enabling albertine rift communities understand and benefit from
TRANSCRIPT
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Enabling Albertine Rift Communities Understand and Benefit from
Uganda’s REDD PROCESS, a Strategy for Sustainable Natural
Resource Use and Management
Uganda Wildlife Society and Buliisa District Local Government Technical
Series Number 1, 2013
Alex B. Muhweezi1, Joel Buyinza
2 and Priscilla Nyadoi
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1Future Dialogues International, P.O. Box 4111 Kampala Uganda
2Uganda Wildlife Society, P.O. Box 7422 Kampala Uganda
Waiver (Disclaimer)
This REDD Training Material has been prepared with the financial assistance of IUCN
NL, Wetlands International and Both ENDS, partners in the Ecosystem Alliance. The
views expressed, the information and material presented and the geographical and
geopolitical designations used in this product do not imply the expression of any opinion
whatsoever on the part of IUCN NL, Wetlands International or Both ENDS or the
institutions and organisations providing these three organisations with funds.
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SUMMARY
This REDD training material and content therein was prepared for Uganda Wildlife
Society and Buliisa District Local Government by Alex Muhweezi of Future Dialogues
International, Joel Buyinza and Priscilla Nyadoi both Employees of Uganda Wildlife
Society. The material was solely developed for purposes of training Buliisa District
Communities (including five civil society organizations, 25 individuals representing the
fisher folk, pastoralists, crop farmers, wildlife resource dependent and oil affected or
dependent households) and natural resource management institutions officials (Fisheries,
forestry, wildlife, agriculture, livestock, water and minerals) representatives. The purpose
of the REDD training detailed in this material is to equip these community and district
representatives with knowledge on Uganda‟s REDD+ so as to prepare them to participate
and benefit from the process. The material is structured in sections beginning from A
that gives an introduction to the entire content through E where issues and opportunities
for REDD+ specific to Buliisa are discussed. The last part of this material contains
references detailing literature accessed and used in the content preparation.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ 3
ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................................. 5
SECTION A .................................................................................................................................... 6
INTRODUCTION TO UWS ECOSYSTEMS ALLIANCE REDD TRAINING PROGRAMME
IN BULIISA .................................................................................................................................... 6
Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 6
The Ecosystems Alliance Project Interventions in Buliisa by the Uganda Wildlife Society ...... 7
Specific activities under the UWS Ecosystems Alliance Project REDD Objective in Buliisa ... 8
Expected outputs ......................................................................................................................... 8
Specifics of REDD training to be conducted for change agents in Buliisa ................................. 9
The REDD Training activities ..................................................................................................... 9
Target REDD outputs ................................................................................................................ 10
SECTION B .................................................................................................................................. 12
UNDERSTANDING REDD+ ....................................................................................................... 12
Definitions/Glossary .................................................................................................................. 12
What is REDD+? ....................................................................................................................... 13
Why REDD+? ........................................................................................................................... 16
REDD+ principles ..................................................................................................................... 17
REDD+ Objectives .................................................................................................................... 17
REDD+ and Uganda‟s National Development .......................................................................... 17
REDD+ and Social economic development .............................................................................. 18
REDD+ and Forestry Policies and Plan .................................................................................... 20
REDD+ and Climate Change .................................................................................................... 21
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Status of forestry resources REDD+ seeks to address ............................................................... 22
Forestry Resources .................................................................................................................... 22
Forestry Governance ................................................................................................................. 25
Drivers of deforestation and forest degradation ........................................................................ 26
SECTION C .................................................................................................................................. 28
REDD+ PROCESS FOR UGANDA............................................................................................. 28
The REDD Process in Uganda .................................................................................................. 28
Legal and policy issues pertaining to R-PP implementation ..................................................... 29
Stakeholder participation and engagement ................................................................................ 29
Institutional arrangements ......................................................................................................... 30
Supervision, coordination, participation, implementation and accountability .......................... 30
Roles and Mandates during R-PP implementation .................................................................... 32
SECTION D .................................................................................................................................. 33
UNDERSTANDING REDD+ PRINCIPLES AND TOOLS ........................................................ 33
Principles and tools under REDD+ ........................................................................................... 33
Table 6: Principles and tools ......................................................................................................... 33
Table 7: Sample tools of direct relevance to different districts in Uganda ................................... 34
SECTION E ................................................................................................................................... 37
ASSESSEMENT OF ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR REDD+ IN BULIISA ................ 37
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................. 38
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ACRONYMS
CBD Convention on Biological Diversity
CFM Collaborative Forest Management
CRM Collaborative Resources Management
CSO Civil Society Organization
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (of UN)
FCPF Forest Carbon Partnership Fund
FSSP Forestry Support Services Department
GHG Green House Gases
MEAs Multi-lateral Environmental Agreements
NFA National Forest Authority
NFP National Forest Plan
PFE Permanent Forest Estate
REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation
R-PIN REDD Project Identification Note
R-PP REDD Readiness preparation proposal
SESA Strategic Environment and Social Assessment
THF Tropical High Forest
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UWA Uganda Wildlife Authority
UWS Uganda Wildlife Society
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SECTION A
INTRODUCTION TO UWS ECOSYSTEMS ALLIANCE REDD TRAINING
PROGRAMME IN BULIISA
Introduction
Uganda Wildlife Society (UWS) is a not for profit nongovernmental membership based
organization in Uganda. The Society was established in 1998 after thirty eight years of
operating as the East African Wildlife Society-Uganda Branch. The driving force behind
UWS formation was the need for the EAWLS members in Uganda to get better organized
in order to effectively engage with wildlife and environment issues in Uganda. The
Society vision is Wildlife and People living in Harmony. And in that, the members
aspire to contributing towards a harmonious co-existence between wildlife and people in
Uganda and beyond. The Society mission is to promote the conservation of wildlife and
environment. To realize her mission, the Society implements a range of activities in five
strategic areas that include; advocacy, knowledge generation, policy dialogues and field
demonstrations. The UWS goal is sustainable utilization of wildlife and other natural
resources. Thus the longer term objective for all programme and activities of UWS is
sustainable use of resources, a driving force behind most challenges facing conservation.
To realize its goal, UWS activities are aimed towards achieving the following objectives:
a. To influence policy formulation for environmental management through
providing forums for addressing, advocating and debating conservation issues.
b. To generate knowledge on wildlife and natural resources and to provide informed
non-biased environment information to the government, private sector and other
civil society organizations.
c. To promote the understanding of linkage of livelihoods and sustainable use of
wildlife and natural resources through raising awareness and implementing
conservation projects about the environment among people.
Uganda Wildlife Society Core Business includes;
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a) Carrying out advocacy/lobbying for harmonious co-existence-Wildlife and
environment.
b) Generating and disseminating knowledge and information about wildlife and
other natural resources (environment subsectors).
c) Field demonstration projects on wildlife conservation and or environmental
management.
The Ecosystems Alliance Project Interventions in Buliisa by the Uganda Wildlife
Society
The Ecosystems Alliance Project in Buliisa is funded by the Netherland Government
through a consortium involving Wetlands International, BothEnds and IUCN-NL. The
goal of the UWS interventions in Buliisa under the Ecosystems Alliance Uganda Country
Programme is to empower communities and institutions in the district for sustainable
natural resource management. In particular UWS is equipping Buliisa communities and
institutions with knowledge and technologies for appropriate land and other natural
resources use and management. These interventions will help restore ecosystems, secure
livelihoods and green economy of the district and also provide lessons for the entire
Albertine Rift and related regions in Uganda. It is important to note that under the
Ecosystems Alliance-Uganda Country Programme, UWS is partnering with African
Institute for Energy Governance (AFIEGO) and the National Association for Professional
Environmentalists (NAPE). These partners are implement similar Ecosystems Alliance
Activities but in the districts of Hoima and Kasese region. Objectives of UWS –
Ecosystems Alliance Project Interventions in Buliisa include:
1) At least 830 private landowners-households (composed of farmers, pastoralists,
ranchers) practicing sustainable land and water resource use and management.
2) Five communities (Private land owners/farmers, Fishery, Forest, National Parks and
Wildlife resources dependent communities) empowered to claim/demand for their
rights to the natural resources and using appropriate established strategies to do this.
3) About 750 hectares of privately owned land brought under sustainable use and
management.
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4) Mining companies effectively implement existing Policies and NEMA and UWA
guidelines regulating the impact of mining in protected areas and, the communities
and institutions in the district holding the miners accountable; i.e. empowered to
monitor and actually monitoring the mining companies‟ compliance to the guidelines.
5) At least 3 CSOs network strengthened and actively engaged in defending the
communities‟ rights and interest against mining /extractive industries.
6) A report on REDD Potential Opportunities, risks and issues in Buliisa District and at
least 3 CSOs from Buliisa supported to participate in the National REDD strategy
and working with the five communities in Buliisa as change agents, to connect and
help the communities benefit from the National REDD Strategy.
7) National level/North–South Policy formulation processes informed on lessons,
experiences/knowledge from Ecosystems Alliance project in Buliisa.
Activities under UWS Ecosystems Alliance Project REDD Objective in Buliisa
In Buliisa the Society aims to train change agents (including 25 representative of the
resource user groups – fisher folk, crop farmers, pastoralists, wildlife resource dependent
communities and oil affected/dependent households and district local government
representatives) on REDD. The change agents will in turn work with their respective
communities, training them and enabling them participate and benefit from Uganda‟s
REDD processes. To realize the training outputs, the Society will:
a. Develop REDD training materials: contents include: Uganda REDD+ process,
approaches to carrying out Consultations, participation, grievances/conflicts
management, assessing drivers of deforestation and forest degradation and identification
of strategies for addressing it, process for undertaking SESA, identifying and describing
institutional arrangements, benefit sharing, Reference Scenario, MRV and others).
b. Train change agents-CSOs, communities/institution representatives, UWS personnel and
selected district departments in Buliisa.
c. Design strategies for change agents‟ participation in National REDD processes.
Expected outputs
The expected outputs under the REDD training activities thus include:
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a. Developed- training materials on REDD for future use by UWS for trainings/campaigns.
b. Trained on REDD-change agents (CSOs, representatives of communities and district
government officials UWS is working with, UWS Staff). The agents in turn capable of
training others (CSOs, communities and stakeholders in Buliisa).
c. Designed-strategies/mechanisms for change agents‟ participation in Uganda REDD
processes.
With respect to training the change agents on REDD+, UWS aims to achieve the
following:
a. The change agents in Buliisa district trained and acquire knowledge about
REDD+ and are able to actively promoting the Uganda REDD+ processes among
communities they are assigned to work with (farmers, wildlife resource dependent
households, fisher folk, oil affected and or dependent households and
pastoralists).
b. Information on potential opportunities, risks and benefits of implementing
Uganda's REDD+ strategies in Buliisa District generated and disseminated.
Specifics of REDD training to be conducted for change agents in Buliisa
The objective is to train change agents in Buliisa in REDD+ and prepare them to serve as
Change Agents (REDD+ training and implementation agents) in Buliisa district.
However, in order for the targeted CSOs to gain from the training and be able to apply
knowledge gained, training will extend to benefit the following key players who will be
collaborating with or supporting the CSOs: District technical staff (environment, forestry,
agriculture, fisheries), Sector players (Forestry-NFA, Wildlife (UWA), Oil (Environment
Officers for Oil Companies) and , UWS Project Staff.
The REDD Training activities
The REDD training Buliisa shall involve building knowledge base about REDD+ and
focus on:
a. Unpacking REDD+ (Global concepts as well as Uganda‟s REDD+ scenarios).
b. Sharing information on REDD+ Process for Uganda.
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c. Understanding REDD+ principles and tools for conducting Consultations and
Participation, managing Grievances and Conflicts Management, Identifying
drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation, Identifying Strategies for
addressing Deforestation and forest Degradation, conducting Strategic
Environment and Social Impact Assessment (SESA), designing institutional
arrangements for REDD+ Strategy implementation, Benefit sharing, Establishing
Reference Scenario, and , Measuring, Reporting and Verifying REDD+ impacts.
d. Identifying opportunities and issues for REDD+ for Buliisa.
e. Identifying interventions areas for strengthening capacity to deliver REDD+ in
district.
Target REDD outputs
Trained change agents capable of training others (CSOs, Communities,
stakeholders on REDD+)
Knowledge and awareness of REDD+ process among Trainees.
REDD+ Training materials and information for use by UWS.
Strategies and mechanisms for enhancing engagement of CSOs in Buliisa with
national REDD+ process.
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Table 1: Training Programme
Day Focus Observations/Rationale
Day
One
Knowledge about REDD+ and REDD+
Process for Uganda
This session sets the scene by
disseminating the REDD+ concept,
principles , objectives and
justification
Establishing REDD+ process in Bulisa This session sets the scene for
REDD+ in Buliisa (opportunities/
potentials, benefits and
implementation requirements)
Day
Two
Understanding REDD+ tools for:
Consultations and participation
Grievances and Conflicts
management
Identification of drivers of
Deforestation and forest
Degradation.
Identification of Strategies for
addressing Deforestation and
forest Degradation
Strategic and Environmental
Social Assessment (SESA)
Institutional arrangements
Benefit sharing
Setting up demonstration sites
Need to secure the understanding of
the practical ways of dealing with
REDD+ principles and elements
Identifying strategies and mechanisms for
participation in national REDD+
processes
Identification on “how” to move
forward as per project objective.
Assessing the training programme Evaluating the Training activity
Identifying further outstanding
training needs.
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SECTION B
UNDERSTANDING REDD+
This information is intended to enable trainees gain deeper understanding of
REDD+ Concept and its applicability in Buliisa.
Definitions/Glossary
Aim: To ensure consistent understanding and application of key
words/terminology
Source: Simply REDD (CIFOR’s guide to Forest, Climate Change and REDD)
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What is REDD+?
Aim: Assist Trainee to understanding the REDD+ Concept, process and structure
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) is an effort to
create a financial value for the carbon stored in forests, offering incentives for developing
countries to reduce emissions from forested lands and invest in low-carbon paths to
sustainable development. REDD+ involves tropical developing countries like Uganda,
receiving financial incentives to reduce the rate of deforestation and forest degradation,
conserve forests through sustainable management, and to increase areas under forest
cover. REDD+ goes beyond deforestation and forest degradation, and includes the role of
conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon
stocks. REDD+ Readiness is linked to Climate Change global policy and processes,
including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and
Kyoto Protocol. Financing for REDD+ is expected to come mainly from market based
financing mechanism. REDD+ is a multi-sectoral process targeting the drivers of
deforestation and forest degradation in relation to land use.
The REDD+ process in Uganda is designed to be achieved through four phases as shown
below:
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Qualifying for
REDD
Readiness Phase Strategy Phase Carbon Phase
C
Adapted from: Uganda’s R-PP (May 2012)
Qualifying for Support to develop REDD+ Readiness Preparation proposal: Uganda
applied to participate in the Forest Carbon Partnership Fund (FCPF) and to access
financial and technical support towards preparing Readiness Preparation Proposal (R-PP).
Readiness Phase: Uganda undertook the following activities to prepare REDD+
Strategy Preparation proposal.
a. Consultations with stakeholders at all levels and across sectors.
b. Studies and Assessments in Forestry policy, governance, trends on forestry
resources, etc.
c. Preparing R-PP Proposal documentation.
d. R-PP Reviews and Approvals, securing financing commitments.
e. Mobilizing to start implementation.
Strategy Phase: Uganda will prepare a national REDD+ Readiness Strategy. This will
involve development of national strategies or action plans, policies and measures. The
following activities are envisaged:
a. Assessing potential strategic options proposed in the Readiness Phase and
identifying needs for additional information required to inform the design of the
REDD Project
Identification Note (R-PIN)
Preparation and
finalization of R-PP
(Consultations, Studies
and Assessments,
Proposal documentation,
R-PP Reviews and
Approvals, securing
financing commitments,
mobilizing to start
implementation).
Implementation of R-PP
resulting into REDD -Plus
Strategy and Preparedness for
Uganda (Capacity building,
Development of REDD Strategy
Options, Development of
implementation and monitoring
systems, Piloting activities,
Completing information
database and assessment, etc.).
Carbon Market
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REDD+ Readiness strategy, including proposals for early implementation of pilot
or demonstration activities, where applicable.
b. Research on the identified information gaps that may include the following
among others: updating the inventory data on status of forests and forestry
resources (biomass inventory and biodiversity values), reviewing ongoing
community approaches and analyzing their suitability for fund channeling
arrangements for REDD+, reviewing Collaborative Resources Management
(CRM)/Collaborative Forestry Management (CFM) approaches to improve
effectiveness, efficiency and community empowerment and, reviewing policy,
legal and institutional arrangements in relation to REDD+ issues and needs.
c. Facilitating early implementation of pilot strategies such as: selecting strategies
and activities for piloting and testing, identifying Social and Environmental issues
pertaining to the Pilot activities and recommending them for SESA, developing
mechanisms for coordinating and managing the proposed activities to ensure
appropriate accounting, oversight, and transparency in the implementation of
these activities.
d. Evaluating and monitoring outcomes of early implementation activities.
e. Evaluating the outcomes and lessons learned.
f. Carrying out socio-economic analysis of the proposed REDD+ strategies to
determine cost, effectiveness and relevance on a national scale.
g. Undertaking a “Risk Assessment and Management process” and developing
mitigation measures as appropriate.
h. Developing and finalizing the National REDD+ Strategy, based on those
strategies that are deemed suitable for inclusion in the national strategy.
Carbon Market Phase: whereby a Country enters a REDD Carbon Market by
implementing the national REDD+ Readiness Strategy. Activities involve results-based
actions that are measured, reported and verified.
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Why REDD+?
Aim: Enable the Trainee to understand the logic behind REDD as an approach
towards addressing causes of Climate Change from forest emissions.
REDD+ is promoted because of the following reasons or rationale.
a. Role of forests as Carbon stores: Globally, it is recognized that deforestation and
forest degradation is mainly through agricultural expansion, conversion to
pastureland, infrastructure development, destructive logging, fires etc. This act
accounts for nearly 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions, more than the entire
global transportation sector and second only to the energy sector. This trend is
presumably applicable to developing countries in the tropics which are less
industrious.
b. Alternative approach to addressing accumulation of Green House Gases (GHG):
Presently, REDD+ is viewed as one of the most cost-effective ways of stabilizing the
atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to avoid a
temperature rise by maintaining the carbon store in tree/vegetation cover in a forest.
However, this achievement also ensures continued supply of essential forest
ecosystem services such as habitat for biodiversity and provisioning of clean water
supplies, among others.
c. Engaging private sector: REDD+ is about making the private sector part of the
solution by providing the kinds of market signals, mechanisms and incentives to
encourage investments that manage and conserve the world‟s nature-based resources
rather than mining them. So REDD+ is about making money and conserving the
planet. When REDD+ is structured correctly, it generates funds that would support
forest-based carbon storage service.
d. Sustainable forest management: In addition to reducing emission, forests protected
through REDD+ initiative continue to provide many other ecosystem services and
goods to society.
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REDD+ principles
Aim: Enable Trainee to understand the basic qualifications or requirements for any
initiative before it qualifies as a REDD+ initiative
Globally, all countries are required to apply standard or uniform principles in order to
ensure consistence in developing and implementing REDD+ initiatives. The following
principles or requirements apply:
a) Establishing National baseline over which to estimate any actions on REDD+.
b) Putting in place Measures for ensuring transparent, equitable and accountable
benefit sharing system of carbon funds.
c) Ensuring sound forest carbon accounting system.
d) Ensuring monitoring and reporting system on REDD+ activities.
e) Ensuring monitoring system (Reference Scenario) against which to measure
future deforestation and degradation reductions.
REDD+ Objectives
Aim: Enable Trainee to understand the over-all objectives of REDD+.
Over-all, REDD+ aspires to achieve the following objectives:
a. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) by
reducing rates of deforestation and forest degradation.
b. Creating a financial value for the carbon stored in forests as basis for offering
incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions from forested lands and
invest in low-carbon paths to sustainable development.
c. Conserving forests through sustainable forest management.
REDD+ and Uganda’s National Development
Aim: To enable Trainee understand and or appreciate REDD+ as tool that responds
to challenges of climate change in Uganda as well as contributing to over-all
national development priorities for Uganda. This is intended to attract commitment
as a national priority obligation.
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Uganda‟s social and economic development path is defined in the Vision 2040 which
seeks to accelerate socio-economic transformation to achieve the national vision of a
transformed Ugandan society from a peasant to a modern and prosperous country by the
year 2040 under the over-all national development policy theme: “to achieve growth,
employment and socio-economic transformation for prosperity”.
The Vision 2040 recognizes the significant contribution of the environment and natural
resource base to economic growth and well-being. The plan notes that Ugandans should be
able to exploit and use natural resources gainfully and sustainably to promote
competitiveness, independence, self sustenance and a dynamic economy whilst protecting
the biological and physical systems upon which the economy is based.
The link between the environment, economy and social development in Uganda is a well
established reality. This is particularly true because the majority of the population (>80% of
population) directly thrives on rain fed agriculture that depends on natural ecosystems
functioning and services. The environment and natural resource base therefore drives
national development, while development activities also impact on the environment.
In spite of the above linkages, Uganda‟s current development pathway has not adequately
integrated or balanced the environment, social and economic pillars of sustainable
development. The country faces severe environmental problems including soil erosion and
declining soil fertility, deforestation, pollution of land, water and air resources, loss of
biodiversity and over-harvesting of forests, fisheries and water resources. This continued
liquidation of the country‟s natural capital may undermine long-term economic progress.
REDD+ and Social economic development
Aim: To enable Trainee appreciate that REDD+ seeks to proactively ensure that
REDD+ initiatives do not cause significant harm to social and economic well being
of the people, including those whose livelihoods continue to be derived from forestry
resources. REDD+ has potential to interrupt the forestry-livelihood linkages.
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REDD+ recognizes the need to identify key social and environmental risks and design a
framework for avoiding, minimizing or eliminating negative impacts or mitigating
negative consequences if these would be inevitable, while elaborating on means of
creating benefits for the people and the environment.
REDD+ will seek to address the following among others:
a) Risks and potential negative impacts and by providing mitigation measures.
b) Developing and applying a Risk Assessment and Management Framework for
Uganda REDD+ Strategy. The following risks have been identified so far.
i. Meeting stakeholder‟s expectations of REDD+.
ii. Political support for REDD+ being a new approach towards addressing
deforestation and forest degradation.
iii. Environmental, financial, operational, organizational and regulatory
capacity.
iv. Carbon leakage caused by shifting deforestation and forest degradation
into new areas.
c) Ensuring stakeholders participation in defining strategies and actions.
d) Developing and elaborating Strategies and actions for addressing the drivers of
deforestation and forest degradation; including:
i. Assessing causes and drivers of deforestation and forest degradation.
ii. Defining Uganda‟s REDD+ Strategy Options.
iii. Defining the criteria to be used for choosing sites for REDD+
demonstration sites.
iv. Developing practices for sustainable forest management and conservation.
v. Defining REDD+ Strategy implementation arrangements and modalities,
including options for strengthening national and institutional capacities for
implementing Uganda‟s REDD+ Strategy.
e) Developing and applying tools and methodologies for measuring, reporting and
verifying the aspects and effects of REDD+ Strategy.
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f) Developing and applying system for estimating the historic forest cover change
and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and uptake from deforestation and forest
degradation and the other REDD+ activities and making projections of emissions
in future.
REDD+ and Forestry Policies and Plan
Aim: To enable Trainee understand the intricate relationship between REDD+
and National Forestry management policies and plans. The description of the
relationship between REDD+ and forestry helps to show that REDD+ is beyond
traditional forestry resources management, that it emphasizes standards,
approaches and commitments not common under traditional forestry resources
management.
REDD+ derive its legitimacy from the National Forestry Policy (2002) and National
Forest Plan (NFP) (2003) (under revision). REDD+ will contribute to all National
Forestry Policy objectives through:
a) Strengthening the basis for maintaining Permanent Forest Estate (PFE).
b) Defining options for halting and reversing deforestation and degradation in
PFE.
c) Mapping and establishing the baseline and monitoring systems for the PFE.
d) Defining governance approaches for the PFE including the potential for
stakeholder engagement in sustainable management/maintenance of PFE
including benefit sharing.
REDD+ recognizes the NFP beneficiaries as key stakeholders. According to the NFP
(2001), the target beneficiaries of the NFP are the large cross-section of Ugandans who
are dependent on forest resources for their livelihoods. In particular the focus is on the
poorest, on women and the youth, and on providing services and enabling conditions for
enhancing their livelihoods. Attention is also given to larger scale business development
that will create employment and wider economic growth.
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Therefore, REDD+ supplements ongoing forestry management efforts by creating an
environment in which all the key stakeholders (and beneficiaries) fully and effectively
participate in the development of institutional and human capacity, methodologies and
tools for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. Activities that
address deforestation and forest degradation, monitoring of emissions reduction,
marketing REDD+, distributing benefits equitably among stakeholders including the poor
and vulnerable, and, engaging partners to implement these activities are targeted to be
developed, pilot tested and confirmed.
REDD+ and Climate Change
Aim: To provide clarification and or justification for applying REDD+ as one of the
tools for responding to causes and or effects of climate change. Uganda has
developed Climate Change Policy and places Climate Change among top areas for
investment priorities for national development.
A Draft Climate Change Policy (2012) for Uganda awaits approval. REDD+ address
those aspects of Climate Change Policy that support development of a framework aimed
at optimization of mitigation, adaptation and sustainable development potentials of the
forestry sector. In addition, REDD+ will contribute by way of assessing issues and trends
of forestry resources, mapping forest resources, capacity building and establishing forest
emissions reference scenarios through development of tools and methodologies for
sustainable forestry management in Uganda.
REDD+ Plus will recognize and also seek to utilize areas of synergy and
complementarities with Climate Change initiatives and programmes of government1,
NGOs, CSOs, Private Sector and general public so as to ensure that appropriate strategies
for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation are developed.
1 The targeted programmes include those implemented under the MEAs such as CBD and UNFCCC
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Status of forestry resources REDD+ seeks to address
Forestry Resources
Aim: To enable Trainee understand the status of the primary resources (Forestry)
that REDD+ targets, because, REDD+ focuses on addressing drivers of
deforestation and forest degradation.
According to National Biomass Study (2005), Uganda‟s natural forest vegetation, is
categorized into three broad types namely: Tropical High Forest (THF) well stocked,
Tropical High Forest low stocked, and Woodland, covering 3,570,643ha and occupying
approximately 15% of Uganda‟s land surface as of 2005 (Table 2). Of these,
approximately 15,500ha were of soft wood plantations.
Table 2: Geographical distribution of natural forests in Uganda
Forest type Extent in 2005
(ha) Districts
2 with > 20,000 ha of forest
Tropical high
forests, well
stocked
600,956.81
WEST: Kyenjojo (84,000), Bushenyi (68,231),
Hoima (58,889), Kibaale (58,268), Kasese
(49,794), Bundibugyo (45,612), Kabarole
(39,177), Masindi (31,933), Kamwenge (26,769)
CENTRAL: Mukono (63,977), Mpigi (27,170),
Kalangala (21,079)
Tropical high
forests, Low
stocked
191,694.36
Woodland 2,777,997.8 NORTH: Abim, Ajumani, Amuru, Apac, Arua,
Gulu, Kitgum, Kotido, Moroto, Moyo,
Nakapiripirit, Nebi, Pader, Yumbe
WEST: Bundibugyo, Bushenyi Hoima, Kabarole,
Kamwenge, Kasese, Kiruhura, Kyenjojo, Masindi
CENTRAL: Kayunga, Kiboga, Mubende,
Nakaseke, Nakasongola,
Source: NFA, 2009
Over 1,900,000 ha of the forest area is protected under the Permanent Forest Estate (PFE
in form of Central Forest Reserves managed by the National Forestry Authority
(1,270,797 ha) and National Parks managed by the Uganda Wildlife Authority (731,000
ha), and Local Forest Reserves managed by districts (4,997 ha). Of these Permanent
Forest Estate (PFE), 78% (1,468,000 ha) is under forests and woodland, while the rest is
2 District names are presented as they were in 2005
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mainly grassland (Kayanja and Byaruhanga, 2001). The rest of the forest estate (almost
64% of the total forest cover), which is mostly woodland (Kayanja and Byaruhanga
2001), is under private ownership (State of the Environment Report 2004/5). This is
where deforestation and forest degradation mainly occur (Plumptre 2002). In Uganda
both National and FAO statistics show that forest cover declined from 10,800,000ha in
the late 1890s to 4,900,000ha in 1990 and 3,570,643 in 2005. This presents a decline in
forest cover from 35% to less than 15% of Uganda land surface (Figure 1). By 2002, 50%
of the Tropical High Forests (THF) on private lands and 17% of those in protected areas
were degraded. Whereas drivers of degradation are known, the impacts are not known
(NFA, 2009).
REDD+ will contribute by way of analysing and providing the information missing on
impacts of forest degradation and furthermore map forests and establish the baseline data
on forest cover.
24
Figure 1: Map showing major forest areas in Uganda. (Source: NFA 2010)
25
Forestry Governance
Aim: To demonstrate importance of forestry governance (Policies, legislation,
regulations/guidelines, institutional frameworks, management practices, etc.) in
addressing drivers of deforestation and forest degradation as well as in achieving
REDD+ objectives.
Forest governance deals with how power is exercised, how people are involved in
forestry issues, especially those of public concern (World Resources Institute, 2009).
Strategies for sustainable forest management have been evolving over time as shown
Table 3:
Table 3: Reforms in Forestry Sector
Era (Period) Reforms
1898 Establishment of Forest Service
1902 Forest Department
1928-1940 Establishment of Forest Reserves
1967 Creation of CFRs
1993 Decentralized Forestry Management
Change in management of CFRs to NPs
1997 Recentralization
2004 National Forest Authority
Source: R-PP (2012)
Between 1938 and 1967, a double tier system (i.e. Central government and Local
Government) of forest management was used. Forest management concentrated on
timber production and conservation. In 1967-88, the government adopted a Republican
constitution, which centralized virtually all government decision-making powers,
bringing the management of all forest reserves under the Forest Department (a central
government arm) (Nsita 2002). The main approach of forest management was “policing”
or forest protection through foot patrols focusing on forest reserves >5ha. Smaller forest
reserves were cut down for agriculture and settlement. Forest protection through policing
became increasingly difficult as illegal activities escalated. The greatest barrier to
enforcement of forest laws was lack of cooperation of adjacent local communities.
Traditional beliefs for maintaining sacred forests or particular trees had been mostly
disregarded in these processes.
26
The National Environment Action Planning Process in the late „80s –early „90s sought to
increase stakeholder participation in decision-making and aimed at re-instating the two-
tier system of management with increased incentives for natural resource management.
In 1993, the government decentralised (devolved) management of central forest reserves
to Local Governments as a way of increasing people‟s participation in decision-making.
However, this was without adequate prior capacity building and resulted in heavy forest
losses as decisions mainly for forest conversion were made based on local politics and
not technical guidance. The worst affected areas were South Busoga and Luwunga forest
reserves (Nsita 2002). In 1995, forest reserves were recentralized albeit through
subsidiary legislation. By this time, illegal activities (encroachment and illegal timber
harvesting) had built up so much that rampant forest destruction continued.
Since 1997, forest sector reforms have developed frameworks for increasing active
citizenship and participation (especially of the poor and vulnerable) in decision-making
in the management of key resources in the country with the aim of enhancing integrity,
transparency and accountability. The 2001 National Forestry Policy, the 2002 National
Forest Plan and the 2003 National Forest and Tree Planting Act promote public
participation and partnership between governments and private companies in forest
management. The NFTP Act also requires the Minister to consult before taking major
decisions on forest reserves. The National Environment Management Policy (1994) and
the Forestry Policy (2001) emphasizes the participation of the private sector and
communities in natural resource management and recommends using incentives
including sharing of benefits from conservation.
Drivers of deforestation and forest degradation
Aim: Provide information to the Trainee on the drivers of deforestation and forest
degradation so far identified in the REDD Readiness Preparation Proposal. These
drivers may differ in scope at different locations. Other drivers may be relevant in
some locations.
The major underlying causes of deforestation and forest degradation in Uganda relate to:
27
a. Predominantly agrarian human population with increasing numbers and active
socio-economic dynamics
b. Increasing demand for variety of forestry resources with limited options for
alternatives or substitutes
c. Human capacities to ensure sustainable forest management.
The major drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in Uganda consist of:
a. Agricultural expansion in forested lands.
b. Energy use (charcoal production, firewood harvesting).
c. Livestock grazing.
d. Timber production.
e. Human settlement and urbanization.
REDD+ is intended to address both direct and indirect drivers of deforestation and
degradation.
28
SECTION C
REDD+ PROCESS FOR UGANDA
The information provided hereunder describes the status of Government Led3
preparations towards being ready for REDD+.
The REDD Process in Uganda
Table 4: The REDD Process in Uganda
Period Undertakings/Accomplishments Observations
2008 a. Uganda applied to participate in the Forest
Carbon partnership Fund. Uganda requested
funds to facilitate preparation of REDD
Readiness Preparation Proposal.
a. National Forestry Authority
(NFA) took the lead (REDD
Focal Point) on behalf of GoU.
2009 a. Uganda application was approved.
b. Methodology, structures and processes for
preparing Uganda‟s REDD Readiness
Preparation Proposal were put in place.
a. Processes emphasized
stakeholder participation.
b. Stakeholder platforms
(Steering Committee, Sector
Working Group, Thematic
working groups, etc.) were
formed
c. R-PP Secretariat was set up.
2010-
2011
a. Uganda prepared and submitted to FCPF
Participants Committee its REDD Readiness
Preparation Proposal.
b. Uganda‟s R-PP was formally approved in
June 2011 (with comments) and
recommended allocation of funding up to
$3.4 million (seed funding) to implement the
proposal.
a. Uganda R-PP budgets
estimates for implementation
amount to $11.6 million.
b. National REDD Focal Point
changed from NFA to Forestry
Sector Support Department
(FSSD).
2012 a. Revised Uganda R-PP was submitted to
World Bank (on behalf of FCPF) and
approved for funding (May 2012)
b. World Bank conducted project formulation
mission (September2012)
a. Through WorldBank, up to
US$ 3.6 has been committed.
GoU has committed US$ 0.67
M as counterpart funding.
Funding gaps is approx.
US$6.7M
2013 a. Negotiations for funding agreement between
GoU and World Bank underway.
b. Consultations with other potential
partners/donors ongoing.
c. Implementation is expected to Commence.
3 Several NGOs/CSOs and Private Sector institutions are actively engaged in various initiatives in Uganda that
contribute to REDD+ components and process.
29
Legal and policy issues pertaining to R-PP implementation
The Forest and Tree Planting Act (NFTP) (2003) and the National Forest Policy (2002)
are the principal frameworks for guiding the R-PP implementation. Various sectoral
policies and legislation encompassing agriculture, land, wildlife, environment, water,
livestock, energy, trade, etc support the R-PP Implementation.
The Vision 2040 and the National Forest Plan provide guidance on over-all national
development and forestry development priorities, respectively.
Stakeholder participation and engagement
Stakeholder‟s participation and contribution is planned/required in the following aspects:
a. Development and elaboration on Strategies and actions for addressing the
drivers of deforestation and forest degradation; including assessing causes
and drivers of deforestation and forest degradation and defining Uganda‟s
REDD+ Strategy Options.
b. Defining the criteria to be used for choosing sites for REDD+ demonstration
sites.
c. Defining development of practices for sustainable forest management and
conservation.
d. Defining REDD+ Strategy implementation arrangements and modalities.
e. Defining processes and tools for stakeholder engagement during the
implementation of the REDD+ Strategy, including Communications,
Consultations and Participation and Grievances and Conflict Management
arrangements.
f. Development of tools and methodologies for measuring, reporting and
verifying the aspects and effects of REDD+ Strategy.
g. Development of system for assessing key social and environmental risks and
potential impacts of REDD+ Strategy options and implementation framework.
30
h. Development of system for estimating the historic forest cover change and
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and uptake from deforestation and forest
degradation and the other REDD+ activities and making projections of emissions
in future.
i. Supervision, coordination and monitoring R-PP implementation.
Institutional arrangements
Supervision, coordination, participation, implementation and accountability
The R-PP implementation management and coordination is under four levels (Figure 2):
a. Over-all Environmental and development policy coordination (National Policy
Committee on Environment).
b. Coordination, management and accountability (MWE/National REDD Focal
Point).
c. Supervision and participation (Steering Committee, National Technical
Committee, Taskforces).
d. Implementation (Implementing institutions).
31
Figure 2: Proposed implementation and coordination arrangements (Source: R-PP, 2012)
Figur2 Key
Reporting and accountability responsibility
Advisory and Participation
Lead Institution (MWE)
National Focal Point/
Secretariat
Implementing
Institution (to be
selected by REDD
Steering Committee)
Implementing
Institution (to be
selected by REDD
Steering Committee.)
Implementing
Institution (to be
selected by REDD
Steering Committee.)
Implementing
Institution (to be
selected by REDD
Steering Committee.)
Implementing
Institution (to be
selected by REDD
Steering Committee.)
NATIONAL POLICY COMMITTEE ON
ENVIRONMENT
REDD Steering
Committee
National Technical
Committee
Thematic
Taskforces
32
Roles and Mandates during R-PP implementation
Table 5: Roles and responsibilities under the R-PP Implementation in Uganda Institution Mandate/Role
The National
Policy
Committee on
Environment
a. Over-all Policy coordination /harmonization with regards to REDD+ for Uganda
b. Harmonize Government policies pertaining to REDD+ with sectoral ministries.
c. Liaise with Cabinet on issues affecting smooth implementation of REDD+ Strategy.
d. Harmonize implementation of REDD+ with broader Climate Change initiatives.
REDD
Steering
Committee
a. Provide strategic direction and policy guidance to the R-PP implementation.
b. Provide linkages and feedback to Ministries, Lead agencies, Implementing
Institutions, Districts and Non-government actors (NGOs, Private Sector, Cultural
institutions, Indigenous people) regarding development of REDD+ Strategy Options.
c. Approve work plans/activity plans and budgets.
d. Recommend establishment of National Technical Committee/Thematic Task Forces.
e. Handle institutional grievances and conflicts arising out of their participation in R-
PP implementation.
f. Recommend establishment of mechanisms for resolving institutional conflicts or
disagreements during the R-PP implementation period.
g. Recommend the National REDD+Strategy to government for approval.
Ministry of
Water and
Environment
a. Supervision, co-ordinate and report on the progress of R-PP implementation.
b. Ensure that R-PP budget is reflected in the lead and sectoral ministry‟s plans,
budgets and accounts.
c. Facilitate the integration of REDD+ Strategies and actions into plans and budgets of
implementing agencies.
d. Provide a stable and enabling work environment for the implementation of the R-PP.
e. Convene REDD+ Steering Committee (RSC) and the National Technical
Committee.
National
REDD-Plus
Focal Point
a. Implement mandate of the Lead Ministry with respect to:
i. Report and Communicate progress on REDD+/R-PP implementation progress.
ii. Coordination of R-PP implementation within the MWE and with other
ministries, government agencies, NGOs, Private Sector, etc.
iii. Budgeting and financial management and reporting.
iv. Facilitating relevant forums.
b. Represent MWE in R-PP implementation activities including:
i. Providing information and advice to the REDD + Steering Committee (RSC).
ii. Convening and facilitating the work of the National Technical Committee.
iii. Serving as Secretary to the RSC meetings and National Technical Committee.
iv. Participating in R-PP forums and meetings within and outside the Country.
c. Implement day-to-day R-PP Implementation activities including:
i. Coordinating implementation of FSSD based REDD+ activities.
ii. Coordinating implementation of R-PP activities by other institutions.
iii. Monitoring, assessing and reporting on progress of implementation.
iv. Managing R-PP implementation budget.
National
Technical
Committee
a. Oversee the technical aspects of preparation of the REDD+ Strategy for Uganda.
b. Ensure quality and standards and compliance to REDD+ principles.
c. Provide specialist inputs into design of REDD+ Strategies, tools and methodologies.
Taskforces a. Design and provide oversight to the strategies corresponding to the themes.
b. Provide specialist input into the preparation of REDD+ Strategy.
c. Facilitate technical level coordination/sharing of information with own institutions.
Implementing
Institutions
a. Implement and report on progress of implementation on assigned tasks.
b. Participate in the REDD+ Steering Committee.
c. Host and facilitate functioning of Taskforces.
Source: R-PP (2012)
33
SECTION D
UNDERSTANDING REDD+ PRINCIPLES AND TOOLS
Principles and tools under REDD+
Table 6: Principles and tools
Principle Tool to use/to be developed Observation
National baseline
over which to
estimate any actions
on REDD+.
a. Criteria for assessing and
identifying drivers of
Deforestation and Forest
Degradation
b. Criteria for identifying or
designing strategies for
addressing Deforestation and
forest degradation.
c. Assessment data
Extensive data collection and
analysis is envisaged
Measures for
ensuring
transparent,
equitable and
accountable benefit
sharing system of
carbon funds.
a. Communications and Outreach
Strategy
b. Consultations and Participation
Strategy
c. Grievances and Conflicts
Management Strategy
d. Strategic Environment and Social
Impact Assessment (SESA)
e. Multiple benefit sharing
Mechanisms Strategy
f. Establishing Demonstration Sites
a. Requires designing and or
implement/apply these
strategies.
b. Strategies (a-c) were
developed in 2012
Sound forest carbon
accounting system.
a. Institutional arrangements for
REDD+ Strategy implementation
b. Tools of Carbon accounting
a. Institutional arrangements
to be derived after
developing REDD+
Strategies
b. Tools for carbon accounting
may include policy and
legal tools regarding carbon
tenure/ownership and trade
Monitoring and
reporting system on
REDD+ activities.
Methodology for Measuring,
Reporting and Verifying REDD+
impacts
Scientific tool
Monitoring system
(Reference Scenario)
against which to
measure future
deforestation,
degradation
reductions
Methodology for establishing
Reference Scenario
Scientific tool
Requires forest mapping
34
Table 7: Sample tools of direct relevance to different districts in Uganda
Strategy Rationale/Justification C
om
mu
nic
ati
on
an
d
Ou
trea
ch S
trate
gy
The challenge for REDD+ and process is to engage stakeholders. This
requires information and ability to understand REDD+ and processes. It also
requires tackling attitudes and lifestyles that cause deforestation and work
towards reducing emissions as a solution.
Therefore the Tool serves to facilitate:
a. Consultation and participation process,
b. Mobilizing political, executive and stakeholder support and
participation
c. Create a community that is well informed about REDD+ and thus able
to make globally responsible choices
Con
sult
ati
on
s an
d P
art
icip
ati
on
Str
ate
gy
Uganda‟s REDD Process emphasises consultations with stakeholder‟s at all
levels at various stages of REDD process through a variety of ways. To guide
this complex and dynamic process, a clear participation and consultation
strategy.
The over-all objective of the Consultation and Participation Strategy is to
provide frameworks for continuous free, fair and transparent nationwide
multi-stakeholder consultations to enhance inclusiveness and participation of
all relevant stakeholders in REDD+ processes. Specifically, the Consultations
and Participation Strategy shall contribute towards:
a. Ensuring that REDD+ activities and implementation frameworks are
informed by stakeholder‟s views and contributions by providing avenues
through which the voices and experiences of key stakeholders are captured
and incorporated in decision making at all levels.
b. Guiding actions to enhance awareness about REDD+ implementation and
its monitoring by stakeholders by setting up platforms through which
beneficiaries can access information and also participate in the design and
implementation of REDD+ activities.
c. Building mechanisms to enhance equitable outcomes and access to
REDD+ benefits by all stakeholders and sectors at all levels.
d. Repositioning REDD+ contribution towards national development
priorities by influencing development of regulatory frameworks that are
socially inclusive, transparent and support improvements in forest
governance.
Gri
evan
ces
an
d
con
flic
ts
Man
agem
ent
Str
ate
gy
REDD+ has the potential to cause negative impacts on community
livelihoods. REDD+ activities are likely to impact on traditional uses of forest
resources, land use and livelihoods especially to those communities that
depend on forests for survival. REDD+ has the potential to strengthen
women‟s roles as forest managers as well as potentially having negative
impacts on them if their interests are not expressly incorporated in the design
and implementation of REDD+ strategy.
Therefore, REDD+ implementation may face challenges of conflict and
35
grievances resulting from loss of livelihoods and sharing of benefits among
others. Grievances have the potential to arise at all stages of design and
implementation of REDD+ plus activities, including during the stakeholder
engagement process itself, if stakeholders feel their rights are not being
respected. While engaging the stakeholders in decision making early on will
mitigate some of the risks of conflicts, it will not mitigate all risks. Since what
starts out as minor grievance can escalate into larger conflicts and even small
activities can change power dynamics and create tension, the likelihood of
future conflicts that cannot be predicted at the outset is high.
A Conflicts and Grievances Mechanism (CGM) for REDD+ will be a process
of receiving, evaluating and addressing REDD+ implementation related
grievances from affected communities or stakeholders at all levels. REDD+
Conflicts and Grievances Mechanism will not replace stakeholders‟ recourse
to courts of law or other existing mechanisms but will apply exclusively to a
REDD+ initiatives.
Therefore the Tool serves to:
a. Addressing anticipated harm to the environment and forest dependent
livelihoods.
b. Enabling the application of the Rights based approach in the
implementation of REDD+ programmes.
c. Ensuring that standards and obligations are met to mitigate conflicts
and safeguard REDD+ investments.
Str
ate
gic
Eco
nom
ic a
nd
Soci
al
Ass
essm
ent
(SE
SA
)
In its efforts to develop a National REDD+ Strategy as a long-term measure
for tackling deforestation and forest degradation, ensuring sustainable forest
management, and enhancing carbon socks and forest biodiversity
conservation, REDD+ may result into social and environmental effects on
forest-dependent communities and the communities‟ over-all.
Against this background, a Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment
(SESA) that seeks to integrate social and environmental considerations into
the REDD+ policy-making process, leading to sustainable REDD+ policies
and programs should be carried out and applied.
The over-all objective of conducting a SESA of REDD+ Strategy options is to
ensure a comprehensive and participatory assessment of likely Environmental
and Social issues and integration of environmental and social considerations
into Uganda‟s REDD+ Strategy in a manner consistent with Uganda‟s
environmental laws and regulations as well as the World Bank‟s
environmental and social safeguard policies.
Specifically, SESA will assess the:
a. Extent to which REDD+ Strategy options address environmental and
social priorities associated with current patterns of land use and forest
36
management.
b. Inter-sectoral linkages within the land-use planning process and, trade-offs
and opportunity costs involved with different land uses.
c. Application of environmental and ecosystems valuation taking into
account intangible factors in the valuation of forests and forest resources.
Gaps identified through these assessments will lead to strengthening the
REDD+ Strategy options. For any outstanding potential social and
environment issues, the SESA will develop an Environmental and Social
Management Framework (ESMF) that will outline the procedures to be
followed for managing potential environmental and social impacts of specific
REDD+ options during the implementation of the REDD+ Strategy for
Uganda.
Pil
oti
ng R
ED
D D
emon
stra
tion
Sit
es
Any developer of REDD+ activity (demonstration/field site) is required to
comply with the standards and requirements of the national guidelines.
Compliance with national guidelines is required because:
a. Field REDD+ activities require prior authorization by the National
REDD+ Focal Point
b. Results of the REDD+ activities require to be certified by the National
REDD+ Focal Point prior to offering them on the Carbon market.
National Guidelines are at an advanced Stage of development. They provide
for the following steps:
a. Sensitizing stakeholders/mandated institutions at district/sub county
levels. Stakeholders encompass: a) Implementers – those who will use the
Guidelines; b) Regulators – those who will be involved with regulating
and monitoring demonstration activities; c) Contributors – those who
actively collaborate with Implementers who will carry demonstration
activities and, d) Public – Wider public awareness and understanding of
REDD+ and the importance of Demonstration issues for their own
livelihoods and benefit.
b. Designating location and boundary of demonstration activity.
c. Preparation of implementation strategy or action plans.
d. Accountability- implementation of results based actions (measuring,
reporting, verification)
e. Disclosure.
Adapted from R-PP (2012)
37
SECTION E
ASSESSEMENT OF ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR REDD+ IN BULIISA
Issues and opportunities for REDD+ in Buliisa will be assessed using the following
criteria/process:
a. Designating Focal Point and Coordinator for REDD+ Process
b. Designing a Stakeholder Consultations and Participation Plan. This includes
mapping stakeholders and ongoing programmes/initiatives in forestry resources
management and REDD related activities.
c. Designing Communication messages and strategy
d. Designing Grievances and Conflicts management Strategy. This includes
assessing potential grievances and or conflicts.
e. Assessing drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in Buliisa
f. Designing REDD+ Strategy Options applicable in Buliisa.
g. Assessing likely Social and Environmental Impacts and designing management
framework.
h. Assessing and defining institutional arrangements for implementing Bulisa
REDD+ Strategy.
i. Designing REDD+ Demonstration sites.
j. Designing tools and process for monitoring and reporting on REDD+ Strategy
implementation.
f. Studies and Assessments of Forestry policy, governance, resources trend among
others.
g. Preparing R-PP Proposal documentation.
h. R-PP Reviews and Approvals, securing financing commitments.
i. Mobilizing to start implementation.
38
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