” ~ adult, East Leyte
“Whatever materials WV provided, I just tried to augment them.” ~ adult, Panay
“It was not able to serve its purpose. People needed money for their other needs to they sold the shelter
materials.” ~ adult, Panay
“The build back better principles were not adopted because the materials were lacking and quality of some
materials like the coco lumber were inferior (not mature enough).” ~ adult, Panay
“I think only the houses of the carpenters and the package B houses can be considered as disaster resistant
houses.” ~ adult, North Cebu
“We are capable of repairing our house but food and education is of higher priority.” ~ adult, West Leyte
NON-FOOD ITEMS
Households surveyed in the aftermath of the typhoon had listed the need for the following basic
household items: sleeping mats, clothing, blankets, cooking utensils and hygiene items.48 NFI kits
were provided across all zones through the SHO and DFATD 1 grants (refer back to Table 2 and
Table 3). NFI provided basic household goods that were lost in the typhoon. The kits contained
blankets, mosquito nets, plastic mats and a can opener. The PDM about one month after Typhoon
Haiyan hit showed that the vast majority of households (range of 90-95%) were satisfied with the
items received, with similarly high satisfaction with the registration and distribution processes.
Further, nearly all distributed items were reportedly used by the immediate household members,
while seven percent of Panay households reported sharing items with others. PDM respondents
suggested the distributions could be improved by providing more information about how to give
44 WV THR. EOG evaluation qualitative report. March 2015. 45 WV THR/WVDF. Rapid Assessment Report Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda). November 2013. 46 SurveyMonkey® April 2014, n=39. 47 WV THR. PDM Report: Shelter Materials Distribution Project (Package A) in East Leyte Zone. 1 August 2014. 48 WV THR/WVDF. Rapid Assessment Report Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda). November 2013.
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feedback to World Vision; ensuring that everyone is registered and receives the same items; and
reducing the waiting time at distributions.49
The provision of relief goods (including NFI, water, hygiene kits and food items) was considered the
most useful activity for addressing the priority food need by child FGD participants.50 The
community validation further explained how provision of emergency relief items helped to ease the
tension of household needs in the aftermath of the typhoon (see quote below).
Community validation feedback on NFI (see Annex D for all quotes):
“The people are very happy to have received the NFI because they were not expecting to have received that
kind of intervention. Families do not have the capacity to buy NFI items as their income is just enough for
expenses for food.” ~ adult, North Cebu
WASH
The DFATD 2 and ADH grants provided latrine construction (Types A and B), hygiene promotion
and water systems repair across the East and West Leyte. WASH facilities (latrine repair kits, septic
tanks and latrine reconstruction for the most vulnerable) were provided at the household level in
coordination with shelter activities. At the community level, water systems (Level 1 and 2) and
public drainage were repaired
and reconstructed. At the start
of the recovery phase, CFW
repaired WASH facilities and
provided quick-impact income
support for target families, and
continued on with repairs to
schools and health facilities.
CLTS/PhATS trainings were
conducted to improve
community sanitation, hygiene
and basic health practices. Most
household level WASH activities
were completed at the one year
mark, while community level
activities were ongoing through
the recovery phase.51
The few children who reported water as their priority need after the typhoon noted the long
queues and discord in the community due to inadequate water supply, and that water supply was
impacted by loss of electricity (see FGD quotes below), among health issues from contamination.
Results from the rapid assessment of November 2013 showed that greater proportions of Leyte and
Panay (Iloilo) households cited water and health has pressing problems.52 At the end of the relief
phase World Vision staff named WASH activities as providing the greatest benefit in meeting the
needs of children during the emergency because of the benefits of preventing disease and improving
hygiene practices.53
49 WV THR. PDM Summary Report. 9 December 2013. 50 WV THR. EOG evaluation qualitative report. March 2015. 51 WV THR. 12-Month Report. November 2014. 52 WV THR/WVDF. Rapid Assessment Report Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda). November 2013. 53 SurveyMonkey® April 2014, n=39.
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“After the typhoon, the water was dirty. A lot of people fought each other while waiting in line to fetch water
and it seemed like they would kill each other.” ~ boy
“We got water from a deep well and water pump. The water got dirty from flooding. There were faucets,
but we could not use them because there was no electricity. We just boiled water so that we had something
to drink.” ~ girl
More than four out of five households
surveyed (83%) are currently able to
meet their households’ needs for
clean, safe drinking water, and 17%
are partially able to meet their needs
(Figure 11).
The sampled populations from the
baseline study were not the same
(they did not include North Cebu), so
there cannot be a direct comparison;
nonetheless, this finding shows an
overall improvement from the
baseline where 70% of households in
WV zones were able to fully meet
their drinking water needs (baseline data collection in March 2014).54 With East and West Leyte the
focus for WASH recovery activities for DFATD 2 and ADH, Table 13 shows the ability of East Leyte
(81%) and West Leyte (83%) households to fully meet their drinking water needs at EOG. This also
shows general improvement from the March 2014 data as a comparison point of 68% and 71%,
respectively.
Water source: The vast majority of households rely upon improved or protected drinking water
sources,55 most commonly a public stand post or tap (35%), piped water into the house (15%) or
outside the house (14%), among other sources (Figure 12). The top two water sources, which
combined account for nearly half of the East and West Leyte households where grant activities for
water systems occurred, were public stand or tap (East Leyte: 41% and West Leyte: 21%) and piped
water to house (East Leyte: 18% and West Leyte: 24%).
Given that most households have access to safe drinking water, water treatment is not needed for
over half of the households (57%), and for households that use water treatment methods filtration
and boiling are most common (see Table 32 in Annex C).
54 WV THR. (Rehabilitation Phase) Baseline Report, TANGO International. June 2014. 55 WHO/UNICEF. Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation. Accessed 23 March
2015 at: http://www.wssinfo.org/definitions-methods/watsan-categories/
Figure 11: HH drinking water needs met (n=1382)
Note: “Not at all” responses were less than one percent of cases.
Table 13: Percent of Leyte HHs fully able to provide for their drinking
water needs
How well is your HH currently able
to meet your needs for clean, safe
drinking water? (%)
World Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
Fully 82.8 81.3 83.1
n (unweighted) 1382 361 338
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones
have been weighted.
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Figure 12: HH main drinking water sources (n=1382)
Colour code: Dark blue=improved/protected water source / light blue=unimproved water source1
Note: Percentages do not add to 100 because the question allows multiple responses. 1 In some contexts water kiosk vendor and bottled water are considered unimproved, and can only
be considered improved only when the source of the bottles/kiosk is improved.
Sanitation facilities: The primary toilet facility used by households is flush/pour flush to sewage
system or septic tank (60%), which is considered an improved sanitation facility.56 The other most
commonly cited facilities are also improved: pit latrine with slab (nine percent) and ventilated pit
latrine (VIP, six percent). However, about one-quarter of households either do not have access to
any facility or utilise an unimproved toilet facility. These findings also show general improvement in
the zonal populations of the East and West Leyte where the grant programmes have focused, just
three percent of East Leyte and 15% of West Leyte households report no facility at EOG (see Table
33 in Annex C), which is lower compared to the March 2014 estimates of 21% and 22%,
respectively.57
Figure 13: HH primary toilet facility (n=1382)
Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.
56 WHO/UNICEF. Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation. Accessed 23 March
2015 at: http://www.wssinfo.org/definitions-methods/watsan-categories/ 57 WV THR. (Rehabilitation Phase) Baseline Report, TANGO International. June 2014.
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Hygiene practices: The HH survey respondents most often wash their hands before eating (93%),
before food preparation (68%) and after defecation (56%)(Figure 14). Not a single HH across the
zones reported that they don’t wash hands. See Table 34 in Annex C for some variation in hand-
washing practices by zone, with an average of three instances reported by households. There is the
notable trend that North Cebu households reported fewer times when they wash their hands
compared to all other zones, which may suggest that the focus zones for the Response recovery are
putting in to practice the messages received through community hygiene promotion interventions.
Three-quarters of households regularly use soap to wash hands (76%) or detergent (22%); just three
percent only using water to wash hands (see Table 35 in Annex C).
Figure 14: Hand-washing frequency of HH respondents (n=1381)
*Other includes, for example: after cleaning the house; after working; after handling animals or farming, etc.
SUPPORT TO CHILDREN AND MOTHERS/CAREGIVERS
Includes sectors of child protection, education and health
Child protection, education and health of school-aged children, young children, mothers and
caregivers were supported through the establishment of CFS and WAYCS. CFS, which transitioned
to TLS in the relief phase, and WAYCS were funded through DFATD 1 in East Leyte, North Cebu
and Panay. Educational institutions were also repaired through CFW funded by DFATD 2 and ADH
in the East and West Leyte, which is discussed further in the next section on community assets.
Note: there are no HH survey results related to these sectors, and some there are some FGD
findings provided for education sector.
Child-friendly spaces: CFS provided safe places for children in the aftermath of the emergency. At
the end of the relief phase World Vision staff named those child protection and education activities
as providing critical benefits to the needs of children during the emergency.58 Monitoring of CFS
conducted in December 2013 reported that children across the three zones felt the CFS helped
them cope with post-disaster stress; adults agreed that CFS contributed to positive changes in
children’s attitudes, behaviours and motivation to learn.59
As was previously listed in the section on efficiency, some WV staff noted the need for
improvements in CiE activities related to expanding the scope and activities of CFS (e.g.,
psychosocial needs), particularly linking education in emergencies and CFS with the education system
(refer back to Table 9).
58 SurveyMonkey® April 2014, n=39. 59 WV THR. 12-Month Report. November 2014.
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"Many children had been playing by the road side and begging, but after CFS, all the children were inside, being
listened to and playing.” ~ WV Staff
WAYCS: During the initial rapid
assessment, respondents reported
that Typhoon Haiyan caused
increased illness, injuries and
insufficient access to medicines;
they also described the need for
cleaned public facilities, supplies and
mobile clinics.60 Children noted the
injuries incurred during the disaster
for some community members and
the residual trauma children faced
(for instance, triggered during
subsequent rains). When presented
with the list of problems that adults
reported in the first couple of
weeks following the typhoon, all
the children agreed that health was
a problem, yet unlike some adults, none rated it as the most important problem for their family.
WAYCS provided a safe space for mothers and caregivers to care for their young children in the
aftermath of a disaster and served as a venue for basic health and nutrition education. It is an
effective space for education and health promotion, distribution of support items (e.g., breastfeeding
and infant kits), assessing children’s nutritional status and referrals to services, and capacity-building
of community health volunteers. Through DFATD 1 support, WV distributed the following
resources through WAYCS: 1,058 breastfeeding kits, 851 infant kits, 367 baby carriers and 590
delivery kits.61 Both mothers/caregivers who participated in the WAYCS (and their husbands)
observed improvements in their family’s health as a result of participation and practicing what they
had learned.62 WV staff reported that WAYCS provided important benefits to children by providing
debriefing and learning opportunities for mothers and supporting the health needs of families.63
Community validation confirmed the usefulness of the safe spaces and education supports.
COMMUNITY ASSETS THROUGH CASH FOR WORK
CFW was implemented in both the relief and recovery phases through the ADH and DFATD 2
grants in the East and West Leyte. Through DFATD 2, 1,704 community members participated in 66
CFW projects across three municipalities, which completed in September 2014.64 As of the end of
June 2014, a total of 1,548 participants engaged in 22 ADH-supported CFW projects for community
assets related to WASH, education, infrastructure, health and livelihoods.65 Some children in the
FGD cited CFW as an important WV contribution during the Response (see FGD quote below).66
The discussion of household income and livelihoods continues in the next section, Outcome 2.
60 WV THR/WVDF. Rapid Assessment Report Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda). November 2013. 61 WV Canada. DFATD 1 Final Report. 31 August 2014. 62 WV THR. Women and Young Children Spaces Report. May 2014. 63 SurveyMonkey® April 2014, n=39. 64 WVDF. Quarterly IHA Project Report: DFATD 2 Grant Agreement. July-September 2014. 65 WV Germany. ADH Interim Report. August 2014. 66 WV THR. EOG evaluation qualitative report. March 2015.
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“Because of cash for work, we were able to buy food for the whole family” ~ girl
CFW was used as a quick-impact
support for household income and to
restore community assets. CFW also
built upon the top contributions
households said they could make
towards their own (and community’s)
recovery using their labour, skills and
tools.67 About half of the community
leaders surveyed reported that people
in their barangays had carried out WV
work projects resulting in new or
improved community assets. There
were a total of 38 projects reported
by community leaders across 19
barangays, such as water systems,
drainage, tree planting/ gardens, etc. One CL commented that WV could have provided more
working tools (shovels, pick axes, etc.) for the project implementation to be more effective.
The CFW PDM reports for the East and West Leyte described the impacts of the activities for
households and communities. At the household level the CFW provided temporary employment
opportunities, enhanced capacity of participants to meet the basic needs of their families, and
improved the ability of households to access credit and/ or pay debt. Benefits to communities
included rehabilitation of community assets and improved access to community services, improved
community sanitation and drainage, and increased social cohesion and coordination. The West Leyte
key informants reported that the restoration of community assets was linked to positive impacts on
the following areas– psychosocial well-being, child protection, environmental rehabilitation, DRR,
food security and community infrastructure budget. Four out of five (80%) of CFW participants in
East Leyte and 87% of West Leyte participants were satisfied with the interventions provided
through the CFW projects.68
Community validation confirmed the usefulness of the CFW in helping families recover and
benefiting the community (see quotes below). CFW was mentioned as particularly important and
timely as the intervention followed the food distributions so was a time when families needed
income for food and expenses.
Community validation feedback on CFW (see Annex D for all notes):
East Leyte: CFW was considered useful as the families were able to:
• buy food
• support children’s educational needs
• clean the community
• plant the provided seedlings in the community
• harvest seedlings for personal consumption
Overall, the grant programmes contributed to achieving Outcome 1. From the relief to the recovery
phases, living conditions gradually improved through shelter reconstruction, distribution of basic
67 WV THR/WVDF. Rapid Assessment Report Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda). November 2013. 68 WV THR. PDM Reports: CFW Project: East Leyte Zone (November 2014) / West Leyte Zone (October 2014).
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household items, repair of water systems and sanitation facilities, hygiene promotion, employment
opportunities and restored community assets—including access to education and health facilities,
and through the improved safety and well-being of children and mothers. Ultimately, these improved
living conditions impacted the ability of children to learn, prevented illness and safety issues and
enabled health for families and communities. The unintended effect of timing and quantity of
materials issues for shelter interventions impacted the ability of some families to build back better.
The following photos show restored community assets through CFW: L1 water system and
community garden in East Leyte, among the many.
Summary of community validation of Outcome 1: Panay and North Cebu participants described
how emergency relief distributions allowed them to temporarily cope with household needs and to
focus on finding shelter repair materials and clearing debris. All zones echoed the importance of
shelter assistance, yet also the challenges of fully repairing their shelters with WV materials and in
line with disaster-resistant standards due to issues of: delayed material distributions, some issues
with inadequate quantity of materials, unaffordable hiring costs, land ownership problems, and the
necessity to shift the consumption priorities from shelter to other household needs.
In regards to WASH, East and West Leyte participants confirmed that because of WV’s timely
assistance, community members have access to safe water, and to toilet facilities that can be
comfortably utilised, which prevents open defecation; people also have increased awareness of
hygiene and sanitation practices and the prevention of disease for children. Some participants cited
follow-up issues with the water system and incomplete latrine construction. Children from West
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Leyte reported current problems related to access to a safe and reliable water source, and that
households have had to purchase water bottle water.
The community validated the CFS as helpful for providing recreation, continued education and
leadership skills for children. CFW benefits to families and communities were confirmed.
Outcome 2: Typhoon-affected families have restored affected livelihoods and
increased capital and asset base
Sector: Livelihoods
DFATD 2 and ADH contributed to Outcome 2 interventions through livelihood activities in East and
West Leyte zones in the recovery phase. However, as mentioned in the section on timeliness, the
recovery phase livelihoods activities had just started at the time of the EOG survey. Thus,
interpretation of this data should consider that factor, meaning interviewed households were only
recalling how relief and recovery activities generally contributed to their household economic
situation, and for East and West Leyte this also entails the contribution of CFW for some
households. Thus, it should be noted that the impact of livelihood activities cannot be assessed here.
Findings from this section will be further explored through the frame of building resilience in the
subsequent section.
Context: The children recalled that the devastation of livelihoods meant that farmers and
agricultural workers had no employment opportunities as crops were lost, fishing livelihoods were
dramatically disrupted from loss of inputs and damage to the aquamarine life, and small business
owners suffered damage to their shops and loss of supplies. In some cases, the main income earners
of the family were injured or lost their lives. The children emphasised how they and their families
were resourceful and fully engaged in finding work to survive and recover. Casual labour and lower-
paid work was relied upon by many household members (see FGD quotes below). The children
cited support for livelihoods as important WV contributions during the Response.69
“The coconut trees and bananas are our main products. They were ruined by the typhoon so we could not
sell them. It will take months or years for the fields to produce yields again for us to sell.” ~ girl
“My father did anything he could for us. If someone asked him to do something, he immediately took the
work just to earn in order to provide for our needs.” ~ girl
“Our main sources of income which are farming and fishing were damaged. My father went out to look for
fish so we could buy food. Others engaged in casual labour like repairing houses to have money to buy food.”
~girl
At the end of the relief phase, the THR six-month report described significant challenges to
recovery due to the lack of long-term livelihood options. Affected households were dependent on
seasonal and unsustainable income sources such as non-agricultural casual labour, subsistence
farming and fishing, with a significant decrease in the sale of seafood, agricultural products and
livestock across all zones. Households also relied on income from migration remittances, NGO and
government aid, borrowing money, as well as food/CFW.70 The children FGD participants from the
current evaluation also reported that family separation was an impact of destroyed livelihoods, as
family members had to leave the community, even go abroad, to find employment. Eight percent of
households have had a member migrate either temporarily or permanently in the 30 days prior to
the survey to find work and support the household with their food needs, which was still occurring
most often in North Cebu households (14%)(see Table 36 in Annex C).
69 WV THR. EOG evaluation qualitative report. March 2015. 70 WV THR. 6-Month Report. April 2014.
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The rehabilitation phase baseline study showed that the trend reported at six-months and that the
children recalled of casual labour taking the place of income sourced from pre-Haiyan fishing and
farming livelihoods continued through the recovery phase. This is also evident in the HH survey
findings that follow (see Figure 16). The Response activities that transitioned from CFW to restoring
livelihoods and assets were particularly relevant to this need for restored livelihoods.
At EOG, 30% of households report the coping behaviour of reducing expenditure on agriculture and
livelihood inputs in order to buy food: 40% of Panay households employ this behaviour, 30% of West
Leyte households, 26% of East Leyte households and 19% of North Cebu households. This indicates
that many households struggle to restore their livelihood assets because of the attempt to meet
their household food needs.
Figure 15: HH to reduce expenditure on livelihood inputs to buy food in
last 30 days, by zone (n=1382)
*Note: Calculations of the WV EOG zone total or average cannot be done by hand because
the values across zones have been weighted.
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Household economics: In the month prior to the survey, non-farming casual labour (42%) was the
main income source for households, then farming labour (24%), which may indicate such households
rely on casual labour because their affected livelihoods have not been restored. East Leyte is the
only zone relying on farming labour (41%) more so than non-farming labour (28%)(Figure 16).
Formal employment was also a main source of income for all zones except Panay, where small
business such as a sari-sari store was the third most commonly reported source (18%)(see Table 37
in Annex C).
Figure 16: HH main income sources during the last month, by zone (n=1382)
*Note: Calculations of the WV EOG zone total or average cannot be done by hand because the values
across zones have been weighted.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative, and line items with zone total <30
omitted.
Households that received UCT in Panay and North Cebu within the first 90 days after the disaster
reported through PDM that casual labour was their main income source, and that their main
expense was definitively food, followed by shelter expenses.71 While the UCT PDM comprised a
different sample of barangays and UCT was not part of the grants, it provides a point of distinction
for the EOG evaluation in those two zones, where casual labour continues to be the main income
source—though not enough to restore livelihood assets when competing with food as the primary
need and expense. Notably, shelter is not the second major expense for the EOG households, but
education, health and other household repair costs instead.
As shown in Figure 17 below, the most important expenditure for households in the month before
the survey was the cost of staple food (87%), followed by educational costs such as fees or uniforms
(39%), health and medical costs (27%) and household expenses (i.e., repairs/appliances)(26%). This
corresponds to the findings presented in Figure 36 that other household expenditures related to
education, healthcare and livelihood inputs have been reduced in order to buy food. All zones named
staple food as their most important expense: East Leyte (97%), West Leyte (94%), North Cebu
(87%) and Panay (78%); followed by education and health expenses (see Table 38 in Annex C). For
East Leyte this result of staple food being the major expense for nearly all households may be
compounded by the impact of Typhoon Hagupit that hit the zone just weeks before EOG data were
collected, leaving markets devastated and families vulnerable to food insecurity.
Figure 17: HH main expenses during the last month (n=1382)
71 WV THR. PDM Report: Unconditional Cash Transfer. 23 January 2014.
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Note: Percentages do not add to 100 due to multiple responses.
*Other responses (n=<30) include, for example: fuel, birthday/funeral/marriage, rent, clothing, etc.
Just over one in three households (35%) is able to fully meet their top expenditure, which is staple
food for most as shown above. At the zonal level, over half of North Cebu households are able to
fully meet their top expenditure (57%) compared to 40% in West Leyte, 24% in East Leyte and one
in five Panay households (21%)(Figure 18). Three-quarters of East Leyte households reported they
can partially meet their main expense, while one in ten households (10%) in both West Leyte and
Panay are not at all able to meet their top needs (see Table 39 in Annex C).
Figure 18: HH ability to “fully” meet top expenditure (n=1382)
*Note: Calculations of the WV EOG zone total or average cannot be done by hand because
the values across zones have been weighted.
Among households who are able to partially or fully meet their top expenses, most attribute
involvement in WV projects as helpful either partially (42%) or fully (42%) in meeting that expense
(Figure 19). For North Cebu households, about two-thirds (67%) fully agree that WV projects
helped them to meet their top household expense. Yet conversely, one-quarter of West Leyte
households (25%) do not at all agree that WV projects were helpful in that way (see Table 40 in
Annex C). Again, this may be due to the recent impact of yet another major typhoon in the region.
Figure 19: WV projects helpful for meeting HH expenses (n=1227)
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Note: Percentages may not add up to 100 due to rounding.
More than half of the households (53%) reported that a household member holds an outstanding
loan. See Table 41 in Annex C for these results at the zonal level.
The main reasons for borrowing money (of the households that reported an outstanding loan) are
shown in Figure 20; not surprisingly, with staple food being the top expenditure it is also the reason
for debt for 70% of households, with the other reasons for borrowing aligned with the main
household expenditures (see Figure 17 above).
Food purchase is consistently the main reason for borrowing across zones, with variation at the
zonal level involving: Nearly one-third of Panay households (31%) also cited education costs as a
reason for borrowing, and about one-quarter of West Leyte households (26%) cited healthcare
costs (see Table 42 in Annex C). The main sources for the loans were a friend, relative or neighbour
(50%), bank or formal lending institution (19%), trader or grocer (14%) and money lender (13%),
among other less common sources (see Table 43 in Annex C).
It is notable that the reasons for borrowing were not related to shelter, water systems or latrine
repair, or to purchase of basic household items, which were the main activities of the grant
programmes. However, direct correlation of the activities to this indicator cannot be made through
this evaluation.
Figure 20: HH main reasons for borrowing money (n=732)
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Note: Percentages do not add to 100 due to multiple responses.
*Other responses (n=<30) include, for example: to build a house, buy land, etc.
Most households did not report cash savings (82%), as shown in Figure 21, for zonal reports of any
savings see Table 44 in Annex C. The main reasons for saving correspond with both the main
household expenditures and reasons for loans previously discussed: Food purchases (44%), to
prepare for difficult times (39%), healthcare (37%) and education costs (32%).
Figure 21: HH cash savings (n=1382)
Note: Percentages may not add up to 100 due to rounding.
Overall, the relief and recovery activities of the grant programmes have likely prevented families
from further loss of livelihood assets and capital. Through the provision of relief goods and shelter
reconstruction assistance, families can then focus their limited income on household food needs and
other priorities, such as health and education. There is clearly the continued need for long-term
livelihood strategies linked to food security and the restoration of livelihoods, shifting away from
casual labour, migration or debt, particularly for consumptive needs. The livelihood activities of
DFATD 2 and ADH that started after the HH survey may show promise as to those shifts and thus
make direct contributions to Outcome 2.
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Community validation of Outcome 2: Community members confirmed the livelihood challenges
they continue to face, namely through casual labour, because of livelihoods destroyed from the
typhoon and the link between their current insufficient income and inability to meet all household
needs—including the struggle to provide for food needs (discussed further in the section on
resilience). An adult from Sawahon said, “We were once dependent in coco farming yet those were
damaged during Typhoon Haiyan. At present, people here work in cutting lumber. Once cutting of lumber is
done, there will be a lot of jobless people.”
East Leyte participants report that because livelihood assets of the community were damaged and
there are limited livelihood opportunities, households are experiencing difficulty in supporting the
food need of family members. For those who had received WV livelihood assistance at EOG such as
animal distributions and trainings, they explained that the support allowed them meet daily needs
(e.g., buy rice and pay for school transportation), and in some cases to buy livelihood inputs, but
they were not able to begin saving (see Annex D for community validation notes).
Outcome 4: Typhoon-affected communities, families including children are
empowered to inform World Vision Response programming
Sector: Humanitarian Accountability (HA)
Outcome 4 activities were supported by all four grant programmes, and HA measures were
employed in the implementation of the programmes.
Most activities listed by child FGD participants to address their priority problems after Typhoon
Haiyan were considered by the children to be activities in which they, their families or their
communities had directly taken part.72 This concept of engagement with and alongside the
communities was more than a cross-cutting issue, but a core programme of the Response from the
start. Both the relief phase logframe and the recovery strategy name HA as a key outcome, making
THR the first Category III WV Response to do so.73
World Vision showed strong commitment and leadership to HA as a core sector in the first days of
the relief phase through the deployment of a senior HA focal point and quickly establishing a team to
implement HA activities at the first distributions as well as embed HA within the awareness of
sector staff. Most importantly, community input guided the design of the programme from the
beginning through multiple rounds of consultation and assessments in the first weeks following the
typhoon; for this WV was commended as a leader by the international humanitarian community.74
The HA activities initiated in the relief phase included the following:75
Information provision at distributions (banners and megaphones)
Registration of feedback and complaints (help desks and key staff contacts to receive phone
calls and texts)
Collection of HA data in assessments and Post Distribution Monitoring
Integration of HA commitments into grants
Approval of budget for HA activities
Endorsement of HA Team structure and appointment of HA Manager, Humanitarian
Accountability Officers (HAO), and Feedback Assistants (managing community feedback
database)
72 WV THR. EOG evaluation qualitative report. March 2015. 73 WV THR. 90-day Report. March 2014. 74 E.g., Accountability to Affected Population (AAP) working group co-lead and case studies presented at best
practices workshop (UNOCHA). 75 WV THR. 90-day Report. March 2014.
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Translation of additional information material for communities
Orientation and sensitization of field and other Response staff to HA
Interagency engagement, training and influence
Engagement with First Response Radio to collaborate on broadcasting information to
disaster affected communities.
HA collected feedback from communities but also followed through with a feedback loop to
Response leaders and sectors that could inform programming and planning for the recovery phase.
The recovery phase expanded HA to: support the Response’s “structural-oriented” shift toward the
municipal level focus and coordination of the recovery, for instance, by working with the LGUs to
host inter-agency community transparency events;76 further integrate Complaints and Response
Mechanisms (CRM); establish Frontline SMS in every zone; develop Community Recovery
Committees (CRCs) in every barangay to assist with holding WV to meet HA standards; lead the
development of the beneficiary selection toolkit; and provide adequate messaging to communities on
the rationale for the recovery phase geographic prioritisation.77
The relief phase recommendations were to sensitise communities and train all deployable staff
before disaster hits, and to ensure all sector work plans include HA measures from the start of a
Response.78 Overall, from the community leaders’ perspective, 78% would recommend WV to
another community based on their experience (note: there was no further information collected to
elaborate this response).
The following results of the HH survey triangulated with other information are organised around:
information provision, participation, feedback and complaints mechanisms and response to
complaints.79
76 Note from NO: Structural-oriented follow-up phase refers to the work the THR will be doing with local
government in the rehabilitation phase, and how WV will apply lessons learned from working with programme
beneficiaries and government in previous phases to the rehabilitation phase. 77 WV THR. 90-day Report. March 2014. 78 WV THR. 90-day Report, WVDF (Philippines), March 2014. 79 Note: the Accountability Framework includes four pillars: information provision, promoting participation,
consulting communities, collecting and acting on feedback and complaints. Consultations were purposively not
a part of this evaluation and the focus shifted to feedback mechanisms and response as separate components.
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Information provision: The THR aimed to provide beneficiaries with relevant programme and
disaster information such as through barangay general assemblies, translated banners, fliers and
direct communication with staff (as well as the DEC-funded Radio Abante). At the end of the relief
phase World Vision staff named HA as an area for continued improvement, and in the short-term,
the staff suggested better information provision to communities on when activities were scheduled
or changing.80
Most households (75%) are fully satisfied with the information they received about World Vision and
the relief programme.81 West Leyte households reported the lowest level of full satisfaction with
information received (57%)(Figure 22). The barangay council (49%) or barangay/community assembly
(41%), followed by from a neighbour or friend (24%), are the most commonly cited sources of
information across zones for receiving information on WV interventions (see Table 45 in Annex C).
These findings compare to 60% of households having received sufficient information on WV activities
in the immediate aftermath of the typhoon82 and about 88% at the 90-day mark.83 Community
leaders or local government (barangay) were consistently named as the preferred source of the
information by households surveyed immediately after the disaster, at 90-days and at EOG.
Figure 22: HH fully satisfied with information received about WV
and overall relief efforts (n=1382)
*Note: Calculations of the WV EOG zone total or average cannot be done by
hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
Various project monitoring reports have shown the widespread achievements of information
provision and the areas for improvement across Response projects. WAYCS’ participating
mothers/caregivers (and husbands) reported high awareness of WV and the purpose of WAYCS.
Information on beneficiary selection and operations could be better communicated by staff, such
gaps were noted in West Leyte early in the Response.84
Most community leaders (83%) agreed that communications with WV were effective. The following
are the suggestions of the community leaders for improved communication:
Provide more information about projects (n=4)
Visit the barangays, project sites more often (n=3)
80 SurveyMonkey® April 2014, n=39. 81 Satisfaction three-point scale (not at all, somewhat satisfied, fully satisfied) and option for DK, which for this
question included 11% of households and could have been used as a “not applicable” option. 82 WV THR/WVDF. Rapid Assessment Report Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda). November 2013. 83 WV THR. 90-day Report. March 2014. 84 WV THR. Women and Young Children Spaces Report. May 2014.
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Show up when WV is expected to (n=1)
Participate in more community meetings (n=1)
Staff should not be disrespectful (n=1)
“It would have been better if we were informed of activities not a day before the activities themselves. For
example, livelihood training beneficiaries are told that training will be done on the 1st week of February. They
temporarily stop work because they are expecting for the training to happen.” ~Community leader
Participation and input: Two-thirds of households (67%) are fully satisfied with the mechanisms
provided by WV for them and their communities to give input on WV activities and programmes.85
The pattern at the zonal level is similar to that of receiving information (above) with about three-
quarters of North Cebu and Panay households reporting full satisfaction, 63% of East Leyte and 52%
of West Leyte households (Figure 23).
Figure 23: HH fully satisfied with mechanisms provided by WV to
give input (n=1382)
*Note: Calculations of the WV EOG zone total or average cannot be done by hand
because the values across zones have been weighted.
The THR aimed to promote the consultation and participation of community members throughout
the project cycle, such as through Frontline SMS, and the presence of help desks and feedback boxes
as standard procedure at every distribution point and community feedback boxes provided in the
location of every community project (also used as complaints mechanisms), from which the feedback
is consolidated as part of monthly reports.
The HA and DME teams worked diligently to collect input from target children, families and
communities for the DME of Response programmes from the relief to recovery and rehabilitation
phases. The key findings from such assessments, and as with this EOG evaluation, were shared with
the communities that participated in the surveys as a community validation process, empowering
community members with the information to hold WV accountable and guide their self-recovery
efforts. WV staff provided long-term suggestions for the continued improvement of HA, including
increased participation of communities in the design of projects and sustained working relationships
with affected communities beyond the THR.86
Feedback and complaints mechanisms: The THR aimed to establish/maintain CRM and
community committees and systems to support accountability processes.
85 Satisfaction three-point scale (not at all, somewhat satisfied, fully satisfied) and option for DK, which for this
question included 20% of households and could have been used as a “not applicable” option. 86 SurveyMonkey® April 2014, n=39.
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Third in the series on satisfaction level, this question showed a similar trend across zones. Just over
half of households (54%) reported they are fully satisfied with how feedback and complaints were
welcomed,87 ranging from two-thirds of North Cebu households reporting satisfaction (66%) to 42%
of West Leyte households(Figure 24). One community leader commented that WV could have made
it more possible for the community to provide feedback and complaints. This generally compares to
a range of 76-89% of households at 90-days who had sufficient information about how to provide
feedback to WV.88
Figure 24: HH fully satisfied with how feedback/complaints were
welcomed (n=1382)
*Note: Calculations of the WV EOG zone total or average cannot be done by hand
because the values across zones have been weighted.
The most common response from households regarding methods for providing feedback is that they
“don’t know” what methods are available (38%). Methods that were known and reported by
households include: dropping a letter in the suggestion box (21%), directly talking to WV field staff
(15%), reporting feedback to the barangay chairman (14%), talking to the purok leader (13%),
attending barangay assembly (12%) or sending a text/SMS (11%), and multiple methods could be
reported (Figure 25).
Figure 25: Methods available for providing feedback on WV projects
(n=1382)
87 Satisfaction three-point scale (not at all, somewhat satisfied, fully satisfied) and option for DK, which for this
question included 36% of households and could have been used as a “not applicable” option. 88 WV THR. 90-day Report. March 2014.
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Note: Percentages do not add to 100 due to multiple responses.
When asked about the feedback method their household used, the most common methods were
reporting to community leaders (purok, 18% or barangay chairman, 16%) or attending assembly
(16%). Notably, while one in five households was aware of the suggestion box for giving feedback,
this method was not among the top methods used by households (12%), which differs from the UCT
and shelter PDM results that suggestion boxes were a more preferred/utilised method (see next
paragraph). The method of sending a text dropped to four percent (see Table 46 in Annex C).
While UCT was not an activity of these grant programmes, it provides a reference point for
comparing the results; UCT PDM results show that about half of beneficiaries (52%) preferred to
share concerns through a help desk, 20% directly with WV staff, 17% with a suggestion box and 11%
with a text/call.89 For shelter Type A beneficiaries in East Leyte, 35% did not know of available CRM,
and if a method was used the suggestion box was most common; notably, while a quarter of shelter
beneficiaries were aware of the ability to text/call a concern, this method was not used.90
Of the households who cited using a feedback method, the most common reason for using their
selected method is that it was available and secured (63%); other common reasons are the methods
were located nearby their homes (21%), familiarity with the method (18%) or that it entailed no cost
(12%)(Figure 26).
Figure 26: Why feedback method used was preferred (n=572)
89 WV THR. PDM Report: Unconditional Cash Transfer. 23 January 2014. 90 WV THR. PDM Report: Shelter Materials Distribution Project (Package A) in East Leyte Zone. 1 August 2014.
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Note: Percentages do not add to 100 due to multiple responses.
*Other responses included, for example: Ability to give feedback directly to WV and
ensure actions will be taken/immediate Response, preference for talking personally to
state message clearly, or preference for utilising the provided venue to express
concerns,
These mixed results on the preferred method for giving feedback may show that some types of
feedback mechanisms are more appropriate for different projects and different types of feedback
(i.e., complaints versus suggestions). It also shows that barangay assemblies (or talking with barangay
leaders) may be utilised more if there was wider awareness of the ability to access WV through the
local government; there is an overall trend of using methods of personal contact in order to receive
a direct response from WV staff, through a help desk or with community leaders. This is an
important consideration with the structural-oriented follow up phase, which means WV more
closely coordinates with local government.91
In addition, Frontline SMS is under-utilised even though beneficiaries may be aware of the method
and at 90-days said they ‘would’ use it.92 However, it may be perceived as a method that is not
personal, available or secure, and may be cost prohibitive. The Response has considered these
variations and tailored their assessment tool during the recent Typhoon Hagupit to ask about
preferred methods for both giving feedback and receiving project information.
WV responsiveness to feedback and complaints: This question received the lowest overall
reports of full satisfaction. Approximately half of households (50%) are fully satisfied with how WV
responded to feedback and complaints provided by them and the community, following a similar
trend at the zonal level as previously discussed (Figure 27).93
Figure 27: HH fully satisfied with WV response to feedback and
91 Note from NO: Structural-oriented follow-up phase refers to the work the THR will be doing with local
government in the rehabilitation phase, and how WV will apply lessons learned from working with programme
beneficiaries and government in previous phases to the rehabilitation phase. 92 Note from NO: The usage of Frontline SMS has steadily improved from March 2014 to 2015. 93 Satisfaction three-point scale (not at all, somewhat satisfied, fully satisfied) and option for DK, which for this
question included 40% of households and could have been used as a “not applicable” option.
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complaints (n=1382)
*Note: Calculations of the WV EOG zone total or average cannot be done by hand
because the values across zones have been weighted.
The THR 12-month report explained how the feedback loop for CRM was enhanced, starting with
revising feedback templates in order to be most useful for presenting trends to the programmes and
operations teams. HA also produced a programme quality and accountability monthly report. The
HA team worked closely with sector and team leaders to appropriately respond to feedback and
complaints received, which included a feedback report (i.e., Feedback Registry and Resolution Status)
produced twice monthly to track feedback status, and to eventually inform the community of WV’s
response.94 Two examples of how this important community feedback impacted programming are:
Feedback received regarding the beneficiary selection for shelter with totally damaged houses as a
main criteria led to the inclusion of households with partially damaged houses in other interventions
such as livelihoods; and based on shelter Type A PDM results showing that households were
struggling to repair their homes due to lack of money to hire labour and inadequate materials, the
THR enacted a supplemental project to provide technical assistance, labour and cash.95 This system
for context monitoring (e.g., early establishment of CRM, etc.) that informs adaptive management of
programmes is cited by staff as an achievement of the Response.96
While providing feedback mechanisms and orientation to projects for beneficiaries is standard
operating practice at distributions, as is tracking and resolving feedback received as discussed above,
there appears to be discrepancy in how the data are reported, possibly reporting lower achievement
than the actual achievements towards this outcome. For instance, the one-year programme report
stated that just five percent of target community members had received programme information or
orientation on humanitarian standards, and that 13% of target community members were part of the
beneficiary selection process, coordinated community consultations or cluster/stakeholder
coordination.97 The reported output and outcome indicators many need to be reviewed to show a
more accurate picture of the HA achievements.
There is clearly a zonal trend of satisfaction with HA processes, and the differences in
implementation of HA mechanisms from North Cebu to West Leyte should be explored. Overall,
these HA efforts to engage the target families and communities significantly contributed to improving
the programme.
Community validation of Outcome 4: Participants from North Cebu and East Leyte confirmed
their satisfaction with the WV information provision and their preference for providing feedback,
94 WV THR. 12-Month Report. November 2014. 95 Note: these examples were provided by the THR DME team during finalisation of this evaluation. 96 WV THR. Lessons Learnt Report: draft. January 2015. 97 WV THR. 12-Month Report. November 2014.
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particularly through barangay representatives and WV staff if an immediate response is desired, or
through a comments box because of the accessibility. SMS was cited as less preferred due to the
cost of sending a text. Panay adult and child participants expressed gratitude for the Response
efforts of WV as well as the opportunity through the community validation process to learn more
about WV assistance and to voice their thoughts and concerns (see Annex D for community
validation notes).
“It is good that we are able to share our ideas on how WV could better provide assistance. It is encouraging
for us.” ~ adult, Panay
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Resilience
This section discusses the evidence of WV achieving their overall programme goal through the
support of the grant programmes:
to strengthen the resilience of typhoon-affected communities and families
including children.
The Response Programme uses resilience capacities and vulnerabilities as the framework for
understanding how target populations have been affected by, are coping with and recovering from
Typhoon Haiyan. The relief phase aimed to reduce vulnerability, alleviate suffering, save lives and
promote human dignity by meeting the immediate needs of affected families—e.g., basic household
items, hygiene and shelter kits, and safe spaces for women and children supported by the grant
programmes. These relief phase objectives intended to facilitate the recovery of households and
communities across the WV target geographic zones.98
World Vision understands that programming to build resilience capacity must be integrated, such as
in linking relief, rehabilitation and development (LRRD). This approach has guided the larger
Response strategy of layering sector interventions and connecting the Response with NO
development strategies. One Response document explains, “[WV] has transitioned from
distribution-focused relief activities which were necessary during the relief phase to meet the
immediate survival needs of impacted communities, to a more nuanced recovery programme that
continues to ensure that the basic needs of communities are met, while strengthening resilience and
supporting their self-recovery efforts.”99
Absorptive capacity: The relief and recovery phases also aimed to build absorptive capacity, that
is, the capacity of families and communities to bounce back from shocks (see Figure 28). World
Vision defines absorptive capacity as: families and households cope with shocks and stresses by
anticipating and preparing for disasters, and by bouncing back better and recovering quickly from
shocks. It can be thought of as the ability to manage, or cope with, shocks or stressors in the short
term. However, it is important to distinguish between positive and negative coping strategies for
dealing with shocks. Adaptive and transformative capacities are briefly discussed at the end of this
section.
Figure 28: Three capacities of resilience programming
Source: Béné, Wood, Newsham, & Davies, 2012.
98 World Vision Canada. DFATD 1 Final Report. 31 August 2014. 99 World Vision Germany. ADH Proposal. 7 July 2014.
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This section builds upon the discussion of achieving outcomes and discusses findings on
preparedness to subsequent shocks, current priority problems of children and food security of
households as an indication of the resilience capacity of families. As shown in the previous section on
effectiveness, the major vulnerabilities around hunger, shelter, health and safety have been addressed
through WV assistance supported by the grant programmes and guided by community feedback.
However, challenges with restoring livelihoods (activities under these grants for which were just
launching as the survey was underway) and fully disaster-proofing and repairing homes combined
with the burden of providing for food needs through debt and unstable casual labour have affected
the ability of households to create an asset safety net and to move towards building their adaptive
capacity.100 Ongoing monitoring following livelihood interventions will be carefully implemented to
ensure these resilience factors improve.
The following are key elements of WV’s definition of absorptive capacity,101 which are developed as
an index score for the rehabilitation phase: people anticipate, prepare for and mitigate the effects of
shocks and stressors; people bounce back better and recover quickly from shocks, people safely
navigate their built environment, households create an asset safety net; and people have access to
(informal) social protection and community safety nets. This section discusses findings from the EOG
survey and other data sources for the first two components.
Absorptive capacity includes factors that assist households in minimising the extent of exposure to
shocks and recovering from them without using negative coping strategies. For this discussion the
following results provide evidence for the extent to which households have recovered from
Typhoon Haiyan, prepared for and mitigated future shocks:
Challenges in coping with shocks since Haiyan
Perceived recovery from shocks since Haiyan
Perceived preparedness for future shocks
Ultimately, increased resilience to shocks should improve the well-being outcomes of households. In
lieu of standard food security and nutrition outcome indicators,102 the household findings on food
security coping behaviours and the current problems described by children are discussed as evidence
of improved household resilience capacity.
EXPOSURE AND PREPAREDNESS TO FUTURE DISASTERS
In the Philippine’s context of recurrent natural disasters and shocks, it is not possible to stop
households from being exposed to shocks, but it is possible to improve their ability to withstand and
respond to shocks. A recent resilience study in Ethiopia showed that even while the exposure and
severity (as perceived by households) of shocks increases, and inevitably puts stress on household
food security, increased resilience capacity helps to reduce the negative impacts of the shocks.103
Nearly all households (97%) have faced another shock or disaster since Typhoon Haiyan. Panay
households were least likely to face another shock compared to the other zones (see Table 47 in
Annex C).104 Most households (98%) experienced Typhoon Hagupit in early December 2014 and
100 Adaptive capacity involves making proactive and informed choices about alternative livelihood strategies
based on changing conditions. Source: Frankenberger, T. 2015. Measuring Resilience. Presentation for Feed the
Future FEEDBACK. TANGO International. 21 January. 101 WV THR. (Rehabilitation Phase) Baseline Report, TANGO International. June 2014. 102 E.g., Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and the Household Hunger Scale (HHS). 103 Smith, L. et al. 2014. Baseline Report for the Impact Evaluation of the Pastoralist Areas Resilience
Improvement and Market Expansion (PRIME) Project Ethiopia. TANGO International. 104 Panay households (93%) were less likely to have faced a disaster since Haiyan compared to all other zones,
a difference that is statistically significant at p=<0.05 (F=14.670, df=3, Tukey HSD/Sig=.000).
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about half (52%) experienced Typhoon Jangmi (52%) just weeks later (Figure 29).105 At the zonal
level, 24% of West Leyte households also report experiencing the July 2014 Typhoon Rammasun
(Glenda)106 (see Table 47 in Annex C).
Figure 29: Shocks and disasters communities have faced since Typhoon
Haiyan (n=1353)
Note: Percentages do not add to 100 due to multiple responses.
*Other responses for natural disasters: Earthquake, landslide and fire (collapsed into
category by TANGO).
Four out of five households (80%) surveyed indicated they faced challenges in coping with these
additional shocks after Typhoon Haiyan. At the zonal level, significantly more households in East
Leyte (90%) faced challenges in coping with subsequent shocks after Typhoon Haiyan (as those who
also faced more subsequent disasters) compared to North Cebu (79%) or Panay (72%). Fewer
households in Panay (72%) reported facing challenges in coping with subsequent shocks than in all
other zones (Figure 30). This suggests that the WV geographic focus for the recovery phase indeed
aligns with the vulnerabilities of the zones.
Figure 30: HH challenged to cope with subsequent disasters
(n=1386)
*Note: Calculations of the WV EOG zone total or average cannot be done by
hand because the values across zones have been weighted. a-d Statistically significant difference across zones at p=<0.05.
105 Accessed 25/3/15: http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/philippines/as-typhoon-jangmi-death-toll-hits-55-
philippines-defends-Response-1.1435461 106 Accessed 25/3/15: http://www.gov.ph/crisis-Response/storm-glenda-2014/
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The main challenges that hindered the ability of households to cope with these subsequent shocks
were lost access to livelihoods (48%) and lack of money for home, business or land repairs (45%),
among labour constraints, which reiterate the findings from the discussion on Outcome 2. The
households faced various other challenges, including:
Lack of food and water (related to destroyed crops, access to money and market, or food
price increases);
Inability to cope with trauma, anguish or distress;
House damaged/destroyed again and inability to repair (related to adequate shelter from
flood/rain and security of family and belongings); and
Family members sick or injured (see Table 48 in Annex C).
As shown in Figure 31, households rated their ability to recover as a result of assistance from WV
during the THR on a three-point scale (fully, partially and not at all) based on the following question:
As a result of participation in any of World Vision's projects, was your HH better able to face or
recover from this disaster? Overall, the majority of households (83%) agreed they were better able
to recover from subsequent shocks after Typhoon Haiyan either partially or fully as a result of WV
assistance. Notably, over one-half (58%) of North Cebu households reported being able to fully face
or recover from subsequent shocks due to WV’s Response. Three-quarters (74%) of Panay
households reported being able to at least partially face or recover from subsequent shocks due to
WV assistance. One in ten East Leyte (11%) households and 24% of West Leyte households
reported WV assistance did not improve their ability to face or recover from shocks post-Haiyan.
Figure 31: HH better able to recover because of WV assistance (n=1009)
*Note: Calculations of the WV EOG zone total or average cannot be done by hand because the
values across zones have been weighted.
DK (n=59) responses at five percent of HH were omitted from this chart.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative.
To further elucidate household results regarding the role of WV assistance in helping families
recover after shocks, children were asked about their priority needs after Haiyan, whether they
were met and by whom. Children had a strong perception of family and community-driven activities
addressing their priority needs (76% of activities regarded by children as useful to address priority
needs were community-driven). Of the external support (24%) that children indicated helped meet
their priority needs, WV activities contributed over one-half (13%), with the remaining support
(11%) from government and other organisations (see Figure 39 in Annex C). The following quotes
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from children describe how they themselves, their families, communities and humanitarian agencies
collaborated and contributed to relief and recovery:
‘‘We just built a temporary shelter. We salvaged corrugated sheets. We used amakan (bamboo strips) for
walls.’’ ~ boy
‘‘The people in our village worked together to build a common shelter to protect us from the elements. A lot
of families stayed there. We made adjustments accordingly to accommodate more.” ~ girl
“There was a feeding programme in the village for the typhoon-affected families.” ~ boy
“Two days after the typhoon, we helped clean our school grounds but we were not able to finish the work
because we also helped our parents in repairing our house.” ~ boy
Approximately two-thirds of households (67%) feel they are fully prepared to deal with the adverse
effects of a future typhoon or major disaster, 24% are not fully prepared and nine percent do not
know (Figure 32).107 The perception of feeling fully prepared is different than actually having the
capacity to prepare, as will be discussed below.
Figure 32: HH fully prepared to face another major disaster (n=1382)
Note: Percentages may not add up to 100 due to rounding.
Of the households that did not feel they were fully prepared to deal with a future typhoon or major
disaster, 80% reported needing stronger, disaster-resistant shelter in order to be better prepared,
which was consistently the top need across zones. Households also reported needing livelihoods and
income (30%), better health among household members including access to healthcare (18%) and
better access to early warning and preparedness information (10%), as contributing to better
preparedness for dealing with a future typhoon or major disaster, among other needs (Figure 33).
107 Notably, more households in East Leyte (79%) feel fully prepared to deal with a future typhoon or major
disaster compared to the other zones (77% in Panay, 60% in North Cebu and 52% in West Leyte), despite East
Leyte being hit the hardest by both Typhoon Haiyan and Typhoon Hagupit (see Table 49 in Annex C). This
determination exhibited by East Leyte households was also shown through the Ladder of Life measure in the
rehabilitation phase baseline, where more households in East Leyte ranked their lives as thriving and less as
suffering as compared to the other zones.
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Figure 33: HH needs to be prepared for future disaster (n=518)
Note: Percentages do not add to 100 due to multiple responses.
*Other responses most common: adequate supply of food; improved water sources; improved community
DRR infrastructure (e.g., drainage, evacuation centres, etc.).
Community validation feedback confirmed that households feel better prepared to deal with another
major disaster because of increased awareness of how to mitigate the impacts gained through WV’s
BBB seminars (see examples below).
Community validation feedback on DRR (see Annex D for all notes):
Participants shared awareness of the following disaster preparedness measures:
ideal location for building houses and carpentry techniques for strengthening repairs
stock medicines, food, rice, clothes and lights prior to the typhoon
identify sources of information about the typhoon, e.g., TV, radio, barangay officials, WV
develop early warning system and barangay DRR system
go to a safe evacuation centre (if available)
tying down houses
CURRENT PROBLEMS AND FOOD SECURITY
During the FGDs, children were asked to describe the single most important problem they were
currently facing, how those problems impact them, and what can be done to improve or resolve the
problem. Education (46%) was now the most frequently identified current problem for FGD boys
and girls, followed by food (19%) and livelihoods (11%). This contrasts with problems identified by
children in the immediate aftermath of the typhoon (Figure 34). While access to food, livelihoods
and adequate shelter remain as current problems, there is a shift in priorities by boys and girls
compared to the start of the Response. As reflected in previous sections, this is likely due to the
efforts made by communities and WV with the support of the grant programmes to address these
key issues. With basic needs being met for more families, education is emerging strongly as the most
pressing issue for children.108
108 WV THR. EOG evaluation qualitative report. March 2015.
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Figure 34: Children’s priority problems, recall from past and current
Source: THR EOG evaluation qualitative report, WV Philippines, March 2015.
It is notable that many children linked their current problems to lack of adequate household
livelihoods and income while also expressing deep concerns about their future. Concerns regarding
their futures resulted primarily from not being able to finish their studies due to financial constraints
(e.g., difficulty finding decent jobs), as well as a concern about continuing food scarcity in their
homes. Children’s suggested solutions emphasised family economics, including addressing debt and
lack of income. Children overwhelmingly described self-reliant ways to resolve the issues they face,
as well as policy-related solutions where advocacy could play a key role.109
Households and community leaders surveyed just weeks after Typhoon Haiyan hit described how
accessing food was the major issue they faced, due to massive devastation to livelihoods along with
increases in food and transportation prices.110 Children’s descriptions of food scarcity and hunger
within their households following Typhoon Haiyan shows that communities helped one another, and
how the massive destruction continues to impact household food access and expenditures in the
recovery phase. Crops, household food supplies, and basic livelihood tools were damaged and
destroyed by the typhoon and subsequent flooding. The children said the impact was that family
members fell ill, and were hungry, and some children recalled their households seeking assistance
from the government or NGOs. Child FGD participants considered the provision of relief goods
(including food items), as provided through the grant programmes, the most useful activity for
addressing the priority food need.111
Improved food security, based on a shift in children’s and family’s priorities away from food to other
priority needs, can be considered as a measure of ‘bouncing back’. The following discussion
describes the food security situation of households as a glimpse of improved well-being outcomes.
Food sources: Children described the challenges their families’ faced in accessing food soon after
Typhoon Haiyan hit. Food and transit (to market) costs became prohibitively expensive while home
savings and earning potential were lost. Many shops and markets were also closed. Households
shared reserve supplies with neighbours and family, but this also depleted any food stock, which was
minimal in many households to begin with. Although progress has been made to address food access,
challenges remain.
109 WV THR. EOG evaluation qualitative report. March 2015. 110 WV THR/WVDF. Rapid Assessment Report Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda). November 2013. 111 WV THR. EOG evaluation qualitative report. March 2015.
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The main source of food for households in the 30 days prior to the survey was through purchase
(83%)(Figure 35), showing that shops and markets are once again functioning and households have
some cash flow for food. In contrast, just after Typhoon Haiyan hit, food was reportedly accessed
through foraging, asking for help from relatives or eating relatives’ commercial supply, and receiving
food aid. It is also a positive signal that one-quarter of households (25%) rely on their own harvest as
their main food source, indicating that farming has resumed—or possibly household gardening, an
activity supported by the grant programmes. See Table 29 in Annex C for food sources by zone.
Figure 35: HH main food sources over last 30 days (n=1382)
While the January 2014 PDM comprised a different sample of barangays in Panay and North Cebu
than the EOG survey, it provides a general comparison for the EOG evaluation in those two zones,
where about one-half of unconditional cash transfer (UCT) beneficiaries surveyed sourced their food
from purchase at that time.112
Average meals per day: According to the HH survey, adult and child household members ate an
average of three meals the day prior to the survey, yet, East Leyte adults and children were eating
significantly fewer daily meals at the time of EOG as compared to other zones (see Table 28 in
Annex C).
Adult and child household members also recalled eating an average of three meals per day for the 30
days prior to the survey, which was also three, though the food source for these meals may have
shifted as discussed above.113 This suggests that access to and availability of meals eaten by
household members may have stabilised in the month prior to the survey. The PDM report of
January 2014 also reported that adults and children in Panay and North Cebu were eating an average
of three daily meals.114
Coping strategies: The coping strategies index (CSI) is an index to measure household food
security and changes in behaviour when households experience problems accessing sufficient
foods.115 See Annex B for the CSI weights. The mean CSI score for all households is 58.0, ranging
112 WV THR. PDM Report: Unconditional Cash Transfer. 23 January 2014. 113 The mean difference is not statistically significant from meals eaten 30 days prior to yesterday for adults
(t=.221, df=1367, SEM=.009, sig=.825) and children (t=.593, df=1155, SEM=.008, sig=.553). 114Note: the barangay sample differs from that of the EOG evaluation, and thus serves as a general comparison.
Source: WV THR. PDM Report: Unconditional Cash Transfer. 23 January 2014. 115 The CSI is formulated by assigning weights to the frequency of the various coping behaviours based on the
intensity and potential impact of the action on the household. For instance, skipping days without meals is
given a higher weight than resorting to less expensive or less preferred foods. Source: Maxwell, D., & Caldwell,
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from 56.5 to 62.9 across the zones.116 The East Leyte CSI score (62.9) is significantly higher than all
other zones, which is consistent with the finding above that household members are also eating
fewer meals and indicating higher vulnerability around food security; this is consistent with other
findings such as their limited ability to meet important monthly expenses, but poses an interesting
juxtaposition around their high reports of preparedness against a future disaster (Table 14).117 118
Table 14: Copies strategies index (CSI) score, by zone
Zone Mean Median Std. Deviation Range n (unweighted)
East Leyte 62.9abc 62.1 15.0 34.6-110.5 361
West Leyte 58.2a 55.1 14.0 34.6-112.1 338
North Cebu 56.7b 55.8 14.9 34.6-102.1 337
Panay 56.5c 52.9 14.5 34.6-112.2 346
World Vision zones 58.0 55.8 14.7 34.6-112.2 1382
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted. a-c The mean difference is significant at the p=<0.05 level.
While there is not a relief baseline CSI score from which to compare an improvement in coping
strategies (i.e., a lower score), children’s descriptions of the ways their families coped with food
scarcity after the typhoon hit were similar to the coping strategies comprising the CSI. Table 15
shows how children’s recall aligns with various indicators used in the CSI and suggests some
similarity in coping strategies employed in the aftermath of the typhoon with those employed at the
time of EOG evaluation. Despite the CSI involving negative strategies, a somewhat positive finding is
that the coping strategies that continue often or daily at EOG are less severe in their immediate or
detrimental effect on children than skipping entire days without eating, for instance, compared to:
relying on less expensive or preferred foods, using casual labour for food as payment and limiting
portion sizes.
Table 15: Coping strategies recalled by children and current CSI indicator used often/daily
Children’s recall of coping with food
scarcity in typhoon aftermath (similar) CSI indicator
% of HH to use
often/ daily1
Some searched far and foraged for wild
food
Gather unusual types/amounts of wild food
or hunt N/A
Harvest immature crops/consume seeds 6%
Some ate damaged/rotten food, some
bought food from other villages
Rely on less expensive or less preferred
foods 35%
Families and children shared food and
relied on neighbours, friends for food
Borrow food or rely on help from a friend or
relative 3%
Families and children traded labour for
food or money
Rely on casual labour for food as payment
26%
Many skipped meals Reduce number of meals per day 9%
R. 2008. The coping Strategies Index Field Methods Manual. Second Editon. CARE with Feinstein International
Center, TANGO International, WFP and USAID. 116 The indices that were not applicable for some HH (e.g., reduce consumption by adults so children can eat
more, if HH report no child members) were included in the index as “never” responses. This analysis
compared to that of recoding N/A responses as zero varies slightly in final values but trends are similar. 117 A higher CSI score indicates more household food insecurity. As a CSI score alone does not mean much, it
should be interpreted within an analysis of trends. This EOG evaluation score is comparable to that of the
recent THR rehabilitation phase baseline (conducted in March 2014) with CSI of 61.8 (range across zones:
57.6-73.9), but there are zonal differences (see next footnote). 118 East Leyte CSI score in March 2014 was 57.6, the lowest across the rehabilitation phase baseline zones, but also a
time when many NGOs were still providing relief. It is notable that East Leyte at EOG evaluation now scores the
highest CSI, which may be explained by coping employed to face more recent disasters, including Typhoon Hagupit.
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Table 15: Coping strategies recalled by children and current CSI indicator used often/daily
Children’s recall of coping with food
scarcity in typhoon aftermath (similar) CSI indicator
% of HH to use
often/ daily1
Limit portion size 17%
Restrict consumption by adults so children
can eat more 8%
Skip entire days without food N/A
Families ate the commercial supply of
other family member’s shops
Send household members to eat elsewhere N/A
[While the children do not recall
borrowing in the aftermath, they
mentioned debt as a current problem,
see livelihoods section.]
Purchase food on credit, take a loan or
borrow money to purchase food 8%
1 Often is defined as three or more times per week (n=1386).
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative, and line items with zone total <30 omitted.
Households were asked what, if any, coping strategies they had employed specifically to access food
during the last 30 days prior to the survey. As shown in Figure 36, over one-half (59%) of
households reduced their expenditures on health care in order to purchase food. Forty-four percent
reduced their education expenditures and one-third spent less on inputs in order to purchase food
instead. Very few households stopped sending their children to school (i.e., so they could work
instead), had a family member migrate or sent a child/children to live with another family member or
relative. That is, households tended to employ coping behaviours that prioritised household income
for consumptive needs over other longer-term investments related to household well-being.
Figure 36: Food security coping behaviours in last 30 days (n=1382)
Note: See sections below on education and health (and livelihoods in Outcome 2) for more figures
showing the results of these coping behaviours by zone.
In all, the motivation and determination of households to face and recover from shocks is a positive
finding, and clearly WV assistance, supported by the grant programmes, has contributed to the
recovery and resilience capacity of target households. While household members are not often
skipping meals or days without eating, or eating rotten foods, their food security situation is
tenuous—particularly for East Leyte—household members are restricting their food choices and
portion sizes and the fragility of meeting their food needs depends on work trade, debt, and
reducing investments in their longer term well-being.
Adaptive and transformative capacity: In addition, the grant programmes as part of the larger
THR have laid the foundation for building adaptive and transformative capacity of households and
communities. The livelihoods activities of the recovery phase contribute to adaptive capacity by
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strengthening the ability of households and communities to make active and informed choices to
diversify their livelihood strategies based on a changing risk context. The collaboration with
government partners and other humanitarian actors to create system-level changes and supports for
affected communities enables transformative capacity.
Community validation of resilience: Participants explain that they feel prepared to face another
major disaster because they have increased awareness of how to mitigate the impact, namely
through WV’s BBB trainings. Yet, participants also voiced the challenge of putting that preparedness
knowledge into practice due to constraints with fully repairing and strengthening their houses, and in
East Leyte there are concerns of not being able to access a safe evacuation centre.
East and West Leyte households confirmed the main sources of food and agreed on the coping
behaviours of eating less preferred foods, smaller portions and fewer meals, as well as reducing
expenditures on other important investments to buy food. East Leyte households explain the
difficulty of providing for their food needs because of limited livelihood opportunities and low
income. According to participants they are suffering from financial crisis, and some families eat just
twice a day and have planted root crops to compensate for lack of rice. A West Leyte participant
explained:
“We in our family only eat two times a day because my income as a casual labourer is too small. How much
is one hundred pesos in a day? We still have to save money so we could pay for a carpenter to repair our
house.” ~ adult
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Conclusions
The report concludes with discussion of the overall contribution of the grant programmes to the
current status of affected populations, and with conclusions from the community validation process.
Overall, despite the challenges, this evaluation concludes the grant programmes were relevant,
timely, efficient and effective as significant components of the larger WV Response. The grant
programmes were designed to clearly align with the policies and strategies of WV and external
stakeholders and to the priority needs of affected communities. Targeting was based on analysis of
the context and humanitarian need, which was largely recognised by partners and beneficiaries as
good practice. Most activities were delivered on time, as reported by beneficiaries, and resources
were largely utilised and organised effectively, as reported by WV staff. Some delays and
inefficiencies were due to procurement and logistics issues, and mitigation measures were taken by
WV; though delays with shelter repair assistance may have impacted the effectiveness of those
activities for some households.
The grant programmes directly contributed to achievements of Outcomes 1 and 4, while
contributing to Outcome 2 by stabilising the emergency needs. The impacts of the livelihoods
activities are still to be seen. Evaluation findings show that living conditions have improved, ultimately
impacting the ability of children to learn, preventing illness and safety issues and enabling health for
families and communities. The limited livelihoods activities that took place, in tandem with the other
response activities, likely prevented families from further food insecurity and negative coping
strategies that would hinder their future livelihoods, which indirectly supports Outcome 2 and the
eventual restoration of household livelihoods and assets. In addition, HA was foundational for the
activities, as WV worked hard to ensure that the needs and voices of beneficiary families and
communities were heard and responded to.
Finally, resilience capacity has been strengthened in target households and communities, evident by
their motivation and determination to prepare for and recover from future shocks. The gains in food
security, shelter, education and health must be protected through longer-term livelihood strategies,
and DRR activities that continue to reinforce shelters and work with communities for early warning
and preparedness plans.
Recommendations: guiding questions
The following list is comprised of suggestions from the community validation process that echoed
issues that arose through the evaluation findings. Each issue is combined with a key question for
consideration for future responses.
Relevance: Community validation participants suggested that targeting, particularly for livelihoods
supports, is extended to households with partially damaged shelters. This issue was also raised by
WV staff (see relevance section).
While WV’s beneficiary selection criteria process was commendable, are there refinements to the geographic
and strategic positioning issues that could be addressed before the next Response?
Timeliness and efficiency: Community validation participants suggested that Response offices are
pre-established where the typhoon is expected to hit and that goods are also pre-positioned, with
some relief items even distributed just prior to the landfall of the storm. WV staff and programme
documents provided similar suggestions, as discussed in the timeliness and efficiency sections.
How will WV build upon the learning from THR to further prepare, pre-position and make adjustments to
P&C processes, procurement and logistics prior to the next Response?
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Effectiveness: For livelihoods, community validation participants suggested alternative livelihoods
and business management projects, along with more careful consideration of matching skills and
interests of communities with livelihoods trainings and consideration of the quality/type of inputs
provided. They also suggested providing cash for shelter materials to avoid hauling costs and to
allow communities to buy locally-desired materials. These issues with the timing, quality and quantity
of shelter and livelihoods inputs impacting the effectiveness of these activities were raised in the
effectiveness section.
How will WV further connect shelter and livelihoods needs in the future, particularly to enable livelihoods
supports earlier in the Response and to a larger degree?
For HA, community validation participants voiced appreciation for the opportunity to share their
ideas and concerns with WV. A concern was raised regarding the ability of communities to be the
“eyes and ears” of WV activities without adequate information about the activities and preparation
for such monitoring. While WV was truly a leader in the integration of HA in the THR, similar issues
were discussed under Outcome 4, indicating that HA mechanisms could be further tailored to the
preferences of beneficiaries (e.g., methods for giving comments versus complaints) and differences in
satisfaction across zones should be explored—particularly for West Leyte. WV staff also raised
areas of improvement including community involvement in the design phase and more information
provision on activities. The programme documentation reporting the output and outcome indicators
for HA may not be adequately portraying the full achievements of this sector.
How can WV promote community ownership and utilisation of HA mechanisms, and how can mechanisms
be tailored to the type of feedback, activity, context, even zone? If HA continues to be elevated to a stand-
alone Response outcome, how can the reporting of output and outcome level indicators improve to show the
level of community involvement and empowerment and the number of complaints addressed by WV?
Resilience: Finally, community validation participants raised the issue of not being able to be fully
prepared for the next disaster due to incomplete shelter repairs along with the inability to comply
with BBB guidelines due to household income and livelihoods issues. These suggestions echo
household survey findings (also see Table 22) with recommendations for further integration of
activities and follow-up assistance/maintenance with shelter, livelihoods and other community assets
projects.
Related to the above question on livelihoods/shelter, how will WV further integrate shelter and livelihoods
issues (i.e., relief and recovery activities) to strengthening absorptive capacity? Can WV provide supplemental
support to households facing barriers to building back better and to implementing their learning from the
BBB workshop?
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Annex A: Acronyms and abbreviations
ADH Aktion Deutschland Hilft, Germany
ADP area development programme
CFS Child-Friendly Space
CFW/A cash for work/assets
CiE Children in emergencies
CSI Coping Strategies Index
DFATD Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development, Canada
DME design, monitoring & evaluation
DRR disaster risk reduction
DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development
FGD focus group discussion
HA Humanitarian Accountability
HAO Humanitarian Accountability Officer
HEA Humanitarian Emergency Affairs
HH household
HHH head of household
LGU local government unit
NFI non-food items
NGO non-governmental organisation
NO national office
PDM post-distribution monitoring
PPS probability proportional to size
RTE real-time evaluation
SHO Samenwerkende Hulporganisaties, the Netherlands
THR Typhoon Haiyan Response
TLS Temporary Learning Space
UN OCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
USD United States dollar
WASH water, sanitation and hygiene sector
WAYCS Women and Young Child Space
WFP World Food Programme
WV(I) World Vision (International)
WVDF World Vision Development Foundation (Philippines)
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Annex B: Methodology
Training and fieldwork
The EOG evaluation training took place the week before data collection (3-7 February), from 27-30
January 2015 in Tacloban City (East Leyte). Teams to cover each of the four survey zones were
comprised of:
HH survey teams were comprised of 10 members and one team leader
FGD teams were comprised of four team members and one team leader
CL survey conducted by DME Officers assigned as survey team leaders for each zone
HH survey teams learned the sampling technique and interviewing protocols, including how to probe
for better accuracy, how to verify data, and how to carry out questionnaires using smart phones.
FGD teams learned techniques such as facilitation, the use of different roles (e.g., note taker and
observer) and the process of analysis. During the four-day training, all teams carried out field tests
and made necessary adjustments to ensure data collection tools and team member skills were ready
for quantitative and qualitative survey implementation. The CL tool orientation was integrated with
the HH survey training in which enumerators were also oriented to the CL tool. During the
fieldwork, the CL survey was carried out by DME Officers, who also acted as team leaders assigned
in each zone.
Tools
The three survey tools for interviewing children, families and community members were translated into
four languages (Bisaya, Waray, Akeanon and Hiligaynon) to collect primary data from key populations:
adults/families, community leaders and children, respectively. The tools were designed to support and
complement each other for effective triangulation of findings.
HH questionnaire: The tool comprised approximately 80 questions119 and took about 30-45
minutes to complete. The survey sought to understand the current status of households related
to the Response sectors and their satisfaction with WV assistance related to the evaluation
criteria of relevance, timeliness, efficiency and effectiveness. The main sections of the tool were
the following (see Annex E for the full survey tool):
demographics
HH food security/consumption
coping strategies
HH economics
WASH
disaster risk reduction
accountability: information, complaints,
feedback, beneficiary selection
project participation and benefits/utility
project timeliness
FGD guidelines for children: The FGD tool was designed to complement the household and
community leader surveys with children’s perspectives for triangulation of findings on post-
disaster and present “problems, impacts and solutions”. The FGD guidelines for children aimed
to explore their priority problems and needs in the days and weeks immediately following the
typhoon (based on recall), the initiatives conducted by different entities to address problems,
including by themselves and their families, and the initiatives the children found most useful. The
FGD also explored the current (EOG) most pressing issues for children and their effects, and
ideas to improve or address such issues.
119 Note: The total number of questions varied by HH as some questions were asked multiple times (e.g.,
benefiting from multiple project types, describing the benefits of each) and some questions were skipped based
on previous responses.
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CL survey: The tool comprised 12 closed-ended questions (including effectiveness ratings on a
five-point scale: very effective; somewhat effective; effective in some areas/not effective in
others; somewhat ineffective or very ineffective) related to their experience of how WV
activities were carried out in their communities. The main themes of the interview were
communications, planning and implementation process, functionality of the assets built/restored
(including enumerator direct observation of the asset) (see Annex F for the CL survey tool).
Additionally, data from the key informant interviews conducted with WV staff in April/May 2014
for the RTE were used as a key secondary data source.120 The KII with senior level management
were conducted in-person and over Skype by the RTE team. The KII aimed to provide understanding
on how efficiently (e.g., categories of: working, not working, challenges and recommendation) the
Response was managed, covering the following range of topics:
Relationship between NO and Response
EMS Structure
Preparedness
Staffing
Programming
External Relations
Advocacy
Sampling and participation
HH survey sampling: The sampling methodology utilised by World Vision included one main level
of stratification and a two-step process. First, the World Vision grant operational areas were divided
into four geographical zones, or strata— East Leyte, West Leyte, North Cebu, and Panay—reflecting
the distinct geographic areas where the Response programme operated. The rehabilitation
programme baseline survey (June 2014) showed that stratification by region captures significant
variation, particularly compared to East Leyte, since these zones were affected by the typhoon to
varying degrees. The design is based on sampling an equal number of clusters (i.e., 10 barangays) and
households (i.e., 35 per barangay) across the four zones (cluster design: 40x35). The clusters were
selected using probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling based on the number of households in
each cluster and total strata. To identify the specific respondents within the selected clusters, a
random walk exercise was implemented in each selected cluster.
Sample size calculations were based on ensuring the ability to compare proportion variables
between the four zones. The formula [n = deff [(Za + Zb)2 * (P1 (1 – P1) + P2 (1 – P2) )/(P2 – P1)2]
was used to calculate the sample size for household interviews in each strata. However, without a
baseline value for the relief efforts from which to detect change for an indicator, the estimate was
instead based on the percentage of the population heavily affected (e.g., percentage of the population
homeless from the typhoon as a proxy) (P1=0.21)121 and the percentage of population reached by
Typhoon Haiyan in the relief phase (P2=0.08).122 The “standard” values for a 95 percent confidence
level and 95 percent power were used (Za and Zb =1.645), and a design effect (deff) of 2.2.123 The
calculated sample size for the evaluation was 332 households per strata. For reasons of logistical
ease and to provide a cushion for non-Response of five percent, the strata sample was increased to
350 households per zone for a total estimated sample size of 1400. The final n=1,386 represents a
99% Response rate. Table 1contains the actual number of interviews completed in each stratum.
120 WV THR/WVI. Real-Time Evaluation of World Vision’s Response to Typhoon Haiyan. May 2014. 121 Total homes destroyed (average HH size of five) out of total affected population. Source: OCHA. Nov.
2013. http://www.unocha.org/top-stories/all-stories/philippines-concern-growing-people-cut-super-typhoon-
haiyan 122 WV beneficiaries reached out of total estimated Visayas population. Source: WV THR. 12-Month Report.
November 2014. 123 Magnani, R. 1999. FANTA III Project Sampling Guide. USAID. December, Washington, D.C.
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FGD sampling: Villages for FGDs were selected from the sampling frame developed for the
household survey. Villages were purposively selected from among those where projects were
implemented from the relief phase to the current recovery phase of the Response, which spans a
period of one year. One of the criteria was geographic location (i.e., upland, coastal). Two barangays
were selected in each zone wherein two separate FGDs were conducted- one each for girls and
boys. The target number of participants for each FGD was 15 children with ages ranging from 12 to
17 years. Participants were to be randomly selected by doing a village walk wherein a ballpoint pen is
tossed in a random point in the barangay and then whichever way the pen points to, that is where
the households with children will be selected. This was, however, not followed in some of the
barangays as explained in the section below on limitations.
CL survey sampling: Community leaders (one leader per each village) were identified in each
village or barangay where the HH survey was implemented. Given the Philippine context, most of
the village leaders were male, however, the tool did not capture the respondent gender.
KII sampling: KIIs were collected from 13 senior management staff (three from national office
(NO), two from the global rapid Response team (GRRT), three global centre (GC) and five from
regional office (RO) of the 19 senior management staff targeted for KII.124
As part of the RTE,125 two online staff surveys were conducted in April 2014 separately with Haiyan
local staff and across various levels of WV.126 For the latter, 39 people across WV responded to the
survey. (Support Office (SO): seven, National Office (NO): eight, Regional Office (RO): eleven,
Global Centre (GC): three, Global Rapid Response Team (GRRT) nine. It should be noted that there
may be overlap among staff who participated in both the KII and the SurveyMonkey® survey. While
these data were used to develop the RTE report, they are also integrated in this report and
compared against the KII with senior staff; the rationale was to maximise the primary data from staff
previously collected, especially around the topics of efficiency and effectiveness, in order to save on
costs as well as staff time who were responding to the most recent typhoon of December 2014.
Participation: A total of 1,386 respondents participated in the HH survey, 40 CL participated in
the survey, and 231 child participants engaged in 16 FGDs, which included a nearly even split of girls
(49%) and boys (51%). Table 1 provides a breakdown of participation by tool and by zone.
Table 16: EOG evaluation community participation, by tool and zone
Zone # HH surveyed
# CL
participants1
# FGD
participants girls boys
East Leyte 361 10 26 29
West Leyte 338 10 27 32
North Cebu 341 10 30 31
Panay 346 10 30 26
subtotals 1386 40 113 118
Total EOG survey participants 1386 40 231 1 CL tool did not capture gender of respondent, it is assumed most/all were male.
Table 17 on the next page provides a detailed version of HH survey participants disaggregated by
province and barangay.
124 The NO notes that difficult timing, more than self-selection bias, affected the WV management participation. 125 WV THR/WVI. Real-Time Evaluation of World Vision’s Response to Typhoon Haiyan. May 2014. 126 The online survey data with local staff (n=78) are not used in this report.
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Table 17: Survey sampling, disaggregated by barangay and grant
Zone Municipality1 Barangay # HH Grant Relief & recovery sectors
East Leyte
(n=361)
Tacloban (n=53) Palanog 23 DFATD1 Relief: Shelter kit, WASH
(hygiene kit), NFI, protection
(solar lamps), education (CFS,
transitioned to temporary
learning spaces, TLS), health
(WAYCS), CFW
Recovery: Shelter (A&B),
WASH, livelihoods, CFW
(community infrastructure)
Sto Nino 30 DFATD1
Alang-alang
(n=36)
San Antonio 36 ADH, DFATD1
Dagami (n=61) Hitumnog 33 ADH
Sawahon 28
Dulag (n=128) Calipayan 43 ADH
Salvacion 42
San Jose 43
Tabontabon
(n=83)
Mercaduhay 38 DFATD1
San Pablo 45 SHO
West
Leyte
(n=338)
Albuera (n=35) Damulaan 35 SHO Relief: Shelter kit, WASH
(hygiene kit), NFI
Recovery: Shelter (A&B) and
toolkits in SHO locations,
WASH latrines/hygiene
promotion and systems,
livelihoods, CFW (community
infrastructure)
Matag-ob (n=54) Riverside 19 DFATD2
Masaba 35
Merida (n=83) Libjo Orm 33 DFATD2
Lamanoc 50
Ormoc (n=100) Camp Downes 34 SHO
Donghol 32 SHO
Patag 34 SHO
Villaba (n=66) Balite 29 DFATD2
Suba 37
North
Cebu
(n=341)
Bogo (n=68) Santa Rosario 32 DFATD1 Relief: Shelter kit, WASH
(hygiene kit), NFI, protection
(solar lamps), education (CFS/
TLS), health (WAYCS)
Recovery: Note: this office
phased out in March with
shelter toolkit distributions
(SHO) to May, transition
completed Aug. 2014
Taytayan 36 DFATD1
Medellin (n=75) Caputatan North 36 DFATD1, SHO
Gibitngil 39 DFATD1, SHO
Sogod (n=36) Pansoy 36 DFATD1
Tabogon
(n=162)
Camoboan 35 DFATD1
Libjo Ceb 33 DFATD1
Loong 22 DFATD1, SHO
Manlagtang 37 DFATD1
Sambag 35 DFATD1
Panay
(n=346)
Bingawan
(n=35)
Poblacion 35 DFATD1, SHO Relief: Shelter kit, WASH
(hygiene kit), NFI, protection
(solar lamps), education (CFS/
TLS), health (WAYCS)
Recovery: Note: this office
phased out in March 2014 (SHO
shelter toolkits as the recovery
activity), and the transition
process is ongoing with NO
ADP and LGU
Maayon (n=34) Cabungahan 34 DFATD1
Pilar (n=35) Sinamongan 35 DFATD1, SHO
Estancia (n=105) Botongon 35 DFATD1
Gogo 35 DFATD1
Pa-on 35 DFATD1, SHO
Batan (Aklan)
(n=137)
Camaligan 33 DFATD1, SHO
Camanci 36 DFATD1
Magpagong 36 DFATD1
Mambuquiao 32 DFATD1, SHO
Total # EOG evaluation survey participants 1386 1 Light blue shading in municipality column indicates a municipality also surveyed for the Rapid Assessment of November 2013,
though barangays may differ from EOG evaluation. This difference in sampling should be considered when rapid assessment
results are reported in the narrative of this evaluation.
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Analysis
Mixed methods approach: This report comprises triangulation of data from primary and
secondary sources. The primary data are from three quantitative and qualitative sources that
provide information from various beneficiary perspectives; the secondary data are drawn from KII
and surveys with WV staff and key programme documents:
1. HH survey (adults)– quantitative, designed for statistically representative data at the
household level
2. FGD (children) – qualitative exercises and discussion
3. CL survey (adults) – qualitative survey
4. KII and SurveyMonkey® (WV staff) – qualitative surveys (April/May 2014)
5. Desk review – 35 programme documents
6. Community validation feedback (described below)
Household survey teams collected questionnaire data on smart phones using Open Data Kit
(ODK).127 The data were uploaded to the WV server on a daily basis and cleaned by team leaders
(DME Officers) assigned to each zone. Upon completion of daily fieldwork, the FGD teams analysed
and consolidated the key FGD points, and the analysis results were submitted to the qualitative data
supervisors for review and feedback before subsequent FGDs. An emerging themes workshop was
then held 10-14 February in Tacloban City for the FGD team leaders, DME officers and qualitative
data supervisors to conduct analysis and provide outputs for the report.128 The CL survey findings
were compiled by Pat Ryan Gaid of WV Philippines. TANGO International compiled the HH survey
findings, along with the findings identified by World Vision in the CL, KII and FGD processes, to
produce this report.
The desk review consisted of 35 secondary data sources provided by WVDF. The documents
included: Response programme reports; monitoring and assessment reports; grant proposals,
budgets and quarterly reports; programme logframe and strategy documents. See Annex H for a
bibliography of the desk review documents.
Data analysis: Household survey data were analysed by consultants from TANGO International.
The HH survey results presented in this report are primarily descriptive in nature. In some instances
significance tests were conducted to test the difference in point estimates between each zone. The
analysis of the survey data was conducted using SPSS version 20.0. The original and final data, along
with the associated syntax is provided for transparency purposes.
Point estimates for output which contains fewer than 30 observations are not reported. In place of
the point estimate in the tables the reader will find “N/A” (Not Available). For analysis, cases are
weighted to account for the differing population sizes in each of the four World Vision zones.
Therefore the reader should note that taking the “average” of the zone point estimates will not equal
the point estimate reported for the total sample. Unless otherwise noted, the data are presented as
whole numbers for proportions and to one decimal place for averages (means) and scores. Data for
currency values are reported to two decimal places. All data tables developed from the analysis in
addition to those in the main report may be found in Annex C.
A strategy of triangulation was used by examining the agreement or disagreement of findings across
the various data sources and from different perspectives, adding a deeper level of understanding to
the results.
Community validation: The report includes feedback from the community validation process that
took place in April 2015, which adds another layer of depth for interpreting the data and for
127 An android app called Field Task functioned with ODK and was developed by SMAP (www.smap.com.au). 128 For the full report, see: WV THR EOG evaluation qualitative report. March 2015 (compiled by Rachel
Bernu, Consultant; Dexter Mancao, DME Coordinator World Vision).
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discussing the contribution of the grant programmes towards the recovery of the target
communities. A total of 103 women, 73 men, 72 girls and 46 boys across the four regions took part
in the validation of key evaluation findings. See Annex D for the full results of the community
validation process.
Weighting charts
Coping strategies weighted score129
Freq. Limit
portion
Reduce
meals Skip days
Borrow
food
Less exp/
pref
Purchase on
credit
Wild
food
Eat
seeds
Send to
eat
Send to
beg
Adults
eat less
Labour for
food
1 2.3 2.9 3.7 2.3 3 2.3 3.1 3.1 3 3.5 3.1 2.3
2 4.6 5.8 7.4 4.6 6 4.6 6.2 6.2 6 7 6.2 4.6
3 6.9 8.7 11.1 6.9 9 6.9 9.3 9.3 9 10.5 9.3 6.9
4 9.2 11.6 14.8 9.2 12 9.2 12.4 12.4 12 14 12.4 9.2
5 11.5 14.5 18.5 11.5 15 11.5 15.5 15.5 15 17.5 15.5 11.5
Formula for household survey population adjustment weights
Household Survey Weight (Normalised HH Weight used in data analysis):
General limitations
While not a reflection of data quality, it should be noted that the presented HH survey data are
representative of WV programming areas only, not the entire population of listed barangays,
provinces and zones.
Limit to quantifying effectiveness: The main design limitation was no baseline data for the relief
phase with which to compare the evaluation findings. This is not a major limitation for the evaluation
criteria of relevance, efficiency, and timeliness, but for the effectiveness criteria, this is a significant
limitation. As a result, the HH survey evaluation findings are compared to other types of data
wherever possible in order to further understand the effectiveness of the grant Response
interventions.
In addition, several sectors (e.g., health, education) discussed in the effectiveness section do not
include EOG evaluation quantitative findings, and only brief findings from other primary data sources;
thus, the discussion on effectiveness is limited to secondary data (e.g., project reports) and feedback
from the community validation process.
Limit to attributing impact to grants: Another limitation of the design is that the HH results
cannot be attributed directly to the grant programmes or specific donors. The causal link between
the interventions and the impact is not clearly established without an experimental or comparative
case study design that would include a counterfactual with which to compare the results of
beneficiaries. In the post-disaster context such a type of study design (and the ability to isolate a
causal link) is not realistic. Thus, methodological rigor in this case aims to use the triangulation of
data from multiple sources and time points to provide a glimpse of the larger systems, interactions
129 WVI. Coping Strategies Questionnaire. Humanitarian and Emergency Affairs. 2008.
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and causal mechanisms that contribute to change, with the inferences to be made about the role of
the intervention as part of that larger dynamic.130
Timing: The THR grant projects were short term in nature (typically up to six months in duration)
and many projects were completed up to nine or ten months before the survey. In an effort to
gather useful data, recall data from children and adults were collected yet adds the possibility of
inaccurate recall. Triangulation with major trends or themes from other data sources has been
necessary to mitigate and further explain the HH data.
Also related to timing, the livelihoods interventions were delayed and implementation started just at
the end of 2014 with activities ongoing at the time of the survey (see II. Timeliness section for this
discussion). Thus, the benefits to household income and livelihoods may not have been fully realised
at the time of the survey, which has implications for the findings on the impacts of livelihood
projects.
FGD venue and time constraints: Limitations from the FGD data collection related to venue
and time constraints. In one barangay, the open venue for the FGD meant that outside noise
sometimes drowned out participants’ voices, and if they were too timid to repeat themselves, some
of the information could not be fully captured, which is an important learning to consider for future
discussions. Secondly, due to time constraints the school principals selected the girl FGD
participants in North Cebu and the boy participants in West Leyte; thus the sample was not
randomised in those two locations.
130 Ebrahim, A. and V.K. Rangan. 2010. The Limits of Nonprofit Impact: A Contingency Framework for
Measuring Social Performance, Working Paper 10-099. Harvard Business School, Cambridge.
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Annex C: Supplemental tables and figures
Annex tables
Table 18: Percent of HHs reporting assistance from WV THR, by zone
Did you or any member of your
household benefit from World Vision
project since Haiyan? (% HH,
weighted)
World Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
No 6.9 N/A N/A 15.7 N/A
Yes 91.8 91.3 92.7 82.5 97.9
DK N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
n (unweighted) 1382 361 338 337 346
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted. N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative.
Table 19: HH perception of most useful activities, by zone
Which was the most useful
activity? (% HH, weighted)
World
Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
Food distribution 55.9 28.9 57.2 44.3 74.0
NFI distribution (solar lamp,
blankets, mosquito nets, cleaning/
kitchen kits)
30.7 20.5 N/A 49.3 42.1
Shelter materials (Type A) 27.5 44.2 42.8 16.2 16.7
Distribution of hygiene kits 16.6 N/A 21.6 19.9 15.8
Shelter construction (Type B) 13.1 10.2 30.7 N/A N/A
Shelter (emergency kits & toolkits) 10.8 9.6 N/A 25.7 N/A
CFW / UCT 8.5 N/A 13.7 N/A 10.8
Latrine distribution (Type A) 8.1 N/A 13.7 N/A N/A
Animal dispersal (pigs, chickens, etc.) 6.5 N/A 14.4 N/A N/A
Latrine construction (type B) 3.9 N/A N/A N/A N/A
n (unweighted) 1286 342 306 296 342
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative, and line items with zone total <30 omitted.
Table 20: Perceived benefits of reported projects, by zone
Perceived benefits as reported by
benefitting HHs (n=1386)1(% of
reported activities, weighted)
World Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
Met food needs of family 25.8 21.7 26.2 22.7 28.4
Saved money 14.3 11.8 20.1 10.1 13.6
Improved HH hygiene 11.1 8.1 12.5 13.4 10.1
Repaired/obtained shelter 9.9 21.8 11.4 8.1 6.1
Increased security/personal safety 9.7 5.5 N/A 20.7 10.1
Earned cash income (CFW) 3.9 6.8 3.9 N/A 4.8
Prevented water/vector-borne disease 3.7 N/A N/A N/A 5.2
Strengthened health to prevent illness 3.5 3.9 6.7 N/A N/A
Promoted child protection and well-being 3.4 N/A N/A 5.7 4.3
Repaired/obtained latrines 3.2 4.4 4.7 N/A N/A
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Discouraged migration of HH members to
look for work 2.1 N/A N/A 5.0 N/A
Increased capacity to gain additional/
sustainable income 1.7 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Facilitated/helped HH members cope with
trauma / anguish / distress 1.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Provided privacy 1.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Gained/increased knowledge and improved
skills 1.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Obtained learning materials/supplies for
students 1.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted. 1 This n represents the number of households but the total number of multiple responses was 3745.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative.
Table 21: Level of satisfaction with benefit of reported projects, by zone
Average satisfaction with benefits
across reported activities (n=1386)1(%
of reported activities, weighted)
World Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
Not satisfied N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Somewhat satisfied 8.9 14.0 12.4 5.0 7.5
Satisfied 89.7 82.6 87.1 93.8 91.1
DK N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted. 1 This n represents the number of households but the total number of multiple responses was 2932.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative.
Table 22: “Other” responses for improvement of benefits and frequency
What could have been done better for this project/activities to be beneficial for you?
“Other” responses (translated by WVDF DME):
Frequency
Assistance should have been provided earlier 2
Better quality and more quantity of feeds; include medicines and vitamins for pigs 3
CFW projects should have focused on building construction, such as Day Care Centre
construction. The surroundings were clean but in succeeding weeks, it just became dirty again.
1
CGI sheets should have been given 2
Community facilities should have been the focus for CFW 1
Decision should have been consistent 1
Implement other intervention (shelter, livelihood, WASH, food) 38
Improve selection process of beneficiaries 5
Increase quantity of rice 1
Install roofing to constructed hand pump as has been promised during the seminar 1
Intervention given should be appropriate 1
It would be good if a nearby water source would be installed to houses who received latrine
kits, because the tendency is that they did not use the CR because water source is far
1
Job opportunities for those who finished trainings 1
Lacking tools (wire, grinder, etc.) 1
Monitor status of livestock provided 1
Only water metre is lacking, so house-to-house connections will be made 1
Outputs of the CFW projects were not maintained, such as clearing of roads 1
Payout/cash entitlement should be done immediately (because we tend to be at debt before we
receive the cash/ It took long before payout, but it's ok now)
2
Provide cash assistance to pay for labour (shelter repair) 16
Provide food 6
Provide more vitamins in schools 1
Provide quality livestock (esp. chickens & ducks) 4
Provide quality rice 1
75 | P a g e
Support provided already enough so that people will not be dependent on aid 1
Tool kit was not enough. It would have been good if there was hair clipper/razor 1
We were informed that the wage was 400/day, yet only 260/day was given 1
Table 23: Beneficiaries of grant projects, by project type
Perception of (select) beneficiary
types for reported activities (of
grants only)1 (% of reported
activities, weighted) Everyone Poor HH
Shelter
damage
HH
HH w/
elderly
Larger
HH
Shelter (n=560) 25.4 34.3 50.8 19.2 8.5
WASH (n=524) 58.9 22.4 15.8 8.4 6.4
Education (n=33) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
CFW (n=189) 30.7 55.4 26.5 N/A N/A
NFI (n=570) 74.5 18.9 10.8 7.3 N/A
Livelihoods (n=163) 21.0 49.8 26.4 13.4 N/A
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative. 1 This table excludes food distribution projects because this is not part of the four grant programmes.
Table 24: Level of satisfaction with beneficiary selection of reported projects, by zone
Average satisfaction levels of the way
people and families were selected for
this activity across reported activities
(n=1386)(% of reported activities,
weighted)
World Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
Not satisfied N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Somewhat satisfied 4.2 5.0 6.5 N/A N/A
Satisfied 94.2 91.6 92.5 96.0 94.9
DK N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Reasons for dissatisfaction (n=155): (%)
Deserving people were left out 36.5
Undeserving people included 26.7
Favouritism in the selection 18.8
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative.
Table 25: Full satisfaction with beneficiary selection of grant projects, by zone
Average of HHs reporting full
satisfaction with beneficiary selection
of reported activities (of grants only)1
(% of reported activities, weighted)
World Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
Shelter (n=560) 91.4 89.3 87.0 95.1 93.1
WASH (n=524) 95.7 97.1 93.5 97.2 96.5
Education (n=33) 87.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A
CFW (n=189) 84.8 81.4 82.4 N/A 87.4
NFI (n=570) 96.3 96.5 N/A 96.3 95.8
Livelihoods (n=163) 89.2 77.8 91.8 N/A 91.0
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative. 1 This table excludes food distribution projects because this is not part of the four grant programmes.
Table 26: Reports of favours requested to be included in projects
76 | P a g e
Are you aware of any people who
were asked to give favours to be
included in the project? n (unweighted) % HH
No 1343 97.2
Yes 39 2.8
Project favours requested
Part of the benefits received 12 N/A
Money 2 N/A
Labour 10 N/A
DK 15 N/A
Total 39 100.0
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative.
Table 27: Timeliness of reported projects, by zone
In your opinion, were these activities
carried out on time? (n=1386) (% HH,
weighted)
World Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
No 1.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Yes 97.9 96.6 96.2 97.9 99.1
DK N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Impacts when not carried out on time (n=47 projects)1:
Hunger 12 reports
HH lack of income/increased debt 11 reports
Community/HH assets not restored 10 reports
Loss trust in WV/willingness to participate 8 reports
Created conflict/compromised safety 8 reports
Compromised health/too weak 6 reports
Other: (e.g.,) crops failed; housing materials already sold; emergency tarp as roof not functioning; cash and
other distributions late- some due to weather conditions, etc. Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative. 1 The impact responses have been collapsed into general categories by TANGO. Percentage estimates are not provided for
the total or zones due to small Response size (n=<30).
Table 28: Average number of meals eaten by adults and children reported by HH, by zone
Mean number of meals (weighted):
World Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay Adults*
What was the number of meals eaten by
adult household members yesterday? 2.9 2.8ab 3.0a 3.0b 2.9
n (unweighted) 1381 361 338 336 346
What was the number of meals normally
eaten per day by adults in your household
over the last 30 days?
2.9
2.8 3.0 3.0 2.9
n (unweighted) 1371 360 336 336 339
Children*
What was the number of meals eaten by
child household members yesterday? 3.0 2.8abc 3.1a 3.1b 3.0c
n (unweighted) 1166 315 251 303 397
77 | P a g e
What was the number of meals normally
eaten per day by children in your
household over the last 30 days?
3.0 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.0
n (unweighted) 1163 315 251 300 397
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
* Mean number of meals eaten by adults and children “yesterday” and “last 30 days” not statistically significant at the
p=<.05 level (testing across rows) a-c The mean difference is significant at the p=<0.05 level: Adults (F=7.333, df=3, Sig=.000) and Children (F=10.354, df=3,
Sig=.000) and post-hoc between groups Tukey HSD, 0.000-0.001(testing across columns)
Table 29: HH main food sources in last 30 days, by zone
What are your HH”s sources of food
over the last 30 days? (% HH, weighted)
World
Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
Purchase 82.8 93.1 85.2 83.7 75.7
Harvest 24.6 20.2 16.6 16.3 38.4
Work trade 11.3 N/A 11.5 9.2 15.3
Borrow/loan 6.4 9.1 N/A 8.9 N/A
Gift from friends/relatives 4.9 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Food aid 2.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A
n (unweighted) 1382 361 338 337 346
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative.
Table 30: Current HH stock of rice, by zone
Zone Mean (kg) Median (kg) Std. Deviation Range (kg) n (unweighted)
East Leyte 5.7 2.0 16.5 0-250 361
West Leyte 5.4a 2.0 12.3 0-150 338
North Cebu 6.7 5.0 7.7 0-50 337
Panay 7.6a 4.0 12.9 0-100 346
World Vision zones 6.5 3.0 12.4 0-250 1382
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted. a The mean difference is significant at the p=<0.05 level (Tukey HSD, 0.04)
Table 31: HH coping strategies item scores, by zone
Copies strategies index: item scores
(weighted)
World Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
Limit portion size at meal times 5.1 6.2 5.4 4.0 5.3
Reduce number of meals per day 5.3 6.1 5.0 4.7 5.6
Borrow food or rely on help from a friend
or relative 4.2 4.4 4.4 3.7 4.3
Rely on less expensive or less preferred
foods 8.7 9.2 9.4 8.8 7.9
Purchase food on credit, take a loan or
borrow money to purchase food 5.0 5.5 5.1 4.5 5.0
Gather unusual types/amounts of wild foods
or hunt 3.5 3.9 3.5 3.4 3.3
Send household members to eat at relatives 3.3 4.0 3.3 3.2 3.2
Restrict consumption by adults so children
can eat more 5.3 7.1 4.6 4.7 5.4
Rely on casual labour for food as payment 5.4 5.3 5.2 6.3 5.1
78 | P a g e
Skip entire days without eating 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0
Consume immature crops/crop seeds 4.7 3.7 4.9 6.0 4.1
Send household members to beg 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
n (unweighted) 1382 361 338 337 346
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
Table 32: HH methods for treating drinking water, by zone
How do you treat your drinking water?
(% HH, weighted)
World
Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
None 57.3 60.1 62.0 59.1 51.2
Filtration 24.6 N/A 16.3 34.4 33.2
Boiling 17.0 21.1 21.1 11.6 15.9
Chlorination 4.6 16.9 N/A N/A N/A
n (unweighted) 1381 361 337 337 346
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative.
Table 33: HH access to improved sanitation facility, by zone
What is the primary toilet facility
your household uses? (% HH,
weighted)
World Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
None (Bush, field or no facility) 15.9 3.2(N/A) 15.2 43.5 N/A
Flush/pour flush to sewage system/
septic tank 59.7 56.9 77.2 44.4 58.4
Ventilated improved pit latrine (VIP) 6.2 N/A N/A N/A 16.2
Pit latrine with slab 8.5 13.8 N/A N/A 11.8
Composting toilet N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Pit latrine without slab/open pit 1.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Bucket 3.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A
n (unweighted) 1382 361 338 337 346
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted. N/A=
Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative.
Table 34: HH hand-washing practices, by zone
HH hand-washing practices
World
Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
Average number of reported hand washing
instances (from total of six listed below) 2.8 3.0a 3.0b 2.2abc 2.9c
When do you wash your hands? (% HH, weighted)
Before food preparation 68.4 72.9 69.5 57.0 73.3
Before eating 93.1 90.9 94.1 87.5 97.4
Before feeding children 31.4 23.8 30.8 27.9 37.7
After defecation 55.6 66.2 69.5 27.0 60.3
After cleaning babies bottoms 17.8 21.9 21.6 15.4 14.8
Other1 12.5 28.8 15.7 N/A N/A
n (unweighted) 1381 361 338 337 345
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted. 1 “Other” common responses included: After working on the farm or garden; after eating; whenever hands are dirty.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative.
79 | P a g e
a-c The mean difference is significant at the p=<0.05 level (F=33.152, df=3, Sig=.000, Tukey HSD, 0.000)
Table 35: Soap used to wash hands in HHs, by zone
What do you usually use to
wash your hands with? (% HH,
weighted)
World Vision
Zones
East
Leyte West Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
Soap 75.5 74.9 85.4 58.6 80.0
Washing up liquid/laundry detergent 21.8 21.9 10.9 37.5 19.1
Only water 2.7 N/A N/A N/A N/A
n (unweighted) 1381 360 338 337 346
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative.
Table 36: Coping behaviour: HH member migration for food, by zone
In the past 30 days has your
household had any members
temporarily or permanently migrate
to find food? (% HH)
World Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
No 89.9 93.2 92.7 80.1 93.3
Yes 7.9 N/A N/A 13.6 N/A
DK 2.2 N/A N/A N/A N/A
n (unweighted) 1382 361 338 337 346
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative.
Table 37: HH main income source during the last month, by zone
What was the main source of income
for your household in last month?
(% HH, weighted)
World Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
Casual labour (not farming) 41.8 28.3 40.7 42.3 48.3
Casual labour (farming) 24.1 40.6 20.8 23.9 19.1
Small business (Sari-sari store) 10.0 N/A N/A N/A 17.6
Formal employment 9.3 9.1 11.2 15.1 N/A
Local remittance 3.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Others* 3.3 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Petty trade (candles, ice, small goods) 2.9 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Crop, vegetable/fruit sales 2.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Various other income sources (n=<30): animal sales; government or NGO CFW; begging, etc.
n (unweighted) 1382 361 338 337 346
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative, and line items with zone total <30 omitted.
*Other most common responses include: fishing; pension; self-employed (e.g., driver, carpenter)
Table 38: HH expenses, by zone
During the past month, what
expenditure(s) did your HH spend most
on? (% HH, weighted)
World
Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
Staple food 87.3 97.2 93.5 86.9 78.3
Education fees/uniforms 39.0 34.9 37.9 27.0 50.0
Health and medical 26.7 18.0 27.2 19.9 35.0
HH expenses/repairs 26.2 18.3 29.3 20.8 31.2
80 | P a g e
Non-staple food 10.4 N/A 10.9 N/A 15.3
Agriculture, livestock inputs 8.5 N/A N/A N/A 13.3
Travel, transportation 3.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Loan payments 3.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Others 0.9 N/A N/A N/A N/A
n (unweighted) 1382 361 338 337 346
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted. N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative.
Table 39: HH ability to meet top expense, by zone
Do you think your HH is able to meet
your top expenditure? (% HH)
World Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
Fully 35.0 24.3 39.9 57.0 21.1
Partially 57.7 73.4 49.7 39.7 68.8
Not at all 7.1 N/A 10.4 N/A 10.1
n (unweighted) 1382 361 338 337 346
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative.
Table 40: WV projects helpful for HH to meet top expense, by zone
Was your household's involvement
with any of the World Vision projects
helpful to any degree in allowing you
to meet that expense? (% HH)
World Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
Fully 42.8 38.2 34.3 67.1 34.3
Partially 41.6 48.2 35.9 12.3 63.1
Not at all 10.6 N/A 24.7 N/A N/A
DK 5.0 N/A N/A 12.0 N/A
n (unweighted) 1227 328 295 298 306
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative.
Table 41: HH with outstanding loan, by zone
Does anyone in your household have
an outstanding loan? (% HH)
World Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
No 45.1 35.2 54.5 58.0 33.6
Yes 53.0 64.4 44.9 35.0 66.2
DK N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
n (unweighted) 1382 361 338 337 346
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative.
Table 42: HH reasons for borrowing, by zone
What are the main reasons for
borrowing money? (% HH that
reported loans, weighted)
World
Vision Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
Food purchases 69.6 74.7 65.8 67.8 69.9
Education costs 22.1 16.7 N/A N/A 31.0
Healthcare 20.0 N/A 25.7 N/A 20.5
81 | P a g e
Repair house 12.7 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Inputs (farming, livestock, etc.) 12.4 13.3 N/A N/A 15.7
Start, expand business 10.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Buy household goods 7.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Other* (build house, buy land, etc.) 4.2 N/A N/A N/A N/A
n (unweighted) 732 233 152 118 229
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted. N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative.
*Other category collapsed by TANGO to include other responses (utilities, loan payments, etc.), build house and buy land.
Table 43: HH main sources for loans, by zone
Who was the money borrowed from? (%
HH that reported loans, weighted)
World
Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
Friend, relative, neighbour 50.0 62.7 52.0 25.4 52.4
Bank/ formal lender 18.8 N/A N/A 28.8 22.7
Trader/ grocer 14.0 14.6 N/A N/A N/A
Money lender 12.9 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Informal savings group 5.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Others* 6.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A
n (unweighted) 732 259 162 123 245
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative.
*Other category collapsed by TANGO to include other responses (employer, cooperative, etc.), NGO/CBO and
government.
Table 44: HH cash savings, by zone
Does any member of your HH have
any cash savings? (% HH, weighted)
World Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
No 82.1 90.0 89.1 72.5 80.0
Yes 16.1 9.6 9.8 22.1 19.7
DK N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
n (unweighted) 1382 361 338 337 346
Reasons for savings (n=210): (% HH that reported savings, weighted)
Food purchases 44.0
To prepare for difficult times 38.7
Healthcare 37.2
Education costs 32.4
Other: (n=<30) in case of emergency, loan payments, utilities, repair house, inputs, buy household goods, etc. Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative.
Table 45: HH main sources for receiving information on WV projects, by zone
Where do you usually get information
about the interventions of World Vision
in your community? (% HH, weighted)
World
Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
Barangay council 48.8 70.9 31.4 43.0 55.8
Barangay/community assembly 40.6 13.9 43.2 50.4 44.2
By a friend/relative/neighbour 23.8 24.7 29.9 18.7 22.5
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WV staff 8.1 8.9 N/A N/A 11.0
Other* 5.4 N/A 11.8 N/A N/A
n (unweighted) 1382 361 338 337 346 Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative.
*Other responses included, for example: Did not receive disseminated information, DK, volunteers, community
committees, etc.
Table 46: HH methods used for providing feedback, by zone
Which method did you use to provide
feedback? (% HH that gave feedback)
World
Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
Did not use any 33.9 60.8 24.0 19.4 38.2
Talk to purok leader 18.4 N/A 21.8 32.5 13.8
Report to barangay chairman 15.8 N/A 16.8 17.5 19.1
Attend barangay assembly 15.6 N/A N/A N/A 24.0
Directly talk to WV field staff 12.7 16.7 25.1 13.6 N/A
Drop letter in suggestion box 11.6 N/A 19.6 N/A N/A
Send a text/call Frontline SMS 3.7 N/A N/A N/A N/A
n (unweighted) 853 204 179 206 246 Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative.
Table 47: Disasters since Typhoon Haiyan, by zone
Has your community faced a disaster
after Haiyan? (% HH, weighted)
World
Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
Yes 97.3 99.1a 99.2b 99.7c 93.3abc
n (unweighted) 1386 361 338 341 346
(Of HH that faced a disaster…)
What disasters has your community faced after Haiyan? (% HH, weighted)
Typhoon Hagupit (Ruby) 97.9 97.8 98.8 97.9 97.2
Typhoon Jangmi (Seniang) 51.6 81.6 75.2 43.0 24.5
Heavy winds or rain 11.7 N/A 14.9 22.0 N/A
Floods 10.6 54.7 N/A N/A N/A
Typhoon Glenda 7.5 N/A 23.9 N/A N/A
Other (typhoons) 2.7 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Other: Earthquake, landslide or fire* 2.3 N/A N/A N/A N/A
n (unweighted) 1353 358 335 337 323 Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative. a-c Statistically significant difference (Tukey HSD) at p=<0.05.
* Other responses for natural disasters collapsed into one category by TANGO.
Table 48: HH challenges in coping with disasters since Typhoon Haiyan, by zone
Have you faced challenges in coping with
these disasters (% HH, weighted)?
World
Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
Yes 79.9 89.5ad 85.2b 79.4cd 72.0abc
n (unweighted) 1386 361 338 341 346
(Of HH that faced challenges…)
What were the challenges that you faced in coping with these disasters?
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Lost access to livelihood 48.2 41.2 52.8 49.4 46.9
Lack of money for home, business or
land repairs 45.0
36.9 50.7 30.1 57.1
Others* 20.9 43.1 20.3 24.2 N/A
Labour constraints 16.7 23.4 12.9 14.5 18.1
Family members away from home 3.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A
*Other most common responses: Lack of food/hunger and water (121+ responses) with further
corresponding challenges of destroyed crops or food price increases; Inability to cope with trauma,
anguish or distress (52+ responses); House damaged/destroyed again and inability to repair (43+
responses) corresponding to the challenges of sleeping areas flooded and security of family and belongings;
Family members sick or injured (26+ responses).
n (unweighted) 1101 320 286 269 226 Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative. a-d Statistically significant difference (Tukey HSD) at p=<0.05 (F=12.815, df=3, Sig=.000).
Table 49: HH perceived preparedness for future disasters, by zone
If another typhoon or major disaster
occurs, do you feel your household is
fully prepared to deal with its adverse
effects? (% HH, weighted)*
World Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
No 24.0 19.2 28.3 23.9 22.9
Yes 66.8 78.5 52.1 60.0 77.1
DK 9.2 N/A 19.6 16.1 N/A
n (unweighted) 1382 361 338 337 346
Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted.
N/A= Small sample size (n=<30) is not statistically representative.
* Statistically significant difference across zones (X2 =.000).
Table 50: Household demographics, by zone
Demographics
World Vision
Zones
East
Leyte
West
Leyte
North
Cebu Panay
Gender and age of head of household (HHH)
Male (% HH) 77.2 81.2 81.7 74.5 71.4
Female (% HH) 22.8 18.8 18.3 25.5 28.6
Average age of HHH (weighted mean) 47.7 46.5 48.0 46.0 49.2
n (unweighted) 1386 361 338 341 346
Household members
Average HH size (weighted mean) 5.1 4.9 5.4 5.4 5.0
Average number of children U5 in HH
(weighted mean) 0.7
0.7 0.6 0.9 0.6
Average number of children 6-15
years in HH (weighted mean) 1.5
1.7 1.2 1.5 1.5
Average number of children <15 years
in HH (weighted mean) 2.2
2.4 1.9 2.4 2.2
Average number of elderly in HH
(weighted mean) 0.5
0.3 0.6 0.5 0.5
Average number of adults in HH
(weighted mean) 2.6
2.2 3.1 2.7 2.3
HH Dependency Ratio 1.3 1.3 1.0a 1.5a
1.3
n (unweighted) 1386 361 338 341 346 Note: Calculations of the zone total cannot be done by hand because the values across zones have been weighted. a Statistically significant difference between groups (ANOVA) at p=<0.05 (F=3.477, df=3, Sig=.016).
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Annex figures
Note: The following figures were developed by WV Philippines; analysis was not
conducted by TANGO International.
Figure 37: Community leaders list interventions carried out by WV (n=40)
*Other Interventions: Distribution of student kits, learner’s kits and teachers kits, Augmentation of medical supplies and
equipment, Advocacy (CVA), Repair of health facilities, COMSCA, Fisheries support (assets, equipment), DRR (Mangrove
Planting, GIS), Micro Finance & Loans
**Trainings include: hog raising, duck raising, fish processing, cosmetology, hair dressing/cutting, welding, masonry,
reflexology, carpentry, electrical wiring
Source: EOG evaluation community leader findings, WV Philippines, March 2015.
Figure 38: FGD priority problems in aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan
Source: THR EOG evaluation qualitative report, WV Philippines, March 2015.
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Figure 39: Children recall the actors that addressed their priority needs
Source: THR EOG evaluation qualitative report, WV Philippines, March 2015.
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Annex D: Community validation notes
End of Grant Evaluation
Community Validation Process: April 2015
Four Zones: North Cebu, Panay, East and West Leyte
Participants:
Zone Brgys Boys Girls Male Female
Panay Gogo, Estancia, Iloilo 5 17 8 13
Botongon, Estancia, Iloilo 4 6 6 17
East Leyte Calipayan, Dulag 6 8 7 9
Sawahon, Dagami 0 11 11 11
West Leyte Libjo, Merida 7 6 21 12
Donghol, Ormoc 6 8 6 11
North Cebu Caputatatan Norte, Medellin 9 8 4 19
Camoboan, Tabogon 9 8 10 11
TOTAL 46 72 73 103
Findings/ Theme
Community Input Additional Observations/Notes from facilitation team Quotes from the participants
Do the findings align with their reality? Does this represent families gauge of the evaluation criteria?
Do communities have any additional inputs in relation to Eval criteria? Yes/ No. Provide Explanations what does the community say. Disagreements?
Major issues that come up?
Relevance All participants agreed on the presentation regarding relevance of
the project.
Typhoon problems
Current Problems
Beneficiary of the project
NORTH CEBU
On usefulness rating, participants justified low usefulness rating for the
reason that some materials were not used for house repair due to
quality issues. Participants estimated around 10% of the HH whom have
received shelter materials still have not started repair due to financial
capacity to pay for labour
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Timeliness NORTH CEBU
(Caputatan Norte) Participants agreed that Response not timely. Where provision of the intervention was delayed specifically with
the provision of shelter materials where families have started to or
have completed shelter repair.
(Camoboan) Majority of participants disagreed to the timeliness
results. Provision of assistance came when they are about to run
out of food supplies given by other NGOs.
NORTH CEBU
“Even if the food and NFI
distribution happened a month
after the typhoon they gave more
than other NGOs had given.”-
female participant
Effectiveness How have the WV activities identified as most useful been helpful to your household and community?
NORTH CEBU (No livelihood intervention implemented)
Assistance for alternative livelihood project was suggested as all participants mentioned that not all families had fully recovered from
the aftermath of the typhoon. Farms had no good yield since
Yolanda.
NORTH CEBU (No livelihood
intervention implemented)
“Since there are no classes we (all of
family members) all go to the
sugarcane plantation to have
additional income.”-female
participant.”
“It would have been good if WV
would give us livelihood trainings and
alternative livelihood for female HH
member so they also can help earning
income for our family.” male
participant
Food
What could have been done differently, in terms of the assistance received in the first 6-8 months that might have changed how they are doing now related to their food security and overall well-being status? How has WV’s food distribution been helpful?
PANAY
Had been helpful since people were hungry the time the assistance arrived, and all households have availed.
It helped ease the tension among people who were worried about food. Having received food assistance, people were able to focus on other things like repairing their houses and clearing debris.
Provided sufficient food stock for several days and allowed them to eat thrice a day. Some children mentioned that it could have been more helpful had the food assistance came a week after the typhoon.
EAST LEYTE (note: only applies to adult in Sawahon as there were no food distribution in Calipayan, Dulag)
EAST LEYTE Participants claimed that the community people find it hard to access food due to limited livelihood opportunities and low income. According to them, they are suffering from financial crisis, thus, some families eat just twice a day while some planted root crops to compensate rice.
PANAY “Other families did not make it to the list of beneficiaries and they got angry”- male
EAST LEYTE Some of the families here eat only twice a day while some has it only once a day. This happens due to limited livelihood opportunities. We were once dependent in coco farming yet those were damaged during typhoon Yolanda. At present, people here works in
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Livelihood opportunities of the community people were damaged, thus, households finds it difficult to support food need of its member.
Current source of food of the families are from:
Purchase
Labour
livestock and poultry raising
own production (sweet potato production)
Food distribution was considered a useful activity as families have access to food right after the typhoon
Participants disclosed that the assistance had come just right on time that it was needed.
NORTH CEBU
Camoboan- Participants mentioned that food provided helped them temporarily cope with the worries from looking for livelihood/sources of food to feed for their families. As an effect they were able to focus on the gathering salvaged materials for house repair.
They suggested that WV to set up Response offices near areas where typhoon will hit prior to landfall with pre-positioned goods ready. May also provide relief items to areas of possible landfall before typhoon hits.
WEST LEYTE
Participants agreed that their main source of food is the same with the evaluation findings.
Children and adults are able to eat three times a day.
Have to engage in casual labour to by food needs and to eat three times a day.
Families have insufficient income to meet all their basic needs.
Families still lack money to buy food because they do not have livelihoods.
Families resort to eating less preferred food.
cutting lumbers. Once cutting of lumbers is done, there will be a lot of jobless”- adult, Sawahon WEST LEYTE “Even those who have work have a hard time meeting their food needs, more so for me who has no source of income. So we just eat porridge, sweet potato and salted fish for us to be able to eat three times a day.” “We, in our family we only eat two times a day because my income as a casual labourer is too small. How much is one hundred pesos in a day? We still have to save money so we could pay for a carpenter to repair our house.”
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Families tend to reduce number of meals taken per day to be
able to address other household priorities. Children agreed that food was a top issue right after
typhoon. They described it as no access to food due to closed markets.
Prices of vegetables increased.
To meet food needs children were forced to stop schooling and find work.
Parents have to find work in other places.
Parents have to look for ways to get income despite limitations(e.g. disabilities)
Feeding programs were implemented by INGOs
Shelter
What is their current shelter situation? We don't have a lot of data on this (and 80% who are not fully prepared, say they need stronger, more disaster resistant shelter to cope with future disasters).
PANAY Although generally lacking, the distribution of shelter materials has been helpful, the quality was good. There were some who were not able to do repair. They have also received materials from another NGO (Union Church of Manila or UCM) . These were used together with those received from WV. Situation is better now with people already have roof over their head. The problem now is land. Landowners before signed a document giving go signal for the repair/construction of shelter but talks have it that they are selling their land and that demolition will be carried out which makes the households worried. The distribution of shelter materials was delayed so some people sold them. People have started doing repair even before the distribution so in effect, their shelters are not disaster-resilient. Some sold the shelter materials they received from WV and bought similar or substitute materials that were of lesser price so they can buy more. The same was also mentioned in the FGD with children. Some have already borrowed money to repair their house so when they received the shelter materials, they sold them to repay the loaned amount. They could sleep better, no longer get wet when it rains. Some sold materials to buy food, necessary materials for livelihood (e.g. fishing nets), while others used the proceeds to buy liquor and for gambling. In one FGD with the children, they said that based on their observation,
EAST LEYTE Some families were able to rebuild their houses while some though had started with the house construction, were still not able to finish it due to unavailability of money to pay for labour and to purchase additional materials. Furthermore, participants prioritize food over shelter repair Participants not sure if the houses built by World Vision or even their houses utilising materials from WV could withstand typhoon as strong as Yolanda.
PANAY “Whatever materials WV provided, I just tried to augment them”- Female “it was not able to serve its purpose. People needed money for their other needs to they sold the shelter materials”- male
“The labour and hauling cost millions. If only money was given to people so they can buy the materials they needed since these were available locally, the assistance could have gone a long way”- male “The build back better principles were not adopted because the materials were lacking and quality of some materials like the coco lumber were inferior (not mature enough)”. - Male “Some did not make it to the list of the beneficiaries because the community leaders did not like them… The members of the rehabilitation committee should have been selected through a general assembly. This was to ensure that they have the confidence and trust of the people”-
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7 out of 10 recipients of shelter materials were able to do repair while the rest sold the items.
EAST LEYTE
Families were able to receive shelter type A and B project of World Vision.
The project was considered a useful activity as it had provided the following benefits:
o Families no longer spent amount to purchase
shelter materials and had only pay for labour. o people were able to build houses and were able
to comfortably stay in a place where they are protected from rain and sun.
The shelter project implementation was also considered on time, or was implemented at the time that it was most needed.
NORTH CEBU Caputatan Norte – participants said that around 80% had
completed the repair but had not used the build back better
principles, making houses not disaster resistant. 10% have applied
BBB techniques. Participants think that Families whom have not
received shelter materials assistance remains vulnerable to future
disaster as houses were not strong. Repair of the house was not
taken with full supervision or repair of houses was rushed-(no
planning and BBB techniques application) as the priority of the male
HH member is mainly on earning for a living.
Camoboan- all of participants said that none of them have rebuild
their houses that could withstand calamities due to financial
incapacity of families in the community.(no shelter intervention)
WEST LEYTE Helpful since families no longer need to buy shelter materials
however they were unable to pay for the repair.
HHs were able to save money intended for shelter. They were able to buy food, able to pay labour for shelter repair, able to pay for education expenses.
27 out of 36 participants are living in their own home but unable
male
“We have to be honest. We sold the shelter materials we received because we needed the money for the education of my brother”- boy
“Since WV provided the shelter materials, they should have been the ones to do the repair as well. Some families do not have someone who can do the repair and they did not have money to pay for the labour”- girl
EAST LEYTE “We are not sure if our shelter could withstand typhoon as strong as Yolanda as our house is only made of coco lumbers. Just like what happened on Typhoon Ruby, the flat bars used for type B houses were slightly bent”- adult Sawahon “Though some would say that the shelter project was somehow delayed, for me it was okay as it was implemented”- adult, Sawahon
NORTH CEBU “The marine plywood have holes and
substandard. It breaks easily.”- male
participant
“I think only the houses of the
carpenters and the package B houses
can be considered as disaster resistant
houses ”- female participant
WEST LEYTE “We are capable of repairing our
house but food and education is of higher priority.”
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fully repair.
9 out of 36 are living with host families.
Since household income is just enough for food needs, family is unable to pay for labour to repair house so they just live in their comfort room.
Challenges encountered: 1.) prioritised lot mortgage over shelter repair. 2.) Unable to pay labour for shelter repair. 3.) Lack of shelter materials. 4.) Incurred debts. 5.) Did some shelter repair but since did not receive any shelter assistance house is still in poor condition.6.) land ownership(family has to live with relatives because they are not allowed to go back to their house since they do not own the house)
Families are not fully prepared of future disaster due to all challenges to shelter. Have a hard time looking for job and food.
There are emergencies that come up like health concerns that would take up HH budget instead spending it for preparation purposes.
“Just like what we did during typhoon Ruby we tied our roofs with ropes as a preparation so it will not be blown away.” “We are not ready for future disaster due to financial problem. People here usually earn a hundred pesos a day- we still have to spend for fare, and then we still have children to feed.”
NFI NORTH CEBU “The people are very happy to have
received the NFI items because they
were not expecting to have received
that kind of intervention. Families do
not have the capacity to buy NFI items
as their income is just enough for
expenses for food.”-male participant
WASH EAST LEYTE After the typhoon, some households had no access to toilet facility, thus, others are into open defecation. But, because of WV’s intervention, people are now provided with proper toilet facility. Latrine project of WV was considered useful as had:
people have access to latrines and could comfortably use it.
People including children are prevented in doing open defecation.
People have heightened awareness about hygiene and sanitation practices
Have access to water used for bathing, washing dishes, cooking and laundry.
Children were also safe against diseases brought by open defecation.
EAST LEYTE The participants claimed that the water system near the waiting shed is not safe for drinking. Not all latrine facilities are completely constructed
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Participants also disclosed that the project was implemented in a timely manner.
CIE/Protection PANAY CFS was cited as helpful as it further developed the children’s leadership skills and allowed them to have fun. Thankful for the classrooms. However, it was mentioned that they should have been consulted on the repair that was necessary. Eased the difficulty of children (e.g. holding classes under the tree before), now have faucets to get water from so do not have to fetch water outside the school. The money that was intended to buy school materials was spent for food instead.
PANAY “Those engaged in the school repair were not the ones who availed the trainings but relatives and neighbors of the engineers… We were made to understand that we were the eyes and ears of WV while the school repair was being done. But we were not aware of the scope of work and bill of materials. So what will be our reference in keeping track?”- Male “Only very small repair was done to some of the classrooms but still they were included in the count”- Male “Having received the school supplies, it gave us something to write on and also a bag to put our school materials in”- boy
CFW/Community Assets PANAY Some of the children said that the money received from the CFW was used for livelihood (e.g. sari-sari store) and to cover household expenses.
EAST LEYTE According to the participants, cash for work project had helped the recovery of the community and had benefitted the households. CFW was considered useful as the families were able to:
buy food (rice and viand)
support children’s educational needs (school fees, transportation fee)
The community was cleaned because of the project.
Were provided with seedlings to plant
Were able to harvest seedlings for personal consumption The project was timely as it was implemented right after the food distribution in which people do not have money to pay for food.
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Livelihoods
What do they feel the impact was (if any) of livelihoods and shelter (Type A and B) assistance starting 6 months after the disaster, versus starting sooner perhaps? Similarly, what is their current situation in terms of recovering assets that were lost in Haiyan?
PANAY According to the participants, assistance was limited, not all households were able to receive. Some have received although not that affected by the typhoon. Selection criteria were set and there were community representatives in the committee but they gave preference to their relatives. They all agreed that those who received livestock (particularly piglets) benefitted as the proceeds from selling the pigs helped cover some household expenses. They were not certain though if some amount was left/used for buying new piglets to be raised thus doubting the sustainability of this livelihood scheme. Some participants said they sold the pigs and bought another to be raised. Recipients of chickens did not sell all and retained a few (egg layers). Some beneficiaries sold their feeds not long after they have received them so when they run out of feeds, they were forced to sell their livelstock (e.g. ducks) It was noted that some sari-sari stores remain in business. However, since there is no other source of income, household expenses (e.g. education) eat up on the capital so such endeavor being able to carry on was doubted. The same observation was shared by the children. Seaweeds- it was described as “failure” altogether since these were infested. Looking back, the participants said that beneficiaries should have been consulted as to the type of sapling since the one provided by WV was not suitable to the local condition. It was mentioned that the beneficiaries provided feedback but were allegedly told that procurement process has already been completed. It was also noted that the saplings were in bad shape when they arrived. Support for fishing- the nylon easily snapped. It was smaller than the one they were using before. The fishnets’s eyes were too big and not appropriate for the kind of fish they were catching. They were only able to use the led that are attached to the nets. In the other barangay where the FGD was held, the participants said though that the fishing materials have been useful and helped them earn a living to buy food. It was mentioned that more effort should have been exerted to make the people really understand the intention of the project particularly on sustaining their livelihoods. Some were questioning why others made it to the list of the recipients- some of the latter were even surprised themselves. The participants agreed that the skills trainings have been helpful as
EAST LEYTE The project implementation was considered as somehow delayed but this was attributed to the beneficiary selection done by Red Cross in which beneficiaries were listed to avail livelihood assistance. With this, during the beneficiary selection of WV, those listed in Red Cross were no longer included in the list of the beneficiaries in WV to avoid duplication. However, Red Cross did not continue with the project implementation, thus, numbers of families were not able to receive livelihood assistance. Some of the broilers provided got sick, thus, are used by beneficiaries for personal consumption.
PANAY “The piglets were given together with 4 sacks of feeds. Some sold portion of the feeds so when they ran out, they had to sell the pigs”- male
“The nets provided by WV that had big “eyes” would have been useful if we were catching dolphins”- female “Others who received a net were not fishermen. Some fishermen received a net but how can they use it when they have no boat?”- male “I am a fisherman but I did not receive assistance for fishing so I just joined the training on carpentry. I am somehow earning income as a carpenter now”- Male
“The skills training (carpentry) helped. I learned some techniques which improved the quality of my work. Since I have availed of the training, I am being considered to be hired for a project of the National Housing Authority”- Male
“I am able to earn extra income (from body massage). There is no need for capital, just your energy”- female
“After my father sold the pigs, he used the earnings for my and my siblings’ school feels and supplies”. Girl
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those who have undergone them are earning now. They agreed that the gains from this particular initiative are likely to be sustained. It was mentioned that participants of the skills training gained additional knowledge which helped in making them more confident in doing their work. As to improvement, they said that livelihood assistance even lesser in scale, should have been extended, too to those whose houses were partially damaged . More careful consideration to skills matching or interest/preference to better ensure that the training is effective. The earnings from livestock were used to buy food, clothing and to pay debts. Some were able to buy piglets again after selling the ones they received from WV. Some sold chickens but retained a few of them (e.g. egg layer). According to the children, some of those who have undergone the skills training have opened beauty parlors, and those who were trained in carpentry repaired their and others houses. They added though that after the training and getting the money for attending such, others became idle again. They estimated that about half of those who participated the trainings have the same situation. They recommended for improvement WV’s providing basics on managing a business to include information on how to promote their products and services; and that WV should provide or facilitate for the training participants to acquire work/employment.
EAST LEYTE Livelihood activities of the community people were disrupted (e.g. crops were lost, coconut trees which is a major source of income of the community people were damaged) In Response, World Vision had provided livelihood assistance in a form of sari-sari store, livestock and chickens. Some were also trained to be carpenters to construct houses supported by WV. Support of livelihood projects by WV was just enough for families buy rice and helped children with transportation needs, thus, families were not able to set aside amount for saving Livelihood project of WV was considered useful as families were able to:
To buy rice seeds for the farmers.
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given an opportunity to establish business
able to support their daily needs (purchase of food)
could somehow provide the school needs of children ( transportation and school fees)
The projected was considered timely by those who were able to receive it yet considered delayed for those who were still not able to receive it
Accountability
What do you suggest to WV concerning giving back information to your community? (e.g. validation of evaluation results) For children: What have you learned about WV as an organisation? Where did you learn this information? What kind of things do you know about WV?
PANAY WV help people recover from the typhoon by providing relief goods, shelter materials, schools supplies, livelihood and school repair. It is concerned about those who are affected. It also provides knowedge on how to be better prepared when a disaster comes. WV also helps the poor. The children learned about WV from their barangay captain, barangay health workers, from their parents, teachers, beneficiaries WV could be more helpful to children if it provided scholarships, did feeding programs and distributed vitamins. Happy with the validation process because they were able to learn more about how WV was able to help and address the needs of people
NORTH CEBU Participants find information useful for them to give feedback and
let WV know the real situation of the community. WV to continue
such process.
A mention of setting up Accountability and CRM with ADP and
ABK3 was recommended by the participants.
Participants are satisfied on the process on how they receive information and how feeback were addressed.(Information flow:
WV-Brgy Officials-BHW-HH)
EAST LEYTE The community people are aware of the feedback mechanisms in place. They have shared that they mostly prefer talking directly to WV staff as a mechanism as it provides immediate answers. In addition, they also prefer feedback box as it is accessible. However, they less prefers to use SMS as it entails cost. Libjo, Merida:
Note: The session with children for this topic used the body map method wherein children had to answer questions corresponding to a body part (ie. head, eyes, mouth, hands, feet and heart)
PANAY “These made the children happy. WV is kind- they do a lot of things for us”- girl
“ It is good that we are able to share our ideas on how WV could better provide assistance. It is encouraging for us”. –Male “I am happy just being able to voice out my thoughts and concerns”.- Female
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- Information were provided during relief effort was enough (e.g. tarpaulins were posted in distribution site)
- Accountability mechanism during the distribution was the community leaders themselves who were able to resolve issues raised.
Donghol, Ormoc: - Those who are late in attending general assembly, unable to receive
any World Vision assistance are those who do not know about World Vision projects.
- There are orientations, general assemblies and coordination to barangay officials conducted and comics were distributed as guide.
RECOMMENDATION: Information dissemination should be by purok.
DRR/Resilience
For DRR What do they think about the findings on ability to cope with future disasters (for instance 80% are challenged to cope with future disasters). What are families doing differently now to cope with disasters/stresses by anticipating and preparing for disasters?
PANAY According to the adult FGD participants, they felt they are better prepared now thus they did not have to evacuate during the recent typhoon (Hagupit). They said they used the learning from the build back better (BBB) seminars provided by WV. UCM, another NGO, mobilised their own carpenter to do shelter repairs. When they were done, house owners did some work to further strengthen their houses. According to the children, the trainings (build-back-better) made people aware about the ideal location for putting up houses. It was mentioned that the trainings provided by WV helped in making them better prepared as they already learned about what to do before, during and after a disaster. Some of those who were living in danger zones like along the shore have transferred.
EAST LEYTE Most of the participants feel fully prepared to deal with a major disaster as they now know on what and how to prepare for incoming typhoon. People declared that though they are not sure if their houses could withstand typhoon as strong as Yolanda, they think that they are somehow ready now for incoming typhoon than before. People know the following preparations:
Medicines, food, rice, clothes, lights prior to the typhoon.
Identification sources of information about typhoon such as TV, Radio, barangay Officials and even WV.
However, participants disclosed not having any safe evacuation center, thus, some of them had built hole which according to them are safe enough against typhoon.
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NORTH CEBU Participants said that they are really challenged to cope with future
disaster due to their house condition, however, they have mention
some disaster preparedness measures to at least mitigate risk of
impact of damage. (e.g. tying down houses, food stock ready, early
warning system from brgy, evacuation center readiness, set up
barangay DRR system) which was applied during typhoon Hagupit.
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Annex E: Household survey tool
EOG_Eval_HH_Questi
onnaire_Feb3_final.pdf
Annex F: CL tool and focus group guidelines
Haiyan Evaluation CL
KII_01072015.pdf
Haiyan FGD
Guidelines_01072015.pdf
Annex G: Response logframe
Typhoon Haiyan
Response Logframe.xlsx
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Annex H: Desk Review Chronological Bibliography Typhoon Haiyan Response. Lessons Learnt: draft, 19-20 January 2015.
THR. Basic Information Sheet: Evaluation (DFATD, ADH & SHO), December 2014.
THR. Typhoon Haiyan Response 12-Month Report: 8th November 2013 – 31st October 2014, November
2014.
THR. Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) Report Cash for Work Project: East Leyte Zone, November 2014.
Typhoon Haiyan Emergency Response Team. WVI Typhoon Haiyan Response Strategy, revised 9 October
2014.
THR. Logframe, updated 21 October 2014.
THR. Post Distribution Monitoring (PDM) Report Cash for Work Project: West Leyte Zone, October 2014.
(DFATD)
World Vision Canada (WVC) and World Vision Development Foundation-Philippines (WVDF). DFATD 2
Revision Summary/and Budget Revision, 18 September 2014. (DFATD II)
WVDF. DFATD 2 Quarter #2 Project Report, Final Draft, 1 July – 30 September 2014. (DFATD II)
THR. Post Distribution Monitoring Report – Shelter Material Distribution Project (Package A), East Leyte
Zone, 1 August 2014.
World Vision Germany. World Vision Typhoon Haiyan Response – East Leyte (1 January 2014 – 31 December
2014) Project Interim Report and Financial Report to ADH, 8 August 2014.
WVC. Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) Emergency and Recovery Response: Final Report. Submitted to International
Humanitarian Assistance Directorate (IHA), 31 August 2014. (DFATD I)
Typhoon Haiyan Emergency Response Team. Typhoon Haiyan Response 6-Month Report, August 2014.
WVDF. SHO Netherlands Report/ and Financial Report, 11 November 2013 – 31 July 2014. (SHO)
World Vision Germany. World Vision Typhoon Haiyan Response – East Leyte (1 January 2014 – 31 December
2014) Project Proposal to ADH: Proposal Narrative, Budget and Cashflow, Logframe, and ADH Regulations,
July 2014.
WVDF. SHO Budget Revision, 24 June 2014. (SHO)
WVDF. DFATD 2 Quarter #1 Project Report/ and Financial Report, June 2014. (DFATD II)
RTE Team. Real Time Evaluation (RTE): World Vision’s Response To Typhoon Haiyan Final Report, May
2014.
THR. Women and Young Children Spaces (WAYCS): Supporting women and their children in the Relief Phase
of Typhoon Haiyan Response in the Philippines, May 2014. (DFATD)
WVC and WVDF. DFATD I Final Transaction Report, draft II, November 2013-May 2014. (DFATD I)
WVC and WVDF. DFATD I Final Distribution Report, N.D. (DFATD I)
WVC and WVDF. DFATD 2 Grant Rationale for Budget Revision/and Cash Flow Revision, 24 April 2014.
(DFATD II)
WVDF. SHO Financial Report, April 2014. (SHO)
WVC and IHA. Grant Agreement, signed 11 March 2014. (DFATD II)
Typhoon Haiyan Emergency Response Team. Typhoon Haiyan Emergency Response 90-Day Report, March
2014.
Child-Friendly Spaces (CFS) Evaluation Report- Typhoon Haiyan Response in the Philippines, March 2014.
(Donors: DFAT, DFATD)
WVC. Integrated Early Recovery Project in WASH, Shelter, and Livelihoods: Proposal /Budget (Original USD).
Submitted to DFATD/IHA, 2 January 2014. (DFATD II)
THR. Post Distribution Monitoring Report – Unconditional Cash Transfer, 23 January 2014.
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THR. Post Distribution Monitoring Summary Report, 9 December 2013.
World Vision Netherlands and WVDF. Memorandum of Understanding for the implementation of SHO funds.
18 December 2013. (SHO)
WVC and WVDF. Implementation Agreement, 16 December 2013. (DFATD I)
WVC and WVDF. DFATD I Performance Measurment Framework (Logframe), N.D. (DFATD I)
WVC and WVDF. Typhoon Haiyan DFATD US$ Budget Final, N.D. (DFATD I)
WVDF. SHO Proposal-Haiyan Emergency Response-draft, 5 December 2013.
WVC. Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) Emergency And Recovery Response: Concept Paper. Submitted to
DFATD/IHA, 12 November 2013. (DFATD I)
WVDF. Rapid Assessment Report and One-Pager: Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda), November 2013.